164:
359:
36:
299:, and which are more likely to progress to cancer than normal tissue. Precancerous conditions and lesions affect a variety of organ systems, including the skin, oral cavity, stomach, colon, lung, and hematological system. Some authorities also refer to hereditary genetic conditions which predispose to developing cancer, such as
338:
In most cases, many risk factors for precancerous conditions and lesions are the same risk factors that determines individuals vulnerable to a specific cancer. For example, individuals with cervical or anal infection with oncogenic, or cancer causing, strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV) are at
343:
as well as skin cancer. Smoking is a risk factor for premalignant (as well as malignant) lung lesions. Hereditary conditions that are risk factors to cancer can also be risk factors to premalignant lesions. However, in many cases, precancerous conditions or lesions can be sporadic and idiopathic in
311:
The signs and symptoms of precancerous conditions differ based on the organ affected. In many cases, individuals with precancerous conditions do not notice any symptoms. Precancerous conditions of the skin or oral cavity can appear as visible lesions without associated pain or discomfort, while
339:
higher risk for cervical and anal cancers, as well as for cervical and anal dysplasia. Similarly, sun or especially UV exposure is an important risk factor for both actinic keratosis which can progress into
220:. Clinically, precancerous conditions encompass a variety of abnormal tissues with an increased risk of developing into cancer. Some of the most common precancerous conditions include certain
344:
nature, meaning that they are not associated with a hereditary genetic risk factor to the particular cancer, nor with a direct causative agent or other identifiable cause.
886:
317:
706:"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM): novel biological insights and development of early treatment strategies"
271:, which is a noninvasive cancer that has not grown and spread to nearby tissue, unlike the invasive stage. As with other precancerous conditions, not all
680:
653:
518:
300:
753:
53:
481:
249:
100:
394:
occurs in premalignant lesions, and that the nature of the first immune response to these lesions may determine if they progress to
303:, as a precancerous condition, as individuals with these conditions have a much higher risk of developing cancer in certain organs.
119:
72:
1475:
374:. It is thought that cancer is always preceded by a clinically silent premalignant phase during which many oncogenic genetic and
969:
894:
79:
57:
1790:
1867:
1393:
86:
1095:
1821:
68:
163:
46:
1615:
1323:
443:
151:
1146:"Elevated T cell repertoire diversity is associated with progression of lung squamous cell premalignant lesions"
998:"Immunogenicity of premalignant lesions is the primary cause of general cytotoxic T lymphocyte unresponsiveness"
1650:
1608:
1436:
578:
438:
390:, disease site to site and from individual to individual. Increasing evidence suggests that the evasion of the
292:
237:
1195:"Molecular subtyping reveals immune alterations associated with progression of bronchial premalignant lesions"
1743:
1707:
1645:
461:
1748:
498:
426:
1800:
1781:
1047:"Review: the Contribution of both Nature and Nurture to Carcinogenesis and Progression in Solid Tumours"
513:
321:
320:, it may only rarely cause numbness and tingling in the hands and feet or difficulty with balance (see:
295:). Premalignant lesions are morphologically atypical tissue which appear abnormal when viewed under the
1250:
675:
673:
263:, a collection of highly abnormal cells which, in some cases, has an increased risk of progressing to
1753:
1598:
1588:
1468:
1206:
1350:
Arya M, Kalsi J, Kelly J, Muneer A (March 2013). "Malignant and premalignant lesions of the penis".
93:
1640:
1572:
486:
1733:
1375:
1305:
1126:
548:
503:
259:, which are tumors which don't invade neighboring normal tissues or spread to distant organs, to
241:
779:"Detecting the Presence and Progression of Premalignant Lung Lesions via Airway Gene Expression"
628:
573:
417:
267:
and invasive cancer which is life-threatening. Sometimes, the term "precancer" is also used for
996:
Willimsky G, CzĂŠh M, Loddenkemper C, Gellermann J, Schmidt K, Wust P, et al. (July 2008).
1862:
1836:
1826:
1738:
1552:
1367:
1297:
1232:
1175:
1118:
1076:
1027:
951:
868:
808:
735:
412:
358:
268:
187:
155:
1725:
1603:
1359:
1287:
1222:
1214:
1165:
1157:
1110:
1066:
1058:
1017:
1009:
941:
931:
858:
848:
798:
790:
725:
717:
568:
333:
233:
1094:
Mascaux C, Angelova M, Vasaturo A, Beane J, Hijazi K, Anthoine G, et al. (July 2019).
1841:
1816:
1461:
1453:
245:
1193:
Beane JE, Mazzilli SA, Campbell JD, Duclos G, Krysan K, Moy C, et al. (April 2019).
777:
Beane J, Mazzilli SA, Tassinari AM, Liu G, Zhang X, Liu H, et al. (September 2017).
283:
The term precancerous or premalignant condition may refer to certain conditions, such as
1210:
1763:
1721:
1227:
1194:
1170:
1145:
1144:
Maoz A, Merenstein C, Koga Y, Potter A, Gower AC, Liu G, et al. (September 2021).
1071:
1046:
1022:
997:
946:
919:
863:
836:
803:
778:
730:
705:
590:
558:
553:
353:
213:
17:
1856:
1567:
1130:
471:
466:
391:
1379:
1508:
1309:
256:
225:
794:
1441:
721:
362:
Stepwise progression from normal tissue to precancerous lesion to invasive cancer
1831:
1771:
1630:
1593:
1516:
562:
508:
476:
375:
366:
The pathophysiology of precancerous lesions is thought to be similar to that of
288:
221:
35:
1218:
1776:
1625:
1562:
1526:
1292:
1275:
1114:
1062:
379:
313:
296:
171:
1161:
1096:"Immune evasion before tumour invasion in early lung squamous carcinogenesis"
853:
1795:
1681:
1666:
1547:
1531:
272:
264:
260:
179:
147:
1371:
1301:
1236:
1179:
1122:
1080:
1031:
955:
872:
812:
739:
936:
1785:
1676:
1635:
1620:
1493:
1485:
1013:
340:
192:
1428:
1686:
1671:
291:(colon polyps), which have the potential to progress into cancer (see:
1363:
920:"Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: A review of diagnosis and management"
1557:
1489:
395:
387:
383:
371:
367:
217:
209:
887:"MGUS - MGUS Multiple Myeloma - MGUS Myeloma -Monoclonal Gammopathy"
275:
in situ will become an invasive disease but is at risk of doing so.
357:
205:
1521:
623:
621:
605:
284:
229:
175:
1457:
216:
which are associated with an increased risk of developing into
29:
418:
Bowen's disease (intraepidermal carcinoma/squamous carcinoma
370:, and also varies depending on the disease site and type of
549:
cervical dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, CIN)
835:
Yardimci G, Kutlubay Z, Engin B, Tuzun Y (December 2014).
27:
Condition or cell change indicating increased cancer risk
382:. The duration of this premalignant phase can vary from
1418:
1809:
1762:
1720:
1695:
1659:
1581:
1540:
1507:
1500:
1422:
255:Pathologically, precancerous tissue can range from
186:
142:
137:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
230:monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
178:, a precancerous condition of the uterine cervix.
146:Premalignant condition, precancer, premalignancy,
248:. Bronchial premalignant lesions can progress to
1394:"Bladder Cancer Staging | Bladder Cancer Stages"
704:Korde N, Kristinsson SY, Landgren O (May 2011).
654:"Precancerous conditions of the colon or rectum"
918:Roberts JR, Siekas LL, Kaz AM (February 2017).
514:Plummer-Vinson syndrome (sideropenic dysphagia)
316:are typically asymptomatic, and in the case of
1469:
606:monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance
318:monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance
285:monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance
8:
1504:
1476:
1462:
1454:
1419:
924:World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
681:"Precancerous conditions of the esophagus"
378:alterations accumulate before it is truly
176:high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
162:
134:
1291:
1226:
1169:
1070:
1021:
970:"Actinic keratosis - Symptoms and causes"
945:
935:
862:
852:
802:
729:
519:hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
301:hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
754:"Precancerous conditions of the cervix"
617:
554:vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm (VAIN)
1276:"Oral cancer and precancerous lesions"
1345:
1343:
991:
989:
837:"Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa"
7:
1002:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
913:
911:
891:Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1280:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
1150:Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
482:proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
250:squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
574:Bowen's disease (penile or vulvar)
25:
287:, or to certain lesions, such as
1274:Neville BW, Day TA (July 2002).
629:"NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms"
34:
841:World Journal of Clinical Cases
312:precancerous conditions of the
45:needs additional citations for
538:Bronchial premalignant lesions
1:
1791:Clonally transmissible cancer
795:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2540
398:or regress to normal tissue.
722:10.1182/blood-2011-01-270140
1884:
1822:Index of oncology articles
1219:10.1038/s41467-019-09834-2
351:
331:
244:, which can progress into
232:, which can progress into
224:, which can progress into
1324:"What Is Vaginal Cancer?"
1293:10.3322/canjclin.52.4.195
1115:10.1038/s41586-019-1330-0
1063:10.1007/s12307-016-0183-4
1045:Hyndman IJ (April 2016).
633:National Cancer Institute
444:lobular carcinoma in situ
170:
161:
1162:10.1136/jitc-2021-002647
854:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.866
783:Clinical Cancer Research
579:erythroplasia of Queyrat
439:ductal carcinoma in situ
293:Malignant transformation
238:myelodysplastic syndrome
152:intraepithelial neoplasm
69:"Precancerous condition"
1744:Prostate cancer staging
1708:Paraneoplastic syndrome
1051:Cancer Microenvironment
758:Canadian cancer society
685:Canadian cancer society
658:Canadian cancer society
462:oral submucous fibrosis
1782:Tumor suppressor genes
1749:Gleason grading system
1703:Precancerous condition
427:dyskeratosis congenita
363:
202:precancerous condition
138:Precancerous condition
18:Premalignant condition
1801:Carcinogenic bacteria
1541:Malignant progression
1199:Nature Communications
937:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i2.50
361:
322:peripheral neuropathy
1754:Dukes classification
1014:10.1084/jem.20072016
472:lichen planus (oral)
451:Small duct papilloma
314:hematological system
54:improve this article
1868:Medical terminology
1573:Sentinel lymph node
1251:"Actinic Keratosis"
1211:2019NatCo..10.1856B
499:Barrett's esophagus
487:stomatitis nicotina
448:Sclerosing adenosis
212:involving abnormal
1621:Respiratory system
591:bladder carcinoma
523:Ulcerative colitis
504:atrophic gastritis
456:Head and neck/oral
364:
307:Signs and symptoms
289:colorectal adenoma
242:cervical dysplasia
1850:
1849:
1837:Cancer and nausea
1716:
1715:
1553:Carcinoma in situ
1451:
1450:
1364:10.1136/bmj.f1149
1109:(7766): 570â575.
789:(17): 5091â5100.
716:(21): 5573â5581.
413:actinic keratosis
269:carcinoma in situ
257:benign neoplasias
198:
197:
156:carcinoma in situ
132:Medical condition
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1875:
1651:Endocrine system
1616:Digestive system
1505:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1420:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1295:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1008:(7): 1687â1700.
993:
984:
983:
981:
980:
966:
960:
959:
949:
939:
915:
906:
905:
903:
902:
893:. Archived from
883:
877:
876:
866:
856:
832:
817:
816:
806:
774:
768:
767:
765:
764:
750:
744:
743:
733:
701:
695:
694:
692:
691:
677:
668:
667:
665:
664:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
625:
569:lichen sclerosus
493:Gastrointestinal
334:Causes of cancer
234:multiple myeloma
204:is a condition,
166:
135:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1805:
1758:
1712:
1691:
1655:
1577:
1536:
1496:
1482:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1431:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1044:
1043:
1039:
995:
994:
987:
978:
976:
968:
967:
963:
917:
916:
909:
900:
898:
885:
884:
880:
847:(12): 866â872.
834:
833:
820:
776:
775:
771:
762:
760:
752:
751:
747:
703:
702:
698:
689:
687:
679:
678:
671:
662:
660:
652:
651:
647:
638:
636:
627:
626:
619:
614:
602:
587:
545:
533:
526:Crohn's disease
495:
458:
435:
409:
404:
356:
350:
348:Pathophysiology
336:
330:
309:
281:
246:cervical cancer
133:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1764:Carcinogenesis
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1646:Nervous system
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1609:nasopharyngeal
1606:
1601:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:Classification
1416:
1415:External links
1413:
1410:
1409:
1398:www.cancer.org
1385:
1339:
1328:www.cancer.org
1315:
1286:(4): 195â215.
1266:
1255:skincancer.org
1242:
1185:
1156:(9): e002647.
1136:
1086:
1037:
985:
961:
907:
878:
818:
769:
745:
696:
669:
645:
616:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
601:
598:
597:
596:
586:
583:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
559:anal dysplasia
556:
551:
544:
541:
540:
539:
531:
528:
527:
524:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
494:
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469:
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457:
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452:
449:
446:
441:
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431:
430:
429:
424:
415:
408:
405:
403:
400:
354:Carcinogenesis
352:Main article:
349:
346:
332:Main article:
329:
326:
308:
305:
280:
279:Classification
277:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
168:
167:
159:
158:
144:
140:
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131:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1880:
1869:
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1843:
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1727:
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1719:
1709:
1706:
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1701:
1700:
1698:
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1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:oropharyngeal
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:Head and neck
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Primary tumor
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1509:Benign tumors
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1459:
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1425:
1421:
1414:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
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1003:
999:
992:
990:
986:
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971:
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962:
957:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
912:
908:
897:on 2017-07-10
896:
892:
888:
882:
879:
874:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
819:
814:
810:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
773:
770:
759:
755:
749:
746:
741:
737:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
700:
697:
686:
682:
676:
674:
670:
659:
655:
649:
646:
634:
630:
624:
622:
618:
611:
607:
604:
603:
600:Hematological
599:
595:
594:
589:
588:
584:
580:
577:
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226:colon cancer
222:colon polyps
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52:Please help
47:verification
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1832:Cancer pain
1772:Cancer cell
1517:Hyperplasia
1205:(1): 1856.
974:Mayo Clinic
563:anal cancer
561:(also see:
532:Respiratory
509:colon polyp
477:leukoplakia
143:Other names
1857:Categories
1777:Carcinogen
1641:Urogenital
1582:Topography
1563:Metastasis
1527:Pseudocyst
1501:Conditions
1403:2018-03-28
1333:2018-03-28
1260:2018-03-19
979:2018-03-28
901:2018-03-28
763:2018-03-19
690:2018-03-19
663:2018-03-19
639:2018-03-28
612:References
585:Urological
376:epigenetic
297:microscope
172:Micrograph
110:March 2021
80:newspapers
1796:Oncovirus
1786:oncogenes
1739:Ann Arbor
1682:Papilloma
1667:Carcinoma
1660:Histology
1604:laryngeal
1548:Dysplasia
1532:Hamartoma
1358:: f1149.
1131:195657244
380:malignant
341:melanomas
273:carcinoma
265:anaplasia
261:dysplasia
188:Specialty
180:Pap stain
148:dysplasia
1863:Oncology
1817:Research
1677:Blastoma
1494:oncology
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402:Examples
193:Oncology
1827:History
1726:grading
1722:Staging
1687:Adenoma
1672:Sarcoma
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1558:Cancer
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372:lesion
368:cancer
328:Causes
218:cancer
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1696:Other
1636:Blood
1376:S2CID
1306:S2CID
1127:S2CID
1099:(PDF)
710:Blood
214:cells
206:tumor
101:JSTOR
87:books
1842:Diet
1631:Skin
1626:Bone
1594:oral
1522:Cyst
1492:and
1437:MeSH
1368:PMID
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736:PMID
407:Skin
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1734:TNM
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