869:
2107:
Mujib and abducting him to West
Pakistan and banning his party, it set about massacring his supporters, with American weapons. Firing squads spread out across East Pakistan, sometimes assisted by local collaborators from Islamist groups that had been humiliated in the elections. In the countryside, where the armed resistance was strongest, the Pakistani military burned and strafed villages, killing thousands and turning many more into refugees. Hindus, who composed more than ten per cent of the population, were targeted, their un-Muslimness ascertained by a quick inspection underneath their lungis. Tens of thousands of women were raped in a campaign of terror.
1406:
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proposals. Kissinger noted that she "listened to what was, in fact, one of Nixon's better presentations with aloof indifference" but "took up none of the points." Jayakar pointed out that Gandhi listened to Nixon "without a single comment, creating an impregnable space so that no real contact was possible." She also refrained from assuring Nixon that India would follow
Pakistan's suit if it withdrew from India's borders. As a result, the main agenda was "dropped altogether."
1300:
401:
548:
1204:
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5227:
570:
360:
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84:
372:
425:
1378:. However, the dissolution of the One Unit policy did not lead to the positive results that it might have yielded if withdrawn earlier. Yahya also made an attempt to accommodate the East Pakistanis by abolishing the principle of parity, in the hope that a greater share in the assembly would redress their wounded ethnic regional pride and ensure the integrity of Pakistan. Instead of satisfying the
4320:
1616:
537:
1787:. Indian journalist Dewan Berindranath argued that Yahya turned to alcohol and womanizing when he gained power, as a coping mechanism to deal with stress, and that when he was a soldier he was known for being morally upright, abstaining from partying unlike other officers and instead preferring to spend time with his family and also practicing
1270:
991:
orders directly from the army's GHQ. This idea failed miserably in the 1965 war, and the need to have intermediate corps headquarters in between the GHQ and the fighting combat divisions was recognized as a foremost operational necessity after the 1965 war. In the 1965 war, the
Pakistan Army had only one corps headquarters (the
2069:
operation in order to terrorize the
Bengalis. Yahya's decision to put General Tikka Khan (who had earned the name of "Butcher of Baluchistan" for his earlier brutal suppression of Baluchi nationals in the 1960s) in charge of the military operation in Bangladesh was an overt signal of the regime's intention to launch a genocide.
1734:
was broadcast by West
Pakistani media, the spontaneous and overwhelming public anger over the nation's defeat by Bangladeshi rebels and the Indian Army, and over the breskup of Pakistan into two parts, boiled into street demonstrations throughout Pakistan. Rumors of an impending coup d'état by junior
1705:
to
Pakistan, offering to replenish those countries' weapons stocks later despite Congressional objections. The US used the threat of an aid cut-off to force Pakistan to back down, while its continued military aid to Islamabad prevented India from launching incursions deeper into the country. Pakistan
1337:
and approximately three-fourths Muslim (as of the 1961 Census). In addition, Yahya also inherited the challenge of transforming a country essentially ruled by one man into a democratic country, which was the ideological basis of the anti-Ayub movement of 1968–69. Once in office, Yahya Khan was tasked
2106:
The military junta—led by
General Yahya Khan, who had assumed power in 1969—was reluctant to accept the election results, and Khan postponed convening Pakistan's National Assembly... On March 25, 1971, the Pakistani Army launched a full-scale campaign, known as Operation Searchlight. After arresting
1526:
Violent disorder and chaos accompanied the
Pakistan Army's systematic and deliberate campaign of killing and raping the populace of East Pakistan. The original plan for Operation Searchlight envisioned taking control of the major cities on 26 March 1971 and then eliminating all opposition, political
1018:
series were delivered to
Pakistan in 1965–66. The first batch was displayed in the Joint Services Day Parade on 23 March 1966. The 1965 War had proved that Pakistan Army's tank-infantry ratio was lopsided and more infantry was required. Three more infantry divisions (9, 16 and 17 Divisions) largely
990:
After becoming the commander-in-chief of the army, Yahya energetically started reorganizing the
Pakistan Army in 1966. The post-1965 situation saw major organizational and technical changes in the Pakistan Army. Until 1965, it was thought that army divisions could function effectively while getting
1349:
Yahya Khan has been widely portrayed as a ruthless uncompromising insensitive and grossly inept leader.... While Yahya cannot escape responsibility for these tragic events, it is also on the record that he did not act alone.... All the major actors of the period were creatures of a historic legacy
1692:
borders. Nixon also expressed a wish to fix a time limit with Yahya for political accommodation in East Pakistan. Nixon asserted that India could count on US endeavors to ease the crisis within a short time. But, both Kissinger and Gandhi's aide Jayakar maintained, Gandhi did not respond to these
1696:
On 3 December 1971, Yahya preemptively attacked the Indian Air Force and Gandhi retaliated, pushing into East Pakistan. Nixon issued a statement blaming Pakistan for starting the conflict and blaming India for escalating it. He favored a cease-fire. The United States was secretly encouraging the
1687:
In November 1971, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi met Nixon in Washington. She assured him that she didn't want war with Pakistan, but he did not believe her. Witness accounts presented by Kissinger pointed out that Nixon made specific proposals to Prime Minister Gandhi on a solution for the
1502:
to suppress Bengali dissent and the Bengali nationalist movement. It was seen as the sequel to Operation Blitz, which had been launched in November 1970. The Pakistani government's view was that it had to launch a campaign to neutralise a rebellion in East Pakistan to save the unity of Pakistan.
1083:
and take power. On 24 March 1969, Ayub directed a letter to Yahya inviting him to deal with the crisis, as it was "beyond the capacity of government to deal with the... complex situation." Some sources claim Yahya accepted Ayub's proposal on 25 March. On 26 March 1969, General Yahya appeared on
2068:
The Pakistani government (the Yahya regime) was primarily responsible for the genocide. Not only did it prevent the Awami League and Rahman from forming the federal government, but it opted for a military solution to a constitutional crisis. In doing so, it decided to unleash a brutal military
1490:
While the political deadlock continued between the Awami League, the PPP, and the military government after the general elections in 1970, Yahya Khan began coordinating with his military strategists concerning ongoing dissent in East Pakistan. Both Yahya Khan and Bhutto flew to Dhaka and tried
930:
to modernize the Pakistan Army in 1954–57. Yahya also performed the duties of Chief of General Staff from 1958 to 1962 from where he went on to command two infantry divisions from 1962 to 1965. He played a pivotal role in sustaining the support for President Ayub Khan's campaign in the
1581:
The consequences of the war were mainly that East Pakistan became independent as Bangladesh, and that India captured approximately 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) of land previously in West Pakistan. However, the captured territory was given back to Pakistan in the
1973:
sending a handwritten letter to him, stating that "without your personal assistance the profound breakthrough in relations between the USA and the would never have been accomplished... Those who want a more peaceful world in the generations to come will be forever in your debt."
1471:
As a result, Pakistan stood politically divided. A series of bilateral talks between the PPP and Mujibur Rahman produced no results and were unable to come to an agreement regarding any transfer of power from West Pakistan's representatives to East Pakistan's, on the basis of the
1350:
and a psycho-political milieu which did not lend itself to accommodation and compromise, to bargaining and a reasoned settlement. Nurtured on conspiracy theories, they were all conditioned to act in a manner that neglected agreeable solutions and promoted violent judgments.
978:
of the Pakistan Army in March 1966 and took command on the 18th day of September when President Ayub promoted him to full General. At the age of 40, he was the youngest General of Pakistan at the time. At promotion, Yahya Khan superseded two of his seniors:
998:
Soon after the war had started, the United States had imposed an embargo on military aid to both India and Pakistan. This embargo did not affect the Indian Army but produced major changes in the Pakistan Army's technical composition. US Secretary of State
868:
1550:
study by Ziad Obermeyer, Christopher J. L. Murray, and Emmanuela Gakidou estimated that up to 269,000 civilians died as a result of the conflict; the authors note that this is far higher than a previous estimate of 58,000 put forward by
1527:
or military within one month. The prolonged Bengali resistance had not been anticipated by Pakistani planners, however. The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with the fall of the last major town in Bengali hands in mid-May.
1518:
along with members of the general public, with the goal of launching unconventional and hit-and-run operations. A government-in-exile formed across the border in India and proclaimed the independent state of Bangladesh, appointing
1674:
Nixon urged President Yahya Khan multiple times to exercise restraint. His objective was to prevent a war and safeguard Pakistan's interests, though he feared an Indian invasion of Pakistan that would lead to Indian domination of
3673:
Yahya's energies were also sapped by his hectic social routine. He was excessively fond of the bottle, and his pursuit of a string of liaisons was unblemished by concerns about public opprobrium or professional
1960:
by Pakistan. Khan is viewed largely negatively by Pakistani historians and is considered among the worst of the country's leaders. His rule is widely regarded as the leading cause of the breakup of Pakistan.
5306:
1354:
Yahya Khan attempted to solve Pakistan's constitutional and inter-provincial rivalry problems once he took over power from Ayub Khan in March 1969. His earlier initiatives were directed at establishing the
1679:
and strengthen the position of the Soviet Union. Similarly, President Yahya feared that an independent Bangladesh could lead to the disintegration of Pakistan, and said publicly in August 1971 that Indian
1078:
Rather than resigning and allowing a constitutional transfer of power, Ayub Khan requested that Yahya Khan, Commander-in-Chief of the Army, utilize the military's supra-constitutional authority to declare
778:, in the Punjab province. He joined as a head constable and retired as a deputy superintendent. He was posted in Chakwal, Punjab, British India, when Yahya Khan was born. He was rewarded with the title of
4467:
1637:, "Nixon liked very few people, but he did like General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan." Personal initiatives of President Yahya had helped to establish the communication channel between the United States and
1633:
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714:
Khan's short regime was regarded as the leading cause of the breakup of Pakistan. He is viewed negatively in both Bangladesh, being considered the chief-architect of the genocide, and in Pakistan.
5361:
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in 1947, he had already reached to the rank of major (acting lieutenant-colonel). In this year he was instrumental in not letting the Indian officers shift books from the famous library of the
1795:, eventually quoting Ayub Khan who said that "Give me half a dozen officers of the calibre and moral standards of Yahya Khan and I can show you what can Pakistan do as a great nation of the
974:
as the chief of staff of the army (at that time this appointment was the deputy to the commander-in-chief of the army) and was promoted to lieutenant general. Soon he was appointed as the
911:, where Yahya was posted as an instructor at the time of the partition of India. He renamed the 'Command and Staff College' from 'Army Staff College'. At the age of 34, he was promoted to
786:, as they were executed in secrecy and the British needed to get rid of the corpses without attracting much attention, operations Saadat Ali Khan carried out "efficiently and faithfully."
4997:
754:
Few Pakistanis knew anything about Yahya Khan when he was vaulted into the presidency two years ago. The stocky, bushy–browed Pathan had been the army chief of staff since 1966...
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617:
498:
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was dissolved, and Ayub's civilian officials were dismissed. In his first nationwide address, Yahya maintained, "I will not tolerate disorder. Let everyone remain at his post."
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equipped with Chinese equipment and popularly referred to by the rank and file as "The China Divisions" were raised by the beginning of 1968. Two more corps headquarters: the
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1957:
1536:
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2419:
Pashtuns (the community from which hailed the country's first four commanders-in-chief from Ayub Khan to Yahya Khan and Gul Hassan Khan, with the exception of Mohammad Musa)
5401:
5351:
5301:
1468:'s results reflected the ugly political reality: the Pakistani electorate was deeply polarized along regional lines, particularly between East Pakistan and West Pakistan.
1530:
The total number of people killed in East Pakistan is not known with any degree of accuracy. Bangladeshi authorities claim that 3 million people were killed, while the
4300:
1668:
1460:, was the only party to have representation from all over the country, but it failed to gain the mandate to run the government. The Awami League had 160 seats in the
4453:
5376:
5296:
1597:
The 1971 war led to increased tensions between Pakistan and India, although Pakistan recognised the independence of Bangladesh following severe pressure from the
1359:(NSC), with Major-General Ghulam Omar as its first advisor. It was formed to analyse and prepare assessments towards issues of political and national security.
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within Pakistan. India would eventually be drawn into said war, fighting on behalf of the Bangladeshis against Pakistan; the war would later extend into the
3426:
5336:
1873:. The wife of a police officer, Yahya appreciated her company not so much for her looks but mainly because she was fluent in English and could talk about
738:
family on 4 February 1917, according to the references written by Russian sources. His family descended from the elite soldier class of Iranian conqueror
4990:
1342:
question, and satisfying the frustrations and the sense of exploitation stirring in the "East Wing" (East Pakistan) by government policies since 1948.
1846:
political parties under check", mobilizing the Information Ministry for propaganda and pushing the idea that they put "Islam and Pakistan in danger."
830:
438:
5276:
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1755:
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Towards the end of his life, during and following his imprisonment, Yahya slowly abandoned drinking altogether as he "turned extremely religious."
5281:
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4179:
3750:
1421:
1196:
679:, in which around 300,000–3,000,000 Bengalis were killed, and between 200,000 to 400,000 women were raped. In December 1971, Pakistan carried out
594:
463:
151:
829:, Dehradun on 15 July 1939, his date of commission was later antedated to 28 August 1938. An infantry officer from the 4th/10th Baluch Regiment (
5421:
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5341:
5316:
5006:
4249:
4112:
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1642:
1758:'s verdict against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and instead released him, allowing him to fly to London. President Bhutto also issued orders for the
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When Yahya Khan assumed the office on 25 March, he inherited a two-decade constitutional problem of inter-provincial ethnic rivalry between
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1356:
971:
932:
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1909:. He stayed out from public events and wrote down his memoirs in the form of notes that remain unpublished. He died on 10 August 1980 in
915:, then the youngest Brigadier of Pakistan. And then he was appointed as commander of the 105th Independent Brigade that was deployed in
5321:
4910:
3645:
Yahya Khan had a life-long affair with drinking, to a point where he invariably got raucously tipsy. His affairs with women were legion.
1598:
1735:
military officers against President Yahya Khan swept the country. To forestall further unrest, on 20 December 1971, he handed over the
1405:
841:, 'Baloch' was spelled as 'Baluch' in Yahya's time), Yahya saw action during World War II in North Africa where he was captured by the
5366:
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3081:
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2802:
2714:
2442:
2382:
2355:
2218:
1534:, an official Pakistani Government investigation, put the figure as low as 26,000 civilian casualties. In her widely discredited book
1014:
tanks as the Pakistan Army's MBT (Main Battle Tank) from 1966. 80 tanks, the first batch of T-59s, a low-grade version of the Russian
975:
920:
904:
339:
3496:
5291:
4154:
4055:
3979:
2744:
2477:
1476:. West Pakistan politicians generally felt that the proposed six-point programme was a step towards East Pakistan's full secession.
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952:
688:
637:
474:
3783:
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1706:
forces in East Pakistan surrendered in Dhaka on 16 December 1971, leading to the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh.
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469:
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1714:
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1390:
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1139:
1085:
727:
652:
2690:
Dennis Kux, India and the United States: Estranged Democracies (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1992), 239.
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By 28 July 1969, President Yahya Khan had set a framework for elections that were to be held in December 1970, with Judge
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1245:
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spread to East Pakistan and gathered strength, adding to a tense political climate that had worsened following President
1003:
well summed it up when he said, "Well if you are going to fight, go ahead and fight, but we're not going to pay for it".
4268:
2119:
1881:, among his favourite poets, and she eventually became influential enough to shape the decisions of the foreign office.
1229:
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1155:
958:
During these years, Yahya was also tasked in civil and administrative matters, including being the Administrator of the
5311:
4786:
1835:
1649:
1382:, it intensified their vocalness for separatism, causing a further rise in anti-West Wing sentiment in the East Wing.
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959:
620:
and was promoted to major (acting lieutenant-colonel). Following the creation of Pakistan in 1947, he advanced in the
3803:
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4918:
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3301:"Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme"
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1032:
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684:
522:
505:
636:. After being controversially appointed to assume the army command in 1966, Khan succeeded to the presidency from
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801:
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party, hailed Yahya as "the champion of Islam", as there was a general view among Islamists that he would fight
5022:
4700:
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The promotion was all the more remarkable given that Yahya was a Shia in the predominantly Sunni officer corps.
2332:
The promotion was all the more remarkable given that Yahya was a Shia in the predominantly Sunni officer corps.
2208:
1831:
1827:
1689:
1417:
1147:
926:
Later Yahya Khan, as Vice Chief of General Staff, was selected to head of the army's planning board set up by
602:
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2704:
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of Yahya, the man who imprisoned Mujib in the first place. Both actions made news headlines around the world.
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As a result of Operation Searchlight, agitation turned into full-scale civil war as Bengali members of the
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1989:
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1751:. Yahya became the highest-ranking official in what remained of Pakistan to be forced out due to the war.
1748:
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said between 50,000 and 100,000 combatants and civilians were killed by both sides during the war. A 2008
1445:
1093:
1068:
775:
680:
31:
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The United States had been a major sponsor of President Yahya's military government. American journalist
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and returned the provinces of West Pakistan to their pre-1955 configuration. The decree had no effect on
845:
in June 1942 and interned in a prisoner of war camp in Italy from where he escaped in the third attempt.
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In the United States, he has been appreciated for facilitating the American opening to China, President
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589:(4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980) was a Pakistani army officer, who served as the third
96:
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Sanaullah, M. (1962). "Second and Third Release from the Second Population Census of Pakistan, 1961".
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crisis, some of which she heard for the first time, including a mutual withdrawal of troops from the
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196:
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1861:, nicknamed General Rani, but they never married. His name was linked with the singer and actress
1779:, but was non-practising and was known to have indulged in activities prohibited in Islam such as
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A burly, double chinned, bushy-browed slothful Yahya Khan was, like Ayub Khan, an ethnic Pashtun.
1984:
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695:. After the surrender, Khan resigned from the military command and transferred the presidency to
510:
428:
43:
4109:
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1570:, but President Yahya put the verdict into abeyance. Yahya's crackdown, however, had led to the
2546:
1067:. Ayub Khan tried to quell the revolt by making concessions to opposition groups including the
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The Breaking of Pakistan: Yahya Speaks about the Bhutto-Mujib Interaction which Broke Pakistan
1946:
1939:
1723:
1681:
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563:
59:
51:
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1464:, all won from East Pakistan; the socialist PPP had 81, and the conservative PML had 10. The
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Massacre: The tragedy at Bangla Desh and the phenomenon of mass slaughter throughout history
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1914:
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268:
63:
55:
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to preside over a special tribunal dealing with Mujib's case. Rahimuddin gave Mujib the
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2179:"General Yahya Khan | Former Army Chief of Pakistan enforcing Martial Law in 1969"
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Since 1960, Pakistan was perceived in the United States as an integral bulwark against
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negotiations one more time in mid-March 1971, but they ultimately yielded no results.
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1970:
1858:
1659:. The United States cautiously supported Pakistan during the 1971 conflict, although
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1371:
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1209:
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984:
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896:
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2666:"Army's top slot: the seniority factor (scroll down to read this section and title)"
83:
17:
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Jayakar, Indira Gandhi, p. 232; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 878 & 881–82.
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783:
493:
3196:"It's not the arithmetic of genocide that's important. It's that we pay attention"
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A sustained anti-regime mass movement began in the fall of 1968 in West Pakistan.
424:
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throughout the entirety of the country. The 1962 constitution was abrogated, the
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with leading the country, drafting of a provisional constitution, resolving the
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359:
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699:. Khan remained under house surveillance prior to 1979 when he was released by
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General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan: The Rise & Fall of a Soldier, 1947-1971
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2094:
4806:
4637:
4410:
4334:
3891:
2937:
2825:. Translated by Schoch, Cynthia. Oxford University Press. pp. 320–321.
1906:
1652:
1000:
912:
808:, from where he graduated with a B.A. degree, finishing first in his class.
735:
700:
131:
3334:
860:, Italy and North Africa. He was a POW in Italy before returning to India.
536:
4735:
4278:
2178:
1811:
1656:
1559:
1379:
1322:
1263:
790:
747:
708:
400:
376:
371:
319:
279:
2954:
2736:
War and secession : Pakistan, India, and the creation of Bangladesh
1754:
Within hours of Yahya Khan stepping down, President Bhutto reversed the
683:
against the Bengali-allied Indian Army, culminating in the start of the
3074:
Judging the state : courts and constitutional politics in Pakistan
1015:
723:
240:
3271:
Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century
2857:(4). Washington D.C.: Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. 1969.
2434:
The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan
1269:
3316:
3131:"Anatomy of Violence: Analysis of Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971"
1702:
1698:
1684:
for Bengali guerrillas could lead to war between India and Pakistan.
1523:
as its head despite him being in a West Pakistan prison at the time.
908:
805:
3940:
3886:
3857:
2289:
2233:
Democracy, security, and development in India. By Raju G. C. Thomas.
2210:
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World a Historical Encyclopedia
2146:"House Resolution1430 - Recognizing the Bangladesh Genocide of 1971"
1826:
in what was East Pakistan and now Bangladesh) and also push for the
1006:
Pakistan now turned to China for military aid, and the Chinese tank
774:(published in 1974), Yahya's father, Saadat Ali Khan, worked in the
3376:
3661:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 26.
3599:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 24.
2320:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 24.
1747:, the ambitious leader of the (at that time) powerful and popular
1713:
1614:
1452:
in four provinces of West Pakistan but none in East Pakistan. The
1404:
1389:
1042:
867:
782:
for having removed the bodies of many freedom fighters, including
3076:(1st paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1558:
General Yahya Khan arrested Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on charges of
857:
4979:
4750:
4449:
4282:
4132:
Henry Kissinger and PM China discussed Yahya Khan and 1971 loss
2120:"The Past has yet to Leave the Present: Genocide in Bangladesh"
2050:
Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S.; Charny, Israel W. (2004).
1917:
and was interred at Circle road graveyard, Peshawar, Pakistan.
1317:, which was almost exclusively Muslim and was dominated by the
4071:
The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide
3997:
The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies
3016:
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency
1889:
Yahya and his wife had a son, Ali Yahya Khan, and a daughter.
1634:
The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide
3108:
The National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 79
3067:
3065:
970:
After the '65 war, Maj. Gen. Yahya Khan was appointed in the
675:
in March 1971. Yahya Khan was central to the perpetration of
3784:"Lest We Forget: Yahya Khan Was Busy Partying As Dhaka Fell"
2276:
Yahya Khan: president of Pakistan on Encyclopedia Britannica
2053:
Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts
1834:. More generally, Yahya used the intelligence services (the
872:
Lt. Col. Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan presents the crest of the
2786:
2784:
1345:
The American political scientist Lawrence Ziring observed:
962:
Project, "the job for major execution" being given to him.
655:
in 1970, he blocked the power transition to the victorious
2767:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 52.
2306:
Family house of Yahya Khan (May 2014) The Express Tribune
1027:
Headquarters (Ravi-Sutlej Corridor) were raised, also in
770:
According to Indian journalist Dewan Barindranath's book
5307:
Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College
4030:"Crush India"--Gen. Yahya Khan Or, Pakistan's Death Wish
3012:"The Evolution of National Security Council in Pakistan"
837:, later amalgamated with the modern and current form of
689:
surrender of the Pakistani armed forces in East Pakistan
4021:
Yahya Khan's "Final War": India Meets Pakistan's Threat
3104:"The Tilt: The U.S. and the South Asian Crisis of 1971"
3971:
1971: The Global History of Creation of the Bangladesh
3804:"Yahya Khan Was Busy Having a Good Time as Dhaka Fell"
3256:, pp. 350–351 reviews the various estimates here
3097:
3095:
3093:
2823:
The Pakistan paradox : instability and resilience
2698:
2696:
2374:
India and Pakistan: Continued Conflict or Cooperation?
1432:
were held all over the country. In East Pakistan, the
2870:
Prepare or perish : a study of national security
2794:
Emergency powers and the courts in India and Pakistan
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
5327:
Military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
3659:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
3597:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
2318:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
947:
of the Pakistan Army, which he commanded during the
5362:
Causes and prelude of the Bangladesh Liberation War
4957:
4909:
4839:
4785:
4709:
4652:
4619:
4596:
4555:
4530:
4483:
2592:"A chapter from history: Yahya Khan's quick action"
1537:
Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War
1398:visiting East Pakistan on 20 November 1970 for the
531:
486:
457:
434:
419:
411:
383:
353:
348:
325:
311:
299:
286:
275:
254:
223:
218:
202:
190:
180:
168:
149:
137:
125:
113:
94:
41:
3472:
3167:"Bangladesh war: The article that changed history"
2739:. University of California Press. pp. 21–22.
2501:
1619:President Yahya Khan with United States President
2967:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2623:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. pp. 22–24.
1901:until 1979, when he was released from custody by
1865:as well. He also had a brief relationship with a
1103:featured several active duty military officials:
1031:a corps-sized formation (which was titled as the
3497:"World: Pakistan: The Ravaging of Golden Bengal"
2847:"Martial Law Proclaimed, President Ayub Resigns"
2404:The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience
2202:
2200:
3377:"A leaf from history: Simla Agreement, at last"
3224:. Dhaka: University Press. pp. 63, 228–9.
3110:. The National Security Archive (United States)
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
1347:
752:
601:, he was considered the chief architect of the
3189:
3187:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
2377:. University of California Press. p. 35.
1869:woman called Shamim K. Hussain, also known as
1857:Yahya is said to have had a relationship with
1440:, held almost all seats but no seat in any of
1362:In 1969, President Yahya also promulgated the
4991:
4762:
4461:
4294:
3471:. 17 January 1972. p. 17. Archived from
2984:Pakistan: The Enigma of Political Development
2534:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. p. 20.
2407:. Oxford University Press. pp. 226–227.
2304:Past glory: Crumbling heritage in Walled City
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
164:18 September 1966 – 20 December 1971
8:
3689:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. pp. 24–25.
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
1023:Headquarters (Jhelum-Ravi Corridor) and the
5427:People from Punjab Province (British India)
5397:World War II prisoners of war held by Italy
3244:Pakistan Defence Journal, 1977, Vol 2, p2-3
2659:
2657:
2500:. 2 August 1971. p. 32. Archived from
2350:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 248.
1409:President Yahya Khan casts his vote in the
5372:Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
5357:Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
4998:
4984:
4976:
4769:
4755:
4747:
4468:
4454:
4446:
4301:
4287:
4279:
4136:
3299:Obermeyer, Ziad; et al. (June 2008).
2026:
2004:, Lahore: Liberty Publishers, 1997, 184 p.
1697:shipment of military equipment from Iran,
1555:and the Peace Research Institute in Oslo.
1333:, whose population was largely ethnically
1105:
951:and in the same war he also commanded the
82:
73:
38:
5402:Pakistan Command and Staff College alumni
5352:Generals of the Bangladesh Liberation War
5302:Indian military personnel of World War II
4110:Official profile at Pakistan Army website
3914:"Gen. Yahya Khan, 63; Ex-Pakistani Ruler"
3831:"Gen. Yahya Khan, 63; Ex-Pakistani Ruler"
3736:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. p. 121.
3427:"Personal Prejudice Makes Foreign Policy"
3324:
2936:
852:as a lieutenant and later captain in the
593:from 1969 to 1971. He also served as the
109:25 March 1969 – 20 December 1971
3820:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. p. 63.
3350:"When Pakistan put Bangabandhu on trial"
3054:From disunion through the Zia al-Huq era
3005:
3003:
2553:. Vol. 3. Routledge. p. 1745.
1562:and appointed Brigadier (later General)
3429:. Asiaticsociety.org.bd. Archived from
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2042:
2014:
595:Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army
152:Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army
27:President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971
4477:Martial Law Administrators of Pakistan
3751:"The fascinating tale of General Rani"
3160:
3158:
2960:
2056:. Psychology Press. pp. 295–303.
1671:with the Soviet Union in August 1971.
800:in Dehradun and later enrolled at the
628:of 1965, Khan helped in executing the
5377:1971 Bangladesh genocide perpetrators
5297:Indian Army personnel of World War II
3939:Cowasjee, Ardeshir (27 August 2000).
3885:Cowasjee, Ardeshir (27 August 2020).
3856:Cowasjee, Ardeshir (27 August 2000).
3582:
3570:
3558:
3546:
3525:
3451:
2797:. England: Kluwer Law International.
2523:
2521:
1075:(AL), but demonstrations continued.
821:Yahya Khan was commissioned into the
722:Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan was born in
651:in 1969. Holding the country's first
7:
3718:Singh, Ravi Shekhar Narayan (2008).
3401:
3348:Ahsan, Syed Badrul (8 August 2019).
3253:
2551:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
2207:Mikaberidze, Alexander, ed. (2011).
2081:Mishra, Pankaj (16 September 2013).
1718:Yahya Khan is handing over power to
1641:, which would be used to set up the
5407:Prisoners and detainees of Pakistan
2025:
1802:During his rule from 1969 to 1971,
1663:kept an arms embargo in place. The
1599:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
983:Altaf Qadir and Lieutenant-General
817:Career before Pakistan's separation
789:Yahya's father was originally from
5337:Commanders-in-Chief, Pakistan Army
3941:"General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan"
3887:"General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan"
3858:"General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan"
3782:Naveed, Ahmed (14 December 2021).
3102:Gandhi, Sajit (16 December 2002).
2709:. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
1494:On 25 March 1971, Yahya initiated
703:. Khan died the following year in
25:
3722:. Lancer Publishers. p. 230.
3628:"The rise and fall of Yahya Khan"
3283:Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report
3165:Mark Dummett (16 December 2011).
2213:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIOm 2011.
796:Yahya studied in the prestigious
5225:
4830:
4485:Chief Martial Law Administrators
4424:
4318:
4048:Richard M. Nixon: A Life in Full
3414:Kissinger's Secret Trip to China
3129:Bose, Sarmila (8 October 2005).
2590:Shaikh Aziz (25 December 2011).
2290:General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan
1611:Pakistan–United States relations
1444:of West Pakistan. The socialist
1298:
1268:
1250:
1202:
1165:
1063:and sacking of Foreign Minister
1047:President Yahya Khan, circa 1971
643:Yahya Khan's presidency oversaw
568:
557:
546:
535:
423:
399:
388:
370:
358:
5277:University of the Punjab alumni
5257:Anti-Hindu violence in Pakistan
4231:Chief Martial Law Administrator
3720:The Military Factor in Pakistan
3503:. 2 August 1971. Archived from
2925:The Pakistan Development Review
2549:. In Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.).
1498:, a genocidal crackdown by the
1426:Election Commission of Pakistan
1140:Chief Martial Law Administrator
691:, and East Pakistan seceded as
608:Khan was commissioned into the
5282:Indian Military Academy alumni
4089:Siddiqui, Brig. A. R. (2020).
4001:Johns Hopkins University Press
3699:Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2020).
2941:(inactive 12 September 2024).
2706:Pakistan from Jinnah to Sharif
2664:A.R. Siddiqi (25 April 2004).
1586:signed on 2 July 1972 between
1059:'s implementation of the 1966
798:Colonel Brown Cambridge School
663:. In March 1971, Khan ordered
640:, who resigned in March 1969.
597:from 1966 to 1971. Along with
316:Colonel Brown Cambridge School
30:For the Afghan cricketer, see
1:
5422:10th Baluch Regiment officers
5347:Defence ministers of Pakistan
5342:Foreign ministers of Pakistan
5317:20th-century Pakistani people
5007:Foreign ministers of Pakistan
4074:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
4032:. Indian School Supply Depot.
3383:. Pakistan. 23 September 2012
3136:Economic and Political Weekly
2902:"Pakistan's Smallest Cabinet"
2437:. Nation Books. p. 183.
2302:Hidayat Khan, Muhammad Iqbal
1818:elements of the country (the
1756:Judge Advocate General Branch
1726:is watching, 20 December 1971
854:4th Infantry Division (India)
5287:British Indian Army officers
5272:People from Chakwal District
4037:Berindranath, Dewan (1974).
3974:. Harvard University Press.
3816:Berindranath, Dewan (2006).
3732:Berindranath, Dewan (2006).
3701:Islam in Pakistan: A History
3685:Berindranath, Dewan (2006).
2900:Dr. GN. Kazi (21 May 2008).
2617:Berindranath, Dewan (2006).
2528:Berindranath, Dewan (2006).
2124:Harvard International Review
1806:, a prominent leader of the
1730:When the news of Pakistan's
1144:Information and Broadcasting
746:. He and his family were of
4777:Chiefs of the Staff of the
4250:Minister of Foreign Affairs
4180:C-in-C of the Pakistan Army
4050:. New York: PublicAffairs.
2765:Between Mosque and Military
2347:South Asia: A Short History
1422:Chief Election Commissioner
1366:, which disestablished the
1364:Legal Framework Order, 1970
933:1965 presidential elections
901:Pakistan Army Staff College
864:After the birth of Pakistan
687:. The wars resulted in the
634:Indian-administered Kashmir
5443:
5322:Pakistani military leaders
4630:Khwaja Mohammad Azhar Khan
4438:indicate acting Presidents
4039:Private Life of Yahya Khan
3968:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
3818:Private Life of Yahya Khan
3734:Private Life of Yahya Khan
3705:Princeton University Press
3687:Private Life of Yahya Khan
3657:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
3595:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
3072:Newberg, Paula R. (2002).
2872:. New Delhi: Lancer Publ.
2635:"Khan, Aga Mohammad Yahya"
2620:Private Life of Yahya Khan
2547:"Yahya Khan, Aga Muhammad"
2531:Private Life of Yahya Khan
2316:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
1608:
1576:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
1532:Hamoodur Rahman Commission
1483:
1119:Ministries and departments
1107:Yahya Khan administration
816:
772:Private Life of Yahya Khan
612:in 1939. He fought in the
523:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
506:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
29:
5367:Pakistani anti-communists
5223:
5013:
4828:
4433:
4422:
4325:
4316:
4266:
4258:
4247:
4239:
4228:
4218:
4209:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4152:
4144:
4139:
4122:YAHYA KHAN AND BANGLADESH
2982:Ziring, Lawrence (1980).
2868:KrishnaRao, K.V. (1991).
2494:"Good Soldier Yahya Khan"
2183:Story of Pakistan website
1956:but then stripped of his
1822:in West Pakistan and the
1572:Bangladesh Liberation War
1394:Gen. Yahya Khan and Gen.
1357:National Security Council
1088:and announced a state of
1010:started replacing the US
905:Command and Staff College
895:, he decided to join the
673:Bangladesh Liberation War
667:in an effort to suppress
626:Second India–Pakistan War
580:
479:105th Independent Brigade
214:
157:
102:
90:
81:
70:
5292:Baloch Regiment officers
4911:Vice Chief of Army Staff
4019:Mukerjee, Dilip (1972).
3194:Ian Jack (21 May 2011).
3059:. Retrieved 22 July 2020
2371:Wolper, Stanley (2010).
1982:In the 2023 Indian film
802:University of the Punjab
718:Early life and education
685:Third India–Pakistan War
603:1971 Bangladesh genocide
587:Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan
228:Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan
71:
5417:Politicide perpetrators
5392:Indian prisoners of war
5382:Pakistani war criminals
5199:Abdullah Hussain Haroon
4095:Oxford University Press
4028:Bhargava, G.S. (1972).
3305:British Medical Journal
3057:Encyclopædia Britannica
2986:. Dawson. p. 104.
2938:10.30541/v2i1pp.106-113
2733:; Rose, Leo E. (1990).
2545:Kassim, Husain (2006).
1988:, Khan is portrayed by
1930:Yahya Khan was awarded
1820:Pakistan People's Party
1783:and the consumption of
1547:British Medical Journal
827:Indian Military Academy
335:Indian Military Academy
5412:Pakistani Shia Muslims
5387:People of the Cold War
5332:Presidents of Pakistan
5210:Bilawal Bhutto Zardari
5154:Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
4710:West Pakistan (former)
4653:East Pakistan (former)
4310:Presidents of Pakistan
4155:Chief of General Staff
4127:Chronicles Of Pakistan
4046:Black, Conrad (2007).
4041:. Sterling Publishers.
3220:Salik, Siddiq (1997).
2278:Retrieved 22 July 2020
2150:United States Congress
1990:Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub
1905:administrator General
1727:
1665:economically-socialist
1624:
1514:mutinied, forming the
1454:Pakistan Muslim League
1446:Pakistan Peoples Party
1413:
1402:
1352:
1293:Science and Technology
1069:Pakistan Peoples Party
1048:
1039:Presidency (1969–1971)
953:12th Infantry Division
888:
776:Indian Imperial Police
768:
475:12th Infantry Division
32:Yahya Khan (cricketer)
5188:Khawaja Muhammad Asif
5033:Hamidul Huq Choudhury
4212:President of Pakistan
4148:Sher Ali Khan Pataudi
2819:Jaffrelot, Christophe
2791:Omar, Imtiaz (2002).
2399:Jaffrelot, Christophe
2344:Tinker, Hugh (1990).
1897:Yahya remained under
1810:, the country's main
1717:
1667:India entered into a
1618:
1521:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1508:Pakistan Armed Forces
1500:Pakistan Armed Forces
1496:Operation Searchlight
1438:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1428:. On 7 December, the
1408:
1393:
1386:1970 general election
1046:
945:7th Infantry Division
881:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
871:
848:Yahya Khan served in
665:Operation Searchlight
657:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
618:Mediterranean theatre
591:president of Pakistan
499:Mediterranean Theatre
470:7th Infantry Division
464:C-in-C, Pakistan Army
412:Years of service
340:Staff College, Quetta
295:Pakistani (1947–1980)
97:President of Pakistan
5267:People from Peshawar
5205:Shah Mahmood Qureshi
5193:Khurram Dastgir Khan
5177:Mir Hazar Khan Khoso
5166:Shah Mahmood Qureshi
5133:Sahabzada Yaqub Khan
5098:Sahabzada Yaqub Khan
5088:Sahabzada Yaqub Khan
4841:Chiefs of Army Staff
3995:Kux, Dennis (2001).
3465:"The Kissinger Tilt"
3222:Witness to surrender
2703:Akbar, M.K. (1997).
2470:Macmillan Publishers
2431:Hiro, Dilip (2015).
1965:In the United States
1804:Mian Tufail Mohammad
919:ceasefire region in
835:10th Baluch Regiment
447:11th Baloch Regiment
443:10th Baluch Regiment
18:President Yahya Khan
5073:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
5063:Mian Arshad Hussain
5058:Sharifuddin Pirzada
5048:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
4511:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
4505:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
4269:Minister of Defence
4243:Mian Arshad Hussain
4222:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
4115:23 May 2013 at the
3806:. 18 December 2019.
3311:(7659): 1482–1486.
1785:alcoholic beverages
1775:He was nominally a
1745:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
1720:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
1592:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
1486:Bangladesh genocide
1474:six-point programme
1234:Planning Commission
1218:Syed Mohammad Ahsan
1108:
1101:military government
1086:national television
1065:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
949:1965 war with India
887:watches, March 1950
823:British Indian Army
742:. Yahya Khan spoke
697:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
681:pre-emptive strikes
677:Bangladesh genocide
669:Bengali nationalism
630:covert infiltration
610:British Indian Army
395:British Indian Army
144:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
5312:Pakistani generals
5216:Jalil Abbas Jilani
5053:Mohammad Ali Bogra
5028:Mohammad Ali Bogra
4787:Commander-in-Chief
4620:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4588:Abdul Qadir Baloch
4548:Ghulam Jilani Khan
4197:Political offices
4164:Malik Sher Bahadur
3918:The New York Times
3835:The New York Times
3633:The Daily Observer
3624:Badrul Ahsan, Syed
3528:, pp. 751–752
3477:on 6 November 2012
2287:Cowasjee, Areshir
2083:"Unholy Alliances"
2027:آغا محمد یحیٰی خان
1978:In popular culture
1728:
1690:Indo-East Pakistan
1625:
1553:Uppsala University
1448:(PPP) had won the
1414:
1403:
1306:Pakistan Air Force
1130:General Yahya Khan
1106:
1061:Tashkent Agreement
1049:
981:Lieutenant-General
976:commander-in-chief
893:partition of India
889:
883:as Prime Minister
707:and was buried in
671:. This led to the
647:by suspending the
518:Pakistan Civil War
511:Battle of Chawinda
5234:
5233:
5171:Hina Rabbani Khar
5127:Aseff Ahmad Daula
5110:Siddiq Khan Kanju
4973:
4972:
4744:
4743:
4523:
4443:
4442:
4360:Ghulam Ishaq Khan
4277:
4276:
4262:Afzal Rahman Khan
4219:Succeeded by
4187:Succeeded by
4162:Succeeded by
4140:Military offices
4081:978-0-307-70020-9
4023:. Times of India.
3749:(28 March 2014).
3747:Nadeem F. Paracha
3668:978-0-674-72864-6
3626:(15 March 2016).
3606:978-0-674-72864-6
3231:978-984-05-1373-4
2993:978-0-7129-0954-9
2832:978-0-19023-518-5
2774:978-0-670-08856-0
2560:978-0-415-97664-0
2414:978-0-19023-518-5
2327:978-0-674-72864-6
2185:. 26 October 2013
2126:. 1 February 2023
2063:978-0-415-94430-4
1724:Ghulam Ishaq Khan
1466:general elections
1462:National Assembly
1450:exclusive mandate
1430:general elections
1311:
1310:
1099:Yahya Khan's new
960:Islamabad Capital
921:Jammu and Kashmir
584:
583:
564:Sitara-e-Pakistan
16:(Redirected from
5434:
5229:
5228:
5018:Liaquat Ali Khan
5000:
4993:
4986:
4977:
4834:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4748:
4519:
4517:Pervez Musharraf
4470:
4463:
4456:
4447:
4428:
4322:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4280:
4259:Preceded by
4240:Preceded by
4202:Preceded by
4170:Preceded by
4145:Preceded by
4137:
4098:
4085:
4061:
4042:
4033:
4024:
4005:
4004:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3920:. 10 August 1980
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3837:. 10 August 1980
3827:
3821:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3789:The Friday Times
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3759:. Archived from
3756:The Friday Times
3743:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3507:on 11 March 2007
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3422:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3317:10.1136/bmj.a137
3296:
3290:
3280:
3274:
3268:White, Matthew,
3266:
3260:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3139:. Archived from
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2958:
2940:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2897:
2884:
2883:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2851:Pakistan Affairs
2843:
2837:
2836:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2700:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2587:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2175:
2154:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2047:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2019:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1682:military support
1677:the subcontinent
1396:Abdul Hamid Khan
1370:that had formed
1304:
1302:
1301:
1272:
1254:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1181:Abdul Hamid Khan
1171:
1169:
1168:
1109:
885:Liaquat Ali Khan
812:Military service
766:
653:general election
614:Second World War
575:Order of Pahlavi
572:
561:
553:Hilal-e-Pakistan
550:
539:
427:
404:
403:
393:
392:
375:
374:
363:
362:
349:Military service
261:
237:
235:
219:Personal details
205:
193:
183:
162:
140:
128:
116:
107:
86:
76:
75:
39:
21:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5221:
5139:Gohar Ayub Khan
5038:Feroz Khan Noon
5023:Zafarullah Khan
5009:
5004:
4974:
4969:
4953:
4905:
4843:
4835:
4826:
4789:
4781:
4775:
4745:
4740:
4705:
4648:
4615:
4592:
4575:F.S. Khan Lodhi
4568:Rahimuddin Khan
4551:
4526:
4479:
4474:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4420:
4323:
4312:
4307:
4272:
4264:
4253:
4245:
4234:
4224:
4215:
4207:
4192:
4190:Gul Hassan Khan
4183:
4175:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4117:Wayback Machine
4106:
4101:
4088:
4082:
4064:
4058:
4045:
4036:
4027:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4008:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3815:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3684:
3680:
3669:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3638:
3636:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3263:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3143:on 1 March 2007
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3084:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3052:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2959:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2887:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2761:Haqqani, Husain
2759:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2731:Sisson, Richard
2729:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2506:on 8 April 2008
2492:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2297:
2293:(Aug 2000) DAWN
2286:
2282:
2274:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2157:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2099:
2097:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2064:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2020:
2016:
2011:
1998:
1980:
1967:
1958:service honours
1951:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1895:
1887:
1855:
1808:Jamaat-e-Islami
1793:fast of Ramadan
1789:Islamic rituals
1773:
1768:
1712:
1710:Fall from power
1669:formal alliance
1623:in October 1970
1613:
1607:
1584:Simla Agreement
1564:Rahimuddin Khan
1488:
1482:
1388:
1368:One Unit Scheme
1299:
1297:
1287:
1279:
1236:
1228:
1203:
1201:
1197:Kashmir Affairs
1191:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1041:
1035:) was created.
1033:Eastern Command
968:
874:Baloch Regiment
866:
856:. He served in
839:Baloch Regiment
819:
814:
767:
765:, 2 August 1971
758:
720:
567:
566:
556:
555:
545:
544:
527:
482:
398:
397:
387:
369:
368:
357:
344:
300:Political party
294:
263:
259:
239:
238:4 February 1917
233:
231:
230:
229:
203:
191:
181:
173:
163:
158:
138:
126:
114:
108:
103:
77:
72:
66:
49:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5440:
5438:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5262:Pashtun people
5259:
5254:
5249:
5239:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5129:
5124:
5122:Farooq Leghari
5119:
5112:
5107:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4980:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4844:(1972-present)
4837:
4836:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4783:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4751:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4720:Attiqur Rahman
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4701:A.A. Khan Nazi
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4665:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4645:Jahan Dad Khan
4640:
4632:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4561:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4543:
4541:Attiqur Rahman
4534:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4513:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4374:
4369:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4217:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4185:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4105:
4104:External links
4102:
4100:
4099:
4086:
4080:
4062:
4056:
4043:
4034:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4003:. p. 195.
3987:
3980:
3960:
3931:
3905:
3877:
3848:
3822:
3809:
3795:
3774:
3763:on 29 May 2021
3738:
3725:
3710:
3707:. p. 158.
3691:
3678:
3667:
3649:
3615:
3605:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3530:
3518:
3488:
3456:
3444:
3433:on 6 July 2011
3425:Mosleh Uddin.
3417:
3406:
3394:
3368:
3340:
3291:
3289:, paragraph 33
3275:
3261:
3246:
3237:
3230:
3212:
3183:
3154:
3121:
3089:
3083:978-0521894401
3082:
3061:
3029:
2999:
2992:
2974:
2931:(1): 106–113.
2915:
2904:. Dr. GN. Kazi
2885:
2879:978-8172120016
2878:
2860:
2838:
2831:
2810:
2804:978-9041117755
2803:
2780:
2773:
2752:
2745:
2722:
2716:978-8170996743
2715:
2692:
2683:
2653:
2626:
2609:
2573:
2559:
2537:
2517:
2485:
2478:
2472:. p. 13.
2453:
2444:978-1568585031
2443:
2423:
2413:
2390:
2384:978-0520948006
2383:
2363:
2357:978-0824812874
2356:
2336:
2326:
2308:
2295:
2280:
2235:
2226:
2220:978-1598843378
2219:
2196:
2155:
2137:
2111:
2087:The New Yorker
2073:
2062:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1979:
1976:
1966:
1963:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1854:
1851:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1749:People's Party
1711:
1708:
1606:
1603:
1568:death sentence
1481:
1480:Bangladesh War
1478:
1456:(PML), led by
1442:four provinces
1387:
1384:
1309:
1308:
1295:
1281:Communications
1273:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1222:
1220:
1213:
1212:
1199:
1185:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1162:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1124:Inter-services
1121:
1116:
1113:
1071:(PPP) and the
1040:
1037:
967:
964:
939:. He was made
923:in 1951–1952.
865:
862:
818:
815:
813:
810:
756:
719:
716:
582:
581:
578:
577:
533:
529:
528:
526:
525:
520:
515:
514:
513:
503:
502:
501:
490:
488:
484:
483:
481:
480:
477:
472:
461:
459:
455:
454:
436:
432:
431:
421:
417:
416:
413:
409:
408:
385:
384:Branch/service
381:
380:
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
343:
342:
337:
331:
329:
323:
322:
313:
309:
308:
301:
297:
296:
291:British Indian
288:
284:
283:
277:
273:
272:
262:(aged 63)
258:10 August 1980
256:
252:
251:
227:
225:
221:
220:
216:
215:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
184:
182:Prime Minister
178:
177:
170:
166:
165:
155:
154:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
117:
115:Prime Minister
111:
110:
100:
99:
92:
91:
88:
87:
79:
78:
68:
67:
50:
47:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5439:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4996:
4994:
4989:
4987:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4833:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4779:Pakistan Army
4772:
4767:
4765:
4760:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4670:Muzaffaruddin
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4174:
4173:Muhammad Musa
4168:
4157:
4156:
4149:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4066:Bass, Gary J.
4063:
4059:
4057:9781586486747
4053:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4002:
3998:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3981:9780674731271
3977:
3973:
3972:
3964:
3961:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3881:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3852:
3849:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3775:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3588:
3585:, p. 757
3584:
3579:
3576:
3573:, p. 756
3572:
3567:
3564:
3561:, p. 755
3560:
3555:
3552:
3549:, p. 753
3548:
3543:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3454:, p. 751
3453:
3448:
3445:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3355:Dhaka Tribune
3351:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2903:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2748:
2746:0-520-07665-6
2742:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2610:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2479:9780025952409
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2462:Payne, Robert
2457:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2043:
2036:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:Richard Nixon
1964:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:Akleem Akhtar
1853:Relationships
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1797:Islamic world
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:Personal life
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1621:Richard Nixon
1617:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:Indira Gandhi
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:appointed as
1419:
1412:
1411:1970 election
1407:
1401:
1400:Bhola cyclone
1397:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:East Pakistan
1373:
1372:West Pakistan
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1331:East Pakistan
1329:peoples, and
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:West Pakistan
1307:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:Pakistan Navy
1253:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1216:Vice-Admiral
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:Pakistan Army
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:Pakistan Army
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:East Pakistan
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
996:
994:
988:
986:
985:Bakhtiar Rana
982:
977:
973:
972:GHQ, Pakistan
965:
963:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:Fatima Jinnah
934:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:Pakistan Army
894:
886:
882:
879:
875:
870:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:4th Battalion
828:
824:
811:
809:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
787:
785:
784:Bhaghat Singh
781:
777:
773:
764:
763:
755:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:British India
729:
725:
717:
715:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:East Pakistan
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
624:. During the
623:
622:Pakistan Army
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
579:
576:
571:
565:
560:
554:
549:
543:
542:Hilal-e-Jurat
538:
534:
530:
524:
521:
519:
516:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
489:
485:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:4th Battalion
437:
433:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
406:Pakistan Army
402:
396:
391:
386:
382:
378:
373:
366:
365:British India
361:
356:
352:
347:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
330:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
292:
289:
285:
281:
278:
276:Resting place
274:
270:
266:
257:
253:
250:
249:British India
246:
242:
226:
222:
217:
213:
210:
207:
201:
198:
197:Muhammad Musa
195:
189:
185:
179:
176:
171:
167:
161:
156:
153:
148:
145:
142:
136:
133:
130:
124:
121:
118:
112:
106:
101:
98:
93:
89:
85:
80:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5214:
5197:
5183:Nawaz Sharif
5175:
5158:
5149:Abdul Sattar
5131:
5116:Abdul Sattar
5114:
5102:
5092:
5067:
5043:Manzur Qadir
4965:Malacca Cane
4816:
4520:
4499:
4435:
4393:
4376:
4364:
4339:
4267:
4248:
4229:
4210:
4178:
4153:
4090:
4070:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4012:Bibliography
3996:
3990:
3970:
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3944:
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3917:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3890:
3880:
3868:. Retrieved
3861:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3834:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3798:
3787:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3761:the original
3754:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3719:
3713:
3700:
3694:
3686:
3681:
3672:
3658:
3652:
3644:
3637:. Retrieved
3631:
3618:
3610:
3596:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3533:
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3505:the original
3500:
3491:
3481:30 September
3479:. Retrieved
3474:the original
3468:
3459:
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3431:the original
3420:
3409:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3380:
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3353:
3343:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3278:
3269:
3264:
3249:
3240:
3221:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3200:The Guardian
3199:
3174:. Retrieved
3170:
3145:. Retrieved
3141:the original
3134:
3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3107:
3073:
3056:
3020:. Retrieved
3015:
2983:
2977:
2963:cite journal
2928:
2924:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2869:
2863:
2854:
2850:
2841:
2822:
2813:
2793:
2764:
2755:
2735:
2725:
2705:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2669:
2644:. Retrieved
2638:
2629:
2619:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2595:
2564:. Retrieved
2550:
2540:
2530:
2508:. Retrieved
2503:the original
2497:
2488:
2465:
2456:
2448:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2403:
2393:
2373:
2366:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2317:
2311:
2298:
2288:
2283:
2229:
2209:
2187:. Retrieved
2182:
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2123:
2114:
2105:
2098:. Retrieved
2086:
2076:
2067:
2052:
2045:
2017:
2001:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1929:
1899:house arrest
1896:
1888:
1871:Black Beauty
1870:
1856:
1848:
1832:Constitution
1828:Islamization
1824:Awami League
1801:
1791:such as the
1774:
1760:house arrest
1753:
1729:
1695:
1686:
1673:
1647:
1643:Nixon's trip
1632:
1626:
1596:
1580:
1557:
1545:
1542:Sarmila Bose
1535:
1529:
1525:
1516:Mukti Bahini
1505:
1493:
1489:
1470:
1434:Awami League
1418:Abdus Sattar
1415:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1312:
1262:Air-Marshal
1098:
1077:
1073:Awami League
1053:The uprising
1050:
1005:
997:
989:
969:
957:
925:
900:
890:
878:Shah of Iran
850:World War II
847:
820:
795:
788:
771:
769:
761:
753:
721:
713:
649:constitution
642:
607:
586:
585:
494:World War II
487:Battles/wars
462:
260:(1980-08-10)
204:Succeeded by
174:
159:
139:Succeeded by
104:
36:
5252:1980 deaths
5247:1917 births
5160:Inam-ul-Haq
5144:Sartaj Aziz
4790:(1947-1972)
4612:S.M. Abbasi
4606:Rakhman Gul
4581:K.K. Afridi
4557:Balochistan
3404:, p. 7
2640:Banglapedia
2130:3 September
2100:3 September
1985:Sam Bahadur
1926:In Pakistan
1903:martial law
1875:Shakespeare
1842:) "to keep
1777:Shia Muslim
1090:martial law
1081:martial law
843:Axis Forces
759:Editorial,
645:martial law
305:martial law
293:(1917–1947)
287:Nationality
192:Preceded by
127:Preceded by
5241:Categories
5104:Akram Zaki
5083:Agha Shahi
5078:Aziz Ahmed
5068:Yahya Khan
4856:Zia-ul-Haq
4822:G. H. Khan
4728:Tikka Khan
4693:Tikka Khan
4685:Yacob Khan
4677:Syed Ahsan
4521:(unstyled)
4500:Yahya Khan
4355:Zia-ul-Haq
4340:Yahya Khan
4273:1969–1971
4254:1969–1971
4235:1969–1971
4216:1969–1971
4184:1966–1971
4159:1957–1962
3583:Black 2007
3571:Black 2007
3559:Black 2007
3547:Black 2007
3526:Black 2007
3452:Black 2007
2672:. Pakistan
2598:. Pakistan
2566:8 December
2037:References
1911:Rawalpindi
1879:Lord Byron
1863:Noor Jehan
1781:womanizing
1741:government
1737:presidency
1609:See also:
1484:See also:
1458:Nurul Amin
1238:Statistics
1094:parliament
966:The C-in-C
891:After the
780:Khan Sahib
740:Nader Shah
705:Rawalpindi
693:Bangladesh
599:Tikka Khan
354:Allegiance
327:Alma mater
282:, Pakistan
271:, Pakistan
265:Rawalpindi
234:1917-02-04
209:Gul Hassan
186:Nurul Amin
120:Nurul Amin
48:Yahya Khan
4939:M.Y. Khan
4919:A.H. Khan
4881:Musharraf
4663:Azam Khan
4638:Fazle Haq
4494:Ayub Khan
4389:Musharraf
4335:Ayub Khan
4205:Ayub Khan
3949:. Karachi
3898:17 August
3892:Dawn News
3866:. Karachi
3402:Bass 2013
3361:17 August
3287:chapter 2
3254:Bass 2013
2947:0030-9729
2646:17 August
2095:0028-792X
1907:Fazle Haq
1732:surrender
1653:Communism
1645:in 1972.
1631:notes in
1629:Gary Bass
1436:, led by
1136:President
1112:Ministers
1057:Ayub Khan
1001:Dean Rusk
928:Ayub Khan
913:Brigadier
825:from the
736:Qizilbash
701:Fazle Haq
638:Ayub Khan
415:1939–1971
379:(1947-71)
367:(1939-47)
312:Education
172:Ayub Khan
169:President
160:In office
132:Ayub Khan
105:In office
74:یحییٰ خان
4797:Messervy
4736:Nur Khan
4733:Air Mshl
4113:Archived
4068:(2013).
3511:28 March
3335:18566045
3171:BBC News
2955:41258062
2821:(2015).
2763:(2005).
2510:17 April
2464:(1973).
2401:(2015).
1838:and the
1812:Islamist
1771:Religion
1661:Congress
1657:Cold War
1560:sedition
1510:and the
1380:Bengalis
1340:One Unit
1264:Nur Khan
1246:Industry
1242:Commerce
1193:Interior
1179:General
1115:Portrait
935:against
791:Peshawar
757:—
750:origin.
709:Peshawar
458:Commands
377:Pakistan
320:Dehradun
280:Peshawar
150:5th
5093:Noorani
4958:Related
4924:S. Khan
4876:Karamat
4851:T. Khan
4817:Y. Khan
4812:M. Khan
4807:A. Khan
4436:Italics
4416:Zardari
4406:Mamnoon
4401:Zardari
4372:Leghari
3953:23 July
3924:23 July
3870:23 July
3841:23 July
3767:23 July
3674:ethics.
3437:22 July
3387:20 July
3326:2440905
3205:19 July
3176:19 July
3147:17 July
3114:20 July
3022:2 March
3018:. PILDT
3010:PILDT.
2908:20 July
2676:20 July
2602:19 July
2189:17 July
1867:Bengali
1844:secular
1830:of the
1816:leftist
1655:in the
1605:US role
1424:of the
1335:Bengali
1327:Mohajir
1323:Pashtun
1319:Punjabi
1275:Deputy
1230:Finance
1224:Deputy
1187:Deputy
1160:Defence
1156:Foreign
1152:Justice
1025:4 Corps
1021:2 Corps
1016:T-54/55
1012:M-47/48
993:1 Corps
943:of the
876:to the
748:Pashtun
744:Persian
734:, in a
724:Chakwal
616:in the
573:
562:
551:
540:
429:General
241:Chakwal
175:Himself
62:
58:
54:
44:General
4949:Kayani
4891:Sharif
4886:Kayani
4866:Janjua
4802:Gracey
4531:Punjab
4395:Soomro
4378:Sajjad
4366:Sajjad
4345:Bhutto
4078:
4054:
3978:
3665:
3639:30 May
3603:
3333:
3323:
3228:
3080:
2990:
2953:
2945:
2876:
2829:
2801:
2771:
2743:
2713:
2557:
2476:
2441:
2411:
2381:
2354:
2324:
2217:
2093:
2060:
1921:Legacy
1915:Punjab
1885:Family
1703:Jordan
1701:, and
1699:Turkey
1650:global
1512:police
1303:
1289:Labour
1285:Health
1244:, and
1207:
1170:
909:Quetta
806:Lahore
728:Punjab
532:Awards
453:PA–98)
303:None (
269:Punjab
245:Punjab
4944:Hayat
4901:Munir
4896:Bajwa
4871:Kakar
4597:Sindh
4384:Tarar
4350:Ilahi
4330:Mirza
2951:JSTOR
2009:Notes
1945:
1943:,
1938:
1936:,
1893:Death
1639:China
907:) at
903:(now
659:from
451:S/No.
4929:Arif
4725:LGen
4717:LGen
4698:LGen
4690:LGen
4682:LGen
4674:VAdm
4668:MGen
4660:LGen
4643:LGen
4635:LGen
4627:LGen
4610:LGen
4604:LGen
4585:LGen
4579:LGen
4573:LGen
4565:LGen
4546:LGen
4538:LGen
4515:Gen
4509:Gen
4498:Gen
4492:Gen
4411:Alvi
4076:ISBN
4052:ISBN
3976:ISBN
3955:2024
3946:Dawn
3926:2024
3900:2023
3872:2024
3863:Dawn
3843:2024
3769:2024
3663:ISBN
3641:2022
3601:ISBN
3513:2011
3501:Time
3483:2008
3469:Time
3439:2020
3389:2020
3381:Dawn
3363:2023
3331:PMID
3226:ISBN
3207:2020
3178:2020
3149:2020
3116:2020
3078:ISBN
3024:2013
2988:ISBN
2969:link
2943:ISSN
2910:2020
2874:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2799:ISBN
2769:ISBN
2741:ISBN
2711:ISBN
2678:2020
2670:Dawn
2648:2023
2604:2020
2596:Dawn
2568:2023
2555:ISBN
2512:2014
2498:Time
2474:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2352:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2215:ISBN
2191:2020
2132:2023
2102:2023
2091:ISSN
2058:ISBN
2022:Urdu
1996:Book
1953:NePl
1877:and
1739:and
1590:and
1291:and
1283:and
1277:CMLA
1232:and
1226:CMLA
1195:and
1189:CMLA
1158:and
1150:and
1138:and
1008:T-59
858:Iraq
762:Time
445:Now
435:Unit
420:Rank
255:Died
224:Born
95:3rd
64:NePl
4934:Beg
4861:Beg
3321:PMC
3313:doi
3309:336
2933:doi
1947:SPk
1933:HPk
1836:ISI
1799:."
1743:to
1148:Law
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