Predestination in Islam - Knowledge (XXG)

1582:) is "the true essence" of divinity, "God can only do and only wishes what is salutary for human beings". (Based on verses Q.3:104, Q.22:10, Q.4:81.) He not only orders people to do that which is good and forbids them to do that which is reprehensible, he abstains from doing evil Himself. The evil in the world comes instead from Man's/human beings' free will. Man (the human race), therefore, is "the genuine “creator” (khāliq) of his actions". After the dispute between the Qadarites and Jabarites, majority of Muslims community at that time followed the middle path dictated by the Quran and Sunnah, "between the two extremes". 4077: 2067:. God sends an angel to put a soul into the body, and the angel writes down the decree that God has made; their life-spans, their actions, their sustenances (how much they will earn throughout their lifetime) and whether they will be dwellers of paradise or a dweller of hell. This Taqdir encompassed, controlled, and could be intervened by Taqdir al-Azali, and Taqdir al-Bashari. The basis of this Taqdir is a hadith about Taqdir al-'Umri which recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari, (VII/210, no. 3208), Sahih Muslim, (VIII/44, no. 2643), dan record of 2140:

al-‘Aam/Azali; the highest order of fates stage. Meanwhile, Taqdir Sanawi and al-Umri is regulated by angels, they also still depended to Taqdir al-Bashari; which are second only to Taqdir al-'Aam in priority. These two highest Taqdirs are controlled directly by God, where Taqdir al-'Aam also control and bound the entire universe and creations, including the angels themselves, as the angels did not have knowledge about Taqdir al-Bashari, and Taqdir al-'Aam, as per explanation of Ibn Hajar about

2437:

everything has already decreed by the Creator has given problems for theologians and philosophers, even for the single matter of the aspect about the relationship between predestination and free will. Cedomir Nestorovic asserts that the limited acceptance of free-will might have influence on the Islamic market place. The belief in free-will might motivate an individual to change the order of things. If there is a lack of belief in free-will, it is unlikely for a company to make changes.

1578:, during their reign, took the theological position that God had bestowed the caliphate on them, just as the Qurʾān described the bestowing of a caliphate on Adam (Q.2:30). Among their opponents were Qādarī who asserted "human free will in some form", such as that the good acts of any person come from God, but their bad acts (including those of God's caliph) come from themselves. The Mu‘tazili school argued that since justice ( 7155: 2028:. God took out all of the progeny of Adam (i.e. all of the humans from the beginning of time until the end of time), and asked them "Am I not your Lord?" and all of the humans responded "We testify that You are our Lord!" Then Allah decreed to them who shall go to paradise and who shall go to hell. This Taqdir encompassed, controlled, and could be intervened by Taqdir al-Azali. The basis of this Taqdir are 9050: 2573:"Nor would thy Lord be the One to destroy communities for a single wrong-doing, if its members were likely to mend. If thy Lord had so willed, He could have made mankind one people: but they will not cease to dispute. Except those on whom thy Lord hath bestowed His Mercy: and for this did He create them: and the Word of thy Lord shall be fulfilled: 'I will fill Hell with jinns and men all together."(Q. 2195:) warns "that providence" (the seeming conflict of divine decree with human free will) is such a secret that even God's most obedient and holy creatures were not let in on the mystery. As a result, the scholars emphasized that providence is a secret of Allah and that "going too deeply into it philosophically" will lead to "misguidance". Meanwhile, in the 35th article of Tahawi creed, 2547:"He has ordained for you ˹believers˺ the Way which He decreed for Noah, and what We have revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ and what We decreed for Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, ˹commanding:˺ 'Uphold the faith, and make no divisions in it.' What you call the polytheists to is unbearable for them. Allah chooses for Himself whoever He wills, and guides to Himself whoever turns ˹to Him˺."(Q. 717: 7144: 1252: 650: 2681:)? He said: "To believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day and the divine decree, both good and bad." Jibreel said to him: You have spoken the truth. He said: We were amazed that he asked him and then confirmed his answers as being correct. The Prophet said: "That was Jībreel, who came to teach you your religion." 59: 2317:

He wills, He can replace a given destiny with another one; and that is what is called indefinite destiny. Some of these changes of destiny, thus, are brought about by man himself, who can through his free will, his decisions, and his way of life lay the groundwork for a change in his destiny as has been pointed out in the verse:

2629:"For each one there are successive angels before and behind, protecting them by Allah’s command. Indeed, Allah would never change a people’s state ˹of favour˺ until they change their own state ˹of faith˺. And if it is Allah’s Will to torment a people, it can never be averted, nor can they find a protector other than Him." (Q. 2089:(Night of Decree) where God sends down his decrees from heaven to earth, in it he destines the actions (deeds, sustenance, births, deaths, etc.) of creation for the next year. The word Qadar should not be confused with Qadr; Qadar is destiny, Qadr is that which has been destined. The basis of this Taqdir are 3765:

20 Abu 'Abdulllah Muhammad Bin Yazid Bin 'Abdullah Bin Majah Al-Quzwaini, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitab: Muqaddimah, Bab: Iman, Hadis No 63, Lihat juga At-Tirmizi, Kitab: Al-Iman, Bab: M± J± Fi Wa¡fi Jibr³li Linnabiyyi ¢allallahu 'Alaihi Wasallama Al-³m±na. 21 Abu Daud Sulaiman bin Al-Asy'ats As-Sijistani,

1589:

in 750 CE, the Qādarī movement "either faded out or was absorbed into the rationalist Muʿtazila movement". The next two schools that felt the need to reconcile the idea of an omnipotent God (creating everything including human actions) with a just God (who does not hold human beings responsible for

2385:

their life is only following God's decree? How can human beings be responsible for this, and even punished with eternal torment in hell for it? According to Justin Parrott of the Islamic Yaqeen Institute, "it has been an important issue throughout history", addressed by the ancient Greek philosopher

2274:

However, according to Encyclopedia.com (drawing from W. Montgomery Watt and Asma Afsaruddin), contemporary Imāmīs, aka Twelver Shi'a, "in general, subscribe to the doctrine of divine determination with a nod in the direction of free will; Ismāʿīlī views are not dissimilar. The Zaydī Shīʿī are closer

1929:

is not an issue in major Sunni Islam sources, as they held the rationale that both could coexist. In orthodox Islam, God's control over what happens in his creation is absolute. "Allah has decreed all things from eternity". He knows that they will happen, when they will happen, how they will happen,

2343:

Iranian scholar Naser Makarem Shirazi asserts that "belief in predestination is a denial of justice", and that there is free will in Islam, but at the same time (according to him) God has foreknowledge of everything in the future. He tackles the paradox of God knowing man will commit a certain sin,

2316:

To show that there is no contradiction between being predestined, and free will, Shiites state that matters relating to human destiny are of two kinds: definite and indefinite. To explain the definitive one, Shiites argue that God has definite power over the whole of existence, however, so whenever

2511:

for 30 years), notes that "al-Ash'ari's 'solution' will seem more like a semantic trick to than a genuine solution" to non-Muslim Westerners today. "But before you criticize" this attempt to reconcile free will with divine determinism, "remember that no solution to this perennial problem" has been

2431:

complains that the "system of predestination" turns men into "automata", undermining "the notion of moral responsibility" and the justification for the harsh punishment of hellfire. According to Maria De Cillis, the political consequences of the free will against determinism debate has extended to

2384:

The question regarding predestination has been raised by the early Islamic rationalist Muʿtazila school of thought, if everything that has happened and will happen, including all acts of good and evil, has already been determined by God, doesn't that mean that everything a human being does during

4847:

Tafsir Al-Mukhtashar / Markaz Tafsir Riyadh; Tafsir Al-Muyassar Ministry of Saudi Arabia; Zubdatut Tafsir Min Fathil Qadir Islamic University of Medina; Tafsir Al-Wajiz by Wahbah al-Zuhaily; Tafsir Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah ; Tafsir as-Sa'di by Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di ; concise Tafseer by

2436:

field; as it breached into the realm of politics as this matter has relationship with the social context; (for example, when tyrannical and corrupt authorities encourage fatalism to point out that these maladies are "divinely willed and preordained"). According to Justin Parrott, The though that

2419:

has specify the difference between a non free act and an acquired act, that "To acquire" in this context means the person perform his act freely by virtue of physical forces generated by the joined acts. Such act was related with the concept which led to divide reward or punishment. al-Bāqillānī

1475:

also refers to predestination in Islam, the "absolute decree of the Divine", and comes from the same Q-D-R three consonant root, but is of a different "grammatical orders and thus not considered interchangeable" with Qadr. In Arabic it literally means ‘making a thing according to a measure’, or

3766:

Sunan Abu Daud, Kitab: As-sunnah, Bab: Fill Qadri, No. 4999, atau 4077. Lihat juga Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitab: Al-Muqadimah, Bab: Fi Al-Qadr, No. 77, 22 Abu Abdurrahman Ali bin As-Sayyid Al-W±hifi, Qadha dan Qadar Dalam Pandangan Ulama Salaf, terj; Ali murta«o, (Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2005), h. 64

2139:

could change one's destiny", that means the action of good deed such as prayer are indeterminate from the perspective of Taqdir Yawmi, which could change the predestined priority of Taqdir al-'Umri; However, such changes of fate was already recorded and calculated from the perspective of Taqdir

2344:

and man's free will to commit it by postulating the existence of a machine so advanced that it can predict the occurrence of an event some hours in advance. Yet one would not say the machine compelled that event to occur; likewise, God's perfect knowledge doesn't compel man to commit sins.

2122:

Ibn Taymiyya explained that these levels of fate is that mortal's fate depends on the good deeds or bad deeds of a person, indicating the freedom of choice which could change the predetermined fate of 'Umri, Sanawi, and Yawmi, thus Ibn Taymiyya concluded that the "free will" of humans and

3909: 1869:

are essentially not consented God. Meanwhile, Ibn Taymiyya further described this means human cannot blame the fate for their own misdeeds, since such things were demonstrated and acted upon by themselves during their lifetime, despite already prescribed in their fate.

1497:

is also found in the Quran in several verses, especially one revealed in reply to criticism of Muḥammad's military strategy (go out to Mount Uhud to fight when Muslims were attacked in Medina by the Meccans) that some Muslims complained led to unnecessary loss of life:

4402: 1656:, viewed that God knew the mortals acts. Justin Parrott from muslimmatters.org magazine, has stated that "from a purely rational standpoint", it may seem impossible for God to have absolute knowledge and power over all action in the universe, 1506:(The verse expresses a different point of view—that acts are not predetermined, but their outcome is—than the later theological position that God knows/determines everything that happens.) The Qurʾān also speaks specifically of the supply of 2242:

belief, all active possibilities are created by God and humans act in accordance with their free intention to choose which action they follow. In this way, the intention precedes the created action and capacity by which actions are acquired

2735:

Narrator: Salman Al-Farsi | Sahih Al-Tirmidhi |Page or number: 2139 | Grade: hasan (healthy narration), supported by Al-Bazzar (2540), and Al-Tabarani (6/251) (6128) | investigator: Al-Albani. Silsilah Al-Ahadith Ash-Sahihah, no. 154,

2559:"As for those who persist in disbelief, it is the same whether you warn them or not—they will never believe. Allah has sealed their hearts and their hearing, and their sight is covered. They will suffer a tremendous punishment." (Q. 2150:

then concluded that in this context, the concept of fate or destiny does not contradict the existence of human's free will, since some fates or Taqdirs can be changed into another fates which already prepared by God. Furthermore,

2716:"As for someone who is one of the people of happiness, it is easy for him to perform the actions of happiness. As for someone who is one of the people of wretchedness, it is easy for him to perform the actions of wretchedness." 2372:

in Ismaili doctrine. They wrote that humans were not able to fully grasp the Qur’anic truths in their exoteric and esoteric essence. Human knowledge, therefore required guidance from the authoritative imams of Ismaili faith.

4228:

Majmu' al-Fatawa, (VIII/107, 179, 262-268); Rasa-il Fi al-'Aqida, p. 38-39; 'Iqtidha' ash-Shirath al-Mustaqim, (II/858-859); Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah, (III/65-78); Lum'at al-I'tiqad bi Sharh Muhammad ibn 'Uthaymin, p.

2340:. So God has the power to change everything he wills and God's creativity is continuous. Accordingly, as Sobhani puts it, "all groups in Islam regard "bada" as a tenet of the faith, even if not all actually use the term." 2512:"able to resolve the problem to the satisfaction of non-believers". Encyclopedia.com also shares criticism of the reasoning of the Ashʿarīyah: "Other scholars, even Sunnī theologians like the Māturīdīyah, found the term 2163:

which stated "a supplication could prolong one's lifespan". Salih explained that in broader sense, this Hadith explained that one's fated death could be delayed and misfortunes could averted based on good deeds.

1332:

and all-powerful, everything that has happened and will happen in the universe is already known. At the same time, human beings are responsible for their actions, and will be rewarded or punished accordingly on

4749: 2688:

as narrating the hadith above along with the saying that: "If one of them were to spend gold the like of Uhud (mountain) in charity, it would not be accepted by Allah from him until he believes in Al-Qadar";

2489:

in his commentary preface, Ibn Taymiyya consider this Taqdir was actually a similar entity with Taqdir al-'Aam. thus, he concise the type of Taqdir only 4, which is al-'Aam, al-'Umri, Sanawi, and Yawmi in

1689:"God has foreknowledge of everything ... Even if the fate of man's soul is predetermined, he (man) has no way of knowing what that fate is, and therefore it behooves him to strive for Allah's favor." ( 2389:

over 2000 years ago. Orientalist Alfred Guillaume points out the dilemma "has exercised the minds" of theologians of all religions "which claim to present" a god that is both almighty and moral.

5594: 2636:"Whatever good befalls you is from Allah and whatever evil befalls you is from yourself. We have sent you ˹O Prophet˺ as a messenger to ˹all˺ people. And Allah is sufficient as a Witness." (Q. 4205: 1953:

trauma; has illustrated the concept of Qada and Qadar based on her interviews with the local Muslims, who regards the Tsunami disaster (and other retroactive inevitable experience such as

2660:

scholar; has used this verse as argument to refute the docrines of both Qadariyah and Jabriyya at once, as he argued the verse has proven that predestination and free will could coexist.

6904: 5627: 1957:) as a "Qada"; or fixed destiny which should be accepted as inevitable, while Qadar was something to be strived upon since its result still indeterminate from the perspective of human. 6786: 4906:

A brief explanation of the text of the Aqidah of the Thahawiyah: the creed of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah (original title: At-Tali'qat Al-Mukhtasharah ala Matni Al-Aqidah Ath-Thahawiyah)

2420:

recognised that a person had the capacity to act in such a way as to make their actions coincide with what God wanted or rejected, thereby conferring moral connotations upon actions.

1522:

The question of how to reconcile God's absolute power with human responsibility for their actions, led to "one of the earliest sectarian schisms" in Islam, between the Qadarites (aka

6154: 2566:"If God had willed, He would have made you one community; but He leads astray whom He will, and guides whom He will; and will surely be questioned about the things you wrought." (Q. 2427:

Critics have accused Muhammad of making "no effort to grapple with the difficulty his self-contradictory revelations on this subject caused to subsequent thinker." Critic of Islam

4971:

al-Maturidi al-Samarqandi, Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmoud (1970). Kitab at-Tawhid (English Introduction by Fathallah Kholeif) Beirut: Dar El-Machreq. p. xxxiv-xxxvi.

2835: 7218: 6771: 3465:

Abdul Basir Solissa; Alim Roswantoro; Fahruddin Faiz; H. Zuhri; Muzairi; Muhammad Taufiq; Mutiullah; Robby H. Abror; Shofiyullah Muzammil (2018). Zulkarnain, Iskandar (ed.).

3573: 2615:"As for Thamûd, We showed them guidance, but they preferred blindness over guidance. So the blast of a disgracing punishment overtook them for what they used to commit." (Q. 1802:– Writing: i.e., that God has wrote everything that exists including the destiny of all creatures in al-Lawhu 'l-Mahfuz prior to creation. Also called God's "pre-recording". 2332:

lit. "mutability") concerning His knowledge. So the first type of destiny does not mean a limitation of God's power; since God, in contrast to the belief of Jews who said

1617:(moderate Jabriyya). Al-Shahrastani explained that the first group was the first generation was consisted of Ja'd ibn Dirham and his successors, who completely rejected 6870: 1636:

site IslamQA stated that predestination is one of those issues which God urges Muslims to not delve too much; including the fate of person's if he or she would enter

3218: 9024: 4853: 3673: 1660:

for humans to be responsible for their actions. Thus, Parrott stated that certain divine realities such as predestination are outside the limits of the human mind.

2601:"No calamity befalls on the earth or in yourselves but is inscribed in the Book of Decrees before We bring it into existence. Verily, that is easy for Allah." (Q. 1974:; fate, verbal noun of Qadar), where Qadar is determined and prescribed/sent to creation, which divided the fate into 5 type in accordance of its priorities: 7191: 5620: 2415:

for it, because they have "acquired" the act. Humans only have the power to decide between the given possibilities God has created. Maria De Cillis explains

2305:

God can not "be deemed either the creator of actions or the One wishing wicked human actions". Sheikh al-Mufīd (d. 1022), member of Baghdad's Imamite school.

4876: 6801: 5396:

Grade: Sahih (Al-Albani); Reference : Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 903 In-book reference : Book 38, Hadith 16 English translation : Book 38, Hadith 903

3541: 3466: 5014: 1625:, who only rejected certain aspects of "mortal's will" attribute, by adopting Jabriyya element of doctrine of assimilating willed act with compelled act. 2213:

to support the notion of al-Tahawi to refute the Jabriyya and Qadariyya, that both will of God and will of creatures existed with different priorities.

1930:

and "He has written that and willed it". This includes "the pettiest of human or other, affairs", not withstanding "the grandeur of God's cosmic role".

7697: 6875: 6791: 4861: 3745: 3669: 2156: 4279:[A Muslim stance in response of misfortune] (in Indonesian). Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Atsari (YPIA) Al-Atsari Islamic Education Foundation 7329: 6892: 2111:(fate of daily): God decrees the daily fate of his creations; whether its their acts, wills, emotions, or interactions. The basis of this Taqdir is 1950: 3698: 2594:"Verily, We have created all things with Qadar (Divine Preordainments) of all things before their creation as written in the Book of Decrees." (Q. 7254: 7249: 6855: 6776: 5613: 5064:. Translated and Edited by Reza Shah-Kazemi. London - New York: I.B.Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies. pp. 159–163. 4302:[Ibnul Qayyim's Tips on Facing Bad Fate] (in Indonesian). Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Atsari (YPIA) Al-Atsari Islamic Education Foundation 2970: 433: 2223:

has taken a different approach, as his stance about predestination stemmed from linguistic. He explicitly denied the ability of human beings to

6796: 5744: 1997:) before any creations. The content of this Taqdir are all that has happened and will happen, which will come to pass as written. According to 1822:– Creation and formation: i.e., that everything is God's creation, including the actions of His creations, and even including the theoretical " 5292:

Nestorović, Č. "Islamic Marketing: Understanding the Socio-Economic." Cultural, and Politico-Legal Environment (2016, Springer) at 243 (2016).

7324: 7301: 6806: 6763: 5529: 5477: 5261: 5174: 4252: 3879: 3441: 2271:, which states that God has not set a definite course for human history. Instead, God may alter the course of human history as God sees fit. 1551:(d.699 CE), was considered as the forerunner of the predestination rejectionists in Islamic community as he questioned the essence of Fate. 320: 7657: 8457: 8432: 7407: 1485:

Based on what has been preserved of the poetry of pre-Islamic Arabs, it is thought that they believed that the date of the person's death (

4811:"Hadith 4, 40 Hadith an-Nawawi - Forty Hadith of an-Nawawi - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)" 1502:"If you had been in your houses, those for whom killing was written down would have sallied out to the places of their falling" (Q.3:154). 2313:

d.1022), claiming that "the Tablet is the Book of Almighty Allah in which He has written all that will be till the Day of Resurrection".

1933:

In response about the polemical debate regarding the issue of "Will of God" (predestination) vs "Will of creatures/mortals" (free will),

8752: 4766:

Published in the Journal of Islamic Research, Issue 15, pp. 257-267, (Collection of Fatwas and Various Articles by Sheikh Ibn Baz 2/74);

2152: 898: 5114:"Some Remarks on Free Will and Predestination in Islam, Together with a Translation of the Kitabu-l Qadar from the Sahih of al-Bukhari" 3283:"Some Remarks on Free Will and Predestination in Islam, Together with a Translation of the Kitabu-l Qadar from the Sahih of al-Bukhari" 3245:"Some Remarks on Free Will and Predestination in Islam, Together with a Translation of the Kitabu-l Qadar from the Sahih of al-Bukhari" 2650: 2622:"And say, ˹O Prophet,˺ '˹This is˺ the truth from your Lord. Whoever wills let them believe, and whoever wills let them disbelieve." (Q. 8708: 8055: 7565: 4549: 3330: 2353: 7631: 2328:

Both types of destinies, however, are contained within God's foreknowledge, Shiites argue, so that there could be no sort of change (

8620: 6658: 6612: 6272: 6266: 4960: 4917: 4508: 3484: 2823: 2685: 1758: 498: 2297: 5599: 3609: 3578: 8948: 7184: 6529: 6385: 5920: 5816: 3809: 2006: 1280: 744: 98: 8272: 5319:"Musnad Ahmad » Musnad 'Umar b. al-Khattab (ra) - مُسْنَدِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ » Hadith 191" 4989: 1476:‘occurrence of events according to pre-defined measures, standards or criteria’. It is found in verses Q.41:12, Q.36:38, Q.6:96. 8678: 7412: 7013: 6829: 5415: 3542:"Is that a Muslim can believe in predestination, if so why judge Muslims? Answered according to Hanafi Fiqh by Tafseer Raheemi" 680: 7738: 2945: 1526:), who believed in total free will of humans (and who appeared in Damascus around the end of the seventh century CE); and the 9016: 7078: 6636: 6534: 5425: 3114:

Ibn Ḥajar al-’Asqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ’Alī. Fatḥ al-Bārī bi-Sharḥ al-Bukhārī. (Bayrūt: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1959), 11:477. Quoted in

2282:"human actions are created by God and can "simultaneously" be classified as free actions" and divinely "obligatory actions". 1849:(the Devil), immorality, and bad deeds were created by God; despite God's knowledge about the outcome was to demonstrate the 625: 4609:

Al-Iman bil qadla wa al-qadr inda ahlissunnah wal mu'tazilah iman kpd qadha dan qadar menurut pendapat ahli sunnah mutazilah

4475:

Al-Iman bil qadla wa al-qadr inda ahlissunnah wal mu'tazilah iman kpd qadha dan qadar menurut pendapat ahli sunnah mutazilah

4383: 2285:

Free unless someone had forced the person to do them, and obligatory because they "proceeded from a cause produced by God".

1901:

that a calamity is a concept which included within Qadar or destiny, which it could only happened or averted by God's will.

3089: 8813: 8808: 8547: 7964: 7954: 7909: 7545: 6446: 6205: 5940: 4857: 4674:] (in Indonesian). Translated by H. Masturi Ilham; Malik Supar. East Jakarta, Id: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. pp. 246–250 3665: 369: 6975: 9072: 8747: 6998: 6595: 6451: 6441: 6347: 6058: 401: 6965: 4299: 8931: 7517: 7309: 7291: 7244: 7223: 7177: 7100: 6781: 6549: 6342: 5777: 3846: 3412: 2400: 1041: 1023: 1005: 937: 850: 805: 726: 448: 275: 2403:), reconciles punishment in hell with the doctrine of total divine power over everything, with their own doctrine of 2267:) argues "belief in predestination is a denial of justice". This belief is further emphasized by the Shia concept of 1778: 7824: 4209: 8996: 8267: 7809: 7590: 6860: 6743: 6260: 5737: 4087: 1552: 488: 4187: 9077: 8898: 8014: 6940: 6641: 6470: 6166: 5946: 5909: 5469: 2700: 2309:

The idea of "a tablet" with the future written on it is not unique to Sunni Islam as one Twelver Shi'i scholar (

1738: 1307: 1076: 699: 583: 295: 1530:, who believed in "absolute" divine "determinism and fatalism". One statement of the Qadarite school doctrine ( 9029: 8978: 8823: 8462: 8004: 7355: 7095: 6824: 6648: 6421: 5959: 5411: 4276: 2491: 2059:(lit. fate of age): This occurs when people are in the womb of their mothers, specifically 120 days phase from 856: 515: 315: 8908: 5345:"Jami' at-Tirmidhi » The Book on Faith - كتاب الإيمان عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم » Hadith 2610" 4836: 3984: 3653: 2653: 4500:

Islam and the Limits of the State: Reconfigurations of Practice, Community and Authority in Contemporary Aceh

2880: 2776: 8767: 8664: 8183: 7641: 7550: 6958: 5986: 4840: 2361: 1746: 1564: 1534:

by Al Mahdi lidin Allah Ahmad b. Yaḥyā b. Al Murtaḍā (a.h. 764–840)) arguing against determinism stated:

893: 1649: 8713: 8048: 7974: 7924: 7919: 7885: 7753: 7580: 7570: 7402: 7110: 7039: 7008: 6948: 5930: 5925: 5843: 5640: 4314: 3850: 2322:

Truly, God will not change the condition of a people as long as they do not change Their state themselves.

1902: 1858: 1750: 1334: 788: 754: 564: 330: 3781: 2795:

book Arba'una Hadithan, Kullu Hadithin fi Khaslatayn, p. 139-141 by Prof. Dr. Salih bin Ghanim As-Sadlan.

2103:. This Taqdir encompassed, controlled, and could be intervened by Taqdir al-Azali, and Taqdir al-Bashari. 8853: 8757: 8527: 8490: 8442: 8330: 8009: 7758: 7677: 7056: 7034: 5853: 5730: 5661: 4661: 2264: 2224: 2188: 2132: 1934: 932: 771: 559: 384: 168: 123: 3031: 2016:

and Sahih Muslim chapter VIII Hadith number 51. This Taqdir encompassed and controlled another Taqdirs.

1841:; has stated that any fates whether good or bad are under the command of Divine's will. His successor, 5369: 3352: 1989:(divine fate): Sunni muslims believe the divine destiny is a highest authority of God which Preserved 1544:

Everything happens by the decree and predestination of God except evil works (ألمعاصى "disobediences")

8873: 8522: 7989: 7865: 7799: 7748: 7743: 7672: 7662: 6723: 6630: 6575: 2357: 1914: 1906: 1273: 7880: 4110: 4054: 3416: 8968: 8599: 8537: 8447: 8384: 8294: 8282: 7949: 7860: 7819: 7296: 7261: 6953: 6834: 6728: 6544: 6041: 5838: 5013:

Al-Mufid (10 June 2014). "18. The belief concerning the tablet and the pen (Al-Lawh Wa 'L-Qalam)".

2286: 1938: 1827: 1653: 1548: 1361: 942: 759: 716: 673: 569: 203: 103: 9049: 2697:"There is no one from you who does not have his seat written either in the Fire or in the Garden." 1905:

asserted in the context of fate for a muslim, it is created by God as a test of faith. Meanwhile,

8953: 8916: 8883: 8878: 8843: 8800: 8688: 8659: 8579: 8542: 8077: 7959: 7814: 7575: 7347: 7200: 7115: 7029: 6880: 6816: 6624: 6600: 6277: 6255: 6215: 6018: 5969: 5935: 5826: 5569: 5483: 5141: 5133: 4745: 4720:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Atsari (YPIA) Al-Atsari Islamic Education Foundation 4244:

Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 28 (Part 28): Al-Mujadila 1 to At-Tahrim 12 Volume 28 of Tafsir Ibn Kathir

3294: 3256: 2861: 2750: 2587:"The Lord has created and balanced all things and has fixed their destinies and guided them." (Q. 2486: 2310: 2160: 1990: 1609:

in Islamic academic establishment, where he classified Jabriyya as movement into two groups, the

1403:

In Islam, "predestination" is the usual English language rendering of a belief that Muslims call

1353: 749: 593: 550: 520: 503: 478: 423: 379: 91: 6105: 4844: 4607: 4473: 3657: 2749:, the Book of Al-Qadr, Chapter: “Nothing can ward off destiny except prayer” no. 6. Authored by 2424:

argued that it was "unthinkable" that God "would punish man for what He himself had commanded".

1422:). As per the Sunni understanding, the phrase means "the divine decree and the predestination"; 1489:), was predetermined "no matter what he or she did". A person's "provision" or "sustenance" ( 9006: 8639: 8584: 8574: 8566: 8532: 8417: 8366: 8188: 8041: 7929: 7875: 7794: 7718: 7090: 7085: 6990: 6980: 6970: 6653: 6539: 6491: 6334: 6245: 6006: 5996: 5991: 5981: 5976: 5809: 5706: 5525: 5513: 5473: 5457: 5421: 5257: 5252:

Clark, Malcolm (2019). "4.What Muslims Believe. Stating the Five Essential Beliefs of Islam".

5170: 4956: 4913: 4832: 4713: 4545: 4504: 4248: 3885: 3875: 3749: 3516: 3480: 3447: 3437: 3326: 2819: 2746: 2670: 2508: 2141: 2048: 1742: 1645: 1602: 1538:

God knows that men will commit crimes, but his (fore) knowledge does not impel them so to do.

1357: 1137: 1121: 634: 598: 545: 458: 418: 280: 1812:– Will: i.e., that anything God wills, it would happens and what He does not will not happen. 9082: 8858: 8718: 8670: 8589: 8407: 7999: 7969: 7944: 7789: 7555: 7390: 7120: 7105: 6865: 6570: 6292: 6230: 6220: 6210: 6195: 6001: 5904: 5876: 5764: 5561: 5517: 5125: 4952: 4899: 1726: 1384: 915: 443: 438: 389: 374: 359: 268: 147: 2705:"Messenger of Allah, then should we not rely on what is written for us and abandon action?" 2035:

and a Hadith narrated by a companion of Muhammad named Hisham ibn Hakim, which recorded by

9053: 8958: 8888: 8644: 8594: 8412: 8299: 7984: 7979: 7934: 7395: 7380: 7375: 7046: 6753: 6698: 6184: 6144: 6095: 6047: 5821: 5453: 4895: 2451: 2407:(acquisition). According to it, while any and all acts, including human acts of evil, are 2196: 2172: 2002: 1970: 1881: 1765:; even goes so far that he branded the early Qadariyah (predestination rejectionists) as " 1754: 1669: 1468: 1413: 1365: 1299: 1266: 1216: 1071: 976: 868: 578: 394: 354: 343: 325: 228: 173: 86: 6498: 2756: 1853:

of consequences of a person's choice in the aftermath, where such deeds would become the

5503: 5435:

Frolov, Dmitry V. (2001). "Freedom and Predestination". In Jane Dammen McAuliffe (ed.).

4901:

Penjelasan ringkas matan al-Aqidah ath-Thahawiyah : akidah ahlus sunnah wal jama'ah

4411:] (in Arabic). OBEKAN – العبيكان, مجموعة زاد, مكتبة العبيكان. 2016. pp. 348–349 4404:

TAFSIR AL ZAHRAWAIN SURAH AL BAQARAH WA AL IMRAN – تفسير الزهراوين سورة البقرة وآل عمران

4318: 8818: 8485: 8309: 8304: 8277: 8146: 7914: 7890: 7870: 7850: 7385: 7266: 7158: 6885: 6738: 6580: 6282: 5227: 4782: 4778: 3980: 2643: 2456: 2278:

Some positions taken by leading Shi'i scholars (quotes from Maria De Cillis) include:

2147: 2086: 1823: 1698: 1690: 1598: 1388: 1383:) did not accept the doctrine of predestination; Predestination is not included in the 1345: 1314: 1226: 1171: 1100: 1051: 1011: 927: 824: 732: 666: 538: 525: 483: 428: 42: 4612:(in Indonesian). Jakarta, Id: Fakultas Dirasah Islamiyah UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. 2012 4592: 4478:(in Indonesian). Jakarta, Id: Fakultas Dirasah Islamiyah UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. 2012 4464:

Al-Qadhaa' wal Qadar, Syaikh Dr. 'Umar al-Asyqar, hal. 27; Ta-wiil Musykilil Qur-aan,

4451: 3988: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3383: 3117: 9066: 8728: 8629: 8221: 8126: 7804: 7728: 7702: 7636: 7061: 6898: 6748: 6287: 6250: 6225: 6110: 5465: 5145: 4843:; Abu Bakar Jabir al-Jazairi; Muhammad bin Shalih asy-Syawi; Marwan Hadidi bin Musa. 4019: 3694: 2220: 1854: 1834: 1618: 1427: 1313:, meaning literally "power", but translated variously as: "divine fore-ordainment", " 1211: 1129: 1116: 1105: 949: 812: 603: 508: 468: 5487: 4131: 8943: 8848: 8838: 8738: 8703: 8683: 8624: 8552: 8437: 8340: 8287: 7994: 7939: 7763: 7692: 7448: 7433: 7271: 7148: 7073: 6733: 6585: 6463: 6179: 5785: 4988:

Shirazi, Naser Makarem (12 May 2015). "The Issue of Predestination and Free Will".

4944: 4641: 4632: 4465: 4153: 3939: 2971:"If things are decreed, then how can a person be called to account for them? 96978" 2678: 2657: 2416: 2232: 2036: 1961: 1875: 1862: 1730: 1683: 1329: 1256: 1231: 739: 654: 610: 347: 79: 68: 7626: 6083: 6071: 2905: 2516:

obscure and unsatisfactory and called the Ashʿarīyah "determinists" (mujbirah )."

2421: 2216: 1913:

that misfortune should be though with positivity for Muslim as it is meant to be "

1622: 1380: 5605: 4665: 4535: 4498: 4354: 4242: 3869: 3729: 3431: 3320: 8921: 8833: 8762: 8698: 8654: 8472: 8427: 8380: 8314: 8158: 8121: 7855: 7779: 7585: 6710: 6200: 6139: 6066: 5953: 5676: 4939:

Michael G. Carter, "The Andalusian Grammarians: Are they Different?" Taken from

4730: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4073: 3146: 3093: 2461: 2397: 2176: 2128: 2029: 1942: 1895: 1606: 1560: 1236: 1221: 1046: 406: 364: 288: 24: 4328: 3508: 3172: 2555:... and in particular God's control over each humans destiny in the afterlife: 2118:

This Taqdir encompassed, controlled, and could be intervened by Higher Taqdirs.

8986: 8893: 8868: 8828: 8422: 8193: 8178: 8173: 8141: 8116: 7784: 7687: 7606: 7521: 7365: 7003: 6100: 6075: 5696: 5691: 5671: 5129: 4595:[Various kinds of Taqdir] (in Indonesian). Translated by Ahmad Syaikhu 4454:[Various kinds of Taqdir] (in Indonesian). Translated by Ahmad Syaikhu 2608:"Do not say of anything, I am doing that tomorrow, without , If God wills" (Q. 2428: 2393: 1891: 1734: 1591: 1556: 829: 411: 5565: 5381:"Al-Adab Al-Mufrad » Consequences - كتاب عاقبة الأمور » Hadith 903" 3917: 3889: 3753: 3520: 3451: 8649: 8480: 8371: 8168: 8153: 8136: 8131: 8111: 7845: 7733: 7667: 7611: 7560: 7428: 7370: 7360: 6718: 6149: 5964: 5097:

Aristotle's Concept of Chance: Accidents, Cause, Necessity, and Determinism.

4015: 2495: 2446: 2386: 2207: 2192: 2184: 2112: 2090: 2068: 2044: 1998: 1926: 1850: 1842: 1719: 1523: 1369: 1176: 1149: 1145: 1066: 1056: 310: 20: 4028:] (in Arabic). Beirut: Al-Maktab Al-Islami. p. 249. Archived from 1668:

Sunni scholastic communities enumerate Qadar as one aspect of their creed (

1436:

measuring out, aiming, calculating, preparing, being able, and having power

1317:," "divine decree", "decree" of Allah", "preordainment") is the concept of 2868:

Verily! We have sent it (this Quran) down in the night of Al-Qadr (Decree)

2540:"By no means can anything befall us but what God has destined for us" (Q. 1757:

has taught them that the belief of predestination is obligatory in Islam.

1405: 9001: 8634: 8216: 8163: 8064: 7682: 7621: 7616: 7540: 7438: 7051: 6557: 6415: 6367: 6161: 6115: 6079: 5804: 5701: 5681: 5656: 5368:

431 hadith found in 'The Book of Faith (Kitab Al-Iman)' of Sahih Muslim.

2574: 2268: 2239: 2200: 2180: 2168: 2167:

Thereby, based on those tenets about the Taqdirs or fates, classical era

1712: 1705: 1641: 1568: 1527: 1392: 1373: 1318: 1201: 1181: 1061: 1036: 1031: 834: 620: 588: 302: 236: 5573: 5549: 5137: 5113: 4628:

Hafiz ibn Ahmad 'Ali al-Hakami; A’laamus Sunnah al-Mansyuurah; p.129-133

4157: 3706: 3298: 3282: 3260: 3244: 2623: 2616: 2609: 2602: 2595: 2567: 2548: 2210: 2203: 2179:, where they branded polemicists who rejected "free will of mortals" as 2127:

within the frameworks of fate are located under al-'Aam and al-Bashari.

2115: 2032: 2013: 1910: 1898: 1722: 1715: 1708: 1701: 8991: 8693: 8604: 8452: 8399: 8335: 8229: 7463: 7443: 7314: 7233: 7066: 6672: 6360: 6240: 6132: 6125: 6120: 5862: 5666: 4909: 4879:[Book: A Brief Explanation of Matan al-Aqidah ath-Thahawiyah]. 3962: 3943: 3899: 2734: 2719: 2588: 2581: 2541: 2535: 2534:"He knows what is in land and sea; not a leaf falls, but He known it.". 2100: 2097: 2093: 2010: 2009:

had knowledge about Qadr. Ibn Taymiyyah based this kind of Taqdir from

1866: 1838: 1781:, The instruments in fate is based on four things, components aspects: 1586: 1575: 1321: 1207: 1166: 1161: 1141: 993: 956: 908: 903: 778: 453: 130: 2560: 2024:(lit. fate of humans): The next stage of Taqdir after the creation of 2001:, divine destiny the origin of destiny is the secret of God. Not even 8939: 8502: 8089: 7493: 7334: 7169: 6590: 6564: 6523: 6484: 6401: 6314: 6235: 6090: 6036: 6031: 5798: 5522:

The Doctrines of Shi'ism: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices

5118:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

5037: 4948: 3287:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

3249:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

2260: 2248: 2228: 2060: 1674: 1637: 1629: 1349: 1192: 961: 922: 817: 707: 473: 463: 252: 220: 212: 197: 191: 75: 28: 4941:

In the Shadow of Arabic: The Centrality of Language to Arab Culture,

5344: 4542:

Charter - Introduction to the Jurisprudence of the Pillars of Faith

4029: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3610:"Is man's fate pre-destined or does he have freedom of will? 20806" 3579:"Is man's fate pre-destined or does he have freedom of will? 20806" 8495: 8345: 8236: 8211: 8106: 7498: 7488: 7483: 7453: 6839: 6664: 6618: 6606: 6408: 6394: 6353: 6026: 5883: 5869: 5790: 5753: 5686: 5048: 3782:"Belief In Al-Qadar (Divine Decree). The four components of Qadar" 3741: 2646: 2433: 2064: 1954: 1873:

Regarding the non-consensual calamity, misfortune, or affliction,(

1846: 1633: 1341: 1325: 1196: 986: 971: 966: 888: 883: 873: 863: 793: 783: 615: 493: 184: 142: 135: 58: 50: 32: 5600:

Wrestling with Free Will: Reflections on Divine and Human Freedom

5539:

Shah, Mustafa (2013). "Predestination". In Meri, Josef W. (ed.).

3942:(1979). "2". In Ahmad al-Zawi, Tahir; Muhammad al-Tanahi (eds.). 8723: 8506: 8376: 7829: 7723: 7478: 7468: 7458: 7281: 6505: 6477: 6427: 6374: 6319: 5890: 5711: 5651: 5636: 3972: 3953: 2674: 2124: 2025: 1946: 1792:– Knowledge: i.e., that God is the most knowing about everything 1766: 1762: 981: 878: 798: 244: 152: 8788: 8075: 8037: 7515: 7173: 6925: 6693: 6309: 5726: 5722: 5609: 5318: 4810: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4409:

Interpretation of the two lights, Surat Al-Baqarah and Al-Imran

4166:] (in Arabic) (4 ed.). Darul Wafa’ & Dar Ibnu Hazm 3998: 3997:] (in Arabic). Beirut: العاشرة. p. 320. Archived from 1857:'s materials against the person for the court trial during the 1453:) consists of the particulars of the judgment and its details". 8863: 8350: 8250: 5380: 4672:

Akidah Salaf Vs Ilmu Kalam Jilid 2: Akidah Al-Khurasaniyyah #1

4667:

Akidah Salaf Vs Ilmu Kalam Jilid 2: Akidah Al-Khurasaniyyah #2

4656: 4654: 4652: 2692: 2356:, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad al-Nasafī, Ishāq Ibn Ahmad al-Sijistānī, 2293: 2183:, while those who questioned or rejected the "Will of God" as 2136: 5107: 5105: 4218:]. Translated by Ahmad Syaikhu. Pustaka Ibnu Katsir. 2005 3971:] (in Arabic). Dar Al-Hijrah. p. 186. Archived from 2677:

that Jibreel عليه السلام said to the Prophet: What is faith (

2507:

Malcolm Clark, (who taught in the Department of Religion at

2498:

also consider Taqdir Bashari and Taqdir Azali as one entity.

2085:(fate of yearly): an annual decree of fate which occur every 1493:), essentially food, was also pre-determined. The concept of 1368:). In Sunni discourse, those who assert free-will are called 4756:(in Arabic). Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Baz Charitable Foundation 1737:(second generation of Muslims) traditions has reported that 1426:

more closely means "(divine) power", deriving from the root

8033: 4908:] (in Indonesian). Translated by Abdurrahman Nuryaman. 3952:] (in Arabic). Dar al-'Ilm. p. 434. Archived from 3908:] (in Arabic). Dar al-Fikr. p. 434. Archived from 1697:

The sources of the creed are based from Qur'an chapters of

4503:. Leiden Studies in Islam and Society. Brill. p. 35. 4497:

R. Michael Feener; David Kloos; Annemarie Samuels (2015).

3804: 3802: 3509:"Ashʿarī and the Asharites in Islamic Religious History-I" 2630: 2580:"God misleads whom He will and whom He will He guides" (Q. 1937:

classified the destiny as a whole consisted of two parts,

4877:"Buku: Penjelasan Ringkas Matan al-Aqidah ath-Thahawiyah" 4188:"Chapter: Beralasan Dengan Takdir Atas Perbuatan Maksiat" 2783:

Forty hadiths, each hadith deals with two characteristics

2637: 2364:, contributes the development of the understanding about 2259:

Shi'i Twelvers, along with other Shia sects, such as the

3636:

Understanding Islam, An Introduction to the Moslem World

2999:

Routledge, 05.11.2013 1987 isbn 978-1-134-53895-9 p. 156

2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 1960:

Ibn Taymiyya has classified fate into several stages of

1590:

acts God, not they, willed), were the Muʿtazila and the

1555:

has recorded that Ma'bad was influenced by an anonymous

1446:) consists of the entire and complete judgment forever", 1438:. Another source states, that according to scholars: 4625:

Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz; Sharh Aqidah al-Wasitiyah; p.78-80

3810:"The Four Aspects of Belief in Al-Qadr (Divine Decree)" 1541:

God wills nothing but that which is good (p. 12) 3

5602:, Mohammed Hijab, Sapience Institute, 23 October 2021. 4300:"Tips Ibnul Qayyim Dalam Menghadapi Takdir Yang Buruk" 3355:

1.'The Book of Faith (Kitab Al-Iman)' of Sahih Muslim.

3213: 2946:"Reconciling the Divine Decree and Free Will in Islam" 1621:

of mortal's will. Meanwhile, the second group was the

1585:

Following the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty by the

1457:(The name of the 97th surah of the Qur'an is known as 4057:[Syarhus Sunnah: Understanding Destiny #01]. 3638:, A Mentor Book, New American Library, 1982, p.79, 80 3604: 3602: 3600: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3079:, by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20. 3072: 3070: 2263:, reject predestination. At least one Shi'i scholar ( 4544:] (in Arabic). آفاق المعرفة للنشر. p. 155. 4084:

explanation of al-Aqida al-Wasitiyya by Ibn Taymiyya

2289:, a companion of Ja‘far al-Sādiq and also a scholar. 9015: 8977: 8930: 8907: 8799: 8737: 8613: 8565: 8515: 8471: 8398: 8359: 8323: 8260: 8249: 8202: 8097: 8088: 7899: 7838: 7772: 7711: 7650: 7599: 7533: 7421: 7346: 7211: 7022: 6989: 6939: 6848: 6815: 6762: 6709: 6515: 6437: 6384: 6333: 6175: 6057: 6017: 5900: 5852: 5776: 3468:

Kalam; mewacanakan akidah dan meningkatkan keimanan

3419:[Ahl Sunnah are Ahl Wasath] (in Indonesian) 2296:'s theological school and the Shi'i hadith scholar 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4866:Explanation of Quran 2nd Surat Al-Baqarah verse 30 1941:and Qadar. Catherine Smith, an anthropologist and 4429: 4427: 3906:Imam Al-Shafi'i's approach to the issues of faith 3898:Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Aqil (1993). "2". 3565: 3563: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 2816:The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 5300: 5298: 5215:Théories de l’acte Humain en théologie musulmane 3874:(in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i. 2006. 3436:(in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i. 2006. 3219:"Free Will And Predestination: Islamic Concepts" 3057: 3055: 3042: 3040: 3023: 3021: 2818:. Wiesbaden, Germany: Spoken Language Services. 2712:"Everything is easy if you were created for it." 2411:by God, the human being who performs the act is 2227:choose what they say and how they say it, since 1682:"Belief in Qadr or predestination as one of the 4854:Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance 4638:Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm; Ibn Kathir; p.IV/275 4277:"Sikap Seorang Muslim dalam Menghadapi Musibah" 3732:[Insights about taqdir in the hadith]. 3674:Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance 5541:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 5458:"Constituting Identities: Beliefs and Schools" 5075: 5073: 5071: 4716:[Understanding the variants of fate]. 4591:Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al-Hamd (7 August 2009). 4450:Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al-Hamd (7 August 2009). 4113:[Syarhus Sunnah: Understanding fate]. 2396:school of theology, (which is one of the main 1865:to declare that committing grave sins such as 1372:, while those who reject free-will are called 8049: 7185: 5738: 5621: 4791:] (in Arabic). مؤسسة الرسالة. p. 321 4534:Abdullah Hamad 'Abd al-Aziz Al-Rakaf (2022). 3961:Muhammad ibn Khalil Hassan al-Harras (1983). 3924:Diwan of Imam Shafi'i :Quotes of Imam Shafi'i 3919:ديوان الإمام الشافعي: إقتباسات الإمام الشافعي 3473:Kalam. to discuss the creed and elevate faith 1274: 674: 8: 5191:. Oxford University Press. pp. 116–117. 4864:; Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Shawi Foundation. 4363:] (in Arabic). Ahmad Hegazy. p. 138 3728:Sulidar, Ardiansyah; Prabowo, Yudhi (2017). 3049:, by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137. 2231:–like all other things– is predetermined by 1885: 1417: 5462:Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam 3987:; ibn al-Muhsin al-Turki, Abdullah (eds.). 3983:; al-Adhra’i al-Salihi al-Dimashqi (1997). 3325:. Oxford University Press. pp. 46–48. 2840:University of Delaware. The Basics to Islam 2159:gave the example from a hadith authored by 1925:Incompatibility between predestination and 1559:theologian figure called Susan. Ma'bad was 8796: 8785: 8512: 8257: 8094: 8085: 8072: 8056: 8042: 8034: 7530: 7512: 7208: 7192: 7178: 7170: 6936: 6922: 6706: 6690: 6330: 6306: 5773: 5745: 5731: 5723: 5628: 5614: 5606: 5417:The Koran : A Very Short Introduction 4752:[Commentary on the Tahawi Creed]. 4140:] (in Arabic). Dar Al-Mirats An-Nabawi 3853:[Belief in the good or bad fate]. 3851:"Iman Kepada Qadar(Takdir) Baik Dan Buruk" 3776: 3774: 1733:, vol. 4, p. 1393, among others. The 1379:Some early Islamic schools (Qadariyah and 1281: 1267: 692: 681: 667: 37: 4862:Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia) 4317:. "1996". In Hasan al-Halabi, Ali (ed.). 4216:thoroughly explore the problem of destiny 4026:Explanation of the Creed of al-Tahawiyyah 3995:Explanation of the Creed of al-Tahawiyyah 3746:State Islamic University of North Sumatra 3670:Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia) 2157:Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University 1518:on whom He wills, or stints it" (Q.30:37) 5595:Concept of Qada and Qadar القضاء و القدر 4247:. MSA Publication Limited. p. 202. 3950:The End Book in Strange Hadith and Athar 3901:منهج الإمام الشافعي في اتساباتيل العقيدة 3871:Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'ah 3479:(in Indonesian). FA Press. p. 279. 3433:Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'ah 3047:Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures 1951:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami 1340:Predestination/Divine Destiny is one of 4848:Indonesian Ministry of religious affair 3322:The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology 2807: 2727: 2478: 2171:scholars, which followed by modern era 1939:Qada (God's decree which precede Qadar) 1845:, has further explained the reason why 695: 49: 5201: 4361:From the masterpieces of Ibn al-Qayyim 4138:Explanation of the Sunnah by Al-Muzani 2759:[7 Notes about supplication]. 2338:Nay, His hands are spread out wide ... 1678:), as their established creed has it: 1510:, or provision being in God control: 5543:. Psychology Press. pp. 638–640. 5508:. Prometheus Books. pp. 123–127. 5308:, Oxford University Press, 2000, p.16 4789:Explanation of the Creed of Al-Tahawi 4055:"Syarhus Sunnah: Memahami Takdir #01" 1969: 1880: 1434:), which denotes concepts related to 1412: 7: 5306:The Koran, A Very Short Introduction 3734:AT-TAHDIS: Journal of Hadith Studies 3730:"WAWASAN TENTANG TAQDIR DALAM HADIS" 4241:Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009). 3969:Explanation of the Wasitiyyah Creed 3064:, by Charles Douglas Greer, p. 239. 2785:] (in Arabic). pp. 139–141 2775:Salih ibn Ghanim as-Sadlan (1999). 2275:to the Muʿtazilah in their views". 1886: 1472: 1418: 1395:Muslims as denying predestination. 1303: 5112:Guillaume, Alfred (January 1924). 4537:ميثاق - مدخل إلى فقه أركان الإيمان 3945:كتاب النهاية في غريب الحديث والأثر 3926:]. p. 397; quotes no. 215 3417:"Ahlus Sunnah Adalah Ahlul Wasath" 3382:De Cillis, Maria (22 April 2022). 3281:Guillaume, Alfred (January 1924). 3243:Guillaume, Alfred (January 1924). 3116:De Cillis, Maria (22 April 2022). 2354:Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi 1949:Muslim society which afflicted by 1391:. At least a few sources describe 16:Concept of divine destiny in Islam 14: 8621:Attributes of God in Christianity 5217:(Vrin, Paris, 1980), pp. 102-103. 5016:The Emendation of a Shi'ite Creed 4831:Shalih ibn Abdullah ibn Humaidi; 4733:; Majmu' Fatawa wa Rasail; p.2/93 4327:] (in Arabic). Archived from 4111:"Syarhus Sunnah: Memahami Takdir" 3171:Hussain, Tanveer (5 April 2014). 2997:Islamic Spirituality: Foundations 2686:Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab 2292:This position was adopted by the 1759:Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab 9048: 7154: 7153: 7142: 6673:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 5921:Timeline of the history of Islam 5439:. Vol. 1. pp. 267–271. 5276: 4644:; Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani; p.V/136 4522:Catherine Smith, 2012, p.202-206 4433: 4386:[Every fates are good]. 4382:Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal (2021). 4109:Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal (2019). 4053:Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal (2018). 3507:.-P. Maisonneuve-Larose (1962). 2944:Parrott, Justin (31 July 2017). 2755:Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal (2017). 2007:Prophets and messengers in Islam 1250: 715: 648: 57: 8679:Great Architect of the Universe 7014:List of ex-Muslim organisations 4664:(2020). Yasir, Muhammad (ed.). 4194:(in Indonesian). 13 August 2009 4130:Bâzmoul, Mohammad, ed. (2014). 4016:Al-Albani, Muhammad Nasr ad-Din 3916:'Abd ar-Rahim, Muhammad (ed.). 2175:scholars has established their 5099:(Albany: SUNY Press, 2012), 2. 3964:شرح العقيدة الواسطية خليل هراس 3384:"ISLAM. Muslims and Free Will" 3118:"ISLAM. Muslims and Free Will" 2778:أربعون حديثا كل حديث في خصلتين 1: 8458:Trinity of the Church Fathers 7965:Gholamhossein Ebrahimi Dinani 7955:Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas 7546:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari 5167:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 4912:, Indonesia: Pustaka Sahifa. 4858:Islamic University of Madinah 4714:"Memahami Macam-macam Takdir" 3666:Islamic University of Madinah 1414:[ælqɑˈdˤɑːʔwælˈqɑdɑr] 7632:Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 6999:Apostasy in Islam by country 6876:Liberalism and progressivism 5448:. Penguin. pp. 131–134. 5079: 4852:(in Indonesian and Arabic). 4750:"تعليق على العقيدة الطحاوية" 4206:Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Hamd 3664:(in Indonesian and Arabic). 3658:"Surat al-Muddathir ayat 56" 3173:"PREDESTINATION AND TAQDEER" 3008: 2836:"Six Major Beliefs In Islam" 2131:quoted a hadith recorded by 1921:Predestination and free will 1628:Recently in modern era, the 1613:(extreme Jabriyya), and the 1563:by the orders of the Caliph 1348:, (along with belief in the 8709:Phenomenological definition 5444:Guillaume, Alfred (1978) . 5420:. Oxford University Press. 5165:Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith 4298:Sa'id Abu Ukkasyah (2022). 4211:Kupas tuntas masalah takdir 3894:; concise references from: 3847:Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas 3413:Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas 2881:"The Six Articles of Faith" 2718:then Muhammad recited the| 2401:schools of Islamic theology 2380:Philosophical controversies 1861:. This ruling also used by 1673: 1406: 232:("Stories of the Prophets") 9099: 7910:Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei 7810:Qadi Mir Husayn al-Maybudi 7724:Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi 5437:Encyclopaedia of the Quran 4088:King Fahd National Library 2814:J. M. Cowan (ed.) (1976). 18: 9046: 8795: 8784: 8084: 8071: 7658:Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī 7529: 7511: 7207: 7137: 6935: 6921: 6787:Geography and cartography 6705: 6689: 6329: 6305: 5772: 5761: 5647: 5548:Thomassen, Einar (2009). 5470:Columbia University Press 5130:10.1017/S0035869X00094806 4712:Raehanul Bahraen (2021). 4622:Concise references from: 3614:Islam Question and Answer 3583:Islam Question and Answer 3574:Abd al-Rahmaan al-Mahmoud 3319:Sabine Schmidtke (2016). 2975:Islam Question and Answer 2701:Companions of the Prophet 2352:Ismaili thinkers such as 1739:Companions of the Prophet 1449:"the divine measurement ( 8463:Trinitarian universalism 7096:Islamic view of miracles 5566:10.1163/156852709X405062 5062:Doctrines of Shi'i Islam 4312:Excerpt references from= 4275:Abdullah Taslim (2023). 3699:"Qadar (Predestination)" 2885:Dar al-Ifta Al-Missriyya 2757:"7 Catatan Mengenai Doa" 2492:Al-Aqidah Al-Waasitiyyah 2334:the hand of God is tied’ 1779:Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith 1615:Jabariyyah Mutawassithah 1532:Kitābu-l Milal wal Niḥal 950:Theology of the Ismailis 916:Theology of the Twelvers 321:Medieval Islamic science 19:Not to be confused with 8665:Godhead in Christianity 7642:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 7591:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 7551:Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri 6861:Creationism (evolution) 4841:Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar 4384:"Semua Takdir itu Baik" 4315:IIbn Qayyim al-Jawziyya 4014:Ibn Abi al-Izz (1988). 2860:Muhsin Khan, Muhammad. 2362:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 1611:Jabariyyah al-Khalishah 1565:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 1553:Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i 899:Forbidding what is evil 894:Commanding what is just 7975:Mohammed Abed al-Jabri 7925:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr 7886:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 7754:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 7581:Abu Sulayman Sijistani 7403:Transcendent theosophy 7111:Persecution of Muslims 7009:List of former Muslims 5926:Succession to Muhammad 5641:religion and mythology 5187:Gibb, H.A.R. (1953) . 4835:; Imad Zuhair Hafidh; 4133:إيضاح شرح السنة للمزني 1903:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya 1859:Judgement Day in Islam 1830:" also created by God. 1751:Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman 1385:Five Articles of Faith 1012:Theology of the Ibadis 994:Theology of the Zaydis 331:Succession to Muhammad 8491:Fate of the unlearned 8443:Shield of the Trinity 7759:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi 6905:Conversion to mosques 6772:Alchemy and chemistry 5505:Why I Am Not a Muslim 5279:Why I Am Not a Muslim 5228:"Malcolm Clark Books" 5169:Rowman Altamira 2003 4883:(in Indonesian). 2011 4837:Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di 4662:Abd al-Aziz al-Tarifi 4421:isbn=5-3-8047-603-978 3654:Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di 3634:Lippman, Thomas W. , 3177:THE QURANIC TEACHINGS 2695:: Muhammad once said 2654:Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di 2265:Naser Makarem Shirazi 2189:Al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya 2133:Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri 1945:who researched about 1935:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 1837:, founder of Shafi'i 1346:six articles of faith 857:Basic Tenets of Faith 772:Five Pillars of Islam 7990:Reza Davari Ardakani 7866:Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji 7800:Sadr ad-Din Dashtaki 7749:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 7663:Afdal al-Din Kashani 6631:Ma malakat aymanukum 6206:Association football 5488:10.7312/hugh16146.13 5472:. pp. 183–202. 4784:شرح العقيدة الطحاوية 4593:"Macam-Macam Takdir" 4452:"Macam-Macam Takdir" 4164:Collection of Fatwas 4079:شرح العقيدة الواسطية 4021:شرح العقيدة الطحاوية 3990:شرح العقيدة الطحاوية 3975:on 15 December 2018. 3956:on 15 December 2018. 3912:on 15 December 2018. 3415:(26 December 2011). 2995:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 2432:beyond academic and 2254: 1915:blessing in disguise 1907:Muhammad Al-Munajjid 1882:[mu.sˤiː.ba] 1773:Sins and misfortunes 1747:Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud 1684:six article of faith 1442:"the divine decree ( 733:Six Articles of Iman 370:Association football 9073:Islamic terminology 9025:Slavic Native Faith 8448:Trinitarian formula 8385:Father of Greatness 8268:Abrahamic religions 7950:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 7871:Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani 7861:Mohsen Fayz Kashani 7820:Sayyid Haydar Amuli 7330:Medieval psychology 7302:Natural philosophy 5502:Ibn Warraq (1995). 5204:, pp. 193–194. 4086:] (in Arabic). 3985:al-Arna'ut, Shu'ayb 3816:. 24 September 2017 3576:, p. 39; quoted in 3570:al-Qada’ wa’l-Qadar 3096:on December 8, 2011 2714:as Muhammad added, 2287:Hisham ibn al-Hakam 1828:nonexistent objects 1654:Fazlur Rahman Malik 1407:al-qaḍāʾ wa l-qadar 1362:Day of Resurrection 806:Schools of theology 131:Profession of Faith 104:Day of Resurrection 8987:Abrahamic prophecy 8917:Ayyavazhi theology 8689:Apophatic theology 8078:Conceptions of God 7960:Abdolkarim Soroush 7805:Aziz Mahmud Hudayi 7719:Hajji Bektash Wali 7255:medieval astronomy 7201:Islamic philosophy 7116:Quran and miracles 7030:Criticism of Islam 6744:Geometric patterns 6596:Gender segregation 6167:Non-denominational 4991:The Justice of God 4881:alquran-sunnah.com 4746:Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baz 4356:من روائع ابن القيم 4325:Beneficial benefit 4001:on 27 October 2018 3849:(7 January 2012). 3032:Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi 2751:Salman the Persian 2710:Muhammad replied. 2487:Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baz 2311:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 2161:Salman the Persian 1971:[taq.diːr] 1232:Atba-i-Malak Bohra 760:The Last Judgement 9060: 9059: 9042: 9041: 9038: 9037: 8780: 8779: 8776: 8775: 8671:Latter Day Saints 8640:Divine simplicity 8561: 8560: 8418:Consubstantiality 8394: 8393: 8245: 8244: 8189:Theistic finitism 8031: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8022: 7876:Rajab Ali Tabrizi 7815:Mahmud Shabistari 7795:Jalaladdin Davani 7744:Nasir al-Din Tusi 7566:Abu Hatim al-Razi 7507: 7506: 7167: 7166: 7133: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7101:Domestic violence 7091:Islamic terrorism 7086:Islamic extremism 6917: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6471:Marriage contract 6301: 6300: 6261:Political aspects 6048:Story of Prophets 5817:Prophets of Islam 5720: 5719: 5707:Wheel of the Year 5531:978-1-86064-780-2 5518:Shah-Kazemi, Reza 5479:978-0-231-53192-4 5405:Secondary sources 5263:978-1-119-64304-3 5254:Islam for Dummies 5175:978-0-759-10190-6 5060:Sobhani, Ja'far. 4833:Wahbah al-Zuhayli 4331:on 11 August 2018 4254:978-1-86179-632-5 4126:References from: 3881:978-979-3536-64-4 3744:, North Sumatra: 3736:(in Indonesian). 3709:on 11 August 2024 3548:. 13 October 2012 3443:978-979-3536-64-4 2747:Sunan al-Tirmidhi 2673:; narrated from ’ 2671:Hadith of Gabriel 2509:Butler University 2392:The 10th century 2358:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 2142:Hadith of Gabriel 2071:, (I/29, no. 76). 2049:Al-Dur al-Manthur 2021:Taqdir al-Bashari 1691:Thomas W. Lippman 1646:Islamic modernism 1605:has expanded the 1358:Prophets of Islam 1291: 1290: 691: 690: 9090: 9078:Islamic theology 9052: 8797: 8786: 8673: 8513: 8408:Athanasian Creed 8258: 8095: 8086: 8073: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8035: 8005:Hasanzadeh Amoli 8000:Mostafa Malekian 7970:Taha Abdurrahman 7945:Ismail al-Faruqi 7903: 7825:Dawūd al-Qayṣarī 7556:Abu Bakr al-Razi 7531: 7513: 7338: 7325:Medieval science 7320: 7305: 7287: 7277: 7240: 7229: 7209: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7171: 7157: 7156: 7149:Islam portal 7147: 7146: 7145: 6937: 6929: 6923: 6764:Medieval science 6707: 6697: 6691: 6348:Economic history 6331: 6307: 6293:Islam by country 6126:Bektashi Alevism 5774: 5765:Outline of Islam 5747: 5740: 5733: 5724: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5607: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5560:(2–3): 401–416. 5544: 5535: 5509: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5454:Hughes, Aaron W. 5449: 5440: 5431: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5391: 5377: 5371: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5315: 5309: 5302: 5293: 5290: 5284: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5224: 5218: 5213:Daniel Gimaret, 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5184: 5178: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5109: 5100: 5093: 5087: 5077: 5066: 5065: 5057: 5051: 5046: 5040: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5010: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4985: 4972: 4969: 4963: 4953:Brill Publishers 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4761: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4727: 4725: 4709: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4658: 4647: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4588: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4470: 4461: 4459: 4447: 4441: 4431: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4336: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4223: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4184: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4071:reference from: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3976: 3957: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3913: 3893: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3843: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3806: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3778: 3769: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3705:. Archived from 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3650: 3639: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3606: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3567: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3478: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3379: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3223:Encyclopedia.com 3215: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3092:. Archived from 3086: 3080: 3074: 3065: 3062:Religions of Man 3059: 3050: 3044: 3035: 3028:Need of Religion 3025: 3016: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2950:Yaqeen Institute 2941: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2910:missionislam.com 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2863:The Noble Qur'an 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2832: 2826: 2812: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2773:Reference from: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2684:A hadith quotes 2517: 2505: 2499: 2483: 2135:which stated "a 1983:(general fate)/ 1973: 1894:commented about 1889: 1888: 1884: 1818: 1808: 1798: 1788: 1761:, son of caliph 1727:Sahih al-Bukhari 1549:Ma'bad al-Juhani 1474: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1350:Oneness of Allah 1305: 1283: 1276: 1269: 1257:Islam portal 1255: 1254: 1253: 719: 710: 704: 703: 693: 683: 676: 669: 655:Islam portal 653: 652: 651: 61: 38: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9063: 9062: 9061: 9056: 9054:Religion portal 9034: 9011: 8973: 8954:Holy Scriptures 8926: 8903: 8791: 8772: 8733: 8669: 8645:Divine presence 8609: 8557: 8511: 8467: 8413:Comma Johanneum 8390: 8355: 8319: 8253: 8241: 8198: 8080: 8067: 8062: 8032: 8019: 7985:Fouad Zakariyya 7980:Mohammed Arkoun 7935:Frithjof Schuon 7901: 7895: 7881:Qazi Sa’id Qumi 7834: 7768: 7707: 7646: 7595: 7525: 7503: 7417: 7376:Illuminationism 7342: 7336: 7318: 7303: 7286:(jurisprudence) 7285: 7275: 7238: 7227: 7203: 7198: 7168: 7163: 7143: 7141: 7125: 7047:Cultural Muslim 7018: 6985: 6941:Other religions 6931: 6927: 6909: 6844: 6811: 6758: 6701: 6699:Islamic studies 6695: 6677: 6511: 6456: 6433: 6380: 6325: 6324: 6297: 6246:Moral teachings 6189: 6171: 6145:Nation of Islam 6106:Twelver Shi'ism 6053: 6019:Religious texts 6013: 5931:Early conquests 5914: 5896: 5848: 5768: 5757: 5751: 5721: 5716: 5643: 5634: 5591: 5578: 5576: 5547: 5538: 5532: 5514:Sobhani, Ja'far 5512: 5501: 5492: 5490: 5480: 5452: 5443: 5434: 5428: 5410: 5407: 5402: 5389: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5304:Cook, Michael, 5303: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5275: 5271: 5264: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5212: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5164: 5160: 5150: 5148: 5111: 5110: 5103: 5094: 5090: 5078: 5069: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5032: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4997: 4995: 4987: 4986: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4955:, 2011. Print. 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4896:Saleh Al-Fawzan 4894: 4886: 4884: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4816: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4759: 4757: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4723: 4721: 4711: 4710: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4659: 4650: 4631:Za'dul Masiir; 4615: 4613: 4606: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4472: 4457: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4432: 4425: 4414: 4412: 4401: 4393: 4391: 4390:(in Indonesian) 4381: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4334: 4332: 4313: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4221: 4219: 4208: 4197: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4169: 4167: 4152: 4143: 4141: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4072: 4064: 4062: 4061:(in Indonesian) 4052: 4051: 4047: 4035: 4033: 4032:on 28 July 2021 4013: 4004: 4002: 3979: 3960: 3938: 3929: 3927: 3915: 3897: 3882: 3868: 3860: 3858: 3857:(in Indonesian) 3845: 3844: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3808: 3807: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3780: 3779: 3772: 3758: 3756: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3652: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3608: 3607: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3513:Studia Islamica 3506: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3476: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3444: 3430: 3422: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3381: 3380: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3217: 3216: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3075: 3068: 3060: 3053: 3045: 3038: 3026: 3019: 3007: 3003: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2977:. 29 April 2007 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2923: 2914: 2912: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2889: 2887: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2799: 2788: 2786: 2774: 2766: 2764: 2763:(in Indonesian) 2754: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2667: 2531: 2526: 2524:Primary sources 2521: 2520: 2506: 2502: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2452:Al-Qadr (surah) 2443: 2382: 2376: 2350: 2257: 2199:has referenced 2197:Saleh Al-Fawzan 2153:Salih as-Sadlan 2056:Taqdir al-'Umri 1923: 1855:Hearing session 1816: 1806: 1796: 1786: 1775: 1755:Zayd ibn Thabit 1666: 1650:Muḥammad ʿAbduh 1483: 1401: 1287: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1217:Sulaymani Bohra 1186: 1155: 1126: 1110: 1092: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1072:Nation of Islam 1026: 1016: 1015: 1008: 998: 997: 991: 947: 913: 853: 843: 842: 841: 803: 769: 729: 706: 705: 697: 696: 687: 649: 647: 640: 639: 584:Other religions 579:Arabic language 541: 531: 530: 459:Moral teachings 350: 336: 335: 326:Spread of Islam 271: 261: 260: 248:(jurisprudence) 230:Qisas al-Anbiya 179: 178: 158: 157: 126: 116: 115: 71: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9096: 9094: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9065: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9032: 9027: 9021: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8983: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8966: 8964:Predestination 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8936: 8934: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8919: 8913: 8911: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8819:Biblical canon 8816: 8811: 8805: 8803: 8793: 8792: 8789: 8782: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8744: 8742: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8617: 8615: 8614:Other concepts 8611: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8571: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8519: 8517: 8510: 8509: 8500: 8499: 8498: 8488: 8486:Apocalypticism 8483: 8477: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8404: 8402: 8400:Trinitarianism 8396: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8374: 8369: 8363: 8361: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8327: 8325: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8315:Zoroastrianism 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8264: 8262: 8255: 8247: 8246: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8234: 8233: 8232: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8150: 8149: 8147:Urmonotheismus 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8092: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8053: 8046: 8038: 8029: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7915:Muhammad Iqbal 7912: 7906: 7904: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7893: 7891:Hādī Sabzavārī 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7851:Mir Fendereski 7848: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7776: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7576:Ikhwan al-Safa 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7537: 7535: 7527: 7526: 7516: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7408:Traditionalist 7405: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7352: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7312: 7307: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7279: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7242: 7231: 7221: 7215: 7213: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7174: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7161: 7151: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7049: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7026: 7024: 7023:Related topics 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6995: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6945: 6943: 6933: 6932: 6926: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6895: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6821: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6768: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6715: 6713: 6703: 6702: 6694: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6656: 6654:Sources of law 6651: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6615: 6610: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6532: 6527: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6424: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6390: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6337: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6310: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6278:Social welfare 6275: 6270: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6158: 6157: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6063: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6023: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5962: 5957: 5950: 5943: 5941:Historiography 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5866: 5858: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5802: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5782: 5780: 5770: 5769: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5635: 5633: 5632: 5625: 5618: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5597: 5590: 5589:External links 5587: 5586: 5585: 5550:"Islamic Hell" 5545: 5536: 5530: 5524:. I.B.Tauris. 5510: 5499: 5478: 5450: 5441: 5432: 5426: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5372: 5361: 5335: 5310: 5294: 5285: 5269: 5262: 5256:. John Wiley. 5244: 5232:World of Books 5219: 5206: 5194: 5179: 5158: 5101: 5095:Dudley, John. 5088: 5067: 5052: 5041: 5030: 5019:. al-Islam.org 5005: 4994:. Al-Islam.org 4973: 4964: 4932: 4918: 4893:excerpt from: 4868: 4823: 4802: 4779:Ibn Abi al-Izz 4770: 4737: 4685: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4639: 4636: 4629: 4626: 4605:chapter from = 4564: 4551:978-6039153856 4550: 4526: 4509: 4489: 4471:chapter from = 4468:, hal. 441-442 4442: 4423: 4374: 4353:Ahmad Hijazi. 4345: 4290: 4267: 4253: 4233: 4204:excerpt from: 4192:almanhaj.or.id 4179: 4177: 4176: 4150: 4101: 4045: 4043: 4042: 4011: 3981:Ibn Abi al-Izz 3977: 3958: 3936: 3880: 3827: 3798: 3770: 3720: 3703:kalamullah.com 3686: 3640: 3627: 3616:. 10 June 2003 3596: 3585:. 10 June 2003 3559: 3533: 3499: 3485: 3457: 3442: 3404: 3357: 3345: 3332:978-0191068799 3331: 3311: 3273: 3235: 3189: 3163: 3138: 3107: 3081: 3066: 3051: 3036: 3017: 3001: 2988: 2962: 2921: 2897: 2872: 2852: 2827: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2739: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2689: 2682: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2644:Al-Muddaththir 2641: 2634: 2627: 2620: 2613: 2606: 2599: 2592: 2585: 2578: 2571: 2564: 2553: 2552: 2545: 2538: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2500: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2457:Laylat al-Qadr 2454: 2449: 2442: 2439: 2381: 2378: 2349: 2346: 2326: 2325: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2290: 2256: 2253: 2191:(The creed of 2148:Ibn Abi al-Izz 2120: 2119: 2104: 2072: 2052: 2017: 1995:Lawh al-Mahfuz 1980:Taqdir al-‘Aam 1922: 1919: 1909:quoted Qur'an 1832: 1831: 1813: 1803: 1793: 1774: 1771: 1769:of this era". 1743:Ubayy ibn Ka'b 1699:Al-Muddaththir 1695: 1694: 1687: 1665: 1662: 1603:Shafi'i school 1599:Al-Shahrastani 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1520: 1519: 1504: 1503: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1400: 1397: 1354:Revealed Books 1315:predestination 1308:transliterated 1289: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1278: 1271: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1244: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1234: 1229: 1227:Hebtiahs Bohra 1224: 1219: 1214: 1205: 1199: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1138:Ja'fari school 1134: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1124: 1122:Shafi'i school 1119: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1101:Hanbali school 1097: 1094: 1085: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1024:Other variants 1022: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1000: 999: 990: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 953: 946: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 919: 912: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 860: 854: 849: 848: 845: 844: 840: 839: 838: 837: 832: 822: 821: 820: 809: 802: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 775: 768: 767: 765:Predestination 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 736: 730: 725: 724: 721: 720: 712: 711: 689: 688: 686: 685: 678: 671: 663: 660: 659: 658: 657: 642: 641: 638: 637: 631: 630: 629: 628: 623: 613: 608: 607: 606: 601: 591: 586: 581: 575: 574: 573: 572: 567: 562: 554: 553: 548: 542: 539:Related topics 537: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 523: 521:Social welfare 518: 513: 512: 511: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 415: 414: 409: 399: 398: 397: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 351: 342: 341: 338: 337: 334: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 307: 306: 299: 292: 284: 283: 278: 272: 267: 266: 263: 262: 259: 258: 250: 241: 240: 234: 226: 218: 209: 208: 188: 180: 177: 176: 171: 165: 164: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155: 150: 145: 139: 138: 133: 127: 122: 121: 118: 117: 114: 113: 111:Predestination 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 92:Revealed Books 89: 83: 82: 72: 67: 66: 63: 62: 54: 53: 47: 46: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9095: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9055: 9051: 9045: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9014: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8997:Denominations 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8976: 8970: 8969:Last Judgment 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8929: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8906: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8787: 8783: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8736: 8730: 8729:Unmoved mover 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8672: 8668: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8630:Binitarianism 8628: 8626: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8514: 8508: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8470: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8352: 8351:Supreme Being 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8238: 8235: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8226: 8223: 8222:Gender of God 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8201: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8127:Kathenotheism 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8059: 8054: 8052: 8047: 8045: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7703:Shams Tabrizi 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7637:Nasir Khusraw 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7612:Ibn Miskawayh 7610: 7608: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7523: 7519: 7514: 7510: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7195: 7190: 7188: 7183: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7172: 7160: 7152: 7150: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7062:Post-Islamism 7060: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6959:Protestantism 6957: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6924: 6920: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6802:Ophthalmology 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6692: 6688: 6674: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6550:Death penalty 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516:Other aspects 6514: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6468: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6321: 6320:Jurisprudence 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6059:Denominations 6056: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5844:Holiest sites 5842: 5840: 5839:Judgement Day 5837: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5766: 5760: 5755: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5626: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5500: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5423: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5412:Cook, Michael 5409: 5408: 5404: 5397: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5365: 5362: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5336: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5280: 5273: 5270: 5265: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5245: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5195: 5190: 5189:Mohammedanism 5183: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5083: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5034: 5031: 5018: 5017: 5009: 5006: 4993: 4992: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4961:9789004215375 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4921: 4919:9789791286077 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4849: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4827: 4824: 4812: 4806: 4803: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4781:(1997). "1". 4780: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4755: 4754:binbaz.org.sa 4751: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4732: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4611: 4610: 4594: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4553: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4512: 4510:9789004304864 4506: 4502: 4501: 4493: 4490: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4467: 4453: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4437: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4389: 4385: 4378: 4375: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4320:فوائد الفوائد 4316: 4301: 4294: 4291: 4278: 4271: 4268: 4256: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4165: 4161: 4160: 4159:مجموع الفتاوى 4155: 4151: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4102: 4090:. p. 188 4089: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4046: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3787: 3786:Allah Knowing 3783: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695:Bilal Philips 3690: 3687: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3547: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3500: 3488: 3486:9786026911049 3482: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3461: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3315: 3312: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3274: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3236: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3164: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3108: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2951: 2947: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2886: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2856: 2853: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2824:0-87950-001-8 2821: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2494:. Similarly, 2493: 2488: 2485:According to 2482: 2479: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2360:(d. 974) and 2359: 2355: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2312: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2238:According to 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2221:Zahiri school 2218: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2087:Night of Qadr 2084: 2083: 2078: 2077: 2076:Taqdir Sanawi 2073: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2047:in his work, 2046: 2042: 2039:in his work, 2038: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943:Ethnographist 1940: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1811: 1804: 1801: 1794: 1791: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1777:According to 1772: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1619:Indeterminism 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1514:"He lavishes 1513: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1459:Surat al-Qadr 1452: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1419:القضاء والقدر 1415: 1410: 1408: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1335:Judgement Day 1331: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1248: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1212:Dawoodi Bohra 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1157: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1130:Hanafi school 1128: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1117:Maliki school 1115: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1106:Zahiri school 1104: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1007: 1002: 1001: 996: 995: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 954: 952: 951: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 918: 917: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 861: 859: 858: 852: 847: 846: 836: 833: 831: 828: 827: 826: 823: 819: 816: 815: 814: 813:Ahl al-Hadith 811: 810: 808: 807: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 774: 773: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 737: 735: 734: 728: 723: 722: 718: 714: 713: 709: 701: 694: 684: 679: 677: 672: 670: 665: 664: 662: 661: 656: 646: 645: 644: 643: 636: 633: 632: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 617: 614: 612: 609: 605: 602: 600: 597: 596: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 576: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 557: 556: 555: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 540: 535: 534: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 510: 507: 506: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 494:Proselytizing 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 413: 410: 408: 405: 404: 403: 402:Denominations 400: 396: 393: 392: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 349: 345: 340: 339: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 300: 298: 297: 293: 291: 290: 286: 285: 282: 279: 277: 274: 273: 270: 265: 264: 257: 255: 251: 249: 247: 243: 242: 238: 235: 233: 231: 227: 225: 223: 219: 217: 215: 211: 210: 206: 205: 200: 199: 194: 193: 189: 187: 186: 182: 181: 175: 172: 170: 167: 166: 162: 161: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 137: 134: 132: 129: 128: 125: 120: 119: 112: 109: 108: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 93: 90: 88: 85: 84: 81: 77: 74: 73: 70: 65: 64: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 44: 40: 39: 34: 30: 26: 22: 8963: 8864:Hamartiology 8849:Ecclesiology 8839:Pneumatology 8748:Christianity 8739:Names of God 8714:Philo's view 8704:Personal god 8684:Great Spirit 8623: / 8580:Christianity 8438:Perichoresis 8341:Emanationism 8283:Christianity 8273:Baháʼí Faith 8251:Singular god 8224: 8184:Spiritualism 8015:Partawi Shah 8010:Javadi Amoli 7995:Ahmad Fardid 7940:Martin Lings 7790:Hajji Bayram 7764:Ibn Taymiyya 7693:Omar Khayyám 7678:Ayn-al-Quzat 7673:Ahmad Yasavi 7586:Ibn Masarrah 7520:by century ( 7518:Philosophers 7473: 7413:Contemporary 7315: 7282: 7272: 7235: 7224: 7074:Islamophobia 6949:Christianity 6897: 6830:Contemporary 6724:Architecture 6663: 6629: 6617: 6605: 6563: 6556: 6522: 6504: 6499:Nikah mut'ah 6497: 6490: 6483: 6476: 6469: 6462: 6426: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6352: 6265: 6046: 5970: 5952: 5945: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5861: 5854:Five Pillars 5832: 5831: 5797: 5786:God in Islam 5763: 5577:. Retrieved 5557: 5553: 5540: 5521: 5504: 5491:. Retrieved 5461: 5445: 5436: 5416: 5395: 5388:. Retrieved 5384: 5375: 5364: 5352:. Retrieved 5348: 5338: 5326:. Retrieved 5322: 5313: 5305: 5288: 5278: 5277:Ibn Warraq, 5272: 5253: 5247: 5235:. Retrieved 5231: 5222: 5214: 5209: 5197: 5188: 5182: 5166: 5161: 5149:. Retrieved 5124:(1): 43–63. 5121: 5117: 5096: 5091: 5081: 5061: 5055: 5044: 5033: 5021:. Retrieved 5015: 5008: 4996:. Retrieved 4990: 4967: 4945:Bilal Orfali 4943:Pg. 38. Ed. 4940: 4935: 4923:. Retrieved 4905: 4900: 4885:. Retrieved 4880: 4871: 4846: 4826: 4815:. Retrieved 4813:. Sunnah.com 4805: 4793:. Retrieved 4788: 4783: 4773: 4765: 4758:. Retrieved 4753: 4740: 4729: 4722:. Retrieved 4718:muslim.or.id 4717: 4676:. Retrieved 4671: 4666: 4642:Fath al-Bari 4633:Ibn al-Jawzi 4614:. Retrieved 4608: 4597:. Retrieved 4555:. Retrieved 4541: 4536: 4529: 4521: 4514:. Retrieved 4499: 4492: 4480:. Retrieved 4474: 4466:Ibn Qutaybah 4463: 4456:. Retrieved 4445: 4435: 4413:. Retrieved 4408: 4403: 4392:. Retrieved 4388:rumaysho.com 4387: 4377: 4365:. Retrieved 4360: 4355: 4348: 4340: 4333:. Retrieved 4329:the original 4324: 4319: 4304:. Retrieved 4293: 4281:. Retrieved 4270: 4258:. Retrieved 4243: 4236: 4227: 4220:. Retrieved 4215: 4210: 4196:. Retrieved 4191: 4182: 4168:. Retrieved 4163: 4158: 4154:Ibn Taymiyya 4142:. Retrieved 4137: 4132: 4118:. Retrieved 4115:rumaysho.com 4114: 4104: 4092:. Retrieved 4083: 4078: 4063:. Retrieved 4059:rumaysho.com 4058: 4048: 4034:. Retrieved 4030:the original 4025: 4020: 4003:. Retrieved 3999:the original 3994: 3989: 3973:the original 3968: 3963: 3954:the original 3949: 3944: 3940:Ibn al-Athir 3928:. Retrieved 3923: 3918: 3914:quote from= 3910:the original 3905: 3900: 3870: 3867:Chapter of= 3859:. Retrieved 3854: 3818:. Retrieved 3814:Islamweb.net 3813: 3789:. Retrieved 3785: 3764: 3757:. Retrieved 3737: 3733: 3723: 3711:. Retrieved 3707:the original 3702: 3689: 3677:. Retrieved 3661: 3635: 3630: 3618:. Retrieved 3613: 3587:. Retrieved 3582: 3569: 3550:. Retrieved 3545: 3536: 3524:. Retrieved 3512: 3502: 3490:. Retrieved 3472: 3467: 3460: 3432: 3429:Chapter of= 3421:. Retrieved 3407: 3395:. Retrieved 3391: 3387: 3353:Sahih Muslim 3348: 3336:. Retrieved 3321: 3314: 3302:. Retrieved 3290: 3286: 3276: 3264:. Retrieved 3252: 3248: 3238: 3226:. Retrieved 3222: 3180:. Retrieved 3176: 3166: 3154:. Retrieved 3150: 3141: 3129:. Retrieved 3125: 3121: 3110: 3098:. Retrieved 3094:the original 3084: 3076: 3061: 3046: 3030:, by Sayyid 3027: 3010: 3004: 2996: 2991: 2979:. Retrieved 2974: 2965: 2953:. Retrieved 2949: 2913:. Retrieved 2909: 2900: 2888:. Retrieved 2884: 2875: 2867: 2862: 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2839: 2830: 2815: 2810: 2787:. Retrieved 2782: 2777: 2765:. Retrieved 2760: 2742: 2730: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2696: 2658:Saudi Arabia 2554: 2513: 2503: 2481: 2426: 2417:Al-Baqillani 2412: 2408: 2404: 2391: 2383: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2351: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2308: 2277: 2273: 2258: 2244: 2237: 2215: 2166: 2146: 2121: 2108:Taqdir Yawmi 2107: 2106: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2055: 2054: 2040: 2037:Ibn Abi Asim 2020: 2019: 1994: 1986:Taqdir Azali 1985: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1932: 1924: 1874: 1872: 1863:Ibn Taymiyya 1833: 1826:inexistence/ 1819: 1809: 1799: 1789: 1776: 1731:Sahih Muslim 1696: 1667: 1657: 1627: 1614: 1610: 1597:In 12th AD, 1596: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1547: 1531: 1521: 1515: 1507: 1505: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1484: 1465: 1458: 1456: 1450: 1443: 1435: 1431: 1423: 1404: 1402: 1378: 1339: 1328:. As God is 1310: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1246: 1089: 1088: 1077:Unaffiliated 1010: 992: 948: 914: 855: 804: 770: 764: 731: 611:Islamophobia 390:Demographics 385:Circumcision 301: 294: 287: 253: 245: 229: 221: 213: 202: 196: 190: 183: 110: 8922:Krishnology 8899:Soteriology 8854:Eschatology 8834:Christology 8699:Open theism 8655:Exotheology 8553:Zoroastrian 8516:By religion 8473:Eschatology 8428:Homoiousian 8381:Ahura Mazda 8159:Panentheism 8122:Hermeticism 7930:René Guénon 7920:Gohar Shahi 7856:Mulla Sadra 7780:Ibn Khaldun 7391:metaphysics 7337:(mysticism) 7319:(education) 7297:Metaphysics 7276:(dialectic) 7262:Eschatology 7239:(intellect) 6849:Other areas 6840:Theological 6835:Eschatology 6792:Mathematics 6729:Calligraphy 6659:Theological 6613:Inheritance 6530:Cleanliness 5960:Shi'a Imams 5954:Ahl al-Bayt 5677:Eschatology 5283:: p.125-126 5202:Hughes 2013 5080:Guillaume, 4925:2 September 4887:2 September 4731:Al-Uthaymin 4635:; p.VII/338 4074:Al-Uthaymin 3151:Definitions 3100:December 7, 3009:Guillaume, 2462:Will of God 2413:responsible 2177:Heresiology 2129:Al-Uthaymin 2082:Taqdir Hawl 1896:At-Taghabun 1824:intentional 1607:heresiology 1389:Shi'i Islam 1330:all-knowing 1237:Qutbi Bohra 1222:Alavi Bohra 825:Ahl al-Ra'y 626:Laws of war 289:Ahl al-Bayt 174:Foundations 9067:Categories 9007:Philosophy 8894:Sophiology 8874:Philosophy 8869:Messianism 8829:Paterology 8433:Hypostasis 8423:Homoousian 8254:theologies 8194:Theopanism 8179:Polytheism 8142:Monotheism 8117:Henotheism 7785:Yunus Emre 7729:Ibn Sab’in 7698:Suhrawardi 7688:Ibn Tufail 7607:Al-Ghazali 7561:Apharabius 7396:psychology 7366:Avicennism 7228:(theology) 7004:Ex-Muslims 6899:Shu'ubiyya 6893:Psychology 6881:Literature 6871:Inventions 6817:Philosophy 6625:Leadership 6601:Honorifics 6256:Philosophy 6111:Isma'ilism 6076:Maturidism 5965:Caliphates 5936:Golden Age 5827:Revelation 5697:Golden Age 5692:Heortology 5687:Eviternity 5672:Divination 5493:1 November 5427:0192853449 5385:Sunnah.com 5349:sunnah.com 5343:tirmidhi. 5323:Sunnah.com 4817:2022-08-22 3679:30 January 3552:5 February 2915:2016-03-27 2736:1:286-288. 2656:, 19th AD 2429:Ibn Warraq 2298:al-Kulaynī 2255:Shi'a view 2003:archangels 1892:Ibn Kathir 1835:Al-Shafi'i 1664:Sunni view 1399:Definition 1090:Including: 1042:Mujassimah 750:Holy books 479:Philosophy 216:(exegesis) 153:Pilgrimage 143:Almsgiving 8884:Practical 8879:Political 8844:Cosmology 8801:Christian 8660:Holocaust 8650:Egotheism 8605:Goddesses 8600:Mormonism 8528:Christian 8481:Afterlife 8367:Sustainer 8174:Polydeism 8169:Pantheism 8154:Mysticism 8137:Monolatry 8132:Nontheism 8112:Dystheism 7846:Mir Damad 7839:17th–19th 7773:14th–16th 7739:al-Abharī 7734:Ibn Arabi 7668:Ahi Evren 7627:Bahmanyār 7386:cosmology 7371:Averroism 7304:(physics) 7250:astrology 7245:Cosmology 7121:Symbolism 7079:Incidents 7057:Criticism 6954:Mormonism 6856:Astrology 6782:Cosmology 6777:Astronomy 6719:Arabesque 6586:Etiquette 6545:Blasphemy 6335:Economics 6150:Ahmadiyya 6084:Mu'tazili 6072:Ash'arism 5579:6 January 5390:11 August 5177:page 62-3 5146:170696115 4795:11 August 4760:11 August 4724:11 August 4678:11 August 4616:11 August 4599:11 August 4557:12 August 4516:12 August 4482:11 August 4458:11 August 4436:The Koran 4415:17 August 4394:17 August 4367:12 August 4341:Hardcover 4335:12 August 4306:12 August 4283:12 August 4260:12 August 4222:25 August 4198:25 August 4170:12 August 4144:12 August 4120:12 August 4094:19 August 4065:19 August 4036:10 August 4005:10 August 3930:11 August 3890:949744119 3861:11 August 3759:11 August 3754:2580-0167 3713:11 August 3662:Tafsirweb 3526:14 August 3521:0585-5292 3492:11 August 3452:949744119 3423:11 August 3338:12 August 3293:(1): 46. 3255:(1): 45. 3015:: p.131-2 2803:Citations 2789:18 August 2767:18 August 2691:A hadith 2496:Ibn Rajab 2447:Qadariyah 2422:Muʿtazila 2387:Aristotle 2336:asserts: 2324:(Q.13:11) 2300:(d. 941), 2225:willfully 2217:Ibn Mada' 2208:At-Takwir 2193:Al-Tahawi 2185:Qadariyah 2113:ar-Rahman 2091:ad-Dukhan 2069:Ibn Majah 2045:Al-Suyuti 2041:as-Sunnah 1999:Al-Tahawi 1927:free will 1851:causality 1843:Al-Muzani 1810:Mashii'ah 1729:6/84 and 1720:Al-Baqara 1623:Ash'arism 1561:crucified 1557:Christian 1524:Qadariyah 1381:Muʿtazila 1370:Qadariyya 1177:Qizilbash 1067:Ahmadiyya 1062:Quraniyya 1057:Qadariyya 1052:Mu'tazila 1006:Muhakkima 599:terrorism 551:Criticism 504:Sexuality 474:Mysticism 444:Festivals 424:Education 419:Economics 355:Academics 311:Caliphate 124:Practices 21:Qadariyya 9002:Kabbalah 8949:Prophets 8824:Glossary 8790:By faith 8753:Hinduism 8635:Demiurge 8625:in Islam 8585:Hinduism 8575:Buddhism 8567:Feminist 8523:Buddhist 8331:Absolute 8324:Concepts 8300:Hinduism 8295:Buddhism 8261:By faith 8225:and gods 8217:Divinity 8203:Concepts 8164:Pandeism 8065:Theology 7683:Averroes 7622:Ibn Hazm 7617:Avicenna 7571:Al Amiri 7541:Al-Kindi 7534:9th–10th 7444:ʼIjtihād 7429:ʻAṣabīya 7422:Concepts 7361:Farabism 7316:Madrasah 7159:Category 7052:Islamism 7035:Muhammad 6991:Apostasy 6966:Hinduism 6866:Feminism 6797:Medicine 6637:Military 6591:Gambling 6540:Apostasy 6535:Criminal 6447:Marriage 6416:Tayammum 6368:Murabaha 6241:Madrasas 6231:Holidays 6221:Clothing 6216:Children 6211:Calendar 6162:Quranism 6116:Alawites 6080:Atharism 5971:Rashidun 5810:In Islam 5805:Muhammad 5702:Prophecy 5682:Eternity 5657:Calendar 5574:27793798 5520:(2001). 5466:New York 5456:(2013). 5414:(2000). 5138:25220438 4898:(2007). 4400:Quoting= 4156:(2010). 3855:Almanhaj 3656:(2016). 3299:25220438 3261:25220438 3147:"Taqdir" 3034:, p. 14. 2761:Rumaysho 2703:) said, 2468:Appendix 2441:See also 2240:Maturidi 2201:Al-Insan 2181:Jabriyya 2169:Atharism 2030:Al-A'raf 1820:Al-Khalq 1741:such as 1713:al-Qamar 1706:al-Ahzab 1648:such as 1592:Ashʿaris 1569:Damascus 1528:Jabriyya 1451:al-qadar 1444:al-qada’ 1374:Jabriyya 1344:Islam's 1202:Satpanth 1172:Bektashi 1032:Jabriyya 933:Prophecy 835:Maturidi 745:Prophets 700:a series 698:Part of 635:Glossary 621:Jihadism 594:Violence 589:Islamism 560:Muhammad 546:Apostasy 489:Politics 439:Feminism 434:Exorcism 395:Diaspora 380:Children 375:Calendar 303:Rashidun 281:Muhammad 276:Timeline 237:Mathnawi 99:Prophets 43:a series 41:Part of 25:madh'hab 9083:Destiny 8992:Aggadah 8940:Oneness 8932:Islamic 8814:Outline 8809:History 8768:Judaism 8763:Jainism 8719:Process 8694:Olelbis 8595:Judaism 8538:Islamic 8453:Trinity 8336:Brahman 8310:Sikhism 8305:Jainism 8278:Judaism 8230:Goddess 7902:present 7464:Maslaha 7348:Schools 7335:Sufism 7219:Alchemy 7106:Nursing 7067:Qutbism 6981:Sikhism 6976:Judaism 6971:Jainism 6807:Physics 6754:Pottery 6739:Gardens 6734:Carpets 6649:Slavery 6571:Divorce 6558:Dhabiĥa 6386:Hygiene 6361:Takaful 6343:Banking 6273:Science 6267:Qurbani 6236:Mosques 6196:Animals 6185:Culture 6133:Zaydism 6121:Alevism 6007:Ottoman 5997:Almohad 5992:Fatimid 5987:Córdoba 5982:Abbasid 5977:Umayyad 5910:Leaders 5905:History 5863:Shahada 5778:Beliefs 5667:Destiny 5662:Deities 5354:26 June 5328:14 June 5281:, 1995 5237:20 June 5151:16 June 5086:: p.132 5023:20 June 4998:14 June 4910:Jakarta 4076:. "2". 4018:(ed.). 3791:15 June 3620:15 June 3589:15 June 3572:by Dr ‘ 3546:Islamqa 3397:16 June 3304:16 June 3266:16 June 3228:15 June 3131:16 June 3090:"A e D" 3077:Muslims 2981:26 June 2955:16 June 2906:"Qadar" 2890:26 June 2845:26 June 2720:al-Lail 2409:created 2394:Ash'ari 2348:Ismaili 2098:al-Qadr 2011:Al-Hajj 1867:suicide 1839:Madhhab 1800:Kitabah 1790:Al-ʿIlm 1735:Tabi'un 1632:school 1587:Abbasid 1576:Umayyad 1481:History 1466:Taqdeer 1424:al-qadr 1322:destiny 1208:Mustali 1150:Shaykhi 1146:Akhbari 957:Walayah 943:Qiyamah 909:Tabarra 904:Tawalla 830:Ash'ari 779:Shahada 516:Slavery 499:Science 454:Madrasa 449:Finance 360:Animals 348:society 344:Culture 316:Imamate 296:Sahabah 269:History 239:(Poems) 224:(creed) 148:Fasting 76:Oneness 69:Beliefs 9030:Wiccan 8979:Jewish 8959:Angels 8889:Public 8859:Ethics 8548:Taoist 8543:Jewish 8503:Heaven 8360:God as 8090:Theism 7494:Tawḥīd 7454:ʻIrfān 7267:Ethics 7225:Aqidah 7212:Fields 6928: 6886:poetry 6696: 6581:Ethics 6565:Dhimmi 6524:Baligh 6485:Mahram 6442:Family 6422:Toilet 6402:Miswak 6155:Lahori 6096:Salafi 6042:Seerah 6037:Tafsir 6032:Hadith 6002:Sokoto 5947:Sahaba 5822:Angels 5799:Tawhid 5756:topics 5572: 5528: 5486: 5476: 5424: 5260: 5173: 5144: 5136: 5084:, 1978 5038:Q13:11 4959: 4949:Leiden 4916: 4548: 4507: 4440:: p.19 4438:, 2000 4434:Cook, 4251: 4229:93-95. 3888: 3878: 3820:8 July 3752: 3519: 3515:: 24. 3483: 3475:] 3450: 3440: 3329: 3297: 3259: 3182:8 July 3156:8 July 3013:, 1978 2822: 2708:"Act." 2699:They ( 2665:Hadith 2649: 2575:11:119 2261:Zaydis 2249:Arabic 2229:speech 2173:Salafi 2137:prayer 2101:97:4-5 2061:Zygote 2043:, and 1991:Tablet 1964:Taqdir 1876:musiba 1753:, and 1675:aqidah 1670:Arabic 1652:, and 1638:heaven 1630:Hanafi 1469:Arabic 1366:Angels 1360:, the 1356:, the 1352:, the 1319:divine 1300:Arabic 1193:Nizari 1182:Ishiki 962:Tawhid 938:Imamah 928:Adalah 923:Tawhid 818:Athari 755:Angels 708:Aqidah 570:Hadith 484:Poetry 464:Mosque 429:Ethics 254:Sharia 222:Aqidah 214:Tafsir 198:Hadith 192:Sunnah 136:Prayer 87:Angels 29:Aqidah 9017:Pagan 8909:Hindu 8758:Islam 8590:Islam 8533:Hindu 8496:Fitra 8346:Logos 8288:Islam 8237:Numen 8212:Deity 8107:Deism 8098:Forms 7900:20th– 7499:Ummah 7489:Shūrā 7484:Qiyās 7474:Qadar 7459:Ijmāʿ 7439:Iʻjaz 7356:Early 7310:Peace 7292:Logic 7273:Kalam 7040:Quran 6930:Other 6825:Early 6749:Music 6665:Kalam 6619:Jizya 6607:Hudud 6492:Nikah 6409:Najis 6395:Ghusl 6354:Sukuk 6283:Women 6251:Music 6226:Flags 6140:Ibadi 6067:Sunni 6027:Quran 5884:Zakat 5870:Salah 5833:Qadar 5791:Allah 5754:Islam 5570:JSTOR 5554:Numen 5484:JSTOR 5446:Islam 5142:S2CID 5134:JSTOR 5082:Islam 5049:Q5:64 4904:[ 4787:[ 4670:[ 4540:[ 4407:[ 4359:[ 4323:[ 4214:[ 4162:[ 4136:[ 4082:[ 4024:[ 3993:[ 3967:[ 3948:[ 3922:[ 3904:[ 3748:: 9. 3742:Medan 3740:(2). 3477:(PDF) 3471:[ 3388:Oasis 3295:JSTOR 3257:JSTOR 3122:Oasis 3011:Islam 2781:[ 2651:74:56 2647:Quran 2631:13:11 2624:18:28 2617:41:17 2610:18:23 2603:57:22 2596:54:49 2568:16:93 2561:2:6-7 2549:42:13 2529:Quran 2473:Notes 2434:ulama 2398:Sunni 2370:qadar 2366:qadā’ 2330:badaʾ 2269:Bada' 2211:81:29 2204:76:30 2155:from 2116:55:20 2065:fetus 2033:7:172 2014:22:10 1955:death 1911:2:216 1899:64:11 1887:مصيبة 1847:Iblis 1817:الخلق 1807:مشيئة 1797:كتابة 1787:العلم 1723:2:117 1716:54:49 1709:33:38 1702:74:56 1634:fatwa 1601:from 1473:تقدیر 1432:q-d-r 1428:ق د ر 1393:Shi'i 1342:Sunni 1326:Islam 1311:qadar 1295:Qadar 1197:Khoja 1167:Alevi 1162:Alawi 1142:Usuli 1047:Murji 1037:Jahmi 987:Jihad 972:Zakat 967:Salah 889:Jihad 884:Khums 874:Zakat 864:Salah 851:Shi'a 794:Zakat 784:Salah 727:Sunni 616:Jihad 565:Quran 526:Women 469:Music 407:Sunni 256:(law) 204:Sirah 185:Quran 169:Texts 51:Islam 33:Islam 8724:Tian 8507:Hell 8377:Good 8372:Time 7830:Jami 7712:13th 7651:12th 7600:11th 7479:Qalb 7469:Nafs 7449:ʻIlm 7381:Sufi 7283:Fiqh 6711:Arts 6642:POWs 6576:Diet 6506:Zina 6478:Mahr 6464:Haya 6428:Wudu 6375:Riba 6288:LGBT 6180:Life 6101:Shia 6091:Sufi 6082:and 5891:Hajj 5877:Sawm 5712:Yuga 5652:Aeon 5637:Time 5581:2022 5526:ISBN 5495:2020 5474:ISBN 5422:ISBN 5392:2024 5356:2022 5330:2022 5258:ISBN 5239:2022 5171:ISBN 5153:2022 5025:2022 5000:2022 4957:ISBN 4927:2024 4914:ISBN 4889:2024 4797:2024 4762:2024 4726:2024 4680:2024 4618:2024 4601:2024 4559:2024 4546:ISBN 4518:2024 4505:ISBN 4484:2024 4460:2024 4417:2024 4396:2024 4369:2024 4337:2024 4308:2024 4285:2024 4262:2024 4249:ISBN 4224:2024 4200:2024 4172:2024 4146:2024 4122:2024 4096:2024 4067:2024 4038:2024 4007:2024 3932:2024 3886:OCLC 3876:ISBN 3863:2024 3822:2022 3793:2022 3761:2024 3750:ISSN 3715:2024 3681:2022 3622:2022 3591:2022 3554:2022 3528:2024 3517:ISSN 3494:2024 3481:ISBN 3448:OCLC 3438:ISBN 3425:2024 3399:2022 3340:2024 3327:ISBN 3306:2022 3268:2022 3230:2022 3184:2022 3158:2022 3133:2022 3102:2013 2983:2022 2957:2022 2892:2022 2847:2022 2820:ISBN 2791:2024 2769:2024 2679:Iman 2675:Umar 2638:4:79 2589:87:2 2582:14:4 2542:9:51 2536:6:59 2514:kasb 2405:kasb 2368:and 2245:kasb 2206:and 2125:jinn 2096:and 2094:44:4 2026:Adam 1947:Aceh 1767:Magi 1763:Umar 1642:hell 1580:‘adl 1574:The 1516:rizq 1508:rizq 1495:ajal 1491:rizq 1487:ajal 1364:and 982:Hajj 977:Sawm 879:Hajj 869:Sawm 799:Hajj 789:Sawm 509:LGBT 412:Shia 346:and 246:Fiqh 23:, a 8944:God 8942:of 7434:Ḥāl 7236:Aql 6452:Sex 6315:Law 6201:Art 5639:in 5562:doi 5126:doi 2693:Ali 2294:Qom 2251:). 2247:in 2233:God 2219:of 2063:to 2005:or 1917:". 1890:)) 1658:and 1640:or 1567:in 1461:). 1387:of 1324:in 1304:قدر 740:God 702:on 604:war 365:Art 80:God 78:of 31:in 27:of 9069:: 8741:in 8505:/ 8383:, 7522:CE 6078:, 6074:, 5568:. 5558:56 5556:. 5552:. 5516:; 5482:. 5468:: 5464:. 5460:. 5394:. 5383:. 5347:. 5321:. 5297:^ 5230:. 5140:. 5132:. 5120:. 5116:. 5104:^ 5070:^ 4976:^ 4951:: 4947:. 4860:; 4856:; 4839:; 4764:. 4748:. 4728:. 4688:^ 4651:^ 4567:^ 4520:. 4462:. 4426:^ 4339:. 4226:. 4190:. 3884:. 3830:^ 3812:. 3801:^ 3784:. 3773:^ 3763:. 3701:. 3697:. 3672:; 3668:; 3660:. 3643:^ 3612:. 3599:^ 3581:. 3562:^ 3544:. 3511:. 3446:. 3390:. 3386:. 3360:^ 3289:. 3285:. 3251:. 3247:. 3221:. 3192:^ 3175:. 3149:. 3124:. 3120:. 3069:^ 3054:^ 3039:^ 3020:^ 2973:. 2948:. 2924:^ 2908:. 2883:. 2866:. 2838:. 2235:. 2187:. 2144:. 2079:/ 1879:,( 1815:– 1805:– 1795:– 1785:– 1749:, 1745:, 1725:, 1718:, 1711:, 1704:, 1693:). 1672:: 1644:. 1594:. 1571:. 1471:: 1376:. 1337:. 1306:, 1302:: 1148:, 1144:, 201:, 45:on 8387:) 8379:( 8057:e 8050:t 8043:v 7524:) 7234:' 7193:e 7186:t 7179:v 5746:e 5739:t 5732:v 5629:e 5622:t 5615:v 5583:. 5564:: 5534:. 5497:. 5430:. 5358:. 5332:. 5266:. 5241:. 5155:. 5128:: 5122:1 5027:. 5002:. 4929:. 4891:. 4850:" 4845:" 4820:. 4799:. 4682:. 4620:. 4603:. 4561:. 4486:. 4419:. 4398:. 4371:. 4310:. 4287:. 4264:. 4202:. 4174:. 4148:. 4124:. 4098:. 4069:. 4040:. 4009:. 3934:. 3892:. 3865:. 3824:. 3795:. 3738:1 3717:. 3683:. 3624:. 3593:. 3556:. 3530:. 3496:. 3454:. 3427:. 3401:. 3392:6 3342:. 3308:. 3291:1 3270:. 3253:1 3232:. 3186:. 3160:. 3135:. 3126:6 3104:. 2985:. 2959:. 2918:. 2894:. 2849:. 2793:. 2771:. 2753:| 2722:. 2640:) 2633:) 2626:) 2619:) 2612:) 2605:) 2598:) 2591:) 2584:) 2577:) 2570:) 2563:) 2551:) 2544:) 2243:( 2051:. 1993:( 1968:( 1686:, 1430:( 1411:( 1298:( 1282:e 1275:t 1268:v 1239:) 1210:( 1204:) 1195:( 1152:) 1140:( 682:e 675:t 668:v 207:) 195:( 35:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index