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Predicate (mathematical logic)

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A predicate is a statement or mathematical assertion that contains variables, sometimes referred to as predicate variables, and may be true or false depending on those variables’ value or values.
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only includes predicates that apply to individual objects, other logics may allow predicates that apply to collections of objects defined by other predicates.
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are sometimes regarded as zero-place predicates. In a sense, these are nullary (i.e. 0-
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is a symbol that represents a property or a relation. For instance, in the
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Problems in Set Theory, Mathematical Logic, and the Theory of Algorithms
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is a predicate that applies to the individual constants
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Symbol representing a property or relation in logic
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Similarly, in the formula 288:if the entities denoted by 2354: 1241:Schröder–Bernstein theorem 968:Monadic predicate calculus 627:Foundations of mathematics 545:Introduction to predicates 29: 2287: 2274:Philosophy of mathematics 2223:Automated theorem proving 1394: 1348:Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel 989: 510:Lavrov, Igor Andreevich; 414:from a set element to a 404:characteristic functions 1924:Self-verifying theories 1745:Tarski's axiomatization 696:Tarski's undefinability 691:incompleteness theorems 471:Predicate functor logic 348:. Since predicates are 18:Predicate (mathematics) 2323:Propositional calculus 2298:Mathematics portal 1909:Proof of impossibility 1557:propositional variable 867:Propositional calculus 400:law of excluded middle 342: 322: 302: 278: 277:{\displaystyle R(a,b)} 209: 189: 169: 149: 148:{\displaystyle R(a,b)} 114: 91: 71: 2167:Kolmogorov complexity 2120:Computably enumerable 2020:Model complete theory 1812:Principia Mathematica 872:Propositional formula 701:Banach–Tarski paradox 343: 323: 303: 279: 210: 190: 170: 150: 115: 92: 72: 2115:Church–Turing thesis 2102:Computability theory 1311:continuum hypothesis 829:Square of opposition 687:Gödel's completeness 461:Multigrade predicate 420:Set-builder notation 332: 312: 292: 284:would be true on an 253: 238:"true" and "false". 199: 179: 159: 124: 104: 81: 70:{\displaystyle P(a)} 52: 2269:Mathematical object 2160:P versus NP problem 2125:Computable function 1919:Reverse mathematics 1845:Logical consequence 1722:primitive recursive 1717:elementary function 1490:Free/bound variable 1343:Tarski–Grothendieck 862:Logical connectives 792:Logical equivalence 642:Logical consequence 491:Well-formed formula 427:autoepistemic logic 408:indicator functions 370:propositional logic 350:non-logical symbols 99:individual constant 47:first-order formula 2338:Mathematical logic 2067:Transfer principle 2030:Semantics of logic 2015:Categorical theory 1991:Non-standard model 1505:Logical connective 632:Information theory 581:Mathematical logic 476:Predicate variable 338: 318: 298: 274: 243:semantics of logic 234:of objects to the 205: 185: 165: 145: 110: 87: 67: 2305: 2304: 2237:Abstract category 2040:Theories of truth 1850:Rule of inference 1840:Natural deduction 1821: 1820: 1366: 1365: 1071:Cartesian product 976: 975: 882:Many-valued logic 857:Boolean functions 740:Russell's paradox 715:diagonal argument 612:First-order logic 512:Maksimova, Larisa 451:Classifying topos 385:first-order logic 354:first-order logic 341:{\displaystyle R} 321:{\displaystyle b} 301:{\displaystyle a} 208:{\displaystyle b} 188:{\displaystyle a} 168:{\displaystyle R} 113:{\displaystyle a} 90:{\displaystyle P} 16:(Redirected from 2345: 2296: 2295: 2247:History of logic 2242:Category of sets 2135:Decision problem 1914:Ordinal analysis 1855:Sequent calculus 1753:Boolean algebras 1693: 1692: 1667: 1638:logical/constant 1392: 1378: 1301:Zermelo–Fraenkel 1052:Set operations: 987: 924: 755: 735:Löwenheim–Skolem 622:Formal semantics 574: 567: 560: 551: 532: 531: 507: 466:Opaque predicate 347: 345: 344: 339: 327: 325: 324: 319: 307: 305: 304: 299: 283: 281: 280: 275: 214: 212: 211: 206: 194: 192: 191: 186: 174: 172: 171: 166: 154: 152: 151: 146: 119: 117: 116: 111: 96: 94: 93: 88: 76: 74: 73: 68: 21: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2318:Predicate logic 2308: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2290: 2283: 2228:Category theory 2218:Algebraic logic 2201: 2172:Lambda calculus 2110:Church encoding 2096: 2072:Truth predicate 1928: 1894:Complete theory 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2058: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2025:Satisfiability 2022: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1949: 1942:Interpretation 1938: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1877: 1872: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1831: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1815: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1763:minimal axioms 1760: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1696: 1694: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1657: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1460: 1455: 1453:Formation rule 1450: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1372:Formal systems 1368: 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2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996:of arithmetic 1994: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1903:from ZFC 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1802:non-Euclidean 1800: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1684: 1679:Example  1676: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1436:by definition 1434: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1373: 1369: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1323:Kripke–Platek 1321: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1167:constructible 1165: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1090: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1000: 997: 996: 995: 992: 991: 988: 985: 983: 979: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 937: 934: 933: 932: 929: 925: 920: 919: 918: 915: 914: 912: 910: 906: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 849: 847: 845: 844:Propositional 841: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 772:Logical truth 770: 768: 765: 764: 762: 760: 756: 753: 751: 747: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 688: 685: 684: 682: 680: 674: 669: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 601: 598: 597: 596: 593: 592: 590: 586: 582: 575: 570: 568: 563: 561: 556: 555: 552: 546: 543: 542: 538: 529: 523: 519: 518: 513: 506: 503: 496: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 448: 444: 439: 435: 432: 428: 424: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 390: 386: 382: 380:) predicates. 379: 375: 371: 367: 366: 365: 359: 357: 355: 351: 335: 315: 295: 287: 268: 265: 262: 256: 248: 244: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 220:Gottlob Frege 218:According to 216: 202: 182: 162: 155:, the symbol 139: 136: 133: 127: 107: 100: 84: 77:, the symbol 61: 55: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 2289: 2087:Ultraproduct 1934:Model theory 1899:Independence 1835:Formal proof 1827:Proof theory 1810: 1783: 1740:real numbers 1712:second-order 1623:Substitution 1541: 1500:Metalanguage 1441:conservative 1414:Axiom schema 1358:Constructive 1328:Morse–Kelley 1294:Set theories 1273:Aleph number 1266:inaccessible 1172:Grothendieck 1056:intersection 962: 943:Higher-order 931:Second-order 877:Truth tables 834:Venn diagram 617:Formal proof 516: 505: 430: 363: 240: 236:truth values 231: 227: 223: 217: 42: 36: 2333:Fuzzy logic 2197:Type theory 2145:undecidable 2077:Truth value 1964:equivalence 1643:non-logical 1256:Enumeration 1246:Isomorphism 1193:cardinality 1177:Von Neumann 1142:Ultrafilter 1107:Uncountable 1041:equivalence 958:Quantifiers 948:Fixed-point 917:First-order 797:Consistency 782:Proposition 759:Traditional 730:Lindström's 720:Compactness 662:Type theory 607:Cardinality 486:Truth value 481:Truthbearer 438:fuzzy logic 416:truth value 2312:Categories 2008:elementary 1701:arithmetic 1569:Quantifier 1547:functional 1419:Expression 1137:Transitive 1081:identities 1066:complement 999:hereditary 982:Set theory 527:0306477122 497:References 396:set theory 2279:Supertask 2182:Recursion 2140:decidable 1974:saturated 1952:of models 1875:deductive 1870:axiomatic 1790:Hilbert's 1777:Euclidean 1758:canonical 1681:axiomatic 1613:Signature 1542:Predicate 1431:Extension 1353:Ackermann 1278:Operation 1157:Universal 1147:Recursive 1122:Singleton 1117:Inhabited 1102:Countable 1092:Types of 1076:power set 1046:partition 963:Predicate 909:Predicate 824:Syllogism 814:Soundness 787:Inference 777:Tautology 679:paradoxes 412:functions 398:with the 247:relations 228:predicate 43:predicate 2264:Logicism 2257:timeline 2233:Concrete 2092:Validity 2062:T-schema 2055:Kripke's 2050:Tarski's 2045:semantic 2035:Strength 1984:submodel 1979:spectrum 1947:function 1795:Tarski's 1784:Elements 1771:geometry 1727:Robinson 1648:variable 1633:function 1606:spectrum 1596:Sentence 1552:variable 1495:Language 1448:Relation 1409:Automata 1399:Alphabet 1383:language 1237:-jection 1215:codomain 1201:Function 1162:Universe 1132:Infinite 1036:Relation 819:Validity 809:Argument 707:theorem, 514:(2003). 445:See also 2206:Related 2003:Diagram 1901: ( 1880:Hilbert 1865:Systems 1860:Theorem 1738:of the 1683:systems 1463:Formula 1458:Grammar 1374: ( 1318:General 1031:Forcing 1016:Element 936:Monadic 711:paradox 652:Theorem 588:General 431:unknown 410:(i.e., 406:or set 241:In the 224:meaning 1969:finite 1732:Skolem 1685:  1660:Theory 1628:Symbol 1618:String 1601:atomic 1478:ground 1473:closed 1468:atomic 1424:ground 1387:syntax 1283:binary 1210:domain 1127:Finite 892:finite 750:Logics 709:  657:Theory 524:  232:domain 222:, the 1959:Model 1707:Peano 1564:Proof 1404:Arity 1333:Naive 1220:image 1152:Fuzzy 1112:Empty 1061:union 1006:Class 647:Model 637:Lemma 595:Axiom 389:terms 378:arity 226:of a 39:logic 2082:Type 1885:list 1689:list 1666:list 1655:Term 1589:rank 1483:open 1377:list 1189:Maps 1094:sets 953:Free 923:list 673:list 600:list 522:ISBN 308:and 195:and 41:, a 1769:of 1751:of 1699:of 1231:Sur 1205:Map 1012:Ur- 994:Set 436:In 425:In 418:). 394:In 383:In 368:In 215:. 37:In 2314:: 2155:NP 1779:: 1773:: 1703:: 1380:), 1235:Bi 1227:In 372:, 2235:/ 2150:P 1905:) 1691:) 1687:( 1584:∀ 1579:! 1574:∃ 1535:= 1530:↔ 1525:→ 1520:∧ 1515:√ 1510:ÂŹ 1233:/ 1229:/ 1203:/ 1014:) 1010:( 897:∞ 887:3 675:) 573:e 566:t 559:v 530:. 391:. 336:R 316:b 296:a 272:) 269:b 266:, 263:a 260:( 257:R 203:b 183:a 163:R 143:) 140:b 137:, 134:a 131:( 128:R 108:a 85:P 65:) 62:a 59:( 56:P 34:. 20:)

Index

Predicate (mathematics)
Predicate (disambiguation) § Logic
logic
first-order formula
individual constant
Gottlob Frege
truth values
semantics of logic
relations
interpretation
non-logical symbols
first-order logic
propositional logic
atomic formulas
arity
first-order logic
terms
set theory
law of excluded middle
characteristic functions
indicator functions
functions
truth value
Set-builder notation
autoepistemic logic
fuzzy logic
Classifying topos
Free variables and bound variables
Multigrade predicate
Opaque predicate

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