627:, and used the boulders as part of a system spanning around the area, used for calendar tracking and survey functions. History professor K. R. Howe described Doutre as "a self-styled archaeo-astronomer’ who argues that certain configurations of stones in the New Zealand landscape are remnants of mathematically advanced astronomical devices built by ancient Celts who had links with the builders of Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid." Bruce Hayward, a Geological Society spokesman, says the boulders were formed in the ocean 70 million years ago and naturally pushed into the hills over time.
33:
365:
704:
718:
117:
554:
2441:
426:
into the 'Classic' Māori culture. This negated the need for pre-Māori settlement in models of prehistoric New
Zealand. Since this time archeology has become a more professional and scientifically rigorous practice and the model of Polynesians arriving in an uninhabited New Zealand and adapting to its
472:
Some conspiracy theorists have continued to speculate that what is now New
Zealand was discovered by Melanesians, Celts, Greeks, Egyptians or the Chinese, before the arrival of the Polynesian ancestors of the Māori. Some of these ideas have also been supported by politicians and media personalities.
95:
In recent times, a greater variety of speculation of New
Zealand's first settlers has occurred outside of academia. These ideas typically incorporate aspects of conspiracy theories as they are in opposition to the last 100 years of academic research. The common acceptance of these unsubstantiated
406:
from the late 19th century also theorised about pre-Māori settlement. Their work inspired theories that the Māori had displaced a more primitive pre-Māori population of
Moriori, in mainland New Zealand – and that the Chatham Island Moriori were the last remnant of this earlier race.
588:, observed "matching micro-irregularities along the joints." This indicated that the blocks in the wall were too perfectly matched. He also observed the joints were neither straight nor truly horizontal nor perpendicular, indicating the joint alignments were too poorly constructed.
536:
called them "wild speculation" that has been "thoroughly disposed of by academic specialists". Another historian, Vincent O'Malley, and the New
Zealand Archaeological Association regard the theories as having a racist or at least a political element, seeking to cast doubt on
444:
has clarified of the origin and dates of the earliest migrations, establishing firmly that Māori were the first people to settle New
Zealand, in line with Māori oral history. As far back as the 19th century, any claim to the contrary has been considered to be
76:, who once lived across all of New Zealand and were replaced by the Māori. While this claim was soon disproven by academics, it was widely and controversially incorporated into school textbooks during the 20th century, most notably in the
692:; in New Zealand, it is illegal to disturb or destroy an archaeological site, and can result in substantial fines and a criminal conviction. Hilliam died in September 2017, before any charges could be made.
1484:
469:. These are considered conspiracy theories because of their common allegation that Māori are fraudulently presenting themselves as indigenous peoples, and for their distortion of the historical record.
1453:
457:
claims until the 1960s that the
Moriori were the actual indigenous people of New Zealand, but had been violently replaced and exiled by Māori. The "Moriori myth" has spawned multiple other
269:
by digging up the many lakes and waterways and filling them with fish. He brought with him the ancestors of the groups Te Kāhui Tipua, Te Kāhui Roko, and Te Kāhui
Waitaha. According to Sir
242:
suggests might be a way to say he 'discovered' the island out of the blue, though the rest of the myth is very fanciful in saying parts of his canoe became different areas of both islands.
2046:
621:, Auckland have been argued by Martin Doutré in a self-published 1999 book to be artefacts left by a pre-Polynesian Celtic population, who according to the theory came to be known as the
391:(1885) suggested that Aryans from India migrated to southeast Asia and thence to the islands of the Pacific, including New Zealand. These ideas were often linked with the hypothesis that
1832:
528:
colonisation of New
Zealand, there is not a shred of evidence that the first human settlers were anything other than Polynesian", and Richard Hill, professor of New Zealand Studies at
584:
The wall formation was inspected by an anthropologist and a geologist; neither saw evidence of a human origin. In a preliminary investigation, anthropologist
Neville Ritchie of the
665:
that Hilliam, who has links to the far-right, had trespassed into a Māori urupā, or burial site, and taken several skulls, which he later described as being genetically similar to
2445:
998:
2357:
681:
denied this, and responded that "nobody knows anything about this.. we are not aware of any academic from the University of Edinburgh having contributed to this project."
614:." Both vertical and horizontal joints are common. Fractures in the Rangitaiki ignimbrite formed when it cooled and contracted after flowing into place during an eruption.
673:
peoples. Barrington also claimed that Hilliam had sent the skulls to "Edinburgh University", where an unnamed forensic pathologist had examined them. When contacted by
1863:"1 The Waitaha People – a Chinese colony that settled in New Zealand 2000 years ago. | The Lost Empire of Atlantis | 1421 | 1434 | Chinese Exploration | Gavin Menzies"
64:) has been accepted by archaeologists and anthropologists. Before that time and until the 1920s, however, a small group of prominent anthropologists proposed that the
1862:
569:, which some claim is a remnant of ancient human construction that the Māori could not have built because they did not build with stone in such a way. Several
541:
claims. Scott Hamilton in "No to Nazi Pseudo-history: an Open Letter" further explains objections to the theories of Bolton and Martin Doutré (and the website
2383:
2491:
892:
509:
by Maxwell C. Hill, Gary Cook and Noel Hilliam, which claims without evidence that New Zealand was discovered by explorers from ancient Egypt and Greece.
2254:
1025:
2332:
1806:
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2471:
1779:
591:
Ritchie concluded the blocks are a natural formation based on the presence of matching micro-irregularities in blocks and imperfect joint alignment.
2476:
478:
2306:
2280:
124:
Māori traditions speak of all manner of spirits, fairy folk, giants, and ogres living in parts of New Zealand when Māori arrived. The pale-skinned
1643:
1613:
2054:
1694:
585:
1935:
1840:
1736:
847:
226:
Other Māori traditions exclude the existence of other humans in New Zealand upon their arrival. A well-known story is how Māui fished up the
481:, is a high-profile proponent of pre-Māori settlement theories. An earlier proponent of the racist conspiracy theory of a pre-Polynesian
132:
are perhaps the most well-known, which Ngāti Kura, Ngāti Korakorako, and Ngāti Tūrehu are said to be sub-groupings of. In oral tradition,
688:
in the article, and for Hilliam insisting that he had found a "distinctively Welsh skull". Hiliam faced serious allegations of being a
945:
2486:
2422:
2188:
2038:
2021:
1604:
529:
2466:
277:, Rākaihautū did not go south at all, but rather his legend was brought down there. Some accounts may say he is an ancestor of
1379:
746:
685:
303:
before or at a similar time to Waitaha before merging with them, with other ancient tribal groupings possibly including the
80:. This theory subsequently spawned modern claims of a pre-Māori settlement of New Zealand by various ethnic groups, many
1987:
1753:
183:
were both contemporaries famous for exploring New Zealand before notable migration voyages began. The latter discovered
158:
17:
1184:
419:
308:
166:
294:
1669:
972:
1589:
731:
450:
441:
250:
77:
2076:
1420:
634:'stone city', the 'Waitapu Valley (Maunganui Bluff) solar observatory' including Puketapu hill and a mountain at
399:
372:
355:
2099:
1720:
1449:
831:
513:
502:
415:
hunting and beachcombing, were superseded by the Māori who introduced agriculture and lived in small villages.
2230:
2197:
871:
395:
were the first to occupy the islands of the Pacific Ocean and were later replaced by the Polynesian peoples.
1514:
678:
2461:
2235:
2202:
2123:
1135:
876:
611:
533:
454:
89:
32:
96:
theories has been used by prominent politicians and public figures to attack Māori politics and culture.
649:, a community newspaper, claiming evidence that a pre-Māori Celtic population existed in the modern-day
384:
297:, and Hāwea in some tellings. Hāwea might have alternatively been a different tribe that arrived on the
1051:
815:
598:, inspected the blocks for an afternoon and concluded they are natural fractures in what Wood termed "
1214:
618:
770:
1315:
1269:
920:
422:
and others overturned this hypothesis by showing the continuation and adaptation of the 'Archaic'
364:
793:
709:
204:
565:
A site frequently related by conspiracy theorists as evidence of pre-Polynesian settlers is the
321:
105:
532:, said in 2012, "Not one of has ever passed any remote academic scrutiny." Hugh Laracy of the
169:, Māui threw a giant to the sea and buried him underneath a mountain to create the area around
2418:
2184:
2034:
2017:
1968:
1909:
1732:
1375:
1365:
843:
751:
538:
458:
235:
150:
81:
2415:
The Quest for Origins – Who First Discovered and Settled New Zealand and the Pacific Islands?
1601:
2154:
1638:
1445:
1369:
736:
650:
603:
423:
408:
270:
239:
315:
286:
254:
1608:
654:
599:
566:
558:
466:
260:
170:
69:
37:
1106:
642:
and carvings found throughout the islands. Most of these ideas are propounded by Doutré.
53:
999:"TVNZ doco claiming Celts were here before Māori has been removed from OnDemand service"
630:
Other supposed structures and creations of pre-Polynesian settlers are described as the
1131:
723:
653:, thanks to the efforts of amateur archeologist Noel Hilliam. It was later reported by
631:
570:
494:
359:
278:
274:
196:
111:
2455:
2084:
1728:
839:
689:
684:
Barrington and Hilliam were largely ridiculed for their claims, particularly for the
446:
436:
231:
214:
85:
1286:
1991:
1960:
1757:
1564:
1240:
1080:
666:
516:
wrote in his history of New Zealand, "Despite a plethora of amateur theories about
486:
341:
318:
traditions, Toi's 'ancestor' Tīwakawaka was the first to settle the country aboard
266:
227:
146:
were similar in that they could not tolerate sunlight, so they lived in the ocean.
138:
taught weaving and net-making to the Māori, and could not come out during the day.
127:
717:
246:
154:
1833:"Did the Spanish or Chinese visit New Zealand before Polynesians? – The Listener"
1271:
The Maori As He Was: A Brief Account of Maori Life as it was in Pre-European Days
2128:
2080:
1265:
661:
595:
403:
392:
368:
116:
57:
49:
1395:
893:"The Moriori myth has enabled racism against Māori in Aotearoa for generations"
157:'s Te Tauraka Waka a Maui Marae is named in honour of a tradition stating that
40:
as representing the end-point of a long chain of island-hopping voyages in the
2333:"The white tangata whenua, and other bullshit from the 'One New Zealand' crew"
2255:"The white tangata whenua, and other bullshit from the 'One New Zealand' crew"
1807:"The white tangata whenua, and other bullshit from the 'One New Zealand' crew"
1052:"First peoples in Maori tradition: Patupaiarehe, Turehu and other inhabitants"
1026:"The white tangata whenua, and other bullshit from the 'One New Zealand' crew"
699:
639:
607:
578:
497:
race since ancient times". Other books presenting such theories have included
411:
echoed this idea, suggesting an early nomadic people, who subsisted mainly on
290:
61:
1972:
199:/ Kapara Te Hau to drown Te Kāhui Tipua – who were described as 'giants' or '
816:"Imagining Moriori: A history of ideas of a people in the twentieth century"
574:
553:
521:
517:
474:
162:
73:
1340:
1268:(1934). "Voyage of Kupe and Ngahue from Eastern Polynesia to New Zealand".
1192:
2440:
610:," and described as "330,000 year old volcanic rock that is common in the
1538:
1159:
635:
141:
2307:"Grave Robbers with Far-Right Links Are Stealing Ancestral Māori Skulls"
2281:"Grave Robbers with Far-Right Links Are Stealing Ancestral Māori Skulls"
797:
638:, a 'stone village' in the Tapapakanga Regional Park, and all manner of
485:
settlement of New Zealand was by white supremacist and Holocaust denier
36:
The mainstream view of the Polynesian settlement of New Zealand and the
1883:
1314:
Biggs, Bruce Grandison (1966). "Tradition". In McLintock, A. H. (ed.).
333:
282:
208:
190:
184:
65:
41:
784:
Shapiro, HL (1940). "The physical anthropology of the Maori-Moriori".
2050:
1988:"Kerry Bolton — a nut, or just a misunderstood Mormon/Satanist/Nazi?"
1754:"Kerry Bolton — a nut, or just a misunderstood Mormon/Satanist/Nazi?"
741:
645:
In 2017, journalist Mike Barrington published a lengthy piece in the
482:
462:
375:. The two most prominent academic proponents of pre-Māori settlement.
327:
220:
180:
461:
about a pre-Māori civilisation, many of which are considered openly
670:
552:
525:
380:
363:
304:
115:
31:
383:
migrations became popular and these were applied to New Zealand.
493:, he states that "Polynesia has been occupied by peoples of the
200:
176:
1374:(Second ed.). Wellington: Whitcombe and Tombs. p. 5.
557:
A natural outcrop of ignimbrite (Kaimanawa Wall), with regular
412:
1513:
Stephenson, Janet; Bauchop, Heather; Petchey, Peter (2004).
2358:"Source of amateur Northland historian's skulls questioned"
499:
The Great Divide: The Story of New Zealand & its Treaty
356:
Māori migration canoes § The "great fleet" hypothesis
2014:
The Great Divide: The Story of New Zealand and its Treaty
1592:, Wellington, New Zealand, reference number: 1/2-028237-F
512:
Historians and archaeologists dismiss any such theories.
165:
when he arrived in New Zealand. In a myth collected from
1485:"Te heke-o-nga-toko-toru. (The migration of the three.)"
596:
Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences at Wairakei
1454:"The Io Cult – early migration – puzzle of the canoes)"
18:
Pre-Maori settlement of New Zealand conspiracy theories
1639:
Page 4. 1880s–1970s: Moriori origins; the Great Fleet'
1215:"Horomaka or Te Pataka o Rakaihautū — Banks Peninsula"
84:
in nature. Today, such theories are considered to be
561:which are interpreted by some to be manmade.
27:
Pseudohistorical theories of New Zealand settlemsnt
872:"Historians rubbish claims of academic conspiracy"
449:due to a lack of evidence. In spite of this, the
326:, "but only his name is remembered". A man named
2047:"Book claims European explorers were here first"
431:Recent revivals of pre-Māori settlement theories
2384:"Northland historian passes away in Dargaville"
2155:"Ideas about Māori origins: The Kaimanawa Wall"
1780:"Seven foot tall pre-Māori disappear from TVNZ"
1274:. Wellington: N.Z.Dominion Museum. p. 22.
207:at the time. Both Kupe and Ngahue returned to
1320:. Wellington: Government Printer. p. 450
577:have concluded the formation to be a natural
72:represented a pre-Māori group of people from
8:
2446:Pre-Māori settlement of New Zealand theories
1565:"Canoe traditions: Canoes of the East Coast"
865:
863:
861:
859:
2100:"No to Nazi Pseudo-history: an Open Letter"
1137:The Maori-Polynesian comparative dictionary
622:
427:environment has not fundamentally changed.
339:
331:
319:
298:
258:
212:
188:
139:
133:
125:
56:) were the first ethnic group to settle in
2248:
2246:
1074:
1072:
2077:"Stoush over pre-Maori colonisers theory"
2033:. Taupiri: Ancient History Publications.
1285:Mitchell, Hilary; Mitchell, John (2005).
811:
809:
807:
281:through a daughter that stayed behind in
1602:K. R. Howe. p 2 'Ideas of Māori origins'
1309:
1307:
923:. New Zealand Archaeological Association
479:leader of the New Zealand National Party
187:, the former introduced the first dogs (
2148:
2146:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2016:. Auckland: Howling at the Moon. 2012.
1644:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1614:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
762:
1936:"Debunking the myth about the Moriori"
1695:"Academic conspiracy claims rubbished"
1515:"Bannockburn Heritage Landscape Study"
586:New Zealand Department of Conservation
346:back to the new lands with the canoe.
1588:Photograph by kind permission of the
1489:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
1458:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
1287:"Te Tau Ihu tribes: Early Traditions"
1160:"Te Rūnanga o Makaawhio contact page"
870:Rebecca Quilliam (27 December 2012).
786:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
379:During the 19th century, ideas about
265:was the first man to set foot in the
120:Statue of the legendary explorer Kupe
7:
2216:
2124:"A New Age Myth: the Kaimanawa Wall"
1884:"History in the Making | NZCPR Site"
1656:
1626:
1050:Royal, Te Ahukaramū Charles (2005).
940:
938:
915:
913:
826:
824:
48:Since the early 1900s the fact that
2098:Scott Hamilton (18 November 2008).
1986:Barrie Sargeant (2 December 2004).
1752:Barrie Sargeant (2 December 2004).
1241:"Canoe traditions: Greenstone adze"
338:, and returned to Hawaiki. He sent
211:, though Ngahue came back with the
2492:Conspiracy theories in New Zealand
2183:. Auckland: Dé Danann Publishers.
1725:The Penguin History of New Zealand
1345:Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1291:Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1245:Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
836:The Penguin History of New Zealand
581:outcrop formed 330,000 years ago.
25:
2159:Te Ara Enyclopedia of New Zealand
1934:Mulligan, Jesse (9 August 2018).
1569:Te Ara Enyclopedia of New Zealand
1085:Te Ara Enyclopedia of New Zealand
1056:Te Ara Enyclopedia of New Zealand
772:The Early History of the Morioris
617:Boulders originally on a hill in
530:Victoria University of Wellington
2482:Medieval international relations
2472:Exploration of the Pacific Ocean
2439:
1967:. Petone: Realist Publications.
818:, Jacinta Blank, MA Thesis, 2007
716:
702:
465:and are closely associated with
285:, who himself is an ancestor of
2477:Ancient international relations
2331:Hamilton, Scott (22 May 2017).
2253:Hamilton, Scott (22 May 2017).
2231:"Call to save hilltop boulders"
2198:"Call to save hilltop boulders"
2053:. 23 March 2012. Archived from
1805:Hamilton, Scott (22 May 2017).
1396:"Kōrero Tuku Iho – Our History"
1024:Hamilton, Scott (22 May 2017).
946:"Don Brash – Ragging on Te Reo"
686:forensic facial reconstructions
1990:. Fightdemback. Archived from
1908:Keir, Bill (31 January 2007).
1756:. Fightdemback. Archived from
769:See 1904 paper by A. Shand on
747:Natural history of New Zealand
442:Modern New Zealand archaeology
1:
2305:McClure, Tess (18 May 2017).
2279:McClure, Tess (18 May 2017).
2229:Wayne Thompson (6 May 2009).
2196:Wayne Thompson (6 May 2009).
891:Doyle, Jacob (17 June 2020).
1140:. Wellington: Lyon and Blair
520:, South American, Egyptian,
92:by scholars and historians.
1219:Christchurch City Libraries
1107:"Flax – the enduring fibre"
1081:"Patupaiarehe and ponaturi"
167:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
60:(first proposed by Captain
2508:
2413:Howe, K (6 October 2003).
2181:Ancient Celtic New Zealand
1590:Alexander Turnbull Library
1317:Maori Myths and Traditions
732:Archaeology of New Zealand
543:Ancient Celtic New Zealand
451:New Zealand School Journal
434:
353:
350:Early European speculation
330:took Toi's own canoe, the
109:
103:
2122:Ritchie, Neville (1996).
1450:Grace, John Te Herekiekie
1189:Westland District Council
921:"Alternative Archaeology"
371:with fellow ethnographer
2487:Historical controversies
2102:. Scoop Review of Books.
2031:To the Ends of the Earth
2029:Maxwell C. Hill (2012).
1425:University of Canterbury
1079:Wikaira, Martin (2007).
973:"Moriori myth corrected"
507:To the Ends of the Earth
155:Kāti Māhaki ki Makaawhio
2417:. Penguin Books Press.
1910:"Agenda-driven history"
1563:Rāwiri, Taonui (2005).
1483:Graham, George (1922).
1371:The Coming of the Maori
1239:Taonui, Rāwiri (2005).
679:University of Edinburgh
489:. In his 1987 pamphlet
418:Starting in the 1920s,
2467:History of New Zealand
2236:The New Zealand Herald
2203:The New Zealand Herald
2179:Martin Doutré (1999).
1339:Tapsell, Paul (2005).
1164:Te Rūnanga o Makaawhio
1111:New Zealand Geographic
877:The New Zealand Herald
623:
562:
534:University of Auckland
376:
340:
332:
320:
299:
259:
213:
189:
140:
134:
126:
121:
45:
556:
367:
295:Ngāti Rāhiri Tumutumu
245:In the traditions of
119:
104:Further information:
100:Māori oral traditions
35:
2448:at Wikimedia Commons
2153:Howe, K. R. (2005).
1607:3 April 2019 at the
505:, a journalist, and
161:landed his canoe in
2087:. 28 December 2012.
2057:on 22 February 2013
1659:, pp. 166–178.
1341:"Te Arawa: Origins"
1105:Hindmarsh, Gerard.
612:Taupō Volcanic Zone
594:Peter Wood, of the
459:conspiracy theories
1647:, updated 9 Nov 12
1617:, updated 9 Nov 12
1400:Te Taumutu Rūnanga
710:New Zealand portal
647:Northland Advocate
563:
549:Claims of evidence
467:white supremacists
377:
122:
46:
2444:Media related to
1965:Lords of the Soil
1738:978-0-14-301867-4
952:. 2 December 2017
950:Radio New Zealand
849:978-0-14-301867-4
752:Pseudoarchaeology
539:Waitangi Tribunal
491:Lords of the Soil
219:after a war with
16:(Redirected from
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2443:
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2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2044:
2027:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1994:on 14 April 2013
1983:
1977:
1976:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1925:
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1922:
1920:
1905:
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1896:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1839:. Archived from
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1786:. 15 August 2018
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1760:on 14 April 2013
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1253:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1191:. Archived from
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1128:
1122:
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1005:. 20 August 2018
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792:(1(193)): 1–15.
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651:Northland Region
626:
447:pseudohistorical
409:Julius von Haast
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145:
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86:pseudohistorical
52:(who became the
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1701:. 30 March 2024
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979:. 19 March 2011
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551:
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398:The writing of
389:The Aryan Maori
362:
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322:Te Aratauwhāiti
261:Uruaokapuarangi
171:Banks Peninsula
114:
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106:Māori mythology
102:
70:Chatham Islands
38:Chatham Islands
28:
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385:Edward Tregear
360:Thor Heyerdahl
351:
348:
283:Te Patunuioāio
236:Te Rangi Hīroa
197:Lake Grassmere
195:) and created
112:Ui-te-Rangiora
101:
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82:conspiratorial
78:School Journal
68:people of the
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1889:
1888:www.nzcpr.com
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1843:on 9 May 2019
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1629:, p. 34.
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1539:"Ancient Iwi"
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743:
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737:Māori history
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473:For example,
470:
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443:
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437:Pseudohistory
430:
428:
425:
424:Māori culture
421:
420:H. D. Skinner
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271:Āpirana Ngata
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253:descendants,
252:
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240:Ngāti Mutunga
237:
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232:Pacific Ocean
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42:South Pacific
39:
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2392:. Retrieved
2387:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2361:
2352:
2340:. Retrieved
2336:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:
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2288:. Retrieved
2284:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:
2234:
2224:
2212:
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2180:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2158:
2133:. Retrieved
2127:
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2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2055:the original
2030:
2013:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1981:
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1887:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:the original
1836:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1747:
1724:
1721:Michael King
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1652:
1642:
1634:
1622:
1612:
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1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:
1488:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1461:
1457:
1446:Ngata, A. T.
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:
1421:"Rākaihautū"
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1390:
1370:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1316:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:
1280:
1270:
1266:Best, Elsdon
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1188:
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1136:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
981:. Retrieved
976:
967:
954:. Retrieved
949:
925:. Retrieved
900:. Retrieved
896:
886:
875:
835:
832:Michael King
789:
785:
779:
771:
765:
690:grave robber
683:
674:
660:
655:
646:
644:
629:
624:patupaiarehe
616:
593:
590:
583:
564:
542:
514:Michael King
511:
506:
501:, (2012) by
498:
490:
487:Kerry Bolton
471:
440:
417:
397:
388:
378:
313:
289:, Te Kāhea,
267:South Island
244:
228:North Island
225:
203:' living in
175:
148:
135:patupaiarehe
128:patupaiarehe
123:
94:
47:
29:
2337:The Spinoff
2129:NZ Skeptics
2081:Stuff.co.nz
2061:13 February
1998:13 February
1914:NZ Skeptics
1811:The Spinoff
1764:13 February
1185:"Bruce Bay"
1030:The Spinoff
1009:16 December
983:16 December
956:15 December
927:12 February
662:The Spinoff
640:petroglyphs
503:Ian Wishart
477:, formerly
455:negationist
404:Elsdon Best
400:Percy Smith
393:Melanesians
373:Percy Smith
369:Elsdon Best
275:Ngāti Porou
230:out of the
205:Marlborough
90:negationist
58:New Zealand
50:Polynesians
2456:Categories
2259:TheSpinoff
1919:2 February
1893:2 February
1868:2 February
1847:2 February
1381:0723304084
1035:3 November
962:Time=30:20
758:References
619:Silverdale
608:Ignimbrite
604:Rangitaiki
579:ignimbrite
575:geologists
559:joint sets
522:Phoenician
518:Melanesian
445:inherently
435:See also:
354:See also:
316:Ngāi Tūhoe
287:Kāti Māmoe
255:Rākaihautū
110:See also:
62:James Cook
2388:NZ Herald
2362:NZ Herald
2217:Howe 2003
1973:154233606
1699:NZ Herald
1657:Howe 2003
1627:Howe 2003
1543:Ngāi Tahu
1368:(1976) .
669:or other
475:Don Brash
300:Kapakitua
247:Ngāi Tahu
163:Bruce Bay
149:In south
74:Melanesia
2394:30 March
2368:30 March
2342:30 March
2316:30 March
2290:30 March
1963:(1987).
1945:13 March
1816:30 March
1790:30 March
1723:(1994).
1705:30 March
1679:30 March
1605:Archived
1448:(1950).
1134:(1891).
834:(1994).
798:20702788
696:See also
636:Hokianga
495:Europoid
483:European
328:Kahukura
234:, which
151:Westland
142:Ponaturi
2406:Sources
2264:30 June
2164:28 June
2135:28 June
1831:Noted.
1670:"Stuff"
1574:28 June
1548:28 June
1523:12 June
1498:28 June
1468:28 June
1452:(ed.).
1430:28 June
1405:28 June
1350:12 June
1324:11 June
1296:12 June
1250:12 June
1224:11 June
1199:13 June
1169:13 June
1144:13 June
1116:13 June
1090:28 June
1061:28 June
902:8 March
632:Waipoua
600:Jointed
334:Horouta
309:Rapuwai
291:Ngāpuhi
257:of the
251:Waitaha
209:Hawaiki
185:pounamu
66:Moriori
2421:
2187:
2051:3 News
2037:
2020:
1971:
1735:
1378:
846:
796:
742:Moehau
677:, the
671:Celtic
526:Celtic
463:racist
358:, and
342:kūmara
221:Uenuku
181:Ngahue
1837:Noted
1518:(PDF)
1464:: 338
1003:Stuff
977:Stuff
897:Stuff
794:JSTOR
667:Welsh
453:made
381:Aryan
305:Maero
215:Arawa
201:ogres
54:Māori
2419:ISBN
2396:2024
2370:2024
2344:2024
2318:2024
2311:Vice
2292:2024
2285:Vice
2266:2020
2185:ISBN
2166:2020
2137:2020
2063:2013
2035:ISBN
2018:ISBN
2000:2013
1969:OCLC
1947:2022
1921:2019
1895:2019
1870:2019
1849:2019
1818:2024
1792:2024
1766:2013
1733:ISBN
1707:2024
1681:2024
1576:2020
1550:2020
1525:2020
1500:2020
1493:XXXI
1470:2020
1432:2020
1407:2020
1376:ISBN
1352:2020
1326:2020
1298:2020
1252:2020
1226:2020
1201:2020
1171:2020
1146:2020
1118:2020
1092:2020
1063:2020
1037:2021
1011:2018
985:2018
958:2018
929:2013
904:2023
844:ISBN
790:XLIX
675:Vice
659:and
656:Vice
573:and
524:and
402:and
307:and
191:kurī
179:and
177:Kupe
159:Māui
88:and
1940:RNZ
1784:RNZ
1462:LIX
545:).
413:moa
387:'s
314:In
279:Toi
273:of
249:'s
238:of
2458::
2386:.
2360:.
2335:.
2309:.
2283:.
2257:.
2245:^
2233:.
2200:.
2157:.
2145:^
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