330:, the story of Princess Gaoyang and Bianji has been considered to be true history, and it also marks the beginning of Princess Gaoyang's image as a promiscuous woman in historical materials. Nowadays, because there is no more detailed historical evidence to support it, although later researchers have raised various doubts and questions about this matter, they are still not enough to overturn the New Book of Tang's definition of Princess Gaoyang.
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265:(房遺愛). When their relationship was discovered, Bianji was taken from the monastery and executed by hanging. Afterward, she led a dissolute private life, having extramarital affairs with the monks Zhixu and Huigong, and the Taoist priest Li Hu. After the death of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Princess Gaoyang resented Emperor Taizong and "cried without mourning".
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Gaoyang became bitter after Bianji's death; her betrothal and wedding went as planned in spite of her protests. However, instead of animosity and resentment, Gaoyang and Fang Yi'ai grew closer and bonded over their mutual hatred for the imperial court. Gaoyang and her husband gathered an army and led
294:(房玄龄) was in the last days of his life, he submitted a petition to the Emperor through Gaoyang. The records state that the relationship between the Emperor and the Princess was still in harmony. Additionally, the princess' name and courtesies were carved into Fang Xuanling's tomb with great honor.
312:(玄奘), which is contradictory with the image of Bianji as someone who would arbitrarily break the monastery rules. And last, numerous members of Fang Xuanling's clan held great positions in the Tang dynasty. There were a lot of ways to submit petitions to the emperor if the event really happened.
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provides a more gruesome detail, stating that Bianji was executed by waist-cutting, a form of execution involving cutting the victim in half at the waist. Some scholars question the narrative of Bianji being killed by
Taizong, suggesting that Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang's positions are highly
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The alleged affair between
Princess Gaoyang and the Buddhist monk Bianji is the most serious accusation against her and the reason for her bad reputation in history. However, the earlier historical work, the
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Additionally, during the Tang dynasty, there were strict rules requiring monks to obtain permission before leaving the monastery. Bianji was later appointed as dàdé (大德) by
261:(辯機). They kept it well hidden for many years, as monks were not supposed to have intimate relationships, and Gaoyang herself was already betrothed to a rich noble named
249:(Quan Tang Wen), Volume 24, records a decree granting the title of Princess Gaoyang to the 20th daughter of Emperor Xuanzong and awarding her a fief of 1,000 households.
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280:(资治通鉴), both of which date from the Song dynasty. All other records before the New Book of Tang do not mention this event.
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Gaoyang's father-in-law
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526:Yiu, Martha Cheung Pui; Wusun, Lin (3 June 2014).
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381:The Empress of China
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571:Woo, X.L. (2008).
351:In popular culture
253:Affair with Bianji
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