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24:
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170:, the construction of the first highway that connected Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo, and also the first paved highway in Brazil, as highway transport played a fundamental role in his government, and the creation of a fund for highway construction. As he had done as mayor of São Paulo and later president (governor) of the homonymous state, Washington Luís published old documents from the
338:(PD) that emerged in the main state that supported the government, São Paulo, Washington Luís tightened the Press Law and approved the so-called Celerada Law, which restricted civil and press freedom and made the Communist Party illegal again. In 1928, Washington Luís created the Road Police, which was renamed Federal Highway Police in 1945, a name it retains to this day.
435:, for vice president. By doing so, Luís broke with the milk coffee policy and obtained the support of seventeen state presidents, with only the presidents of Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba being against the nomination of Júlio Prestes. The presidents of these three states and opposition politicians from several states then came together to form the
420:
301:. The most prominent point that was effectively put into practice was the Stabilization Bank, the new body's exclusive responsibility was to receive gold, in bars or coins, national and foreign, and in exchange issuing notes of the same value to the depositors. The adoption of the new currency was postponed thanks to the
370:, in the state of São Paulo) was completed, started still during his term as governor of São Paulo, inaugurating it on 5 May 1928. A very difficult work to carry out. It was the first highway to connect São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro and the only connection between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro until the inauguration of the
274:
in 1927, which would consist of the president and state ministers, with the task of "coordinating the production of intel on financial, economic, military and moral issues relating to the defense of the
Fatherland". This council was the embryo of Brazil's intelligence and national security bodies. In
346:
Through Decree No. 5,141 of 5 January 1927, the
Special Fund for the Construction and Conservation of Federal Highways was created in order to finance road development in Brazil. One of Washington Luís achievements was the Rio-Petrópolis highway which, opened in 1928, would later receive his name,
216:
Then governor of São Paulo, Washington Luís was the candidate chosen in accordance with the milk coffee policy, but the governor of Minas Gerais, Melo Viana, thought it was better for another Minas Gerais politician to succeed Artur
Bernardes, and started a campaign. Minister Afonso Pena Júnior of
446:
On 1 March 1930, Júlio
Prestes won the election amid protests from the opposition, who denounced the occurrence of fraud. Rumors arose about a possible revolution, which were denied by Vargas and other Liberal Alliance leaders. After the murder of João Pessoa for unrelated reasons, members of the
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underwent a restructuring, giving greater administrative attention with the creation of
Economic and Commercial Services; the organization of the archive, the library and the establishment of better facilities; integration with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and
317:
From 1925 onwards, the difference between coffee production and demand became very worrying, and in 1926 Brazil's Coffee
Institute even started to increase the prices of the product on the international market by increasing the retention of the product. This strategy was unsuccessful — and was
326:
As a consequence of the public outcry that occurred after the
Waldemiro Boy Case, the sexual abuse of a 12-year-old boy in a prison, Washington Luís instituted, through decree No. 5,083 of 1 December 1926, the first Infant Code in the country, which established the
396:
Commerce, with foreign trade, external credit and immigration as its central focus; and the centralization and improvement in the production of information, through the production of monthly reports by the diplomatic corps. Brazil's non-adherence to the
262:, however, despite having promised to release all political prisoners, according to his presidential message of 1927, Luís did not grant amnesty to the rebels of 1922, 1923, 1924 and 1925, although he granted freedom to military and civilian prisoners.
296:
On 18 December 1926, Washington Luís instituted economic, financial, monetary and exchange rate reforms in Brazil through decree No. 5,108, adopting the gold standard and a new currency, the
Cruzeiro; his finance minister at that time was
374:
in 1950. After its completion, an automobile journey between São Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro lasted 14 hours, compared to 36 days in 1908, when Count Lesdain made the first trip between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in a
250:, approved in the previous four years by president Artur Bernardes, was not renewed, although it continued to be in force in some states to fight the Prestes Column. Washington Luís abolished the political prisons on
351:, the first paved highway in Brazil and considered a landmark of Brazilian civil engineering, although many people at the time thought that the works were carried out by Americans or other foreigners.
221:; and so the Washington Luís-Melo Viana ticket won the election without opposition. Washington Luís's main competitor in the 1926 election was the liberal politician from Rio Grande do Sul
318:
further aggravated by the onset of the Great
Depression in 1929. With this crisis, the United States and Europe greatly reduced coffee purchases, severely damaging exports of the product.
661:
145:, the 13th presidential election held in Brazil, becoming the 13th President of Brazil, and ended on 24 October 1930, when he was deposed by the military during the
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Washington Luís assumed the presidency of Brazil on 15 November 1926. His election was received with great hopes after a period of deep political unrest. The
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On 24 October 1930, with the revolution raging, the military ministers (Army and Navy) went ahead and deposed Washington Luís, who was arrested, left the
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In August 1927, after new outbreaks of political turmoil, leading to the strengthening of the opposition, including the creation of the
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and assumed the presidency, but later handed it over to Getúlio Vargas on 3 November 1930, thus ending the First Brazilian Republic.
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In 1929, Washington Luís supported Júlio Prestes, then president of the state of São Paulo, as his successor for the upcoming
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and the Revolution of 1930, the currency exchange would only take place in 1942, with the adoption of the first
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His presidency was marked by the creation of the first Infant Code in the country, the creation of the current
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was also highlighted, a fact that only occurred in July 1934, through Decree No. 24,557 of 3 July 1934.
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and contributed to the outbreak of the Revolution of 1930, which resulted in the end of the
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Washington Luís, accompanied by Archbishop Sebastião Leme, leaving the Guanabara Palace
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662:"Governo Arthur Bernardes: o Brasil já esteve em Estado de Sítio por 4 anos"
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Introdução aos sistemas de transporte no Brasíl e à logística internacional
1102:"Folha de S.Paulo - Mundo - Washington Luís e Herbert Hoover - 08/04/2012"
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the Bernardes government convinced Melo Viana to run for the position of
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983:"Entre 'Avenida' e "Rodovia": a história da avenida Brasil (1906-1954)"
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The São Paulo-Rio Highway (which still exists in some sections called
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185:, then president of São Paulo, as his successor, broke with the
163:, which had lasted since 1925, being a significant development.
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587:"Folha de S.Paulo - Estrada Velha foi a 1ª ligação Rio - SP"
1053:"História Automotiva: primeira viagem Rio-SP levou 36 dias"
531:"Crianças iam para a cadeia no Brasil até a década de 1920"
944:"Repartição Federal de Fiscalização das Estradas de Ferro"
1126:"O fim da República Café com Leite e a Revolução de 1932"
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accompanied by the Cardinal-Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro
895:"Brutalizado dentro de um xadrez, na Central de Polícia"
559:"Solene lembra os 80 anos da Polícia Rodoviária Federal"
1025:"Rodovia Presidente Dutra completa 64 anos de história"
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504:"Coluna Prestes | Atlas Histórico do Brasil - FGV"
447:Alliance launched a revolution on 3 October 1930.
741:"Criação da Arma de Aviação do Exército - MUSAL"
242:Washington Luis arriving to watch a troop parade
870:"Crise acaba com era de ouro do café no Brasil"
717:"Decreto nº 17.999, de 29 de Novembro de 1927"
490:A Revolução de 1930: historiografia e história
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153:, Washington Luís still had to deal with the
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439:and launch Getúlio Vargas for president and
141:began on 15 November 1926, after he won the
43:15 November 1926 – 24 October 1930
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1078:"Decreto Nº 24.557, de 3 de julho de 1934"
967:Rodrigues, Paulo Roberto Ambrosio (2000).
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275:1927, Washington Luís officially created
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149:. Following the troubled presidency of
403:In 1928, Brazil received a visit from
174:, thus preserving many texts from the
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1157:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 1930-03-30
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987:História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos
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212:1926 Brazilian presidential election
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1155:Acervo Digital - Folha de S.Paulo
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989:(in Portuguese): 379–381. 2007.
868:Beledeli, Marcelo (2023-08-22).
181:Washington Luís' appointment of
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16:Government of Brazil (1926–1930)
996:10.1590/S0104-59702007000100020
636:"PIB dos presidentes do Brasil"
769:Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
660:Nogueira, André (2019-10-04).
431:, and the president of Bahia,
331:for the first time in Brazil.
329:age of criminal responsibility
159:movement, with the end of the
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1831:1926 establishments in Brazil
924:legislacao.presidencia.gov.br
611:"1926-1930 | Washington Luís"
206:Presidential election of 1926
135:presidency of Washington Luís
38:Presidency of Washington Luís
1179:"Revolução de 1930: 75 anos"
1130:Fundação Biblioteca Nacional
270:Washington Luís created the
393:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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793:"Café com leite derramado"
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172:Brazil's National Archives
143:1926 presidential election
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492:. São Paulo: Brasiliense.
462:. The military ministers
193:and the beginning of the
125:Standard of the president
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1602:Emílio Garrastazu Médici
971:. São Paulo: Aduaneiras.
818:"Caixa de Estabilização"
634:Globo, Acervo-Jornal O.
272:National Defense Council
191:First Brazilian Republic
223:Joaquim de Assis Brasil
1826:Presidencies of Brazil
488:Fausto, Boris (1972).
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168:Federal Highway Police
1550:Military dictatorship
1106:www1.folha.uol.com.br
666:Aventuras na História
615:presidentes.an.gov.br
591:www1.folha.uol.com.br
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387:Under the command of
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1782:New elections held;
1508:Juscelino Kubitschek
1231:Presidents of Brazil
842:"Cédulas produzidas"
443:for vice-president.
1688:Fernando H. Cardoso
1467:Eurico Gaspar Dutra
1151:"Situação definida"
458:, and was taken to
398:Kellogg–Briand Pact
283:'s "fifth branch".
49:Vice President
1265:Prudente de Morais
1250:Deodoro da Fonseca
1082:www2.camara.leg.br
920:"Decreto nº 5.221"
874:Jornal do Comércio
765:"Decreto Nº 5.108"
721:www2.camara.leg.br
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147:Revolution of 1930
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1398:Isaías de Noronha
1368:never took office
1318:never took office
1302:Hermes da Fonseca
690:"Washington Luis"
415:Succession crisis
389:Otávio Mangabeira
372:Via Dutra Highway
176:country's history
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1767:Died in office;
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1527:Ranieri Mazzilli
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1579:(1967–1969)
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1535:(1961–1964)
1533:João Goulart
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1436:(1937–1945)
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1410:(1930–1937)
1402:Mena Barreto
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1326:(1918–1919)
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1296:Nilo Peçanha
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1289:(1906–1909)
1271:Campos Sales
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1252:(1889–1891)
1239:Old Republic
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1492:(1954–1955)
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1424:Estado Novo
1335:(1919–1922)
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1287:Afonso Pena
1283:(1902–1906)
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441:João Pessoa
391:, Brazil's
322:Legislation
256:Clevelândia
1820:Categories
1786:Impeached
1763:Resigned;
1590:posthumous
1496:Carlos Luz
1490:Café Filho
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470:References
201:Background
195:Vargas Era
55:Melo Viana
1776:self-coup
1737:2019–2023
1727:2016–2019
1712:2011–2016
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1383:(1930–37)
1353:1926–1930
1343:1922–1926
1275:1898–1902
1005:0104-5970
234:Beginning
156:tenentist
1795:Category
1404:) (1930)
307:Cruzeiro
252:Trindade
72:Election
1520:(1961)
287:Economy
279:as the
266:Defense
1598:(1969)
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1529:(1961)
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1029:AECweb
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139:Brazil
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