1830:
1825:
139:
1853:
498:
118:
719:
437:
Lower
Cretaceous ankylosaurs, considered it tentatively valid as an unusually large nodosaurid, larger than all those described before. Carpenter (2001) retained it as a valid nodosaurid, but did not employ it in his
610:, and Weishampel, D.B., (2004). Ankylosauria. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley 363-392.
474:
found in the
Arundel to be peculiar, but noted that fossils are rare in that formation anyway. In 2018, three new ankylosaur teeth described from the Potomac Formation were assigned to
727:
1964:
694:
479:
573:
Carpenter, K., and
Kirkland, J.I. (1998). Review of Lower and middle Cretaceous ankylosaurs from North America. In: Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., and Estep, J.W. (eds.).
1969:
1905:
1829:
478:
based on their similarity to the holotype. In 2023, large ankylosaur fossils (including vertebrae and a tail club) were announced to be found at
1974:
784:
627:
357:
1979:
615:
595:
742:
1846:
511:
430:
1984:
1824:
138:
777:
662:"Faunal composition and paleoenvironment of the Arundel Clay (Potomac Formation; Early Cretaceous), Maryland, USA"
875:
544:
Marsh, O.C. (1888). Notice of a new genus of
Sauropoda and other new dinosaurs from the Potomac Formation.
415:
1873:
1931:
902:
770:
300:
281:
1959:
1856:
1262:
1159:
639:
607:
998:
353:
133:
1936:
1918:
1755:
1019:
611:
591:
426:
395:
349:
1923:
1220:
1167:
1005:
673:
503:
471:
346:
30:
1685:
1649:
1589:
1555:
1548:
1441:
1382:
1254:
1151:
1067:
1027:
860:
586:
Carpenter, K. (2001). Phylogenetic analysis of the
Ankylosauria. In: Carpenter, K. (ed.).
531:
557:
Coombs, Jr., W.P. (1978). The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order
Ankylosauria.
450:
without comment. West and Tibert, however, followed this with a preliminary account of a
1748:
1734:
1720:
1628:
1601:
1497:
1478:
1393:
1339:
1204:
1174:
1144:
1107:
1083:
1953:
1711:
1621:
1614:
1566:
1510:
1457:
1423:
1324:
1270:
1245:
1227:
1130:
1076:
1049:
1041:
695:"Dinosaur Park in Laurel reveal the largest theropod fossil in Eastern North America"
434:
365:
68:
383:, though no size estimation has been done due to the scarcity of described remains.
1741:
1727:
1656:
1540:
1464:
1409:
1360:
1332:
1317:
1304:
1277:
1196:
1181:
1137:
1117:
984:
966:
944:
914:
887:
835:
793:
462:
Carpenter and
Kirkland (1998) listed 12 additional teeth from the same area as the
451:
447:
419:
399:
323:
244:
231:
199:
720:"Maryland before time: Rare dinosaur bone bed uncovered in Prince George's County"
1776:
1693:
1642:
1582:
1533:
1375:
1353:
1285:
1234:
1034:
1012:
844:
628:"West, A. and Tibert, N. (2004). Quantitative analysis for the type material of
410:
394:
named the genus for USNM 2135, a large worn tooth from what was then called the
391:
215:
43:
1896:
1769:
1762:
1700:
1575:
1526:
1518:
1471:
1416:
1402:
1368:
1346:
1056:
991:
493:
482:
by John-Paul
Hodnett, which may potentially represent additional specimens of
439:
330:
88:
53:
1783:
1663:
1450:
1430:
1292:
1189:
1091:
404:
380:
377:
150:
93:
37:
1890:
1790:
826:
817:
463:
369:
361:
326:
183:
170:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
1910:
1678:
1670:
316:
117:
98:
73:
811:
743:"Prehistoric Beast of the Week: Maryland Dinosaurs: Major Discovery!"
577:
New Mexico Museum of
Natural History and Science Bulletin 14:249-270.
342:
338:
160:
1867:
660:
Joseph A. Frederickson; Thomas R. Lipka; Richard L. Cifelli (2018).
632:: a distinct taxon from the Arundel Formation in southern Maryland.
1635:
467:
334:
319:
678:
661:
1797:
1871:
804:
766:
762:
446:(2004), in a review of armored dinosaurs, considered it to be
414:) teeth. It was not identified as an ankylosaurian until
402:
were by and large unknown at the time, he compared it to
634:
Geological
Society of America Abstracts with Programs
1880:
1710:
1600:
1565:
1496:
1440:
1392:
1303:
1244:
1116:
1105:
1066:
964:
913:
886:
859:
575:
Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems.
470:(USNM 9154) to the genus. They found the lack of
590:Indiana University Press:Bloomington 455-483.
778:
8:
1965:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
1868:
1606:
1502:
1309:
1122:
1113:
976:
972:
961:
892:
865:
856:
801:
785:
771:
763:
454:study that found it to be a unique genus.
116:
20:
677:
523:
569:
567:
466:tooth, and tentatively added a robust
337:. Its remains have been found in the
7:
1970:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
14:
315:(meaning "saw cone tooth") is an
1852:
1851:
1828:
1823:
496:
376:would have been a large armored
137:
512:Timeline of ankylosaur research
333:), mainly known from its large
741:Dipiazza, Chris (2023-07-17).
672:(2): Article number 21.2.31A.
1:
1975:Fossil taxa described in 1888
747:Prehistoric Beast of the Week
718:Reed, Lillian (2023-07-12).
546:American Journal of Science
2001:
693:Domen, John (2023-07-12).
666:Palaeontologia Electronica
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
1841:
1821:
1609:
1505:
1312:
1125:
979:
975:
960:
941:
895:
868:
855:
800:
287:
280:
134:Scientific classification
132:
124:
115:
23:
1980:Paleontology in Maryland
128:tooth in multiple views
588:The Armored Dinosaurs.
358:Prince George's County
1932:Paleobiology Database
440:phylogenetic analysis
1985:Ornithischian genera
724:The Baltimore Banner
458:Additional specimens
387:History of discovery
372:. As an ankylosaur,
532:"Untitled Document"
1882:Priconodon crassus
630:Priconodon crassus
606:Vickaryous, M.K.,
476:Priconodon crassus
368:, also located in
294:Priconodon crassus
1947:
1946:
1919:Open Tree of Life
1874:Taxon identifiers
1865:
1864:
1837:
1836:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1756:Nodocephalosaurus
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1101:
1100:
1020:Serendipaceratops
956:
955:
952:
951:
937:
936:
933:
932:
433:, in a review of
427:Kenneth Carpenter
396:Potomac Formation
350:Arundel Formation
308:
307:
1992:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1869:
1855:
1854:
1832:
1827:
1607:
1503:
1310:
1221:Propanoplosaurus
1168:Glyptodontopelta
1123:
1114:
1006:Priodontognathus
977:
973:
962:
893:
866:
857:
850:
849:
802:
787:
780:
773:
764:
757:
756:
754:
753:
738:
732:
731:
726:. Archived from
715:
709:
708:
706:
705:
690:
684:
683:
681:
657:
651:
650:
648:
647:
638:. Archived from
624:
618:
604:
598:
584:
578:
571:
562:
555:
549:
542:
536:
535:
528:
506:
504:Dinosaurs portal
501:
500:
499:
347:Lower Cretaceous
296:
292:
256:
243:
230:
214:
198:
142:
141:
120:
110:
40:
31:Early Cretaceous
29:Temporal range:
21:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1833:
1803:
1706:
1686:Tianzhenosaurus
1650:Minotaurasaurus
1596:
1590:Zhongyuansaurus
1561:
1556:Zhejiangosaurus
1549:Liaoningosaurus
1484:
1442:Struthiosaurini
1436:
1388:
1383:Tatankacephalus
1299:
1255:Gargoyleosaurus
1240:
1152:Gargoyleosaurus
1110:
1097:
1068:Parankylosauria
1062:
1028:Sinankylosaurus
969:
948:
929:
909:
882:
876:Avemetatarsalia
861:Avemetatarsalia
851:
807:
806:
796:
791:
761:
760:
751:
749:
740:
739:
735:
717:
716:
712:
703:
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692:
691:
687:
659:
658:
654:
645:
643:
626:
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621:
605:
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581:
572:
565:
556:
552:
543:
539:
530:
529:
525:
520:
502:
497:
495:
492:
460:
418:assigned it to
389:
304:
298:
290:
289:
276:
273:P. crassus
254:
241:
228:
212:
196:
136:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1749:Euoplocephalus
1745:
1738:
1735:Anodontosaurus
1731:
1724:
1721:Akainacephalus
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1629:Crichtonsaurus
1625:
1618:
1610:
1604:
1602:Ankylosaurinae
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1498:Ankylosauridae
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1479:Struthiosaurus
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1396:
1394:Panoplosaurini
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1340:Niobrarasaurus
1336:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1205:Polacanthoides
1201:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1175:Horshamosaurus
1171:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1145:Dongyangopelta
1141:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1108:Euankylosauria
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1084:Kunbarrasaurus
1080:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
980:
970:
965:
958:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
928:
927:
926:
925:
919:
917:
911:
910:
908:
907:
906:
905:
896:
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
879:
878:
869:
863:
853:
852:
848:
847:
838:
829:
820:
814:
805:
798:
797:
792:
790:
789:
782:
775:
767:
759:
758:
733:
730:on 2023-07-13.
710:
685:
652:
619:
599:
579:
563:
561:21(1):143-170.
550:
537:
522:
521:
519:
516:
515:
514:
508:
507:
491:
488:
459:
456:
435:North American
431:James Kirkland
400:ankylosaurians
388:
385:
364:, USA and the
306:
305:
299:
285:
284:
278:
277:
269:
267:
263:
262:
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42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1831:
1826:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1712:Ankylosaurini
1709:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:Crichtonpelta
1619:
1617:
1616:
1615:Bissektipelta
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1567:Shamosaurinae
1564:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:Ahshislepelta
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1458:Hungarosaurus
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1424:Panoplosaurus
1421:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:Ahshislepelta
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1271:Hoplitosaurus
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1246:Polacanthinae
1243:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1228:Rhadinosaurus
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1131:Acanthopholis
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1077:Antarctopelta
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:Tianchisaurus
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:Stegosaurides
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
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1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
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981:
978:
974:
971:
968:
963:
959:
947:
946:
940:
923:
922:
921:
920:
918:
916:
912:
904:
900:
899:
898:
897:
894:
891:
889:
885:
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873:
872:
871:
870:
867:
864:
862:
858:
854:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
830:
828:
824:
821:
819:
815:
813:
809:
808:
803:
799:
795:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
768:
765:
748:
744:
737:
734:
729:
725:
721:
714:
711:
700:
696:
689:
686:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
656:
653:
642:on 2007-01-06
641:
637:
635:
631:
623:
620:
617:
616:0-520-24209-2
613:
609:
608:Maryańska, T.
603:
600:
597:
596:0-253-33964-2
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559:Palaeontology
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489:
487:
485:
481:
480:Dinosaur Park
477:
473:
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465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
442:. Vickaryous
441:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
416:Walter Coombs
413:
412:
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
386:
384:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Potomac Group
363:
359:
355:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
324:ankylosaurian
321:
318:
314:
313:
302:
297:
295:
286:
283:
282:Binomial name
279:
275:
274:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
253:
250:
249:
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240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
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185:
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175:
172:
169:
166:
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159:
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155:
152:
149:
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145:
140:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1881:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1742:Dyoplosaurus
1740:
1733:
1728:Ankylosaurus
1726:
1719:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1662:
1657:Pinacosaurus
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1554:
1547:
1541:Hylaeosaurus
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1477:
1470:
1465:Pawpawsaurus
1463:
1456:
1449:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1410:Denversaurus
1408:
1401:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1361:Peloroplites
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1333:Borealopelta
1331:
1323:
1318:Acantholipan
1316:
1305:Nodosaurinae
1291:
1284:
1278:Peloroplites
1276:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1197:Mymoorapelta
1195:
1188:
1182:Hylaeosaurus
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1138:Anoplosaurus
1136:
1129:
1118:Nodosauridae
1090:
1082:
1075:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
985:Cryptosaurus
983:
967:Ankylosauria
945:Ankylosauria
943:
915:Ankylosauria
903:Ornithischia
888:Ornithischia
840:
836:Ornithischia
831:
822:
794:Ankylosauria
750:. Retrieved
746:
736:
728:the original
723:
713:
702:. Retrieved
698:
688:
679:10.26879/847
669:
665:
655:
644:. Retrieved
640:the original
636:, 36(5):423"
633:
629:
622:
602:
587:
582:
574:
558:
553:
545:
540:
526:
483:
475:
461:
452:morphometric
443:
424:
420:Nodosauridae
409:
403:
390:
373:
311:
310:
309:
293:
288:
272:
271:
258:
257:
245:Nodosauridae
232:Ankylosauria
222:
206:
200:Ornithischia
190:
177:
125:
24:
18:
1960:Ankylosaurs
1777:Scolosaurus
1694:Tsagantegia
1643:Jinyunpelta
1583:Shamosaurus
1534:Chuanqilong
1376:Silvisaurus
1354:Patagopelta
1286:Polacanthus
1235:Sauroplites
1035:Spicomellus
1013:Sarcolestes
845:Thyreophora
411:Stegosaurus
392:O. C. Marsh
378:quadrupedal
216:Thyreophora
1954:Categories
1845:See also:
1770:Platypelta
1763:Oohkotokia
1701:Zaraapelta
1576:Gobisaurus
1527:Cedarpelta
1519:Aletopelta
1472:Stegopelta
1417:Edmontonia
1403:Animantarx
1369:Sauropelta
1347:Nodosaurus
1213:Priconodon
1057:Vectipelta
992:Dracopelta
924:see below↓
827:Dinosauria
752:2024-08-02
704:2024-08-02
646:2007-01-05
548:135:89-94.
518:References
484:Priconodon
374:Priconodon
331:nodosaurid
312:Priconodon
259:Priconodon
184:Dinosauria
126:Priconodon
25:Priconodon
1784:Talarurus
1664:Saichania
1451:Europelta
1431:Texasetes
1293:Taohelong
1190:Invictarx
1092:Stegouros
810:Kingdom:
699:WTOP News
422:in 1978.
405:Diracodon
381:herbivore
329:(perhaps
266:Species:
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
36:113
1897:Q1756414
1891:Wikidata
1857:Category
1847:Timeline
1791:Ziapelta
1263:Gastonia
1160:Gastonia
818:Chordata
816:Phylum:
812:Animalia
490:See also
464:holotype
425:In 1998
370:Maryland
362:Maryland
354:Muirkirk
327:dinosaur
238:Family:
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
1924:4946786
1911:4965701
1679:Tarchia
1671:Shanxia
448:dubious
317:extinct
291:†
270:†
251:Genus:
105:↓
614:
594:
444:et al.
398:. As
343:Albian
339:Aptian
303:, 1888
1937:54176
1636:Datai
999:Minmi
841:Clade
832:Clade
823:Clade
472:armor
468:tibia
335:teeth
320:genus
301:Marsh
223:Clade
207:Clade
191:Clade
178:Clade
1906:GBIF
1798:Zuul
901:see
874:see
612:ISBN
592:ISBN
429:and
345:age
44:PreꞒ
674:doi
352:of
322:of
1956::
1934::
1921::
1908::
1893::
843::
834::
825::
745:.
722:.
697:.
670:21
668:.
664:.
566:^
486:.
408:(=
360:,
356:,
225::
209::
193::
180::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
1689:?
1674:?
1593:?
1544:?
1522:?
1514:?
1364:?
1328:?
1296:?
1281:?
1266:?
1258:?
1216:?
1208:?
1200:?
1185:?
1163:?
1155:?
1087:?
1045:?
1023:?
786:e
779:t
772:v
755:.
707:.
682:.
676::
649:.
534:.
341:-
255:†
242:†
229:†
213:†
197:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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