135:
686:
38:
555:
330:, leading to criticism from members of Parliament, financial experts and holders of bonds; many claimed Premium Bonds were now "worthless", and somebody with £30,000 invested and "average luck" would win only 10 prizes a year compared to 15 the previous year. Investors with smaller, although significant, amounts would possibly win nothing.
709:
cash within 10 years of the final ending dates. The bonds were generally identified by their colour, for instance the blue premium bonds were issued in 1948, and were redeemed in 1998 (10 years + 4 10-year extension). The first 200 DKK of each prize was tax free, the rest taxed at only 15% (compared to 30% or more for ordinary income).
712:
In New
Zealand, "Bonus Bonds" were established by the NZ Government in 1970 and sold to ANZ Bank in 1990. In August 2020 it was announced that the scheme would close due to low interest rates reducing the prize pool. At the time of the announcement there were 1.2m bondholders with NZD $ 3.2 billion
708:
In
Denmark, "Premieobligationer" usually ran for five or 10 years with a fixed prize list printed on the physical bonds. They were physical bearer bonds and most series were extended one or more times by another 5 or 10 years. The last series have now ended and must be redeemed for their principal
704:
In Sweden, "Premieobligationer" usually run for five years and are traded on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. The unit (one Bond) is generally 1000 SEK or 5000 SEK. Holders of 10 or 50 consecutive bonds starting at 1 + N * 10 or 50 are guaranteed one win per year. Outstanding bonds as of
September 2013
203:
Investors can buy bonds at any time but they must be held for a whole calendar month before they qualify for a prize. As an example, a bond purchased mid-May must then be held throughout June before being eligible for the draw in July (and onwards). Bonds purchased by reinvestment of prizes are
345:
The prize fund is equal to one month's interest on all bonds eligible for the draw. The annual interest is set by NS&I and was 1.40% as of
December 2017, reducing to 1.00% as of December 2020. This was increased to 2.2%, as of October 2022 then increased again to 3% as of
299:
Winners of the jackpot are told on the first working day of the month, although the actual date of the draw varies. The online prize finder is updated by the third or fourth working day of the month. Winners of the top £1m prize are told in person of their win by "Agent
Million", an NS&I
207:
Numbers are entered in the draw each month, with an equal chance of winning, until the bond is cashed. As of 2019, each person may own bonds up to £50,000. Since 1 February 2019, the minimum purchase amount for
Premium Bonds has been £25. As of September 2023 there are over
333:
From 1 January 2009 the odds of winning a prize for each £1 of bond was 36,000 to 1. In
October 2009, the odds returned to 24,000 to 1 with the prize fund interest rate increase. The odds reached 26,000 to 1 by October 2013 and then reverted to 24,500 to 1 in November 2017.
753:, commodity-linked and other "added risk" bonds. His conclusion is that it makes little difference, either to a retail investor or from a theoretical finance perspective, whether the added risk comes from a random number generator or from fluctuations in financial markets.
738:
In 2008, two financial economists, Lobe and Hoelzl, analysed the main driving factors for the immense marketing success of
Premium Bonds. One in three Britons invest in Premium Bonds. The thrill of gambling is significantly boosted by enhancing the
542:
return is lower. For an investor with the maximum £50,000 invested, the median return is 3.9% (£1,950). For investors with lower amounts invested, the median return is lower. The typical investor with £1000 or less invested will receive nothing.
227:
not coming into existence until 1994. Although many avenues of lotteries and other forms of gambling are now available to
British adults, Premium Bonds are held by more than 24 million people, equivalent to more than 1 in 3 of the UK population.
645:. It uses quantum technology to produce random numbers through light, replacing the former 'thermal noise' method. Running at speeds 21,000 times faster than the first ERNIE, it can produce 3 million winners in just 12 minutes each month.
175:
The government pays interest into the bond fund (4.4% per annum from March 2024) from which a monthly lottery distributes tax-free prizes to bondholders whose numbers are selected randomly. The machine that generates the numbers is called
611:, it was 500 times faster than the original and generated a million numbers an hour; these were checked against a list of valid bonds. By comparison, the original ERNIE generated 2,000 numbers an hour and was the size of a van.
1780:
1191:
1520:
1750:
311:
website, or the smartphone app, which provides lists of winning bond numbers for the past six months. Older winning numbers (more than 18 months old) can also be checked in the
1775:
743:
of the prize distribution. However, using data collected over the past fifty years, they found that the bond bears relatively low risk compared to many other investments.
337:
As of
September 2023, the odds of winning are 1/21000; resulting in the expected number of prizes for the maximum £50,000 worth of bonds being 29 per year.
1765:
1645:"SSRN-Why are British Premium Bonds so Successful? The Effect of Saving With a Thrill by Sebastian Lobe, Alexander Hölzl". Papers.ssrn.com. 19 March 2008.
634:, the draw being valid only if it was certified to be statistically consistent with randomness. At the end of its life it was moved to Bletchley Park's
346:
January 2023 and is now at 4.65% from September 2023. The following table lists the distribution of prizes on offer in the September 2023 draw.
326:
In December 2008, NS&I reduced the interest rate (and therefore the odds of winning) due to the drop in the Bank of England base rate during the
1770:
956:
300:
employee, usually on the day before the first working day of the month. However, in-person visits were suspended, starting in May 2020, during the
1626:
301:
931:
200:
quipment. Prizes range from £25 to £1,000,000 and (since September 2023) the odds of a £1 bond winning a prize in a given month are 21,000 to 1.
134:
1524:
1735:
1627:"Nobel laureate Paul Krugman says yes, Biden could mint a $ 1 trillion coin to avert the debt ceiling—but there’s a better option out there"
1451:
1001:
586:, one of the world's first digital computers. It was introduced in 1957, with the first draw on 1 June, and generated bond numbers from the
1115:
1740:
1027:
604:
ERNIE 3 in 1988 was the size of a personal computer; at the end of its life it took five and a half hours to complete its monthly draw.
607:
In August 2004, ERNIE 4 was brought into service in anticipation of an increase in prizes each month from September 2004. Developed by
631:
1398:
985:
276:
224:
121:
618:
in transistors as its source of randomness to generate true random numbers; the original ERNIE used a gas neon diode. In contrast,
1165:
1067:
856:
831:
635:
567:
154:
150:
693:
Premium Bonds under various names exist or have existed in various countries. Similar programmes to UK Premium Bonds include:
1684:
1608:
746:
59:
55:
102:
1049:
74:
762:
571:
1755:
594:
tubes. The name is an acronym for Electronic Random Number Indicator Equipment. ERNIE 1 is in the collections of the
252:
1425:
641:
ERNIE 5, the latest model, was brought into service in March 2019, and is a quantum random number generator built by
81:
1590:
727:
662:
615:
48:
1760:
1745:
1322:
685:
88:
1344:
689:
Similar prize schemes operate in other countries, for instance this Premium Prize Bond certificate from India
726:
used the name "premium bonds" for an unrelated type of bond that he proposed to avoid a default due to the
595:
559:
260:
70:
1388:
259:
of 17 April 1956, to control inflation and encourage people to save. On 1 November 1956, in front of the
1658:
1366:
1498:
1088:
904:
264:
219:
When introduced to the wider public in 1957, the only other similar game available in the UK was the
1218:
627:
619:
280:
657:
cards, Christmas cards and letters from the public. It is the subject of the song "E.R.N.I.E." by
1631:
1005:
750:
668:
307:
Bond holders can check whether they have won any prizes on the National Savings & Investment
654:
1646:
1394:
1043:
981:
630:
in the physical processes involved. ERNIE's output was independently tested each month by the
583:
160:
The principle behind Premium Bonds is that rather than the stake being gambled, as in a usual
1715:
1650:
673:
272:
248:
237:
1476:
789:
95:
1671:
1568:
1546:
1116:"Premium bonds: Jackpot winners will no longer be visited by 'Agent Million' – what to do"
327:
284:
1140:
1063:
622:, although sometimes simply referred to as random, are produced deterministically by the
973:
658:
313:
241:
220:
213:
932:"The winning Premium Bonds numbers for October 2022, and how to check if you have won"
1729:
575:
165:
172:
and the government promises to buy them back, on request, for their original price.
723:
642:
587:
579:
146:
1709:
1244:
168:
on the bonds that is distributed by a lottery. The bonds are entered in a monthly
169:
37:
1296:
698:
256:
878:
626:
used to generate them. The randomness of ERNIE's numbers derived from random
546:
Premium Bonds are tax free, so are more attractive to higher rate taxpayers.
623:
608:
288:
17:
740:
268:
1270:
852:
554:
161:
539:
684:
553:
133:
765:
are savings accounts which use a similar system to grant interest
244:
that earns no interest but is eligible for entry into a lottery.
591:
827:
31:
1452:"Premium bond Ernie takes quantum leap into fifth generation"
1609:"Kiwis withdraw $ 766 million from ANZ's Bonus Bond scheme"
749:
discusses in a 2006 book Premium Bonds in comparison with
1704:
1547:"Proclamation on renewal of two State Premium Bond Loans"
247:
The modern iteration of Premium Bonds were introduced by
153:
since 1956. At present it is managed by the government's
1030:. NS&I. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010
653:
ERNIE, anthropomorphised in early advertising, receives
275:, bought the first bond from the Postmaster General, Dr
1571:. Queen of Denmark and Danish Parliament. 28 March 1984
574:
by a team led by Sidney Broadhurst. The designers were
212:
billion eligible Premium Bonds, each having a value of
1591:"Brian Gaynor: Who are the real Bonus Bonds winners?"
1523:. Danish Government. 19 November 2012. Archived from
1390:
Colossus: the secrets of Bletchley ... – Google Books
283:, bought the second. The Premium Bonds office was in
204:
immediately eligible for the following month's draw.
1190:
Butterworth, Myra; Wallop, Harry (5 December 2008).
598:
in London and was on display between 2008 and 2015.
538:
While the mean return is 4.4% as of March 2024, the
1569:"Law authorizing the issue of domestic state loans"
783:
781:
779:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1781:Tax-advantaged savings plans in the United Kingdom
1499:"List of outstanding Swedish Premium bond series"
279:, for £1. Councillor William Crook, the mayor of
1426:"First ERNIE computer picked for Science Museum"
240:since at least the late 18th century, to mean a
1219:"Now bond prizes are at a premium | Money"
1549:. Danish Minister of Finance. 18 December 1987
1419:
1417:
1751:Government bonds issued by the United Kingdom
236:The term "premium bond" has been used in the
8:
1166:"London Gazette Unclaimed Prizes supplement"
788:Lewis, Martin; Saxon, Helen (1 July 2024).
1776:History of computing in the United Kingdom
1705:National Savings & Investments website
1345:"NS&I Premium Bond prize draw details"
601:ERNIE 2 replaced the first ERNIE in 1972.
316:Premium Bonds Unclaimed Prizes Supplement
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1521:"Redeeming of Premium Bonds (in Danish)"
1477:"Swedish premium bonds, English summary"
957:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
348:
1114:Coombe-Whitlock, Connor (12 May 2020).
775:
302:COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
1667:
1656:
1041:
879:"Premium Bonds investment limit rises"
358:Estimated number of prizes each month
7:
1766:Public finance of the United Kingdom
60:adding citations to reliable sources
1450:Collinson, Patrick (1 March 2019).
1323:"NS&I increases interest rates"
1245:"Higher payouts from Premium Bonds"
905:"How many premium bonds are there?"
790:"Premium Bonds: Are they worth it?"
570:. The first ERNIE was built at the
980:. London: Macmillan. p. 383.
25:
1217:Jones, Rupert (6 December 2008).
1424:Schofield, Jack (13 June 2008).
1393:. OUP Oxford. 23 February 2006.
1367:"BBC Inside Out – Premium Bonds"
1068:National Savings and Investments
930:Hughes, David (4 October 2022).
857:National Savings and Investments
832:National Savings and Investments
568:hardware random number generator
287:, Lancashire, until it moved to
155:National Savings and Investments
36:
1771:Lotteries in the United Kingdom
632:Government Actuary's Department
361:Odds of winning with a £1 bond
47:needs additional citations for
1691:, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
1028:"The history of Premium Bonds"
1002:"The History of Premium Bonds"
701:also originated in early 1957.
1:
1689:The Poker Face of Wall Street
1325:. Nsandi.com. 25 October 2022
1064:"Premium Bonds prize checker"
978:Macmillan 1894–1956, volume I
763:Prize-linked savings accounts
705:were around 28.9 billion SEK.
1736:Companies based in Blackpool
1141:"Premium Bond Prize Checker"
722:In 2023, American economist
697:In the Republic of Ireland,
636:National Museum of Computing
572:Post Office Research Station
1710:Are Premium Bonds worth it?
1089:"Your Premium Bonds prizes"
667:. It is also referenced by
360:
357:
263:in the City of London, the
253:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1797:
1741:Companies based in Glasgow
728:United States debt ceiling
558:ERNIE 1 on display at the
309:Premium Bond Prize Checker
1048:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
471:
440:
365:
151:United Kingdom government
1297:"NS&I Premium Bonds"
628:statistical fluctuations
149:scheme organised by the
341:Prize fund distribution
1716:Q&A: Premium Bonds
1666:Cite journal requires
1613:The New Zealand Herald
1595:The New Zealand Herald
690:
661:, from the 1980 album
563:
560:Science Museum, London
139:
688:
557:
477:80% of the prize fund
446:10% of the prize fund
371:10% of the prize fund
137:
1501:. Swedish Government
1479:. Swedish Government
1170:London-gazette.co.uk
620:pseudorandom numbers
582:and it derives from
265:Lord Mayor of London
56:improve this article
1597:. 8 September 2018.
1251:. 16 September 2009
392:1 in 1.349 billion
381:1 in 60.72 billion
1756:1956 introductions
1008:on 4 December 2008
718:Unrelated concepts
691:
681:In other countries
649:In popular culture
564:
140:
138:An ERNIE money box
1615:. 4 October 2020.
1527:on 4 October 2013
794:MoneySavingExpert
534:Economic analysis
531:
530:
518:(September 2023)
478:
447:
425:1 in 134,628,205
414:1 in 336,384,045
403:1 in 674,636,890
372:
132:
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106:
16:(Redirected from
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1761:Personal finance
1746:Borough of Fylde
1712:– BBC News, 2006
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1004:. Archived from
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853:"Interest Rates"
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805:
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734:Academic studies
674:Thick as a Brick
476:
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436:1 in 67,388,813
370:
349:
281:Lytham St Anne's
273:Cuthbert Ackroyd
249:Harold Macmillan
238:English language
225:National Lottery
211:
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1303:. 3 August 2020
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1277:. 3 August 2020
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1095:. 3 August 2020
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974:Horne, Alistair
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859:. 3 August 2020
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671:in their album
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467:1 in 2,150,580
456:1 in 6,451,740
444:
369:
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328:Great Recession
324:
322:Odds of winning
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285:St Annes-on-Sea
234:
209:
128:
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71:"Premium Bonds"
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28:
27:UK lottery bond
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911:. 1 April 2023
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1635:(3 May 2023).
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614:ERNIE 4 used
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576:Tommy Flowers
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73: –
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67:Find sources:
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45:This article
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1720:The Guardian
1719:
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1659:cite journal
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1575:12 September
1573:. Retrieved
1563:
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1551:. Retrieved
1541:
1531:12 September
1529:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1515:
1505:12 September
1503:. Retrieved
1493:
1483:12 September
1481:. Retrieved
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1456:The Guardian
1455:
1445:
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1430:The Guardian
1429:
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1371:. Retrieved
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1347:. Nsandi.com
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
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1223:The Guardian
1222:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1195:
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1173:. Retrieved
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1097:. Retrieved
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1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:the original
996:
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939:. Retrieved
935:
925:
913:. Retrieved
909:Money Marvel
908:
899:
887:. Retrieved
882:
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861:. Retrieved
847:
835:. Retrieved
828:"Meet ERNIE"
797:. Retrieved
793:
745:
737:
724:Paul Krugman
721:
692:
672:
663:
652:
643:ID Quantique
640:
613:
606:
603:
600:
588:signal noise
580:Harry Fensom
565:
545:
537:
527:1 in 21,000
514:
498:1 in 51,930
487:1 in 51,929
472:
442:Medium value
441:
367:Higher value
366:
355:Prize value
344:
336:
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308:
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298:
277:Charles Hill
246:
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174:
164:, it is the
159:
147:lottery bond
142:
141:
118:
112:January 2008
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
18:Premium Bond
1685:Aaron Brown
1307:14 February
936:inews.co.uk
863:24 February
747:Aaron Brown
699:Prize Bonds
669:Jethro Tull
590:created by
566:ERNIE is a
515:Total value
375:£1,000,000
352:Prize band
223:, with the
1730:Categories
1406:14 January
1373:14 January
1351:3 December
1329:25 October
1301:Nsandi.com
1281:4 November
1275:Nsandi.com
1255:14 January
1229:14 January
1202:14 January
1145:Nsandi.com
1125:4 November
1099:4 November
1093:Nsandi.com
963:316 (1889)
889:4 November
770:References
664:Absolutely
524:5,782,602
506:1,026,981
495:2,338,498
484:2,338,498
184:lectronic
170:prize draw
82:newspapers
1192:"Savings"
941:6 October
915:28 August
799:18 August
713:invested.
655:Valentine
624:algorithm
609:LogicaCMG
473:Low value
386:£100,000
291:in 1978.
289:Blackpool
255:, in his
196:ndicator
1249:BBC News
1225:. London
1198:. London
1175:10 April
1150:10 April
1073:28 March
1044:cite web
976:(1989).
883:BBC News
757:See also
741:skewness
584:Colossus
419:£10,000
408:£25,000
397:£50,000
269:Alderman
166:interest
157:agency.
1632:Fortune
1461:1 March
1435:27 July
1034:7 April
1012:7 April
837:27 July
659:Madness
464:56,466
453:18,822
450:£1,000
430:£5,000
295:Winning
232:History
162:lottery
96:scholar
1722:, 2006
1651:992794
1649:
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562:, 2012
540:median
433:1,802
257:Budget
210:
192:umber
188:andom
180:, for
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1369:. BBC
550:ERNIE
481:£100
461:£500
251:, as
178:ERNIE
145:is a
103:JSTOR
89:books
1672:help
1647:SSRN
1577:2013
1555:2013
1533:2013
1507:2013
1485:2013
1463:2019
1437:2015
1408:2010
1395:ISBN
1375:2010
1353:2017
1331:2022
1309:2021
1283:2021
1257:2010
1231:2010
1204:2010
1177:2012
1152:2012
1127:2021
1101:2021
1075:2011
1050:link
1036:2009
1014:2009
982:ISBN
943:2022
917:2023
891:2021
865:2023
839:2015
801:2024
592:neon
578:and
503:£25
492:£50
422:902
411:361
400:180
271:Sir
242:bond
75:news
389:90
208:121
58:by
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