337:
66:
1182:, Moi quickly became dictatorial and started ruling with an iron fist. His ruling party had absolute authority over the country's judicial and politics, while he had supreme authority over all governance issues. Moi was above the law and his word was law, and this led to his legislation in 1982, which made Kenya a de jure one-party state. As a consequence, Moi banned opposition of the ruling party, KANU and frequently vetoed decisions made my parliament.
1162:, 90 days later. Moi was the sole candidate. He received strong support mainly because Kenyans were weary of the ruling party and their leader, Jomo Kenyatta. Kenyatta had appointed his kinsmen and tribesmen within the Kikuyu community in all the important positions of government, earning the name Kiambu Mafia. Because Moi was a Kalenjin and, therefore, an outsider, people regarded him as the best replacement to bring nationalism back to the country.
249:
374:
128:
1039:
25:
1544:
1175:
however, Moi was too weak to consolidate his power and relied hugely on Kibaki to wield power. Moi appointed people who were loyal to him and unopposed to his leadership. Like
Kenyatta, he appointed people mainly from his ethnic group into important leadership positions and stemmed opposition through brute force and arrests.
1202:
sought to register a socialist opposition party in 1982, Moi struck back using the law he had passed to criminalise competitive politics and criticism of his leadership. Moi introduced
Amendment Act, Number 7 of 1982 to parliament, which introduced Section 2(A) transforming the country into a de jure
1165:
During his campaign in 1978, Moi promised to have an inclusive government, battle tribalism, corruption and improve the economy. These promises earned him an unopposed presidential bid, leading to his unanimous election to office. Within days after his appointment, Moi freed 26 prisoners who had been
1236:
With no opposition party to rival, Moi's KANU faced weak political candidates and won the presidency in 1988. When multiparty politics were finally allowed in the county, Moi used power and influence to cause disagreements within the opposing parties, which helped him win the 1992 re-election with a
1227:
as a voting method, which brought large-scale election rigging into mainstream practice. As a result, Kenyans thus lost their right to vote for parliamentary candidates of their choice as disputes arising out of nominations were often referred to the president personally as the final arbiter, who in
1214:
to overthrow Moi's presidency. The attempt was stopped but it resulted to the death of between 600 and 1,200 people. This only reinforced Moi's urge to consolidate his powers and become more authoritarian. Moi twice again amended the constitution to cripple oversight authorities such as the
Judicial
1193:
As his presidency progressed towards a dictatorship government, Moi started facing opposition within his party as well as outside. To deal with this emerging opposition, Moi further centralised power, consolidated his cabinet and started arresting opponents. The concerns about corruption, tribalism,
1174:
After he became president, Moi appointed Kibaki to be his vice president. Moi quickly consolidated his power, banning opposition parties and promoting his
Kalenjin countrymen to positions of authority at the expense of the Kikuyu. He also curried favour with the army. Despite his popularity,
1454:
Kenya Human Rights
Commission, Quarterly Repression Report, October- December 1995. Nairobi: Kenya Human Rights Commission and Kenya Human Rights Commission, Quarterly Repression Report, July–September 1996. Nairobi: Kenya Human Rights Commission,
1460:
Throup, D., "Render unto Caesar the Things That Are Caesar's: The
Politics of Church-State Conflict in Kenya, 1978-1990", pp. 154–169, in Religion and Politics in East Africa B. Hansen and M. Twaddle, Editors. 1995, London: James
1264:. Suppression of freedom of the press, assembly, association, expression and movement and other fundamental rights of individuals were extended to the press, and non-governmental organizations. In 1991 Moi banned the production of
1150:, a new president was to be elected within 90 days following the demise of the sitting president. As a necessity, Moi was sworn in as the president since he was the vice president at the time of Kenyatta's death.
1448:
Article 19, Kenya: Post-Election
Political Violence. London: Article 19, p. 1, December 1998 and generally, Article 19, Deadly Marionettes: State Sponsored Violence in Africa. London: Article 19, October
1464:
Africa Watch, Kenya: Taking
Liberties. Washington D.C.: An African Watch Report, p. 151. July 1991. "Hannan Lucy, Bias and Judicial Outrage". New Law Journal (London) 141(1991): 900-901
1185:
Moi consolidated all powers and all forms of authority reported to him, including (Provincial
Commissioners, the District Commissioners, and District Officers ) who are civil servants.
1166:
detained without trial. He cracked down drunkards and spoke openly against abuse of office. Kenyans were convinced he was on the road to deliver his campaign promises and manifesto.
1497:
1472:
Kenya
Episcopal Conference, "An Open Letter to His Excellency the President Daniel Arap Moi and the People of Goodwill in Kenya". Standard(Nairobi), 30 October 1993
1276:'s play Ngaahika Ndeenda (Kikuyu for, "I Will Marry When I Want") considered by the regime to be subversive because it attacks post-independence African dictators.
1067:
1288:. Kenya's economy also remained above that of other East African countries despite the country remaining a poor country until the presidency of Kibaki.
1645:
1224:
1009:
145:
38:
840:
1640:
1490:
969:
954:
887:
678:
783:
87:
1635:
1285:
912:
798:
723:
192:
1159:
850:
164:
1347:
1115:
1004:
229:
211:
109:
52:
1483:
738:
1443:
Kenya Human Rights Report, Kayas Re-Visited, A Post-Election Balance Sheet, Kenya Human Rights Commission, Nairobi, 1998: pp 40.
171:
1506:
1391:
1630:
1284:
During Moi's term as president, Kenya achieved a number of successes, including becoming a multiparty democracy, opening the
1060:
564:
149:
1249:
979:
178:
44:
1596:
1531:
1147:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1100:
1024:
944:
907:
897:
793:
293:
1566:
1093:
860:
428:
316:
160:
80:
74:
1606:
1019:
475:
460:
336:
1273:
138:
1586:
1053:
989:
356:
321:
91:
1240:
A number of the champions of multiparty politics were arrested, detained without trial and tortured, including
1223:
Moi continued to implement authoritarian rule throughout his tenure in office beyond parliament. He introduced
641:
1146:
Following the death of Mzee Jomo Kenyatta on 22 August 1978, Moi became acting president. According to the
959:
835:
1195:
1111:
396:
373:
855:
748:
185:
1014:
974:
693:
1241:
788:
753:
718:
708:
673:
465:
305:
1552:
1096:
917:
703:
542:
300:
277:
1468:"Constitutional Law According to Mr. Justice Dugdale" Nairobi Law Monthly, 34 (19910: 15-16).
1343:
1211:
1114:
for 90 days during which the country was to prepare for a presidential election to be held on
984:
902:
763:
631:
391:
383:
1335:
936:
892:
874:
812:
698:
665:
618:
556:
537:
499:
480:
452:
433:
410:
365:
1572:
1253:
1207:
1085:
882:
845:
651:
604:
579:
574:
527:
517:
512:
507:
1215:
Services Commission and the Attorney General's office by removing their security tenure.
1592:
1518:
1366:
1305:
1257:
994:
825:
713:
569:
1624:
1562:
1265:
1261:
1199:
1179:
1107:
830:
778:
768:
758:
688:
683:
626:
599:
1203:
one-party state by introducing the detention laws which had been suspended in 1978.
1602:
1527:
1413:
1399:
1245:
1043:
999:
964:
728:
646:
423:
1582:
1269:
1131:
949:
743:
470:
127:
820:
636:
485:
418:
248:
1158:
Special presidential election for the balance of Kenyatta's term was held on
1104:
773:
532:
1543:
1475:
1339:
1089:
733:
589:
584:
438:
1510:
522:
1134:
in the latter two elections. He was succeeded by Mwai Kibaki in
594:
1479:
1414:"Human Rights Abuse in Kenya under Daniel Arap Moi, 1978-2001"
121:
59:
18:
1429:
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights, 1992.
1427:
Justice Enjoined: The State of the Judiciary in Kenya,
1103:
party member, took office following the death of the
1194:
and freeing prisoners were a thing of the past. When
1189:
Dissension against his presidency and attempted coup
1551:
1517:
299:
289:
152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1228:turn made decisions in favour of his candidates.
1330:Miller, Norman; Yeager, Rodger (9 March 2018).
1138:. He died at the age of 95 on 4 February 2020
1491:
1061:
8:
1436:Africa: Dispatches from a Fragile Continent,
1361:
1359:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1498:
1484:
1476:
1178:Learning from fellow African leaders like
1068:
1054:
350:
271:22 August 1978 – 30 December 2002
247:
1010:October 2017 Kenyan presidential election
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
1099:, and ended on 30 December 2002. Moi, a
73:This article includes a list of general
1297:
538:Mijikenda Kayas (Fortified settlements)
424:Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture
364:
353:
1306:"Daniel arap Moi | president of Kenya"
332:
243:
1219:Furtherance of the authoritarian rule
970:2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum
955:2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum
7:
679:Imperial British East Africa Company
150:adding citations to reliable sources
913:1998 United States embassy bombings
799:Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)
724:East African campaign (World War I)
851:Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association
461:Lothagam North Monumental Cemetery
79:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1110:on the same day. He was sworn as
1005:Garissa University College attack
784:Nairobi People's Convention Party
528:Thimlich Ohinga stone-built ruins
34:This article has multiple issues.
1646:2002 disestablishments in Africa
1542:
1037:
739:Luo Union (Welfare Organisation)
372:
335:
126:
64:
23:
137:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1392:"Human rights abuse in Africa"
1084:began on 22 August 1978, when
565:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
16:Era of Daniel Moi's governance
1:
1206:On 1 August 1982, a group of
1082:presidency of Daniel arap Moi
980:Westgate shopping mall attack
1641:1978 establishments in Kenya
1371:biography.yourdictionary.com
1025:Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta
945:2002 Kenyan general election
908:1997 Kenyan general election
898:1992 Kenyan general election
794:Kenya African National Union
1425:Days, Drew S., and others,
861:Presidency of Jomo Kenyatta
619:Portuguese and Omani period
429:Kariandusi prehistoric site
276:
1662:
1636:Political history of Kenya
1142:1978 presidential election
1020:COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya
161:"Presidency of Daniel Moi"
1540:
1170:Politics and appointments
1118:. Moi won reelections in
990:Presidency of Mwai Kibaki
841:'Little general election'
343:Standard of the President
331:
311:
262:
258:
246:
923:Presidency of Daniel Moi
888:1982 coup d'état attempt
642:East African slave trade
543:Indian Ocean trade route
266:Presidency of Daniel Moi
1367:"Daniel Arap Moi Facts"
1310:Encyclopedia Britannica
960:2007-2008 Kenyan crisis
813:Early post-independence
666:British colonial period
94:more precise citations.
1196:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
1154:Campaign and manifesto
985:2014 Mpeketoni attacks
397:List of years in Kenya
1631:Presidencies of Kenya
1396:University of Florida
1340:10.4324/9780429493560
1210:officers attempted a
856:Josiah Mwangi Kariuki
749:Kenya in World War II
1402:on 8 September 2006.
1015:2018 Kenya handshake
975:Operation Linda Nchi
836:Kenya People's Union
714:Kenya-Uganda Railway
694:Kenya-Uganda Railway
146:improve this article
1438:W. W. Norton, 1990.
789:The Kennedy Airlift
754:Kenya African Union
719:Mekatilili Wa Menza
709:British East Africa
674:Johann Ludwig Krapf
557:Swahili city-states
471:Elmenteitan Culture
466:Kalokol Pillar Site
419:Koobi Fora Hominins
1553:President of Kenya
1097:President of Kenya
918:Terrorism in Kenya
704:German East Africa
590:History of Malindi
585:History of Mombasa
476:Cushitic expansion
1618:
1617:
1274:Ngugi Wa Thiong'o
1272:. He also banned
1112:interim president
1078:
1077:
903:HIV/AIDS in Kenya
764:Mau Mau Rebellion
632:Portuguese Empire
518:Nilotic expansion
392:Timeline of Kenya
349:
348:
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
196:
120:
119:
112:
57:
1653:
1546:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1477:
1434:Harden, Blaine,
1418:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:. Archived from
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1302:
1250:Mohammed Ibrahim
1232:Subsequent terms
1148:Old Constitution
1070:
1063:
1056:
1044:Kenya portal
1042:
1041:
1040:
893:Wagalla massacre
699:Nandi Resistance
500:African Iron Age
481:Eburran industry
434:Enkapune Ya Muto
376:
366:History of Kenya
351:
339:
269:
267:
251:
244:
235:
228:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
195:
154:
130:
122:
115:
108:
104:
101:
95:
90:this article by
81:inline citations
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1573:Daniel arap Moi
1547:
1538:
1537:
1513:
1504:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1282:
1254:Gitobu Imanyara
1234:
1221:
1208:Kenya Air Force
1191:
1172:
1156:
1144:
1086:Daniel arap Moi
1074:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
939:
929:
928:
927:
883:Daniel Arap Moi
877:
867:
866:
865:
846:Kisumu Massacre
815:
805:
804:
803:
668:
658:
657:
656:
652:Said bin Sultan
621:
611:
610:
609:
605:Jumba la Mtwana
595:History of Lamu
580:Kilwa Sultanate
575:Swahili culture
559:
549:
548:
547:
513:Bantu expansion
508:Sirikwa culture
502:
492:
491:
490:
455:
445:
444:
443:
413:
403:
402:
401:
386:
360:
345:
344:
341:
340:
327:
326:
325:
319:
285:
284:Daniel arap Moi
280:
270:
265:
263:
254:
236:
225:
224:
223:
218:
207:
201:
198:
155:
153:
143:
131:
116:
105:
99:
96:
86:Please help to
85:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1600:
1593:Uhuru Kenyatta
1590:
1580:
1570:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:Queen of Kenya
1515:
1514:
1507:Heads of State
1505:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1419:
1405:
1383:
1355:
1348:
1322:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1281:
1278:
1258:Kenneth Matiba
1233:
1230:
1220:
1217:
1190:
1187:
1171:
1168:
1155:
1152:
1143:
1140:
1105:then president
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Uhuru Kenyatta
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
940:
937:Recent history
935:
934:
931:
930:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
878:
873:
872:
869:
868:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
826:Pio Gama Pinto
823:
817:
816:
811:
810:
807:
806:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
670:
669:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
623:
622:
617:
616:
613:
612:
608:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
570:Swahili people
567:
561:
560:
555:
554:
551:
550:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
504:
503:
498:
497:
494:
493:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
457:
456:
451:
450:
447:
446:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
415:
414:
409:
408:
405:
404:
400:
399:
394:
388:
387:
382:
381:
378:
377:
369:
368:
362:
361:
354:
347:
346:
342:
334:
333:
329:
328:
320:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
303:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
283:
281:
273:
272:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
238:
237:
220:
219:
134:
132:
125:
118:
117:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1658:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:Jomo Kenyatta
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:9780429493560
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:George Orwell
1263:
1262:Charles Rubia
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:John Khaminwa
1238:
1237:wide margin.
1231:
1229:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:military coup
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:George Anyona
1197:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:Jomo Kenyatta
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
938:
933:
932:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
876:
871:
870:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:Bildad Kaggia
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
809:
808:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:Oginga Odinga
777:
775:
772:
770:
769:Dedan Kimathi
767:
765:
762:
760:
759:Jomo Kenyatta
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:Nabongo Mumia
687:
685:
684:Wanga Kingdom
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
662:
661:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
627:Vasco da Gama
625:
624:
620:
615:
614:
606:
603:
601:
600:Ruins of Gedi
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
558:
553:
552:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Urewe culture
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
501:
496:
495:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
454:
449:
448:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
407:
406:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
385:
380:
379:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
358:
352:
338:
330:
324: →
323:
318:
317:Jomo Kenyatta
315:←
310:
307:
304:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
282:
279:
275:
274:
268:
261:
257:
250:
245:
242:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163: –
162:
158:
157:Find sources:
151:
147:
141:
140:
135:This article
133:
129:
124:
123:
114:
111:
103:
93:
89:
83:
82:
76:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1607:2022–present
1603:William Ruto
1576:
1528:Elizabeth II
1467:
1435:
1426:
1408:
1400:the original
1395:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1331:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:
1300:
1283:
1280:Achievements
1246:Raila Odinga
1239:
1235:
1222:
1205:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1157:
1145:
1130:, defeating
1081:
1079:
1000:William Ruto
965:Raila Odinga
922:
729:Kenya Colony
647:Omani Empire
264:
241:
226:
208:
199:
189:
182:
175:
168:
156:
144:Please help
139:verification
136:
106:
97:
78:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1583:Mwai Kibaki
1270:Animal Farm
1132:Mwai Kibaki
950:Mwai Kibaki
744:Harry Thuku
411:Pleistocene
322:Mwai Kibaki
306:State House
253:Moi in 1979
92:introducing
1625:Categories
1376:30 January
1315:30 January
1292:References
1160:8 November
1116:8 November
821:Shifta War
637:Fort Jesus
486:Hyrax Hill
202:March 2019
172:newspapers
100:March 2019
75:references
39:improve it
1597:2013–2022
1587:2002–2013
1577:1978–2002
1567:1964–1978
1532:1963–1964
774:Tom Mboya
533:Shungwaya
453:Neolithic
278:President
45:talk page
1090:sworn in
734:Mumboism
384:Overview
357:a series
355:Part of
1461:Currey.
1225:queuing
1092:as the
875:Moi era
439:Nataruk
186:scholar
88:improve
1346:
1180:Mugabe
359:on the
188:
181:
174:
167:
159:
77:, but
1511:Kenya
1455:1996.
1332:Kenya
290:Party
193:JSTOR
179:books
1449:1997
1378:2019
1344:ISBN
1317:2019
1286:JKIA
1260:and
1198:and
1136:2002
1128:1997
1126:and
1124:1992
1120:1988
1101:KANU
1088:was
1080:The
301:Seat
294:KANU
165:news
1509:of
1336:doi
1268:'s
1094:2nd
148:by
1627::
1394:.
1369:.
1358:^
1342:.
1334:.
1308:.
1256:,
1252:,
1248:,
1244:,
1122:,
48:.
1609:)
1605:(
1599:)
1595:(
1589:)
1585:(
1579:)
1575:(
1569:)
1565:(
1534:)
1530:(
1499:e
1492:t
1485:v
1416:.
1380:.
1352:.
1338::
1319:.
1069:e
1062:t
1055:v
233:)
227:(
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
190:·
183:·
176:·
169:·
142:.
113:)
107:(
102:)
98:(
84:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
