653:
361:. To effectively use a sniper rifle, a soldier had to go through particularly rigorous training, and most trainees did not make it past the first week. Sniper training was also so expensive to conduct that, even until as recently as 1970, the reasoning for having trained snipers as a part of an army was deemed questionable. In Britain, sniper rifles were not seen as being an integral part of an army until after the Germans boasted of their success with sniper teams during the early months of World War I. British army advisors supposed that the telescopic sights attached to sniper rifles were too easily damaged and thus not well suited for military use. However, they soon realized that these telescopic sights could be improved and made sturdy enough to withstand a sniper rifle shot.
850:, causing slight alignment or barrel harmonics changes over time and altering the point of impact. Stocks manufactured from polymers and metal alloys are less susceptible to point of impact shifting from environmental conditions. Sniper stocks are typically designed to avoid making contact with the barrel of the weapon to minimize the effects of environmental inconstancies. Modern sniper rifle stocks tend to be designed around a rigid chassis, offer user adjustability to allow shooters of various sizes and shapes to tailor the stock to their personal preferences, and modular attachment points to accommodate low-light and daylight aiming optics, laser designators, and other accessories without the need for custom-made mounting interface kits.
299:
967:
1042:
945:
919:
875:
901:
36:
857:
319:
116:
93:
365:
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417:
605:
966:
846:, and can sometimes be adjusted up or down to suit the individual shooter. To further aid this individual fitting, the stock can sometimes also be adjusted for length, often by varying the number of inserts at the rear of the stock where it meets the shooter's shoulder. If the stock is manufactured from wood, environmental conditions or operational use may
486:
1050:
207:. At trials in 1857, which tested the accuracy and range of both weapons, Whitworth's design outperformed the Enfield at a rate of about three to one. The Whitworth rifle was able to hit the target at a range of 2,000 yards (around 1,830 meters), whereas the Enfield could only manage it at a distance of 1,400 yards (around 1,280 meters). During the
738:(8.6×70mm). These cartridges offer better ballistic performance and greater effective range than the 7.62×51mm. Though they are not as powerful as .50 caliber cartridges, rifles chambered for these cartridges are not as heavy as those chambered for .50 caliber ammunition, and are significantly more powerful than rifles chambered for 7.62×51mm.
1278:
target for a sniper bullet). This implies that variables such as the minimal required hit probability, local atmospheric conditions, properties and velocity of the employed bullet (parts), properties of the target, and the desired terminal effect are major relevant factors that determine the maximum effective range of the employed system.
742:
944:
652:
1111:
80% that the weapon and ammunition combination is capable of holding 1 MOA (0.28 mrad) extreme vertical spread, calculated from 150 ten-round groups that were fired unsuppressed. No individual group was to exceed 1.5 MOA (0.42 mrad) extreme vertical spread. All accuracy was taken at the 1,500 meter point.
1129:
Although accuracy standards for police rifles do not widely exist, rifles are frequently seen with accuracy levels from 0.5 to 1.5 MOA (0.2–0.5 mrad). For typical policing situations, an extreme spread accuracy level no better than 1 MOA (0.3 mrad) is usually all that is required, as police typically
828:
Military sniper rifles tend to have barrel lengths of 610 mm (24 in) or longer to allow the cartridge propellant to fully burn, reducing the amount of revealing muzzle flash and increasing muzzle velocity. Police sniper rifles may use shorter barrels to improve handling characteristics. The
790:
are normally of precise manufacture and of a heavier cross section than more traditional barrels, in order to reduce the change in impact points between a first shot from a cold barrel and a follow-up shot from a warm barrel. Unlike many battle and assault rifles, the bores are usually not chromed to
676:
ammunition. Since large national militaries generally change slowly, military rifle ammunition is frequently battle-tested and well-studied by ammunition and firearms experts. Consequently, police forces tend to follow military practices in choosing a sniper rifle cartridge instead of trying to break
583:
for the latter, is usually determined by specific requirements of the sniper's role in a particular organization, with each design having advantages and disadvantages. For a given cartridge, a bolt-action rifle is cheaper to build and maintain, more reliable, and lighter, due to fewer moving parts in
434:
Sniper rifles manufactured for military service are often designed for very high durability, range, reliability, sturdiness, serviceability, and repairability under adverse environmental and combat conditions, at the sacrifice of a small degree of accuracy. Military snipers and sharpshooters may also
395:
The durability, accuracy and power of sniper rifles circa 2010 are beyond anything in use even ten years prior, and dwarf those of World War II sniper rifles. Modern sniper rifles are very reliable and are able to fire repeatedly without losing accuracy, whereas earlier sniper rifles were more liable
333:
During World War I, the accuracy of the sniper rifle was greatly improved. By the end of World War II, snipers were reported to provide "reasonable accuracy" over 600 m (656 yd) with anything over this range being unpredictable. It was during World War I and II that the word ‘sniper’ began
1277:
Maximum range claims made by military organizations and materiel manufacturers regarding sniper weapon systems are not based on consistent or strictly scientific criteria. The problem is that the bullet only interacts after a relatively long flight path with the target (which can also be a materiel
1098:
Sniper Weapon System adopted in 1988 has a stated maximum effective range of 800 meters and a maximum allowed average mean radius (AMR) of 1.9 inches at 300 yards from a machine rest, which corresponds to a 0.6 MOA (0.17 mrad) extreme spread for a 5-shot group when using 7.62×51mm M118 Special
1110:
market survey called for a 1 MOA (0.28 mrad) extreme vertical spread for all shots in a 10-round group fired at targets at 300, 600, 900, 1,200, and 1,500 meters. The 2009 Precision Sniper Rifle requirements state that the PSR, when fired without a suppressor, shall provide a confidence factor of
290:
It was not until World War I that sniper rifles began to be used more regularly in battle and certain soldiers given specialized training to use such a rifle. In
Germany, these trained snipers were given rifles with telescopic sights, which illuminated at night in order to improve their accuracy.
588:
and sniper rifle, and allow for a greater rate (and hence volume) of fire. As such rifles may be modified service rifles, an additional benefit can be commonality of operation with the issued infantry rifle. A bolt action is most commonly used in both military and police roles due to its higher
874:
918:
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The recent trend in specialized military sniper rifles is towards larger calibers that offer relatively favorable hit probabilities at greater range with anti-personnel cartridges, such as .300 Winchester Magnum and .338 Lapua Magnum, and anti-materiel cartridges, such as
1635:: "The information about counter-sniper operations describes techniques for identifying snipers amongst groups of other soldiers. The most easily recognizable feature of a sniper from a great distance is the fact that the sniper's rifle is longer than all the others".
624:
is less specialized than a typical military sniper rifle, often only intended to extend the range of a group of soldiers. Therefore, when a semi-automatic action is used, it is due to an overlap with the roles of standard-issue weapons. There may also be additional
802:
by the barrel itself, sling, bipod, or the sniper's hands that can interfere with barrel harmonics. The end of the barrel is usually crowned or machined to form a rebated area around the muzzle proper to avoid asymmetry or damage, and consequent inaccuracy.
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employ their rifles at shorter ranges. At 100 m (109 yd) or less, a rifle with a relatively low accuracy of only 1 MOA (0.3 mrad) should be able to repeatedly hit a 3 cm (1.2 inch) target. A 3 cm diameter target is smaller than the
435:
be required to carry their rifles and other equipment for long distances, making it important to minimize weight. Military organizations often operate under strict budget constraints, which influences the type and quality of sniper rifles they purchase.
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with a diameter of 23.3 cm (9.2 in) at 800 m (875 yd). This average extreme spread for a 5-shot group and the accompanying hit probability are considered sufficient for effectively hitting a human at an 800-meter distance.
446:
Law enforcement-specific rifles are usually used in non-combat (often urban) environments, so they do not have the requirement to be as hardy or portable as military versions; they may also be smaller due to the decrease in required range.
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In 1982, a U.S. Army draft requirement for a Sniper Weapon System was: "The System will: (6) Have an accuracy of no more than 0.75 MOA (0.2 mrad) for a 5-shot group at 1,500 meters when fired from a supported, non-benchrest position". The
715:, which has slightly superior performance to the 7.62×51mm, although the rimmed design limits reliability compared to the latter cartridge. This cartridge was introduced in 1891, and both Russian sniper rifles of the modern era, the
494:
238:
to more accurately observe and target objects at a greater distance than ever before. The telescopic sight, or scope, was originally fixed and could not be adjusted, which therefore limited its range. By the 1870s, the perfection of
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is often fitted on the rifle, used by the sniper to achieve better stability when standing, kneeling, or sitting. The sniper uses the sling to "lock in" by wrapping their non-firing arm into the sling, keeping that arm still.
979:
multi-caliber modular sniper rifle based on an aluminum alloy chassis stock with fully adjustable side-folding buttstock and a front offering rail interface system attachment points, with mounted
Picatinny rails for tactical
1077:) accuracy. A standard-issue military sniper rifle is typically capable of 1–3 MOA (0.3–0.9 mrad) accuracy, with a police sniper rifle capable of 0.25–1.5 MOA (0.1–0.4 mrad) accuracy. For comparison, a competition target or
1084:
A 1 MOA (0.28 mrad) average extreme spread (the center-to-center distance between the two most distant bullet holes) for a 5-shot group translates into a 69% probability that the bullet's point of impact will be in a
400:. Sniper rifles continue to be adapted and improved upon, with the effective range of sniper rifles (c. 2001) exceeding 1,000 m (1,094 yd), making them one of the most accurate and efficient weapons in use.
629:
advantages if the DMR uses the same ammunition as the more common standard-issue weapons. These rifles enable a higher volume of fire, but sacrifice some long-range accuracy. They are frequently built from existing
841:
is the adjustable cheek piece, where the shooter's cheek meets the rear of the stock. For most rifles equipped with a telescopic sight, this area is raised slightly because the telescope is positioned higher than
1246:
Unlike police sniper rifles, military sniper rifles tend to be employed at the greatest possible distances, so that range advantages, like an increased difficulty to spot and engage the sniper, can be exploited.
671:
In a military setting, logistical concerns are the primary determinant of the cartridge used, so sniper rifles are usually limited to rifle cartridges commonly used by the military force employing the rifle and
226:
During the
Crimean War, the first optical sights were designed for fitting onto the rifles. Much of this pioneering work was the brainchild of a Colonel D. Davidson, using optical sights produced by
350:
so as not to expose themselves to the deadly accuracy of a sniper. Some soldiers even began to disregard orders from commanding officers to protect against potential harm, which thus broke down the
1118:, which has a maximum allowed extreme spread of 1.8 MOA (0.5 mrad) for a 5-shot group on 300 feet, using M118LR ammunition or equivalent. In 2010, the maximum bullet dispersion requirement for the
856:
512:
The features of a sniper rifle can vary widely depending on the specific tasks it is intended to perform. Features that may distinguish a sniper rifle from other weapons are the presence of a
900:
775:. These large cartridges are required to be able to fire projectiles containing payloads such as explosives, armor-piercing cores, incendiaries or combinations of these, such as the
756:
in sniping roles against targets such as vehicles, equipment and structures, or for the long-range destruction of explosive devices; these rifles may also be used against personnel.
726:
Certain commercial cartridges designed with only performance in mind, without the logistical constraints of most armies, have also gained popularity in the 1990s. These include the
1892:
383:
Sniper rifles have continued to be used consistently throughout the later part of the 20th century in Korea, Vietnam and the Middle East as an integral part of the modern style of
584:
the mechanism. In addition, the absence of uncontrolled automatic cartridge case ejection helps avoid revealing the shooter's position. Semi-automatic weapons can serve both as a
640:
A police semi-automatic sniper rifle may be used in situations that require a single sniper to engage multiple targets in quick succession; military semi-automatics, such as the
548:). The telescopic sights used on sniper rifles differ from other optical sights in that they offer much greater magnification (more than 4× and up to 40×) and have a much larger
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to be used commonly, whereas previously those who were armed with sniper rifles were referred to as sharpshooters or marksmen. These marksmen, wielding sniper rifles such as the
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that contributes to heat dissipation by increasing the surface area, while simultaneously decreasing the weight of the barrel, is sometimes used on sniper rifle barrels.
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The most popular military sniper rifles (in terms of numbers in service) are chambered for 7.62 mm (0.30 inch) caliber ammunition, such as 7.62×51mm and
443:
Sniper rifles built or modified for use in law enforcement are generally required to have the greatest possible accuracy, but do not need to have as long a range.
1106:(PSR) called for 1 MOA (0.3 mrad) extreme vertical spread for all shots in a 5-round group fired at targets at 300, 600, 900, 1,200 and 1,500 meters. In 2009, a
2248:
Approximate maximum effective ranges of common cartridges when used in an adequately accurate rifle system with special long-range high accuracy ammunition at
123:
series of sniper rifles is standard issue in the armies of several countries, including those of
Britain, Ireland, and Germany (picture shows a rifle of the
2051:
1861:
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1254:. Since sniper rifles of this class must compete with several other types of military weapons with similar range, snipers invariably must employ skilled
199:, which meant that the projectile did not have to "bite" into the rifling grooves as with conventional rifling. His rifle was far more accurate than the
956:"M24 SWS total conversion upgrade" based on an aluminum alloy chassis stock with fully adjustable side-folding buttstock and tubular handguard offering
1923:
1126:, which had to meet an accuracy requirement to fire ≤ 1 MOA/0.28 mrad (less than a 2-inch shot group at 200 yards) before being released for fielding.
2137:, a national-level policing organization, has recently specified an accuracy level of 0.5 MOA for 5 shots at 100 yd for sniper rifles issued to their
357:
Though sniper rifles had proved to be extremely effective in combat, there was still a great reluctance in many militaries to adopt a trained sniper
1107:
4839:
3905:
1274:. This allows snipers to take fewer risks and spend less time finding concealment when facing enemies that are not equipped with similar weapons.
798:—installed so that the barrel contacts the rest of the rifle only at the receiver. A free-floating barrel avoids contact with the fore-end of the
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corresponded to 1.4 MOA (0.39 mrad) extreme spread for 5 shot group on 100 meters. In 2011, the US military adapted the .300 Winchester Magnum
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Perhaps the single most important characteristic that sets a sniper rifle apart from other military or police small arms is the mounting of a
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is one rifle specifically designed to meet these criteria and is often referred to as an ideal example of this type of sniper rifle. The
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was a
British Army unit formed in 1899 that was renowned for the expert marksmanship and stalking skills of its personnel. The men wore
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said of them that "keener men never lived". After the Boer War, the Scouts became the first official sniper unit in the
British Army.
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2026:"MIL-PRF-32316 (w/Amendment 1), Performance Specification: Rifle, 7.62mm: Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS) – M110 (05 Oct 2009)"
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shorter barrels' muzzle velocity loss is unimportant at closer ranges; the impact velocity of the bullet is more than sufficient.
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on the battlefield. The sniper rifle soon acquired the reputation of being one of the most effective and ruthless weapons of war.
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Some of the first sniper rifles designed specifically to meet police and other law-enforcement requirements were developed for
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projectile. Due to the considerable size and weight of anti-materiel rifles, two- or three-man sniper teams become necessary.
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to aid with judgment of distance, which is an important factor in accurate shot placement due to the bullet's trajectory.
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Worldwide, the trend is similar. The preferred sniper cartridge in Russia is another .30 caliber military cartridge, the
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Anti-materiel rifles tend to be semi-automatic and of a larger caliber than other rifles, using cartridges such as the
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operators tend to prefer semi-automatic rifles over bolt-action rifles for certain applications such as detonating
420:
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2398:
Raudzens, George (1990). "War-Winning
Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History".
1557:
Raudzens, George (1990). "War-Winning
Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History".
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Raudzens, George (1990). "War-Winning
Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History".
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magazine rifles led to sniper rifles having "effective accurate" ranges of up to a mile away from their target.
61:
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with classic shaped wooden stock with cheek piece and free floating barrel. The L42A1 was a conversion of
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Pegler, Martin. Out Of
Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2004, p. 19.
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708:, the 7.62×51mm is currently the primary cartridge of choice for military and police sniper rifles.
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A Marine manually extracts an empty cartridge and chambers a new 7.62×51mm round in his bolt-action
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Shooting bags are also commonly used to help stabilize the rifle or to provide an adjustable base.
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536:, which is relatively easy to distinguish from smaller optical aiming devices found on some modern
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748:(Special Applications Scoped Rifle), a .50-caliber anti-materiel rifle also used as a sniper rifle
342:, had a drastic and demoralizing effect on the battlefield. Soldiers would often remain hidden in
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696:(Germany). The .30-06 Springfield continued in service with U.S. Marine Corps snipers during the
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Detail of Russian snipers and sniper rifles of World War Two by Chris Eger, military historian
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142:. Requirements include high accuracy, reliability, and mobility, concealment, and optics, for
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extreme spread levels against a human torso at 800 m (left) and a human head at 100 m (right)
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in the 1970s, well after general adoption of the 7.62×51mm. At the present time, in both the
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sniper rifle. The bolt handle is held in the shooter's hand and is not visible in this photo.
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Modern sniper rifles can be divided into two basic classes: military and law enforcement.
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stock with fully adjustable side-folding thumb hole polymer stock side panels and custom
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Out of Nowhere: A history of the military sniper, from the Sharpshooter to Afghanistan
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with classic shaped polymer stock with removable spacers to adjust the length of pull.
825:. These suppressors often have a means of adjusting the point of impact while fitted.
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was arguably the first long-range sniper rifle in the world. Designed in 1854 by Sir
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1013:, are also regularly used to aid and improve stability and reduce operator fatigue.
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2518: – Detailed overview of the accurization process for a .25 MOA rifle
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or assault rifles, often simply by adding a telescopic sight and adjustable stock.
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was built for, and is marketed to, law enforcement rather than military agencies.
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were tasked to kill Union field artillery crews, and were responsible for killing
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The Ultimate Sniper: an Advanced Training Manual for Military and Police Snipers
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The Ultimate Sniper: an Advanced Training Manual for Military and Police Snipers
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684:(.308 Winchester) cartridge in the 1950s, standard military cartridges were the
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Sniper-rifle barrels may also utilize a threaded muzzle or combination device (
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Most telescopic lenses employed in military or police roles also have special
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2175:, 2006, full report available to military and law enforcement agencies only.
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Minimum documented range is 5 yards, maximum documented range is 187 yards:
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Precision Weapon Engagement Ranges & Dispersion according to the US Army
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2253:
1837:. OutdoorsFan Media. InterMedia Outdoors, Inc. 27 June 2008. Archived from
1452:
154:. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired rifle with either a
2510:
4758:
4746:
4289:
4173:
4129:
4119:
4114:
4090:
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2837:
2795:
2747:
2700:
2505:
1054:
656:
358:
347:
327:
292:
235:
107:
accuracy to maximal effective range of about 800 meters. The M24 was the
2521:
2235:
1049:
485:
219:—one of the highest-ranking officers killed during the Civil War—at the
4629:
4321:
4236:
4144:
4124:
4102:
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3669:
3329:
3079:
3003:
2787:
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2737:
2705:
2660:
2609:
2581:
2467:
2419:
1394:
Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Volume 19
1356:
1006:
906:
760:
556:
493:
193:
597:
from a safe distance and penetrating reinforced structures that enemy
462:. Many police services and law enforcement organizations (such as the
4439:
4331:
4246:
4044:
2810:
2710:
2641:
151:
27:
Type of rifle used for long-range engagements against enemy personnel
2411:
2313:
Long Rifle: One Man's Deadly Sniper Missions in Iraq and Afghanistan
1893:"Precision Sniper Rifle (PSR) – Solicitation Number: H92222-09-PSR2"
1588:
Long Rifle: One Man's Deadly Sniper Missions in Iraq and Afghanistan
1134:, which is targeted by police snipers for its quick killing effect.
741:
516:, unusually long overall length, a stock designed for firing from a
169:
for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance
1954:"Precision Sniper Rifles Systems (PSR) Draft Go/No-Go Requirements"
3262:
3257:
3242:
3197:
2893:
1048:
1040:
1028:
1002:
880:
740:
664:
651:
603:
521:
497:
492:
484:
415:
363:
317:
297:
139:
114:
91:
912:
with classic shaped polymer stock with adjustable length of pull.
677:
new ground with less-perfected (but possibly better) ammunition.
2368:"Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers".
2234:. Minnesota National Guard Counter Sniper School. Archived from
2138:
1081:
may be capable of accuracy up to 0.15–0.3 MOA (0.04–0.09 mrad).
705:
4555:
4088:
3279:
2658:
2554:
3247:
3207:
2636:
2621:
2468:"One Shot, One Kill: Civilian Sales of Military Sniper Rifles"
1862:"Precession Sniper Rifle – Solicitation Number: H92222-09-PSR"
29:
1666:. Vol. 2. Praeger Security International. p. 237.
263:
were used by both sides. The British were equipped with the
1891:
Weaver, Verdetta J.; Lewis, Dorothy E. (13 February 2009).
1776:"рассеивание попаданий. кучность. показатели и зависимость"
2541:
Five-minute Sniper 101 Tutorial, Colonial Days to Present
1057:
sniper rifle has an accuracy guarantee of 0.25 MOA (0.07
283:
for camouflage and were expertly skilled in observation.
2546:
Russian will soon have a new sniper rifle 'the Tochnost'
2271:
They Shoot to Kill: A Psycho-History of Criminal Sniping
466:) now use rifles designed for law enforcement purposes.
295:
fitted the scope above the barrel for optimal accuracy.
213:
Confederate sharpshooters equipped with Whitworth rifles
2372:. Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain). 1860.
1831:"US Special Operations Considers A ".338" Sniper Rifle"
275:, the marksman was a crucial component in battle. The
552:(40 to 50 mm in diameter) for a brighter image.
192:, a prominent British engineer, it used barrels with
4885:
4826:
4787:
4715:
4667:
4576:
4473:
4330:
4266:
4182:
4101:
3925:
3855:
3729:
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3289:
3187:
3135:
3078:
3036:
2892:
2786:
2536:
demigodllc.com: Practical long-range rifle shooting
1990:"Precision Sniper Rifle (PSR) Vendor Questionnaire"
2289:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1102:A 2008 United States military market survey for a
837:The most common special feature of a sniper rifle
644:, are used in similar "target-rich" environments.
1396:. Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain).
2351:Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century
2332:Out of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper
2082:"XM2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle / M2010 ESR (USA)"
1601:Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century
1575:Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century
1546:Out Of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper
1524:Out Of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper
1493:Out Of Nowhere: A History Of The Military Sniper
1480:Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century
1467:Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century
821:and attachment mount) to allow the fitting of a
4877:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
2431:(2891). The British Medical Journal. 1916: 765.
1569:
1567:
267:rifle, while the Boers had received the latest
2119:. Primedia Enthusiast Magazine. Archived from
1782:(in Russian). 4 September 2009. Archived from
1615:Popenker, Max (2001). "Modern sniper rifles".
1611:
1609:
1453:"Lovat Scouts, Sharpshooters – United Kingdom"
111:standard-issue sniper rifle from 1988 to 2010.
2566:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
791:avoid inaccuracy due to an uneven treatment.
8:
271:rifles from Germany. In the open terrain of
1742:U.S. Army Materiel System Analysis Activity
1698:"Statistical notes on rifle group patterns"
4832:
4552:
4272:
4107:
4085:
3861:
3735:
3295:
3276:
3089:
2903:
2655:
2602:
2573:
2559:
2551:
2052:"M24 Sniper Weapon System Reconfiguration"
2203:Some information publicly available from
1770:
1768:
1766:
1469:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2010, p. 31.
663:cartridges used by an Italian soldier in
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2516:Tack Driving Tactical Rifle from Tac Ops
1647:Cartridges for Long-Range Sniping Rifles
1141:
1108:United States Special Operations Command
680:Before the introduction of the standard
255:, the latest breech-loading rifles with
203:, which had shown weaknesses during the
43:This article includes a list of general
1930:. Harris Tactical Group. Archived from
1548:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 19–20.
1372:
852:
340:Mosin–Nagant Model 1891/30 sniper rifle
2486:
2476:
2445:
2434:
2386:
2375:
892:World War II-era British sniper rifles
2506:Modern Firearms list of sniper rifles
1495:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 222.
1114:In 2008, the US military adopted the
121:Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
7:
2273:. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press.
1751:from the original on 1 December 2012
1733:Weaver, Jonathan M. Jr. (May 1990).
2511:SniperCentral list of sniper rifles
2466:Violence Policy Center (May 1999).
1603:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 75.
1590:. Guilford: The Lyons Press, p. 11.
1526:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 16.
1482:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 36
2155:"Police Sniper Utilization Survey"
2088:. 24 December 2010. Archived from
1663:Military Technologies of the World
1577:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 6.
1069:is usually capable of between 3–6
794:When installed, barrels are often
692:(7.7×56mmR) (United Kingdom), and
589:accuracy and ease of maintenance.
489:Looking through a telescopic sight
221:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
150:and surveillance uses by military
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2250:International Standard Atmosphere
2050:Street, David (19 October 2009).
1513:. vol. 1, no. 2891, 1916, p. 765.
1116:M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System
1065:A military-issue battle rifle or
2427:"Telescopic Sights for Rifles".
2169:Police Sniper Utilization Survey
1860:Byrd, Richard A (17 June 2008).
1735:"AMSAA Technical Report No. 461"
1509:"Telescopic Sights For Rifles."
965:
943:
917:
899:
873:
855:
34:
2400:The Journal of Military History
2254:Common Calibers Used by Snipers
1922:Beckstrand, Tom (1 July 2009).
1559:The Journal of Military History
1440:The Journal of Military History
890:No. 4 Mk1(T) and No. 4 Mk1*(T)
2111:Johnson, Dan (February 2005).
481:Distinguishing characteristics
1:
4742:Firearms by country
4657:Civilian Marksmanship Program
2353:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
2334:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
2315:. Guilford: The Lyons Press.
1293:Longest recorded sniper kills
688:(7.62×63mm) (United States),
1707:. p. 21. Archived from
1033:Comparison of 0.5, 1, and 3
4913:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
4811:Campaign Against Arms Trade
2192:American Sniper Association
2188:"Sniper Utilization Survey"
2173:American Sniper Association
1511:The British Medical Journal
1258:to conceal their position.
1124:M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle
930:based on an aluminum alloy
371:era sniper rifles, US Army
217:Major General John Sedgwick
4958:
4867:High-capacity magazine ban
3993:Mean time between failures
2522:Detailed accuracy articles
2232:The Police Operations Page
1120:M24 .300 Winchester Magnum
925:Accuracy International AWM
504:2 – Main targeting chevron
324:Model 1891/30 sniper rifle
4835:
4596:Household ownership rates
4551:
4275:
4110:
4084:
3864:
3738:
3298:
3275:
3092:
2906:
2667:
2654:
2605:
2601:
1561:. vol. 54, no. 4, p. 420.
1442:, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 415.
1362:Designated marksman rifle
502:1 – Lead/deflection scale
302:German sniper aiming his
2228:"Police Sniper Training"
1331:Related military weapons
1303:Precision-guided firearm
999:Non-static weapon mounts
752:Snipers may also employ
723:, are chambered for it.
520:, and the presence of a
506:3 – Bullet drop chevrons
430:, during sniper training
396:to lose accuracy due to
285:Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard
101:M24 Sniper Weapon System
4897:by U.S. state
4307:Overpressure ammunition
4242:Improved Military Rifle
3948:Circular error probable
2867:Personal defence weapon
2349:Pegler, Martin (2010).
2330:Pegler, Martin (2004).
2296:. Krause Publications.
2288:De Haas, Frank (1995).
2269:Tobias, Ronald (1981).
1599:Pegler, Martin (2010).
1573:Pegler, Martin (2010).
1544:Pegler, Martin (2004).
1522:Pegler, Martin (2004).
1491:Pegler, Martin (2004).
1478:Pegler, Martin (2010).
1406:Pegler, Martin (2011).
1308:Fully powered cartridge
1138:Maximum effective range
958:rail integration system
524:and other accessories.
475:FN Special Police Rifle
471:Heckler & Koch PSG1
64:more precise citations.
4591:Civilian gun ownership
4120:Firing (Shooting)
2459:"Modern Sniper Rifles"
2457:Popenker, Max (2001).
2444:Cite journal requires
2385:Cite journal requires
2165:on 28 September 2007.
1924:"SOCOM PSR Contenders"
1314:Related military roles
1196:.300 Winchester Magnum
1104:Precision Sniper Rifle
1062:
1046:
1038:
806:External longitudinal
749:
732:.300 Winchester Magnum
668:
613:
509:
490:
431:
380:
330:
315:
128:
112:
4065:Handgun effectiveness
3998:Minute of Angle (MOA)
3874:Ballistic coefficient
2850:Semi-automatic pistol
2252:sea level conditions
2238:on 27 September 2007.
2153:Bartlett, Derrick D.
1660:Lee, Tae-Woo (2009).
1644:Williams, Anthony G.
1412:. Osprey Publishing.
1288:List of sniper rifles
1052:
1044:
1032:
744:
734:(7.62×67mm), and the
655:
607:
496:
488:
421:U.S. Marine Corps SRT
419:
367:
321:
301:
135:is a high-precision,
118:
95:
4682:in the United States
4340:Armour piercing
3901:Rangefinding/keeping
3813:Push/Controlled feed
3605:Synchronization gear
3340:Blank-firing adapter
3191: or famous
2311:Lebleu, Jon (2008).
1714:on 26 September 2006
1586:Lebleu, Jon (2008).
754:anti-materiel rifles
728:7mm Remington Magnum
601:are using as cover.
460:1972 Summer Olympics
201:Pattern 1853 Enfield
4774:Privately made
4737:Firearm brands
4623:State firearms
4603:Exhibition shooting
4586:Celebratory gunfire
4445:Plastic tipped
4375:High explosive
3896:Physics of firearms
2092:on 29 December 2010
1337:Anti-materiel rifle
1320:Designated marksman
1298:Long range shooting
938:mounting interface.
618:designated marksman
595:unexploded ordnance
567:The choice between
464:U.S. Secret Service
4872:Right to bear arms
4818:Featureless rifles
4764:Improvised firearm
4725:3D printed firearm
4613:United States
4508:Fully powered
4415:Total metal jacket
4055:Stock measurements
2778:Underwater firearm
2674: versus
2524:, by barrel maker
2489:has generic name (
2292:Bolt Action Rifles
2226:(September 1990).
2209:Major John Plaster
1695:Wheeler, Robert E.
1063:
1047:
1039:
960:attachment points.
750:
686:.30-06 Springfield
669:
665:Herat, Afghanistan
614:
510:
491:
432:
381:
331:
316:
209:American Civil War
129:
113:
109:United States Army
103:is capable of 0.5
4929:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4886:United States Gun
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4430:Hollow point
4355:Full metal jacket
4262:
4261:
4220:Tubes and Primers
4080:
4079:
4030:Power factor
3968:Gun harmonisation
3921:
3920:
3851:
3850:
3725:
3724:
3707:Night vision
3271:
3270:
3183:
3182:
3097:Automatic shotgun
3074:
3073:
2661:Types of firearms
2650:
2649:
1928:Tactical-life.com
1806:"MIL-R-71126(AR)"
1786:on 1 October 2009
1381:"Whitworth Rifle"
1244:
1243:
1206:.338 Lapua Magnum
1148:Maximum effective
1099:Ball cartridges.
978:
955:
929:
911:
885:
867:
736:.338 Lapua Magnum
694:7.92×57 mm Mauser
661:.338 Lapua Magnum
454:police after the
385:guerrilla warfare
269:Mauser Model 1895
234:. This allowed a
197:polygonal rifling
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4949:
4833:
4779:Small arms trade
4717:Firearm industry
4568:, and
4553:
4425:Hollow base
4273:
4252:Smokeless powder
4108:
4086:
4035:Precision-guided
3862:
3736:
3543:Rail system
3417:Flash suppressor
3296:
3277:
3223:Winchester rifle
3213:Antique firearms
3143:20-gauge shotgun
3090:
2904:
2656:
2603:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2472:
2462:
2453:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2432:
2423:
2394:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2364:
2345:
2326:
2307:
2295:
2284:
2256:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2200:
2198:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2161:. Archived from
2150:
2144:
2143:
2130:
2128:
2123:on 27 April 2005
2113:"Precision Pair"
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2005:
1999:. Archived from
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1963:. Archived from
1958:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1835:Tactical Gun Fan
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1772:
1761:
1760:
1758:
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1750:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1678:
1677:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1629:Plaster, John L.
1626:
1620:
1613:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1465:Pegler, Martin.
1463:
1457:
1456:
1455:. 20 March 2020.
1449:
1443:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1142:
976:
969:
953:
947:
927:
921:
909:
903:
883:
877:
865:
859:
819:flash suppressor
577:recoil operation
546:reflector sights
534:telescopic sight
528:Telescopic sight
514:telescopic sight
428:M24 sniper rifle
352:chain of command
312:telescopic sight
261:smokeless powder
190:Joseph Whitworth
167:telescopic sight
165:, fitted with a
96:The bolt-action
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4917:
4881:
4850:Concealed carry
4845:Assault weapons
4840:Air travel
4822:
4799: and
4783:
4711:
4671:
4663:
4652:Shooting sports
4642:Pistol duelling
4572:
4539:
4503:Rifle cartridge
4469:
4410:Supercavitating
4405:Soft point
4326:
4258:
4232:Ball propellant
4178:
4097:
4076:
4072:Twist rate
3963:Gun chronograph
3953:Effective range
3917:
3847:
3818:Recoil-operated
3721:
3626:
3285:
3267:
3253:Colt Peacemaker
3179:
3153:Dragon's breath
3148:Breaching round
3131:
3112:Double-barreled
3070:
3046:General purpose
3032:
2888:
2782:
2723:Multiple-barrel
2663:
2646:
2597:
2579:
2502:
2497:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2456:
2443:
2433:
2426:
2412:10.2307/1986064
2397:
2384:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2348:
2342:
2329:
2323:
2310:
2304:
2287:
2281:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2126:
2124:
2117:Guns & Ammo
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2060:Federal Service
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2006:on 30 June 2017
2003:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1970:on 30 June 2017
1967:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1901:Federal Service
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1870:Federal Service
1859:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:. p. 166.
1737:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1674:
1659:
1658:
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1643:
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1627:
1623:
1614:
1607:
1598:
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1572:
1565:
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1543:
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1534:
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1521:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
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1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1342:Anti-tank rifle
1284:
1149:
1140:
1079:benchrest rifle
1071:minute of angle
1027:
1022:
1011:shooting sticks
988:
981:
970:
961:
948:
939:
922:
913:
904:
895:
878:
869:
863:Steyr SSG 69 PI
860:
835:
785:
650:
565:
542:submachine guns
530:
508:4 – Rangefinder
507:
505:
503:
501:
483:
456:Munich massacre
441:
439:Law enforcement
414:
406:
393:
375:(top) and USMC
328:PU 3.5×21 sight
253:Second Boer War
249:
228:Chance Brothers
186:Whitworth rifle
182:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Precision rifle
15:
12:
11:
5:
4955:
4953:
4945:
4944:
4934:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4793:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4687:Assassinations
4684:
4678:
4676:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4556:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4210:Percussion cap
4207:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4089:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4060:Stopping power
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3978:Length of pull
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:Out-of-battery
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3427:Forward assist
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3397:Cocking handle
3394:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3281:Mechanics and
3280:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:Combat shotgun
3104:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2872:Submachine gun
2869:
2862:Pistol caliber
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2500:External links
2498:
2496:
2495:
2487:|author1=
2463:
2454:
2446:|journal=
2424:
2406:(4): 403–434.
2395:
2387:|journal=
2365:
2360:978-1849083980
2359:
2346:
2341:978-1846031403
2340:
2327:
2322:978-1599214405
2321:
2308:
2302:
2285:
2279:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2241:
2215:
2179:
2145:
2103:
2073:
2042:
2017:
1981:
1945:
1934:on 5 June 2009
1914:
1883:
1852:
1841:on 6 June 2011
1822:
1797:
1762:
1725:
1705:bobwheeler.com
1679:
1673:978-0275995393
1672:
1652:
1637:
1621:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1528:
1515:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1458:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1398:
1386:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:12.7×99mm NATO
1212:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:7.62×51mm NATO
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:5.56×45mm NATO
1162:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
990:An adjustable
987:
984:
983:
982:
971:
964:
962:
949:
942:
940:
936:Picatinny rail
923:
916:
914:
905:
898:
896:
879:
872:
870:
861:
854:
834:
831:
784:
781:
777:Raufoss Mk 211
682:7.62×51mm NATO
649:
646:
632:selective fire
591:Special forces
573:semi-automatic
564:
561:
550:objective lens
538:assault rifles
529:
526:
518:prone position
482:
479:
440:
437:
413:
410:
405:
404:Classification
402:
392:
389:
248:
245:
241:breech loading
181:
178:
160:semi-automatic
144:anti-personnel
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4954:
4943:
4942:Sniper rifles
4940:
4939:
4937:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Most-produced
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:Muzzleloading
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3763:Breechloading
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:Muzzle shroud
3526:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3516:Stripper clip
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:High-capacity
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:Mauser rifles
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:Shotgun shell
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Anti-materiel
2909:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
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2224:Plaster, John
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2030:everyspec.com
2027:
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1357:Carbine rifle
1355:
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1347:Assault rifle
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845:
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796:free-floating
792:
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766:
763:(12.7×99mm),
762:
757:
755:
747:
743:
739:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
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702:Western world
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
675:
666:
662:
658:
654:
647:
645:
643:
638:
636:
635:battle rifles
633:
628:
623:
619:
611:
606:
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582:
581:gas operation
578:
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398:wear and tear
390:
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345:
341:
337:
336:Karabiner 98k
329:
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320:
313:
309:
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304:Karabiner 98k
300:
296:
294:
288:
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282:
281:ghillie suits
278:
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149:
148:anti-materiel
145:
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110:
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99:
94:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4789:Arms control
4669:Gun violence
4636:Jungle style
4635:
4608:Gun cultures
4513:Intermediate
4190:Fire forming
4040:Rate of fire
3911:Stadiametric
3889:Transitional
3833:Self-loading
3788:Gas-operated
3748:Blow-forward
3680:Red dot
3590:Squeeze bore
3538:Pistol slide
3523:Muzzle brake
3491:Bottom metal
3038:Machine guns
3020:
2696:Line thrower
2676:muzzleloader
2672:Breechloader
2437:cite journal
2428:
2403:
2399:
2378:cite journal
2369:
2350:
2331:
2312:
2291:
2270:
2244:
2236:the original
2231:
2218:
2204:
2202:
2195:. Retrieved
2191:
2182:
2168:
2166:
2163:the original
2158:
2148:
2132:
2125:. Retrieved
2121:the original
2116:
2106:
2094:. Retrieved
2090:the original
2085:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2055:
2045:
2035:February 19,
2033:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2001:the original
1996:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1965:the original
1960:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:the original
1927:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1896:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:the original
1834:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1779:
1753:. Retrieved
1741:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1704:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1600:
1595:
1587:
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1574:
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1531:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1408:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1375:
1352:Battle rifle
1325:Scout sniper
1276:
1260:
1249:
1245:
1240:1,800–2,300
1230:1,500–2,000
1220:1,500–2,000
1210:1,200–1,500
1128:
1113:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1064:
1020:Capabilities
1015:
997:
989:
980:attachments.
975:(MK 22 PSR)
973:Barrett MRAD
836:
827:
815:muzzle brake
812:
805:
793:
786:
758:
751:
730:(7.2×64mm),
725:
717:Mosin–Nagant
710:
690:.303 British
679:
670:
639:
615:
586:battle rifle
566:
554:
531:
511:
468:
449:
445:
442:
433:
407:
394:
391:21st century
382:
356:
332:
289:
277:Lovat Scouts
273:South Africa
250:
247:20th century
225:
183:
133:sniper rifle
132:
130:
76:
67:
48:
4903:Legislation
4855:in the U.S.
4806:Disarmament
4801:Gun control
4498:Handloading
4285:Dummy round
4157:Cooking off
4152:Malfunction
4140:Field strip
4135:Maintenance
4025:Penetration
3988:Match grade
3906:Mathematics
3838:Single-shot
3778:Closed bolt
3692:Scope mount
3655:Holographic
3645:Finderscope
3533:Pistol grip
3511:Speedloader
3365:Telescoping
3345:Breechblock
3218:Gatling gun
3117:Pump action
2758:Single-shot
2681:Combination
2197:25 February
2159:Swat Digest
2127:25 February
2096:25 February
1845:25 February
1790:25 February
1718:25 February
1252:7.62×54mm R
1075:milliradian
986:Accessories
888:Lee–Enfield
844:iron sights
704:and within
698:Vietnam War
674:match grade
659:rifle with
657:Sako TRG-42
569:bolt-action
452:West German
424:sniper team
369:Vietnam War
265:Lee–Metford
251:During the
205:Crimean War
156:bolt action
125:German Army
62:introducing
4707:Gun safety
4702:Gunfighter
4493:Centrefire
4475:Cartridges
4455:Snake shot
4395:Round shot
4385:Projectile
4370:Incendiary
4268:Ammunition
4227:Propellant
4195:Obturation
4167:Squib load
4095:ammunition
3933:Accurizing
3869:Ballistics
3783:Electronic
3702:Telescopic
3553:Recoil pad
3412:Firing pin
3387:Bump stock
3350:Breechface
3291:Components
3283:components
3136:Ammunition
2884:Wallet gun
2828:Pepper-box
2773:Spring-gun
2768:Smoothbore
2763:Sleeve gun
2262:References
2086:World Guns
1815:26 October
1617:World Guns
1425:2013-11-18
1272:14.5×114mm
1268:12.7×108mm
1256:fieldcraft
1236:14.5×114mm
1226:12.7×108mm
1200:900–1,200
1190:800–1,000
1186:7.62×54mmR
1180:800–1,000
1150:range (m)
1145:Cartridge
1132:brain stem
1001:, such as
823:suppressor
769:14.5×114mm
765:12.7×108mm
746:M82A1 SASR
713:7.62×54mmR
627:logistical
599:combatants
575:, usually
306:with 4×36
232:Birmingham
171:centerfire
137:long-range
70:April 2023
45:references
4747:Gun shops
4697:Forensics
4672:and
4618:Gun shows
4360:Frangible
4350:Expanding
4302:Gas check
4297:Flechette
4280:Cannelure
4205:Gunpowder
4162:Hang fire
4130:Firefight
3983:Lock time
3973:Headspace
3938:Bore axis
3823:Repeating
3773:Open bolt
3687:Magnifier
3573:Auto sear
3479:Wheellock
3474:Flintlock
3452:Half-cock
3407:Extractor
3308:Feed ramp
3238:Tommy Gun
3228:M1 Garand
3163:.410 bore
3127:Sawed-off
3102:Coach gun
3016:Repeating
3009:Polygonal
2933:Automatic
2916:Anti-tank
2801:Derringer
2691:Flare gun
2526:Dan Lilja
2066:17 August
2010:17 August
1974:17 August
1938:17 August
1907:17 August
1876:17 August
1755:17 August
1264:12.7×99mm
1156:5.45×39mm
1073:(0.9–1.7
951:M2010 ESR
642:M110 SASS
544:(such as
293:gunsmiths
257:magazines
194:hexagonal
174:cartridge
98:7.62×51mm
4936:Category
4908:Politics
4828:Gun laws
4759:Gunsmith
4647:Politics
4566:industry
4488:Caseless
4290:Snap cap
4183:Ignition
4174:Ricochet
4115:Dry fire
4091:Shooting
4018:Velocity
3884:Terminal
3879:External
3843:Slamfire
3828:Revolver
3743:Blowback
3610:Tapering
3585:Silencer
3548:Receiver
3486:Magazine
3442:Foregrip
3432:Freebore
3402:Cylinder
3360:Rotating
3323:Trunnion
3189:Historic
3080:Shotguns
2999:Marksman
2977:Elephant
2879:Starting
2838:Revolver
2806:Duelling
2796:Cane gun
2788:Handguns
2748:Riot gun
2716:Takedown
2701:Long gun
2686:Elephant
2590:glossary
2582:Firearms
2479:cite web
1746:Archived
1631:(1993).
1282:See also
1170:600–800
1160:600–800
1055:Tango 51
1025:Accuracy
1007:monopods
719:and the
648:Magazine
557:reticles
426:with an
412:Military
379:(bottom)
359:regiment
348:trenches
344:foxholes
322:Russian
236:marksman
4895: (
4862:License
4630:Hunting
4578:Society
4558:Society
4535:Wildcat
4530:Pinfire
4460:Spitzer
4390:Raufoss
4332:Bullets
4322:Wadding
4237:Cordite
4215:Rimfire
4145:Fouling
4125:Gunshot
4103:Gunshot
3943:Caliber
3926:Metrics
3857:Physics
3758:Boxlock
3731:Actions
3717:Zeroing
3712:Thermal
3670:Reticle
3640:Diopter
3615:Trigger
3462:Striker
3437:Forearm
3422:Fluting
3392:Chamber
3380:Tilting
3370:Flapper
3330:Bayonet
3318:Threads
3082: (
3004:Rifling
2992:Varmint
2982:Express
2972:Buffalo
2967:Hunting
2950:Carbine
2921:Assault
2896: (
2823:Machine
2743:Pen gun
2738:Net gun
2733:Needler
2725: (
2706:Carbine
2627:History
2610:Firearm
2584: (
2420:1986064
2211:, 1993.
2056:Fbo.gov
1997:Fbo.gov
1961:Fbo.gov
1897:Fbo.gov
1866:Fbo.gov
932:chassis
907:M24 SWS
808:fluting
788:Barrels
761:.50 BMG
500:reticle
458:at the
291:German
180:History
152:snipers
58:improve
4692:Deaths
4674:safety
4562:safety
4440:Meplat
4420:Tracer
4247:Ramrod
4200:Primer
4045:Recoil
4008:Energy
4003:Muzzle
3675:Reflex
3632:Sights
3580:Shroud
3563:Safety
3457:Linear
3447:Hammer
3375:Roller
3303:Barrel
3056:Medium
3021:Sniper
2962:Double
2938:Battle
2894:Rifles
2833:Pocket
2811:Pistol
2753:Rotary
2711:Musket
2642:Weapon
2632:Safety
2594:topics
2592:, and
2418:
2357:
2338:
2319:
2300:
2277:
1780:Enotus
1670:
1416:
1270:, and
1003:bipods
977:(2013)
954:(2011)
928:(1996)
910:(1988)
884:(1970)
866:(1969)
783:Barrel
771:, and
620:rifle
563:Action
163:action
47:, but
4525:Paper
4483:Blank
4450:ABCBC
4435:Minié
4380:HEIAP
4365:Green
4317:Sabot
4050:Group
3958:Gauge
3793:Lever
3768:Break
3665:Laser
3650:Globe
3620:guard
3600:Stock
3595:Choke
3263:Glock
3258:M1911
3243:MP 40
3203:AR-15
3198:AK-47
3061:Heavy
3051:Light
2615:lists
2471:(PDF)
2416:JSTOR
2141:teams
2004:(PDF)
1993:(PDF)
1968:(PDF)
1957:(PDF)
1749:(PDF)
1738:(PDF)
1712:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
1368:Notes
992:sling
881:L42A1
839:stock
833:Stock
800:stock
622:(DMR)
610:M40A3
522:bipod
498:PSO-1
326:with
310:ZF39
308:Zeiss
140:rifle
4893:Laws
4797:Arms
4752:list
4730:list
4570:laws
4518:list
4400:SLAP
4345:Cast
4093:and
4013:Rise
3808:Pump
3753:Bolt
3697:Tang
3660:Iron
3568:Sear
3501:Drum
3496:Clip
3469:Lock
3355:Bolt
3335:Belt
3313:Slug
3175:Slug
3170:Shot
3122:Riot
3084:list
3026:list
2987:Punt
2955:list
2943:list
2926:list
2898:list
2855:list
2843:list
2816:list
2727:list
2586:list
2491:help
2450:help
2391:help
2355:ISBN
2336:ISBN
2317:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2275:ISBN
2199:2019
2139:SWAT
2133:The
2129:2019
2098:2019
2068:2013
2062:Desk
2037:2011
2012:2013
1976:2013
1940:2013
1909:2013
1903:Desk
1878:2013
1872:Desk
1847:2019
1817:2014
1792:2019
1757:2013
1720:2019
1668:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1059:mrad
1053:The
1009:and
773:20mm
706:NATO
571:and
540:and
469:The
373:XM21
338:and
259:and
184:The
119:The
4465:VLD
4312:PCA
3558:Rim
3248:Uzi
3208:M16
3066:SAW
2637:War
2622:Gun
2408:doi
2135:FBI
1096:M24
1035:MOA
817:or
721:SVD
579:or
377:M40
346:or
230:of
158:or
105:MOA
4938::
4564:,
4560:,
2588:,
2483::
2481:}}
2477:{{
2441::
2439:}}
2435:{{
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2201:.
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2131:.
2115:.
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2058:.
2054:.
2028:.
1995:.
1959:.
1926:.
1899:.
1895:.
1868:.
1864:.
1833:.
1808:.
1778:.
1765:^
1740:.
1703:.
1682:^
1608:^
1566:^
1500:^
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767:,
616:A
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2014:.
1978:.
1942:.
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1880:.
1849:.
1819:.
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