3952:, all on the day prior to commencing his penance. On the next day, he is to bathe, perform Śrãddha and Homa, and give gifts to the Brahmins and feed them. Also during the time of prāyaścitta, the sinner must observe certain rules on food and other matters. This includes that the sinner refrain from taking food at another's house, from sexual intercourse, from speaking at an improper time, and from everything that might cause him to feel strength or sexual passion. It is customary that when undergoing a penance, the sinner begins with a mantra that translates "O! Fire, lord of vrata! I shall perform a vrata." In the same way, when one has finished his penance, he recites a mantra that translates, "O! Fire, lord of vratas: I have performed the vrata, I had the strength to do it, may it be propitious for me!" There are also particular virtues that should be practiced while doing penance such as honesty. These are known as yamas.
3590:
texts consider this as disproportionate punishment. Theft is a grave sin in these texts, but the penance prescribed vary, with some texts questioning whether food eaten by an ox, without the permission of the owner of a fodder, qualifies as a sin for the owner of that ox. Similarly, there are major disagreements and acknowledgment of controversies within the texts on when and what conduct is inappropriate, whether and what penance must follow. Similarly, the penance and atonement for sexual misconduct and adultery varies in different dharma texts.
3854:, with questions such as whether one should cut his hair before a pilgrimage arising or whether a fast at the tīrtha is required. The mode of travel is also widely discussed, as to whether one may reap any benefit from traveling in a conveyance. The most widely accepted view appears to be that the greatest austerity (prāyaścitta) comes from traveling on foot, and that the use of a conveyance is only acceptable if the pilgrimage is otherwise impossible. Raghunanda's
3999:). Intentional murder, for instance, was specified to have the punishment of death. This punishment is counted both in a legal sense and as part of the prāyaścitta section. This combining of penance with legal procedure appears to make the prāyaścitta more effective as penance ending in death can result in full expiation from intentional sins. Some text impose a time scale, wherein prāyaścitta increases the longer the crime or sin goes uncorrected.
3371:
3437:-related term and refers to voluntarily accepting one's errors and misdeeds, confession, repentance, means of penance and expiation to undo or reduce the karmic consequences. It includes atonement for intentional and unintentional misdeeds. The ancient Hindu literature on repentance, expiation and atonement is extensive, with earliest mentions found in the
53:
3465:, appear in the Vedic literature. However, in some instances such as in Taittiriya Samhita verses 2.1.2.4 and 5.1.9.3, these words simply imply "accidental happening or mishap" and associated sense of remorse, and their context has nothing to do with "sin". In other cases, such as in Taittiriya Samhita 5.3.12.1, the word
3922:, or repentance to be an important form of prāyaścitta. Acknowledgment of an unjust act is considered a step towards inner reformation and the start of a purge of the effects of immorality. The texts recommend remorse and repentance to be accompanied with austerity and reflection, as well as study to gain
3971:
prescribe the enactment of a penance immediately as needed, some other place restrictions on the time (i.e. the Prāyaścittattatva says that a penance should not commence on the 8th or 14th tithi of the month). If one is in mourning, he may also wait to perform penance until the period of mourning has
3955:
Two kinds of Prāyaścitta exist: one which is done openly, prakāś, and one which is done secretly, rahasya. Many smṛtis lay down rules about performing secret prāyaścittas. One reason a man would perform a secret prāyaścitta is because no one but himself knows about the sin he has committed. A general
3791:
The Vishnu
Dharmasastra asserts that the type of sin that may be expiated through pilgrimages is referred to as anupātakas (small sin), in contrast to mahapātakas (major sin) that require other penances. According to Kane, many texts asserted that "tirtha-yatra (journey to a holy place) was a popular
3589:
The ancient texts suggest that there was significant debate and disagreement between Dharma scholars on what is the appropriate and sufficient penance or punishment for a given crime. For example, some texts suggest suicide as penance, or capital punishment for the crime of incest or rape, but other
3947:
proscribes the procedures for all penances, while others, like the Śankha and
Madanapārijāta also provide elaborate rules about undergoing procedures of prayascittas." Some particular procedures a sinner must undergo include: paring of nails, shaving his head, bathing with clay, cow dung, and holy
3890:
Vratas are discussed as a means to prāyaścitta in
Dharmasastra texts. Many prāyaścitta vratas in these texts suggest it include the feeding of "Brahmins, blind, poor and helpless", as well as other acts of charity. However, a Vrata can consist of many different activities. Other examples of Vrata
3641:
The different Smriti texts vary in their recommendations on penances by ages, the definition of juvenile sins and crimes and age limit, sins and crimes by men above a certain age, women, who the sinner and the victim is, and whether the person is the sick and ailing. The intent behind the sin or
3637:
Prāyaścitta in Hindu texts vary according to the age and capacity of a person. If a minor commits a sin such as drinking sura (alcohol), he does not need to perform a penance. Instead, states
Brhadyama smriti, the minor's guardian such as father, elder brother, family member or relative should
3956:
rule exists that secret penances are meant for those who have consecrated the Vedic fires, who are disciplined, old or learned, and that the open penances are meant for other people. It is even said that women and śūdras can perform secret penances because they too can give gifts and
3477:
layers of Vedic texts, as well as various Sutras and
Shastras, include those related to ritual procedure such as letting the altar fire go out, or unintentional breaking a cooking pot, or an intentional inappropriate conduct, and any range of events where a person feels remorseful.
3638:
perform the penance. If a juvenile under the age of five commits a crime, most ancient Hindu texts do not consider it a crime, as under-5 age are deemed unable to commit a crime or sin. No penance is required, but some texts argue that this only applies to minor infractions.
3798:
also call attention to the fact that doing one's duty as a householder is more important than going on pilgrimages, and it is only in special cases or once one has paid his Three Debts (to his parents, his teacher, and the Vedas) that he should resort to pilgrimages.
3887:(householders) that they feel as obligatory before or during certain spiritual or religious practice. Utsavas, or religious festivals, share some elements with vratas. They may contain elements of are often difficult to distinguish from the practice of vratas.
3487:
12.3.16. He states that they are of two types. One category of Prāyaścitta are those to correct anything ritual-related that emerges from one's neglect or heedlessness, while the others are atonement for "not doing what one must" or "doing what one must not".
3576:
of
Hinduism do not offer a consistent theory of prāyaścittas. They differ between themselves if, when and what prāyaścittas are applicable, and whether they are sufficient if the errors and sins were done intentionally or unintentionally. Furthermore, states
3891:
activity include fasting, burning incense sticks, prayers before a deity, meditating and such activities. The śmrtis go into great detail on the subject of vratas, discussing even the details pertaining to what type of flowers should be used in worship.
3858:
asserts that the person seeking penance must give up 16 things when he reaches the Ganges river, including behavior such as praising another tirtha, striking anyone, sexual dalliance, accepting gifts and giving one's used clothing as gifts to others.
3906:Śāntis are rites a person undertakes to come to terms or create peace with fears, doubts, portents or omens. These include anxiety in an expectant mother, sounds or sights or dreams a person considers unlucky and others. Some texts, such as the
3650:
Pratyāmnāyas emerged in medieval era, as a form of penance appropriate to the age, the time and the strength of the sinner. They were asserted to be a kind of penance that purify a man without harming or causing undue distress to the sinner.
3585:
starts with the assertion that it will now discuss penance (prāyaścittas), but the 43 verses that follow have nothing to do with penance, and
Olivelle suggests this is evidence of later interpolated replacement.
3448:
Those texts that discuss Prāyaścitta, states Robert Lingat, debate the intent and thought behind the improper act, and consider penance appropriate when the "effect" had to be balanced, but "cause" was unclear.
3560:
The Hindu literature on
Prayaschitta is extensive, and most commonly found in the Dharma-related literature as well as the Epics and Puranas. The earliest mentions are found in the Vedas, such as in the
3995:
Vyavahāra, technically refers to the process, procedure, and administration of justice. If convicted, some sins and crimes were specified to invite penance, while others merited punishment (
3581:, the ancient and medieval manuscripts, relating to prāyaścittas, that have survived show evidence of major corruption and interpolations over their history. For instance, chapter 11 of
5225:
3507:
implies "joining together", or "joining together what was destroyed", making good what was lost. A third derivation for the word is in
Samavidhana Brahmana, where it is composed of
3792:
way for redemption of sins in the case of all classes of men and women. The texts assert that the man should take his wife with him, when proceeding to pilgrimage. However, some
4017:
3519:, which translates to "observances after knowing a certain thing has happened". Yet a fourth definition ties it to sin, wherein it is asserted to be composed of
3642:
crime is also a factor in these texts. The penance requirements are reduced or increased, based on the age, circumstances and intent, depending on the source.
3879:
may be motivated by many factors, one of which may be expiatory (prāyaścitta). A Vrata can also be non-penance related voluntary vow or part of practice by a
3441:. Illustrative means to repent for intentional and unintentional misdeeds include admitting one's misdeeds, austerities, fasting, pilgrimage and bathing in
3788:
along with tourist guides, particularly the Padma Purana, Skanda Purana, Vayu Purana, Kurma Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Narada Purana, and
Bhavishya Purana.
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Upavasa (restricting diet or fasting) and Vrata (with vow) are the most common form of penance prescribed in Dharma texts of Hinduism.
4720:
3401:
3948:
water, drinking clarified butter, and making a declaration of performing the penance indicated by the assembly of the learned male
4014:
3545:. The word is also used in Hindu texts to refer to actions to expiate one's errors or sins, such as adultery by a married person.
3894:
Men and women, state the Dharmashastras and the Puranas, can expiate their sins through the use of vratas. For prāyaścitta, the
2187:
1018:
5197:
3750:: restricting one's diet, such as by eating bland foods or small quantity as a self reminder of penance, sometimes with vows.
3718:: a person performs austerity such as celibacy, wearing wet clothes till they dry on his body, sleeping on ground or fasting.
138:
5211:
4839:
4801:
4638:
4084:
3499:, which Kane states respectively mean "austerity" and "a resolve". However, some Indian scholars such as Hemadri state that
3699:
Abhiśasta (public confession): a person visits homes as a beggar, seeks forgiveness, confesses his crime and asks for food.
3593:
The emphasis of the Hindu texts is on inner correction through penance, rather than imposed punishment. It is tied to the
1611:
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appears with the meaning of expiation for a sin. The error or mistake mentioned in the ancient Hindu texts, such as the
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3910:
state that some Shanti rites are also a form of prāyaścitta. The Atharvaveda has sections on such rites and rituals.
1878:
3702:
Anutāpa (repentance): a person loathes the evil he did, reminds and repeats to himself "I shall not do that again".
3356:
3027:
2931:
1547:
1232:
544:
3445:, ascetic lifestyle, yajna (fire sacrifice, homa), praying, yoga, giving gifts to the poor and needy, and others.
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The Strides of Vishnu : Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective
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3772:, or holy place, are a type of prāyaścitta. Pilgrimages are not prominent in Dharmasastras such as
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A generic definition of Prāyaścitta in the Sruti texts is provided by Shabara in his commentary on
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4402:"Penance and Punishment: Marking the Body in Criminal Law and Social Ideology of Ancient India"
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doctrine. Prāyaścittas, that is penance to self correct, are considered part of dharma. The
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3875:, and it refers to self-imposed restrictions on food and behavior, sometimes with a vow. A
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3740:: giving away gifts such as cow, horse, land, butter, sesame seeds and food to the needy.
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3541:(not dharma), is any transgression, wrongdoing, misdeed or behavior inconsistent with
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5343:
3756:(pilgrimages): going on foot to distant pilgrimage sites, or to bathe in holy rivers.
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and if he/she draws blood, he/she should perform both arduous and lunary penance;
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State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India in the Nineteenth Century
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History of Dharmaśāstra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India
5213:
History of Dharmaśāstra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India
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History of Dharmaśāstra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India
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4246:, p. 60, "denotes an act or rite...intended for the destruction of sin."
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The earliest promotional works aimed at tourists from that era were called
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3708:(restraint of breath): a person does breath control exercises similar to
3667:
A man or woman who raises his/her hand should perform an arduous penance,
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3834: of truth, charity, patience, compassion, soft speech, soul.
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if she or he strikes, she or he should perform the very arduous penance,
3949:
3898:
are the second most discussed method in the Puranas, after the Tirtha.
3868:
3781:
3743:
3737:
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3431:
word which means "atonement, penance, expiation". In Hinduism, it is a
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Prāyaścitta is one of three sections that traditionally compose the
3673:
Therefore, a woman or man should neither raise hand nor draw blood.
4825:
Pilgrims in Hindu Holy Land: Sacred Shrines of the Indian Himalayas
3926:(knowledge) for redemption and return to a dharmic life. The term
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4784:
Krishan Sharma; Anil Kishore Sinha; Bijon Gopal Banerjee (2009).
4149:
4147:
4145:
3823:
3734:: reciting Vedic prayers, either audibly, inaudibly or mentally.
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1398:
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411:
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3830: like Benaras, Hardwar, Mount Kailash, holy rivers,
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4130:
3848:
The proper procedure for a pilgrimage is debated within the
515:
52:
4987:
4985:
3780:, but they are also found in the epic Mahabharata and the
3531:), and here it means "actions that destroy sins". A sin (
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4907:
4894:
4892:
4460:
4458:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4024:, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany
3609:
if one inhabits the space "where the Vedas, sacrifices (
3491:
Most sources state the word Prāyaścitta originates from
5301:
Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE
5037:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 85–86.
4166:
4164:
4162:
4181:
4179:
3548:
Some scholarly literature spell Prāyaścitta without
4070:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 2
5026:
5024:
3918:The Hindu Dharma texts such as Manusmriti assert
4488:
4432:
4387:
4375:
4358:
4346:
4045:
3802:
3659:
4349:, pp. 338 notes 11.1–2, 353–354, 356–382.
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4334:
4272:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
4153:
4109:
4033:
3395:
8:
5259:Dharmasutras: The Law Codes of Ancient India
5056:
5054:
3930:(literally, "following heat") is related to
5141:
4275:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 406.
4136:
4073:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 526.
3402:
3388:
31:
4417:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
3784:. Most Puranas include large sections on
4787:Anthropological Dimensions of Pilgrimage
4627:. Oxford University Press. p. 146.
5319:Ludo Rocher (2008). Gavin Flood (ed.).
5031:Guy Beck (2000). Amitai Etzioni (ed.).
4007:
3867:The concept of vratas date back to the
3828:Sthawar Tirtha is to a place immovable,
2279:Sources and classification of scripture
43:
4790:. Northern Book Centre. pp. 3–5.
5034:Repentance: A Comparative Perspective
4412:(1). Oxford University Press: 23–41.
3605:, asserts that one is not touched by
901:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
896:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
7:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5129:
5117:
5102:
5090:
5067:. Springer Science. pp. 44–45.
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4121:
3812:Jangam Tirtha is to a place movable,
3724:: a fire sacrifice accompanied with
5322:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism
4687:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 68.
4296:Mariam Dossal; Ruby Maloni (1999).
3832:Manas Tirtha is to a place of mind,
5241:. University of California Press.
4828:. Sessions Book Trust. p. 7.
4390:, pp. 195–197 with footnotes.
4302:. Popular Prakashan. p. 140.
4048:, pp. 195–198 with footnotes.
3613:), penance (prāyaścittas), truth (
25:
3552:as Prayascitta or Prayashchitta.
3369:
51:
4842:from the original on 2024-03-28
4804:from the original on 2024-03-28
4681:Jean Holm; John Bowker (1998).
4641:from the original on 2024-03-28
4087:from the original on 2023-02-02
3768:Pilgrimages (tīrthayātrā) to a
139:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
1:
3934:(literally, sorrow, regret).
3200:Other society-related topics:
891:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
4822:Geoffrey Waring Maw (1997).
4715:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
4406:The Journal of Hindu Studies
4269:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
4257:History of the Dharmaśāstras
4067:James G. Lochtefeld (2001).
3311:Hinduism and other religions
2108:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
5304:. Oxford University Press.
5283:. Oxford University Press.
5262:. Oxford University Press.
4361:, p. 338 notes 11.1–2.
3967:
3958:
3943:
3870:
3850:
3794:
3695:or penance. These include:
3503:implies destruction, while
3056:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
3028:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
756:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
700:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)
695:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
5376:
5238:The Classical Law of India
5064:Ethics or Moral Philosophy
3810:Tirtha are of three kinds,
3681:Sri Sri Ravishankar 2.1.17
2932:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
1612:Gurus, sants, philosophers
1548:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
736:Uparati (self-settledness)
5325:. John Wiley & Sons.
5298:Patrick Olivelle (2006).
5277:Patrick Olivelle (2005).
5256:Patrick Olivelle (1999).
5061:Guttorm Fløistad (2013).
3461:, and variations such as
3424:
2098:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
751:Samadhana (concentration)
615:Three paths to liberation
122:Tribal religions in India
107:Historical Vedic religion
102:Indus Valley Civilisation
4621:Ariel Glucklich (2008).
3633:Juvenile crimes and sins
927:, sacrifice, and charity
3805:Tirtha: Holy Pilgrimage
3105:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2318:Timeline of Hindu texts
2223:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
1251:Pumsavana Simantonayana
906:Śabda (word, testimony)
144:Epic-Puranic chronology
112:Dravidian folk religion
5235:Robert Lingat (1973).
5230:. Vol. 5, part 2.
5216:. Vol. 5, part 1.
4223:. Knopf. p. 421.
4220:Banaras: City of Light
3984:, the other two being
3976:Overlap with Vyavahāra
3938:Procedures for penance
3837:
3676:
3629:are joined together".
3070:Eighteen Greater Texts
2699:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
2128:Krishnananda Saraswati
1367:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
881:Pratyakṣa (perception)
741:Titiksha (forbearance)
4955:, pp. 37–39, 57.
4489:Patrick Olivelle 1999
4433:Patrick Olivelle 2006
4400:Olivelle, P. (2011).
4388:Patrick Olivelle 2006
4376:Patrick Olivelle 2006
4359:Patrick Olivelle 2005
4347:Patrick Olivelle 2005
4217:Diana L. Eck (2013).
4046:Patrick Olivelle 2006
3565:layer of text in the
3186:Varna-related topics:
3077:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2650:Devi Bhagavata Purana
1541:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
1527:Achintya Bheda Abheda
1459:Philosophical schools
761:Ahamkara (attachment)
721:Vairagya (dispassion)
649:Mokṣa-related topics:
3601:for example, states
3318:Hinduism and Jainism
2248:Vethathiri Maharishi
2153:Nisargadatta Maharaj
716:Viveka (discernment)
91:(500/200 BCE–300 CE)
5018:, pp. 739–740.
5006:, pp. 735–736.
4994:, pp. 734–736.
4874:, pp. 576–577.
4750:, pp. 567–569.
4671:, pp. 559–560.
4378:, pp. 178–180.
4337:, pp. 200–201.
3691:list many types of
3453:History and meaning
3376:Hinduism portal
3255:Hinduism by country
3091:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3035:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2118:Dayananda Saraswati
2103:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
2009:Sripada Srivallabha
1949:Raghunatha Siromani
1914:Narasimha Saraswati
1814:Santadas Kathiababa
886:Anumāṇa (inference)
5360:Ancient Indian law
5280:Manu's Code of Law
4967:, pp. 51, 57.
4774:, pp. 570–571
4419:10.1093/jhs/hir011
4335:Robert Lingat 1973
4154:Robert Lingat 1973
4110:Robert Lingat 1973
4034:Robert Lingat 1973
4020:2017-05-10 at the
3856:Prāyaścitta-tattva
3778:Yajnavalkya Smriti
3270:Caribbean Shaktism
2989:Kanakadhara Stotra
2238:U. G. Krishnamurti
2218:Satyadhyana Tirtha
1809:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1467:Six Astika schools
711:Ānanda (happiness)
690:Anātman (non-self)
5332:978-0-470-99868-7
5311:978-0-19-977507-1
5290:978-0-19-517146-4
5269:978-0-19-283882-7
5248:978-0-520-01898-3
5074:978-94-007-6895-6
5044:978-0-585-08074-1
4943:, pp. 38–41.
4916:, pp. 26–29.
4901:, pp. 28–29.
4835:978-1-85072-190-1
4797:978-81-89091-09-5
4694:978-0-8264-5303-7
4634:978-0-19-971825-2
4599:, pp. 55–56.
4587:, pp. 52–54.
4575:, pp. 51–52.
4563:, pp. 44–51.
4539:, pp. 42–43.
4515:, pp. 41–42.
4467:, pp. 78–82.
4452:, pp. 78–80.
4325:, pp. 61–63.
4309:978-81-7154-855-2
4282:978-0-8239-3179-8
4230:978-0-307-83295-5
4207:, pp. 59–61.
4173:, pp. 57–61.
4156:, pp. 54–56.
4124:, pp. 41–63.
4080:978-0-8239-3180-4
4036:, pp. 98–99.
3814: of a
3412:
3411:
3263:Balinese Hinduism
2762:Markandeya Purana
1999:Satyanatha Tirtha
1954:Raghuttama Tirtha
1944:Raghavendra Swami
1784:Ramdas Kathiababa
865:Sources of dharma
731:Dama (temperance)
726:Sama (equanimity)
92:
16:(Redirected from
5367:
5336:
5315:
5294:
5273:
5252:
5231:
5222:Kane, P. V.
5217:
5208:Kane, P. V.
5203:
5194:Kane, P. V.
5181:
5175:
5169:
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5157:
5156:, pp. 72–73
5151:
5145:
5142:Ludo Rocher 2008
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4259:Vol. 4 p. 38, 58
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4137:Ludo Rocher 2008
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3972:been completed.
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3579:Patrick Olivelle
3439:Vedic literature
3426:
3404:
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3390:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3334:and Christianity
3304:Pilgrimage sites
3234:Reform movements
3112:Vinayagar Agaval
3063:Five Great Epics
3012:Tamil literature
2911:Sushruta Samhita
2706:Bhavishya Purana
2692:Brahmanda Purana
2643:Bhagavata Purana
2571:Other scriptures
2133:Mahavatar Babaji
1708:Satyakama Jabala
1379:Ganesh Chaturthi
1233:Rites of passage
746:Shraddha (faith)
164:Major traditions
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2203:Sathya Sai Baba
2183:Ramana Maharshi
2087:
2054:Vadiraja Tirtha
2049:Vācaspati Miśra
1929:Srinivasacharya
1909:Narahari Tirtha
1889:Matsyendranatha
1874:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
1839:Jagannatha Dasa
1829:Haridasa Thakur
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1520:Vishishtadvaita
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1404:Makar Sankranti
1384:Vasant Panchami
1347:Maha Shivaratri
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706:Prajña (wisdom)
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553:Meaning of life
540:God in Hinduism
529:
493:
491:Supreme reality
468:Subtle elements
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5202:. Vol. 4.
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5144:, p. 107.
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4139:, p. 283.
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3982:Dharmashastras
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3207:Discrimination
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1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:Jayanta Bhatta
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1374:Raksha Bandhan
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Simantonnayana
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1205:Carnatic music
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Bhagavata Mela
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:Kundalini yoga
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
930:
929:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
876:
871:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
770:
767:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
697:
692:
687:
681:
680:
677:
674:
673:
668:
663:
658:
652:
651:
645:
644:
639:
636:
635:
630:
625:
619:
618:
613:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
587:
584:Stages of life
582:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
557:
556:
551:
548:
547:
545:God and gender
542:
537:
531:
530:
527:
524:
523:
518:
513:
512:
511:
506:
495:
494:
489:
486:
485:
480:
478:Gross elements
475:
470:
465:
459:
458:
455:
452:
451:
446:
440:
439:
436:
433:
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
353:
352:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
288:
279:
278:
268:
265:
264:
259:
254:
248:
247:
242:
239:
238:
233:
228:
222:
221:
216:
213:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
192:
189:
188:
183:
178:
173:
167:
166:
163:
160:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
134:Itihasa-Purana
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
80:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5372:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5334:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5138:
5135:
5132:, p. 119
5131:
5126:
5123:
5120:, p. 125
5119:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5105:, p. 124
5104:
5099:
5096:
5093:, p. 121
5092:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:, p. 57.
4978:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4928:, p. 27.
4927:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4853:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4818:
4815:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4617:
4614:
4611:, p. 561
4610:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4551:, p. 43.
4550:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4530:
4527:, p. 42.
4526:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4506:
4503:, p. 41.
4502:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4482:
4479:, p. 126
4478:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4426:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4188:, p. 57.
4187:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4112:, p. 55.
4111:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4011:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3908:Kaushikasutra
3901:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3883:(student) or
3882:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3843:
3842:Skanda Purana
3835:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:Dharmasastras
3684:
3682:
3674:
3664:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3556:Applicability
3555:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:sacred waters
3440:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3277:Hindu culture
3275:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:Organisations
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2953:Yoga Vasistha
2950:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:Natya Shastra
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2855:Brahma Sutras
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:Sthapatyaveda
2798:
2796:
2795:
2794:Gandharvaveda
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2755:Varaha Purana
2752:
2750:
2749:
2748:Skanda Purana
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:Brahma Purana
2682:
2680:
2679:
2678:Garuda Purana
2675:
2673:
2672:
2671:Matsya Purana
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:Vāmana Purana
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:Vishnu Purana
2633:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2580:Bhagavad Gita
2577:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:Radhakrishnan
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Narayana Guru
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Jaggi Vasudev
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Chinmayananda
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Ramprasad Sen
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Gorakshanatha
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Allama Prabhu
1762:
1760:
1759:Akka Mahadevi
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Abhinavagupta
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1558:Other schools
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1534:Shuddhadvaita
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1215:Kalaripayattu
1213:
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1029:Nritta-Nritya
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50:
49:
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42:
38:
34:
33:
29:Sanskrit word
27:
19:
18:Prayashchitta
5321:
5300:
5279:
5258:
5237:
5226:
5212:
5198:
5187:Bibliography
5180:, p. 75
5173:
5168:, p. 63
5161:
5149:
5137:
5125:
5098:
5063:
5033:
5011:
4999:
4972:
4960:
4948:
4921:
4879:
4867:
4855:
4844:. Retrieved
4824:
4817:
4806:. Retrieved
4786:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4712:
4709:Rocher, Ludo
4703:
4684:Sacred Place
4683:
4676:
4664:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4643:. Retrieved
4623:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4580:
4568:
4556:
4544:
4532:
4520:
4508:
4496:
4484:
4472:
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4383:
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4330:
4318:
4298:
4291:
4271:
4264:
4256:
4251:
4239:
4219:
4212:
4117:
4089:. Retrieved
4069:
4041:
4029:
4010:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3964:
3954:
3944:Laugākṣigṛha
3941:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3881:brahmacharya
3876:
3866:
3855:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3790:
3785:
3767:
3759:
3725:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3649:
3646:Pratyāmnāyas
3640:
3636:
3606:
3592:
3588:
3571:
3559:
3547:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3484:Mimamsasutra
3482:
3480:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3447:
3432:
3425:प्रायश्चित्त
3415:
3414:
3413:
3336: /
3332: /
3328: /
3324: /
3322:and Buddhism
3320: /
3284:Architecture
3247:Other topics
3185:
3168:
3140:Four varnas:
3139:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2925:Panchatantra
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2876:Nyāya Sūtras
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2834:Artha Śastra
2832:
2825:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2741:Kūrma Purana
2739:
2734:Linga Purana
2732:
2727:Shiva Purana
2725:
2718:
2713:Padma Purana
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2611:
2604:
2589:s (Hinduism)
2586:
2578:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2499:Atharvaveda:
2498:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2363:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2213:Shraddhanand
2188:Ravi Shankar
2168:R. D. Ranade
2029:Śyāma Śastri
2024:Swaminarayan
1984:Rupa Goswami
1894:Morya Gosavi
1854:Jiva Goswami
1754:Adi Shankara
1580:Pratyabhijña
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1311:Samavartanam
1291:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
1276:Annaprashana
1200:Dandiya Raas
1175:Mohiniyattam
1068:Nididhyāsana
1003:
873:Epistemology
805:Brahmacharya
685:Ātman (self)
648:
592:Brahmacharya
521:Saccidānanda
473:Panchikarana
349:
282:
273: /
269:Other major
193:
127:
126:
81:
26:
5355:Hindu texts
5178:Kane (1953)
5166:Kane (1953)
5154:Kane (1953)
5130:Kane (1953)
5118:Kane (1953)
5103:Kane (1953)
5091:Kane (1953)
4772:Kane (1953)
4713:The Puranas
4609:Kane (1953)
4477:Kane (1953)
4255:Kane, P.V.
4244:Kane (1953)
4015:Prāyaścitta
3965:While some
3764:Pilgrimages
3693:Prāyaścitta
3599:Mahabharata
3467:Prāyaścitti
3463:Prāyaścitti
3459:Prāyaścitta
3416:Prāyaścitta
3330:and Judaism
3326:and Sikhism
3294:Iconography
3219:Nationalism
3212:Persecution
2996:Shiva Stuti
2890:Yoga Sutras
2720:Agni Purana
2622:Other texts
2613:Mahabharata
2356:Atharvaveda
2253:Vivekananda
2178:Rama Tirtha
2173:Ramakrishna
2148:Nigamananda
2138:Mahesh Yogi
2014:Sripadaraja
2004:Siddheshwar
1899:Mukundarāja
1879:Madhusūdana
1869:Kanaka Dasa
1789:Chakradhara
1733:Yajnavalkya
1723:Vishvamitra
1592:Pancharatra
1490:Vaisheshika
1446:Ratha Yatra
1394:Janmashtami
1389:Rama Navami
1306:Ritushuddhi
1281:Chudakarana
1271:Nishkramana
1241:Garbhadhana
1210:Pandav Lila
1119:Bhakti yoga
1004:Prāyaścitta
775:Niti śastra
623:Bhakti yoga
602:Vānaprastha
417:Vishvakarma
350:Post-Vedic:
186:Vaishnavism
128:Traditional
5344:Categories
4846:2016-10-05
4808:2016-10-05
4645:2016-10-05
4091:2019-12-02
4003:References
3959:prāṇāyāmas
3914:Repentance
3774:Manusmriti
3583:Manusmriti
3170:Varna-less
3042:Tiruppukal
3003:Vayu Stuti
2967:Panchadasi
2960:Swara yoga
2848:Kama Sutra
2787:Dhanurveda
2447:Taittiriya
2425:Yajurveda:
2417:Kaushitaki
2394:Upanishads
2386:Upanishads
2310:Scriptures
2158:Prabhupada
2074:Vidyaranya
1959:Ram Charan
1934:Prabhākara
1849:Jayatīrtha
1799:Dadu Dayal
1794:Chāngadeva
1653:Bharadwaja
1643:Ashtavakra
1409:Kumbh Mela
1357:Durga Puja
1286:Karnavedha
1266:Nāmakaraṇa
1195:Yakshagana
1124:Karma yoga
1114:Jnana yoga
1109:Hatha yoga
1046:Meditation
1019:Tirthadana
800:Aparigraha
656:Paramātman
641:Liberation
633:Karma yoga
628:Jnana yoga
357:Dattatreya
157:Traditions
82:Historical
5350:Hindu law
5016:Kane 1962
5004:Kane 1962
4992:Kane 1962
4977:Kane 1958
4965:Kane 1958
4953:Kane 1953
4941:Kane 1958
4926:Kane 1958
4914:Kane 1958
4899:Kane 1958
4884:Kane 1953
4872:Kane 1953
4860:Kane 1953
4760:Kane 1953
4748:Kane 1953
4736:Kane 1953
4669:Kane 1953
4655:mahatmyas
4597:Kane 1953
4585:Kane 1953
4573:Kane 1953
4561:Kane 1953
4549:Kane 1953
4537:Kane 1953
4525:Kane 1953
4513:Kane 1953
4501:Kane 1953
4465:Kane 1953
4450:Kane 1953
4323:Kane 1953
4205:Kane 1953
4186:Kane 1953
4171:Kane 1953
4122:Kane 1953
3990:vyavahāra
3932:Paścatāpa
3885:grihastha
3706:Prāṇāyāma
3550:diacritic
3457:The term
3427:) is the
3344:Criticism
3338:and Islam
3299:Mythology
3152:Kshatriya
3084:Athichudi
3021:Tirumurai
2939:Tirumurai
2548:Vyākaraṇa
2484:Chandogya
2476:Samaveda:
2364:Divisions
2342:Yajurveda
2302:Ātmatuṣṭi
2258:Yogananda
2233:Trailanga
2228:Sivananda
2093:Aurobindo
2079:Vyasaraja
2044:Tyagaraja
1994:Sankardev
1964:Ramananda
1859:Jñāneśvar
1834:Harivansh
1819:Gaudapada
1779:Chaitanya
1718:Vashistha
1688:Patanjali
1668:Jamadagni
1587:Vaishnava
1575:Pashupata
1352:Navaratri
1329:Festivals
1296:Upanayana
1261:Jatakarma
1246:Pumsavana
1165:Kuchipudi
1160:Kathakali
1129:Rāja yoga
1063:Samādhāna
944:Prarthana
918:Practices
845:Svādhyāya
449:Mythology
444:Cosmology
437:Worldview
382:Kartikeya
313:Prajapati
252:Saraswati
5224:(1962).
5210:(1958).
5196:(1953).
4840:Archived
4802:Archived
4711:(1986).
4639:Archived
4085:Archived
4018:Archived
3950:Brahmins
3728:mantras.
3726:kusmanda
3655:Practice
3567:Samaveda
3563:Brahmana
3475:Aranyaka
3471:Brahmana
3429:Sanskrit
3421:Sanskrit
3357:Glossary
3289:Calendar
3224:Hindutva
3147:Brahmana
2818:samhitas
2810:Shastras
2780:Ayurveda
2771:Upavedas
2606:Ramayana
2597:Itihasas
2563:Jyotisha
2530:Vedangas
2514:Mandukya
2410:Aitareya
2402:Rigveda:
2381:Aranyaka
2376:Brahmana
2349:Samaveda
2064:Valluvar
2059:Vallabha
2039:Tulsidas
1969:Ramanuja
1919:Nayanars
1904:Namadeva
1741:Medieval
1683:Kashyapa
1599:Charvaka
1570:Kapalika
1434:Puthandu
1424:Vaisakhi
1321:Antyesti
1301:Keshanta
1225:Adimurai
1220:Silambam
1185:Sattriya
1170:Manipuri
855:Mitahara
835:Santosha
795:Achourya
607:Sannyasa
597:Gṛhastha
456:Ontology
430:Concepts
218:Trimurti
181:Smartism
176:Shaktism
171:Shaivism
45:Hinduism
37:a series
35:Part of
3928:Anutapa
3920:Anutapa
3782:Puranas
3744:Upavāsa
3607:adharma
3574:Smritis
3538:Adharma
3529:Upacita
3527:(as in
3521:Prayata
3362:Outline
3157:Vaishya
3125:Society
2976:Stotras
2627:Puranas
2553:Nirukta
2543:Chandas
2538:Shiksha
2521:Prashna
2507:Mundaka
2371:Samhita
2335:Rigveda
2198:Samarth
2034:Tukaram
1979:Ravidas
1713:Valmiki
1663:Jaimini
1633:Angiras
1628:Agastya
1620:Ancient
1506:Advaita
1500:Vedanta
1495:Mīmāṃsā
1475:Samkhya
1362:Ramlila
1104:Sādhanā
994:Tarpana
979:Kīrtana
974:Bhajana
925:Worship
850:Shaucha
825:Akrodha
671:Saṃsāra
535:Ishvara
504:Nirguna
499:Brahman
463:Tattvas
387:Krishna
372:Hanuman
367:Ganesha
303:Chandra
298:Ashvins
262:Parvati
257:Lakshmi
244:Tridevi
210:Deities
117:Śramaṇa
97:History
78:Origins
68:History
5329:
5308:
5287:
5266:
5245:
5071:
5041:
4832:
4794:
4719:
4691:
4651:Quote:
4631:
4306:
4279:
4227:
4077:
3968:smṛtis
3902:Śāntis
3896:Vratas
3871:Ṛgveda
3863:Vratas
3851:smṛtis
3795:smṛtis
3770:tīrtha
3754:Tirtha
3748:Vratas
3627:dharma
3623:ahimsa
3543:Dharma
3434:dharma
3162:Shudra
2980:stutis
2816:, and
2814:sutras
2468:Maitri
2193:Ramdas
2086:Modern
2019:Surdas
1884:Madhva
1804:Eknath
1774:Basava
1769:Alvars
1703:Raikva
1693:Pāṇini
1678:Kapila
1673:Kanada
1658:Gotama
1565:Shaiva
1513:Dvaita
1414:Pongal
1337:Diwali
1316:Vivaha
1180:Odissi
1155:Kathak
1094:Yogini
1058:Dhyana
1009:Tirtha
964:Bhakti
954:Temple
949:Śrauta
830:Arjava
790:Ahimsa
785:Niyama
768:Ethics
576:Moksha
561:Dharma
509:Saguna
407:Shakti
392:Kubera
338:Varuna
318:Pushan
231:Vishnu
226:Brahma
63:Hindus
3997:danda
3986:ācāra
3924:jnana
3877:Vrata
3820:rishi
3816:sadhu
3716:Tapas
3619:damah
3615:satya
3611:yajna
3595:karma
3535:) or
3517:citta
3505:citta
3501:Prāya
3497:citta
3493:Prāya
3179:Dalit
3132:Varna
3049:Kural
2587:Agama
2558:Kalpa
2454:Katha
2326:Vedas
2297:Ācāra
2292:Smṛti
2287:Śruti
2271:Texts
1864:Kabir
1728:Vyasa
1638:Aruni
1485:Nyaya
1439:Vishu
1419:Ugadi
1099:Asana
1084:Sadhu
1053:Tapas
1024:Matha
1014:Yatra
999:Vrata
984:Yajna
959:Murti
840:Tapas
815:Damah
810:Satya
780:Yamas
666:Karma
566:Artha
483:Guṇas
397:Radha
362:Durga
333:Ushas
328:Surya
323:Rudra
308:Indra
284:Vedic
275:Devis
271:Devas
236:Shiva
5327:ISBN
5306:ISBN
5285:ISBN
5264:ISBN
5243:ISBN
5069:ISBN
5039:ISBN
4830:ISBN
4792:ISBN
4717:ISBN
4689:ISBN
4629:ISBN
4304:ISBN
4277:ISBN
4225:ISBN
4075:ISBN
3988:and
3824:guru
3822:, a
3818:, a
3776:and
3738:Dāna
3732:Japa
3722:Homa
3710:yoga
3687:The
3625:and
3572:The
3533:pāpa
3525:Cita
3523:and
3515:and
3513:ayah
3495:and
3473:and
3193:Jāti
2978:and
2491:Kena
2440:Isha
1648:Atri
1480:Yoga
1429:Bihu
1399:Onam
1342:Holi
1142:Arts
1089:Yogi
1076:Yoga
1039:Sevā
1034:Dāna
989:Homa
969:Japa
939:Ārtī
934:Puja
860:Dāna
820:Dayā
678:Mind
661:Maya
571:Kama
412:Sita
402:Rama
377:Kali
343:Vayu
293:Agni
195:List
4414:doi
3746:or
3621:),
3509:pra
528:God
5346::
5110:^
5083:^
5053:^
5023:^
4984:^
4933:^
4906:^
4891:^
4838:.
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4408:.
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4193:^
4178:^
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4129:^
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4083:.
4053:^
3992:.
3962:.
3679:—
3569:.
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3423::
2812:,
516:Om
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5335:.
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5077:.
5047:.
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4233:.
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