20:
264:
1239:. The General Court functioned as the legislative and the judiciary, the annually elected governor and his assistants were the executive branch of government. These Protestants believed that democracy was the will of God. In so doing, they followed Calvin who had, in order to safeguard the rights and liberties of ordinary people, praised the advantages of democracy and recommended that political power should be distributed among several institutions to minimise its misuse. He had in effect advocated separation of powers.
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employ professional clergy who perform many of the same functions as priests such as clarifying doctrine, administering communion, performing baptisms, marriages, etc. In many instances, Protestants see professional clergy as servants acting on behalf of the local believers. This is in contrast to the priest, whom some
Protestants see as having a distinct authority and spiritual role different from that of ordinary believers.
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1676:"Protestantism originated in the 16th-century Reformation, and its basic doctrines, in addition to those of the ancient Christian creeds, are justification by grace alone through faith, the priesthood of all believers, and the supremacy of Holy Scripture in matters of faith and order." "The Protestant Heritage" Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 20 Sept. 2007
205:"The redemptive sacrifice of Christ is unique, accomplished once for all; yet it is made present in the Eucharistic sacrifice of the Church. The same is true of the one priesthood of Christ; it is made present through the ministerial priesthood without diminishing the uniqueness of Christ's priesthood: "Only Christ is the true priest, the others being only his ministers.""
891:, "You are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a priestly kingdom." In this way we are all priests, as many of us as are Christians. There are indeed priests whom we call ministers. They are chosen from among us, and who do everything in our name. That is a priesthood which is nothing else than the Ministry. Thus
1156:). In Germany, Lutheran churches established the first presbyteries in the 19th century, and after the downfall of the monarchies in 1918 synods were formed which assumed the task of leading the churches. They are made up of both laypersons and clergy. Since 1919, the Anglican church has also had a synod (
1072:
who are well versed with
Christian liturgy, scripture, and church teachings, and are qualified to lead worship and preach sermons. Although many religions use priests, most Protestant denominations reject the idea of a priesthood as a group that is spiritually distinct from lay people. They typically
1012:
in
Methodist churches. Within the Plymouth Brethren, the concept is most usually evidenced in the lack of distinction between "clergy" and "laity", the refusal to adopt formal titles such as reverend or bishop, the denial of formal ordination, and in some cases the refusal to hire any "professional
856:
That the pope or bishop anoints, makes tonsures, ordains, consecrates, or dresses differently from the laity, may make a hypocrite or an idolatrous oil-painted icon, but it in no way makes a
Christian or spiritual human being. In fact, we are all consecrated priests through Baptism, as St. Peter in
215:
Catholicism often expresses the idea of the priesthood of all baptized
Christians in English as the "common" or "universal" priesthood; in parallel, it refers to Catholic clergy as the "ministerial" priesthood. It defends this distinction with the original language of scripture. The Catholic Church
1365:
believers" for example for democratized
Protestant groups where there are no clergy, or in churches which have purely symbolic, or no, sacraments, or which do not make a distinction between religions. Some Lutheran theologians have pushed back on idea that the priesthood of all believers entails a
916:
To obtain such (saving) faith God instituted the office of preaching, giving the gospel and the sacraments. Through these, as through means, he gives the Holy Spirit who produces faith, where and when he wills, in those who hear the gospel ... Concerning church government it is taught that no one
1370:
Luther's text "cannot mean, "anyone can be a pastor," but rather, "all of us are members of the one body of Christ and individually servants to each other in our respective offices." The
Protestant and pietistic appropriation of these terms turns everything on its head and replaces service with
1081:
Luther's doctrine of the universal priesthood of all believers gave laypersons and the clergy equal rights and responsibilities. It had strong, far-reaching consequences both within the
Protestant churches and outside of them with respect to the development of distinct political and societal
1352:
believer" has been used to express the teaching that this priesthood is not collective or participatory but entirely individual, especially in, as a
Southern Baptist has expressed, "a congregation of faithful believers united in a common confession working as priests to each other."
178:
specifically highlights the priesthood of all believers. The primary difference between the teachings of the
Catholic Church and those of the Protestant churches that reject the ordained priesthood, is that the Catholic Church believes in three different types of Christian priests:
1340:. While these groups appoint leaders, it is held that all members are responsible for the functioning of the church and church meetings. For example, at the Bruderhof, meetings are held with members sitting in a circle, breaking down the tradition of "preacher" and "congregation".
156:, which was widely believed then to be a second-century and near-apostolic teaching, that appropriated a pagan multi-level schema to make a hierarchical description of Christianity with a succession of intermediaries (energies, names, angels, priests, etc.) between God and man.
1626:"In a hymn now known as Ode 20, the poet describes his understanding of the "priesthood of all believers": ..... Ode 20 demonstrates that first century Jewish-Christians in the region of Antioch perceived themselves as individual priests offering spiritual sacrifices."
1085:
Luther had the intention to organize the church in such a way as to give the members of a congregation the right to elect a pastor by majority-decision and, if necessary, to dismiss him again. The Lutheran church would get an institutional framework based on the
1371:
power-grabbing and the unity of Christ's body with the disunity of individualistic spirituality. Or, as my friend Paul Rorem puts it, the democratic, American misconstrual of the priesthood of all believers means in actuality the priesthood of no believers."
1042:(Society of Friends) and US and African Quakers in some cases, have no priests and no order of service. God can speak through any person present, and any planned service is at risk of getting in God's way; hence the bulk of the observance is in silence.
1056:
believed, "There is no regularly constituted church of Christ on earth, nor any person qualified to administer any church ordinances; nor can there be until new apostles are sent by the Great Head of the Church for whose coming I am seeking." The
1464:
But you are not like that, for you are a chosen people. You are royal priests, a holy nation, God’s very own possession. As a result, you can show others the goodness of God, for he called you out of the darkness into his wonderful
1151:
When Lutherans from Germany and Scandinavia emigrated to North America, they took over the church polity based on presbyteries and synods which had been developed by the denominations with Calvinist traditions (for example,
1094:. But mainly because of the strong political and military pressure from the Catholic powers, the developing Lutheran churches in the German territories had to seek the protection of their worldly rulers who turned them into
5155:
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1654:"The responsibility of all those who were baptised is to offer their lives to God. Augustine defines the royal priesthood’s ‘true sacrifices’ as ‘works of mercy done to ourselves or our neighbour and directed to God.’"
2010:
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The belief in the priesthood of all believers does not preclude order, authority or discipline within congregations or denominational organizations. For example, Lutheranism maintains the doctrine of "the
1473:
version reflects the Protestant view, as the universal "royal priesthood" from the Bible Luther cites above has been changed to individual "royal priests".) Other relevant Scripture passages include
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The inclusionary Catholic version proposes a common priesthood that is different from both Holy Orders and the priesthood of Christ. The exclusionary version, elaborated in the theology of
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How then if they are forced to admit that we are all equally priests, as many of us as are baptized, and by this way we truly are; while to them is committed only the Ministry (
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1609:, priests acted as mediators between God and people. They ministered according to God's instruction and offered sacrifices to God on behalf of the people. Once a year, the
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1520:. God is equally accessible to all the faithful, and every Christian has equal potential to minister for God. This doctrine stands in opposition to the concept of a
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That a Christian Meeting or Congregation has the Right and the Power to Judge All Doctrines and Call, Install, and Dismiss Teachers, as Grounded on Scriptures
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into Christ’s royal priesthood. In his exposition of 1 Peter 2:9, he writes ‘we call them all priest insomuch as they are members of the One Priest’.
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1061:, believed that the Roman Catholic Church had lost its authority through corruption and waited for Christ to restore his true church and authority.
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The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ
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1629:
1516::23–28). Protestants believe that through Christ they have been given direct access to God, just like a priest; thus the doctrine is called the
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74:, became prominent as a tenet of Protestant Christian doctrine, though the exact meaning of the belief and its implications vary widely among
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1305:. In turn, these documents became models for the constitutions of nations in Europe, Latin America, and other parts of the world. The French
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in North America in 1620 took the next step in evolving the consequences of Luther's universal priesthood doctrine by combining it with the
109:(c. q70-120 AD) has an early understanding of a view of the priesthood of all believers, suggesting that Jewish-Christians in the region of
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has been argued to have held to a view of universal priesthood because he stated "for all the righteous possess the sacerdotal rank". For
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says, "You are a royal priesthood and a priestly kingdom," and Revelation , "Through your blood you have made us into priests and kings."
193:
Christian priesthood is not a continuation of Jewish temple priests who sacrifice animals but, like Christ, a priesthood in the order of
146:
In the millennium from the 6th to 16th centuries, this common priesthood was sometimes overshadowed, to some extent, by the influence of
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movement. Within Methodism it can plausibly be linked to the strong emphasis on social action and political involvement within that
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in order to dismiss the medieval view that Christians in the present life were to be divided into two classes: "spiritual" and "
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and could therefore not be forced on a person. Williams, Hooker, and Penn adopted Luther's position. Precondition for granting
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and a national synod, whose members, laymen and clergymen alike, were elected by the parishioners as well. This combination of
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2029:, vol. 6, p. 407, lines 19–25 as quoted in Timothy Wengert, "The Priesthood of All Believers and Other Pious Myths," page 12
1989:
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1285:. This had been made possible by Luther's separation of the spiritual and the worldly spheres in his doctrine of the
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held a belief similar to the priesthood of all believers. However his views on the laity may have been influenced by
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on the one hand and religious freedom and other human rights on the other hand became the backbone of the American
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did not use the phrase "priesthood of all believers", he adduces a general priesthood in Christendom in his 1520
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887:, in what has not been committed to them) except insofar as we may have granted it to them, for thus it says in
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895::1: "No one should regard us as anything else than ministers of Christ and dispensers of the mysteries of God."
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The universal priesthood of all believers which excludes a ministerial priesthood is a foundational concept of
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Priesthood in a New Millennium: Toward an Understanding of Anglican Presbyterate in the Twenty-First Century
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The vast majority of Protestants draw some distinction between their own ordained ministers and lay people.
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This expression has also been used for households without heads and for mutually-indifferent Christians.
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23:"Scripture sets before us Christ alone as mediator, atoning sacrifice, high priest, and intercessor."—
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The Priesthood of All Believers and the Missio Dei: A Canonical, Catholic, and Contextual Perspective
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that had its origin also in Luther's theology. In this view, faith in Jesus Christ was a gift of the
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Martin Luther's Theology of Universal Priesthood: A Historical, Contextual and Contemporary Analysis
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the ordained priesthood (Acts 14:23, Romans 15:16, 1 Timothy 5:17, Titus 1:5, James 5:14–15); and
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1313:, an ardent supporter of the American constitutional principles. These are also echoed in the
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1120:, were also elected by the parishioners, formed the representative church leadership. To this
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606:
591:
483:
60:
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883:)? If they recognize this they would know that they have no right to exercise power over us (
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meaning "one with elderhood"), which are usually both translated in English with the word "
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1996:
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until 1691, when the two colonies were united under a royal governor. Both colonies had a
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believed that priesthood authority was still needed but was lost from the earth. American
892:
729:
684:
576:
461:
456:
165:
106:
56:
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98:.) Some issue of illegitimate priestly activity is found in the story of the "schism of
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Most Protestants today recognize only Christ as a mediator between themselves and God (
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586:
520:
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6, 564.6–14 as quoted in Norman Nagel, "Luther and the Priesthood of All Believers",
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1527:
Much of the doctrinal dispute on this matter is caused by the difference between the
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1954:
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1909:"Christus Victor, Sacerdos et Judex: The Multiple Roles of Christ on Mosan Shrines"
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calls Jesus the supreme "high priest," who offered himself as a perfect sacrifice (
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should publicly teach, preach, or administer the sacraments without a proper call.
621:
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2469:
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and offer a sacrifice for the sins of all the people, including all the priests.
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temples, whereas the latter term refers to an acknowledged elder of a community.
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movement has a specific interpretation of the doctrine as underlying its solemn
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teaches a version of the priesthood of all believers. The dogmatic constitution
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Geschichte des Westens. Von den Anfängen in der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert
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Who is unique as both "the one who sacrifices and the one who is sacrificed."
1573:), and to those holding the office of conducting sacrifices in ancient
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1324:
A practical example of the priesthood of all believers may be found in modern
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571:
554:
549:
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221:
140:
114:
36:
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Wengert, T. (2005). "The Priesthood of All Believers and Other Pious Myths".
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The Book of Concord : The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
121:, as the Montanists supposedly believed in the priesthood of every believer.
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God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought
1565:". The former term refers to the sacrificial ritual leaders of Judaism, the
1552:
1513:
1265:, respectively, gave the democratic concept another turn by linking it with
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118:
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African Christian Mothers and Fathers: Why They Matter for the Church Today
2769:"The Priesthood of All Believers and Other Pious Myths" by Timothy Wengert
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and ordained ministers are usually regarded as congregational leaders and
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from sin may only be validly performed by ministerial priests with true
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1428: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The Story of America: Freedom and Crisis from Settlement to Superpower
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1825:"The priesthood of believers: The forgotten legacy of the reformation"
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believed themselves to be priests of God making spiritual sacrifices.
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Steps: A Guide to Transforming Your Life When Willpower Isn't Enough
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The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics
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18:
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churches may retain office-titles such as "bishop" and, for some
90:
texts speak of a national "kingdom of priests" (Exodus, 19:5–6),
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2428:
Celebrating the Reformation: Its Legacy And Continuing Relevance
4821:
4063:
3578:
2801:
2626:, Revised and Expanded Edition, Oxford University Press, 2005.
1713:
Augsburg Confession, Article 21, "Of the Worship of the Saints"
1456:
The Bible passage considered to be the basis of this belief is
4650:
2607:
God of Liberty: A Religious History of the American Revolution
1397:
925:
849:
197:
who "offered bread and wine". The first two priesthoods are a
3574:
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1532:
1195:
that had been developed by Calvinist theologians, especially
2781:"Luther and the Priesthood of All Believers" by Norman Nagel
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Edge, Findley B. (January 1963). "Priesthood of Believers".
210:
Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1454 with quote of Aquinas
94:(Exodus 40:15, Leviticus 21:10), and specific priests (e.g.
2793:"What the Priesthood of All Believers Means" by Simon Perry
1722:. trans. Kolb, R., Wengert, T., and Arand, C. Minneapolis:
1116:
from their midst who, together with pastors, teachers, and
2402:"A Baptist View of the Royal Priesthood of All Believers"
1769:
An Informed Faith: The Position Papers of R. J. Rushdoony
848:
Christians are "priests" and "spiritual" in the sight of
2096:
in Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, trans. and eds.,
183:
the common priesthood of all Christians (1 Peter 2:5–9)
2624:
The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789
2581:, 1998. www.histarch.Illinois.edu/plymouth/ccflaw.html
1378:
The Priesthood of All Believers and Other Pious Myths
1361:
Commentators sometimes use the phrase "Priesthood of
1679:"The Protestant Heritage -- Encyclopędia Britannica"
1289:. The inseparable combination of democracy with its
47:
belief that this universal priesthood precludes the
5610:
5539:
5439:
5350:
5168:
5093:
5062:
5039:
5030:
4947:
4877:
4694:
4641:
4585:
4559:
4528:
4477:
4406:
4281:
4140:
4102:
3963:
3912:
3835:
3780:
3663:
3612:
3549:
3524:
3438:
3377:
3261:
3105:
3052:
2853:
2655:, Fourth Edition, Tübingen (Germany), Vol. 8, 2005.
2574:, Third Edition, Tübingen (Germany), Vol. VI, 1962.
1307:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1160:), which has elected laypersons among its members.
2934:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants
2644:, Third Edition, Tübingen (Germany), Vol. I, 1957.
2497:Institute of Liturgical. Studies Occasional Papers
2345:"Bruderhof - Fellowship for Intentional Community"
2100:, (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), 39, 40, 46.
1254:(1682), Baptist Roger Williams, Congregationalist
908:" established by God in the Christian Church. The
5252:International Federation of Catholic Universities
2667:Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War
1102:, Lutheran state churches were established, too.
2516:That you may prosper : dominion by covenant
1990:The Priesthood is Both Ministerial and Universal
35:is either the general Christian belief that all
2693:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
2203:Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant,
1462:
1368:
914:
873:
854:
203:
2878:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
2071:De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium
837:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
5247:International Catholic Conference of Scouting
5141:Penitential Brotherhood of the Holy Eucharist
4833:
4075:
3590:
2813:
2586:Der Protestantismus. Geschichte und Gegenwart
775:
8:
5262:International Union of Catholic Esperantists
5054:Archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood
2568:Toleranz. In der Geschichte des Christentums
2008:All the Faithful Are Priests through Baptism
1112:into effect. The church members elected lay
5131:Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady
960:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
865:Two months later Luther would write in his
5607:
5396:Fellowship of Catholic University Students
5242:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
5036:
4840:
4826:
4818:
4082:
4068:
4060:
3597:
3583:
3575:
3049:
2820:
2806:
2798:
2307:Middlekauff, pp. 51-52, 136, 627, 670-674.
1013:staff" or paid Christian workers at all.
782:
768:
262:
242:
189:the high priesthood of Jesus (Hebrews 3:1)
55:) found in some other churches, including
4903:Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful
2886:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
2716:A Basic History of Lutheranism in America
2588:, Second, Revised Edition, Munich, 2010.
1920:
1848:
1444:Learn how and when to remove this message
1219:affairs of their community. It was, like
1023:, also lean heavily on this concept. The
992:The doctrine is strongly asserted within
980:Learn how and when to remove this message
868:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
5577:Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life
2660:History of Religion in the United States
2653:Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
2642:Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
2572:Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
1818:
1816:
1309:(1789) was mainly based on the draft of
844:". He put forward the doctrine that all
5447:Catholic Marian movements and societies
2426:Thompson, Mark D. (21 September 2017).
1705:
1598:
254:
5002:Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity
2055:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2048:
1907:Angheben, Marcello (14 January 2019).
1036:declaration of the forgiveness of sins
4972:Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites
3740:Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren
3251:Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo
2966:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper
2518:. Institute for Christian Economics.
1541:meaning "sacred one"; represented in
1019:, who generally operate on a form of
7:
5121:Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart
5049:Archconfraternity of the Holy Family
2409:Southern Baptist Journal of Theology
2349:Fellowship for Intentional Community
2207:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004,
1426:adding citations to reliable sources
958:adding citations to reliable sources
5474:World Movement of Christian Workers
5101:Confraternity of Christian Doctrine
5017:Association of Salesian Cooperators
2602:, Eleventh Edition, Tübingen, 1957.
1227:a small democratic, self-governing
904:office" or the "office of the holy
216:holds that the consecration of the
5367:Association of Vatican Lay Workers
5362:Apostolate for Family Consecration
5151:Ven. Arc. Misericordia di Florence
2902:Against Henry, King of the English
2721:Weinstein, Allen and David Rubel,
1524:or hierarchy within Christianity.
1233:representative political structure
43:, or, alternatively, the specific
14:
5126:Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes
5012:Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
3245:Propaganda during the Reformation
2539:Ortberg, John (4 February 2025).
1823:Dreyer, Wim A. (1 January 2020).
1628:Voss, Henry Joseph (2016-10-25).
1108:put Luther's intended democratic
1004:, and can be seen in the role of
5677:
5660:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
5592:Pontifical Council for the Laity
5431:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
5106:Confraternity of Catholic Saints
4938:
4044:
3092:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam
3044:Weimar edition of Luther's works
2756:
2600:Kompendium der Kirchengeschichte
1402:
1366:democratic leveling of offices:
1090:, the central characteristic of
930:
751:
5416:Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network
4957:Order of Augustinian Recollects
4773:Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement
2870:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace
2739:, Third Edition, Munich, 2012.
2662:, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1960.
2579:Plymouth Colony Legal Structure
2355:from the original on 2017-04-25
2080:Concordia Theological Quarterly
2038:from the original on 2015-10-11
1913:Sacred Scripture / Sacred Space
1685:from the original on 2006-06-14
1413:needs additional citations for
1223:, founded by Puritans in 1628,
148:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
4921:Our Lady of the Southern Cross
4733:Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book
3893:Separation of church and state
3385:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg
3077:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn
3012:On the Councils and the Church
2918:The Adoration of the Sacrament
2681:American Life and Institutions
2451:Fisher, Dom (1 January 2019).
1793:Farrow, Douglas (2004-07-01).
1736:Ellingsen, Mark (2015-10-21).
1283:separation of church and state
1154:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
1:
5257:International Kolping Society
3810:Dordrecht Confession of Faith
3359:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
2894:On the Freedom of a Christian
2845:Resources about Martin Luther
2092:Articles 4, 5, and 14 of the
1742:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
1634:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
1163:It is a featured doctrine of
5372:Catholic Charismatic Renewal
5342:Union of Catholic Apostolate
4749:Evangelical Lutheran Worship
4741:Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary
3415:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg)
3125:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518
3085:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
2543:. Tyndale House Publishers.
5386:Catholic Christian Outreach
5111:Confraternity of the Rosary
5070:Confraternities of the Cord
3888:Priesthood of all believers
3827:Anabaptist–Jewish relations
3410:Martin Luther's Death House
3405:Martin Luther's Birth House
3268:Hans and Margarethe Luther
3181:Priesthood of all believers
2763:Priesthood of all believers
2709:Evangelisches Soziallexikon
2316:Kidd, pp. 5-10, 54-55, 225.
2235:Philbrick, pp. 6-30, 39-42.
2083:61 (October 1997) 4:283-84.
1518:priesthood of all believers
1344:Priesthood of each believer
1319:Declaration of Human Rights
1295:Declaration of Independence
627:United and uniting churches
457:Great Awakenings in America
33:priesthood of all believers
5741:
5684:Catholic Church portal
5602:Universal call to holiness
5582:Lay Centre at Foyer Unitas
5421:Queen of Angels Foundation
5080:Flagellant confraternities
5075:Confraternity of Penitents
3873:Nonconformity to the world
3767:Apostolic Christian Church
3369:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld
3020:On the Jews and Their Lies
2942:On the Bondage of the Will
2474:. Church Publishing, Inc.
2387:10.1177/003463736306000102
2253:Olmstead, pp.15-16, 64-73.
1615:holiest part of the temple
1551:
1533:
1391:
1357:Priesthood of no believers
1348:The phrase "Priesthood of
1281:in their colonies was the
879:) and consented to by us (
5672:
5620:Aid to the Church in Need
5562:Catholic higher education
5486:Christian Family Movement
5380:Shalom Catholic Community
5287:Militia of the Immaculata
4967:Oblates of Saint Benedict
4936:
4855:
4113:(known as the Invocation)
4041:
3755:Brethren in Christ Church
3420:St. Augustine's Monastery
3171:Theology of Martin Luther
3161:Augsburg Confession, 1530
2835:
2584:Graf, Friedrich Wilhelm,
2400:Leeman, Jonathan (2019).
1922:10.1515/9783110629156-005
1570:
231:Orthodox churches have a
5572:Catholic campus ministry
5511:Notre-Dame de Chrétienté
5469:Catholic Worker Movement
5406:Maryknoll Lay Missioners
5391:Catholic Worker Movement
5217:Communion and Liberation
5192:Christian Life Community
5146:Society of the Holy Name
4987:Secular Franciscan Order
4962:Order of Saint Augustine
4757:Lutheran Book of Worship
4033:Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich
3750:Old Order River Brethren
3223:Eucharist in Lutheranism
3149:Decet Romanum Pontificem
1772:. Chalcedon Foundation.
1221:Massachusetts Bay Colony
327:Relations with Catholics
201:in Christ's priesthood:
5479:Young Christian Workers
5464:Catholic Women's League
5202:Cooperators of Opus Dei
5197:Christian Life Movement
5116:Bona Mors Confraternity
4930:Saint John Mary Vianney
4805:Service Book and Hymnal
4273:Prayers of the Faithful
4141:The Service of the Word
4051:Christianity portal
3696:Conservative Mennonites
3425:Veste Coburg (Fortress)
2974:On War Against the Turk
2679:Stevenson, Douglas K.,
1829:HTS Theological Studies
1175:North American Pilgrims
1045:Some groups during the
758:Christianity portal
5267:Lay Claretian Movement
5007:Order of Saint Norbert
4982:Order of Saint Francis
4977:Order of Saint Dominic
4925:Our Lady of Walsingham
4478:Parts of the Sanctuary
3843:Theology of Anabaptism
3805:Schleitheim Confession
3620:Protestant Reformation
3498:Martin Luther, Heretic
3390:Stadtkirche Wittenberg
3156:Marburg Colloquy, 1529
2761:Quotations related to
2735:Winkler, Heinrich A.,
2665:Philbrick, Nathaniel,
2658:Olmstead, Clifton E.,
2609:, Pennsylvania, 2010.
2577:Fennell, Christopher,
2514:Sutton, Ray R (1992).
2468:Cox, R. David (2004).
2375:Review & Expositor
2223:, 854 pages, entry on
1841:10.4102/hts.v76i4.6021
1796:Ascension And Ecclesia
1510:Epistle to the Hebrews
1499:Epistle to the Hebrews
1471:New Living Translation
1467:
1382:
1328:churches, such as the
1315:United Nations Charter
1207:. On the basis of the
1167:churches, such as the
1140:was taken over by all
1100:Scandinavian countries
1088:majoritarian principle
919:
897:
863:
740:Spiritual Christianity
235:to the Catholic view.
213:
176:Second Vatican Council
28:
5710:Christian terminology
5526:Young Men's Institute
5521:Voice of the Faithful
5506:Fidesco International
5501:Family Rosary Crusade
5491:Courage International
5426:Saint Paul's Outreach
5312:Sant'Egidio Community
5237:Heralds of the Gospel
5187:Chemin Neuf Community
4898:Military ordinariates
4879:Personal ordinariates
4781:Lutheran Service Book
3304:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi
3299:Albert of Brandenburg
3176:Theology of the Cross
3062:First Lutheran hymnal
2990:Articles of Schwabach
2718:, Philadelphia, 1954.
2262:Weinstein, pp. 56-63.
2185:Olmstead, pp. 6, 140.
2131:Waldron, pp. 128-136.
1522:spiritual aristocracy
1392:Further information:
1279:freedom of conscience
1021:congregational polity
808:Evangelical Catholics
102:" (Numbers 16:1-40).
22:
5332:Teresian Association
5322:Schoenstatt Movement
5182:Catenian Association
4917:Chair of Saint Peter
4871:religious institutes
4330:Memorial Acclamation
4326:Words of Institution
4125:Declaration of Grace
3788:German Peasants' War
3691:Old Order Mennonites
3233:Words of Institution
3130:Leipzig Debate, 1519
2638:Anglikanische Kirche
2566:Bronkamm, Heinrich,
2149:Heussi, pp. 330-331.
1422:improve this article
1376:Timothy J. Wengert,
1311:Marquis de Lafayette
1237:separation of powers
1183:Congregationalists (
954:improve this section
814:, "priest", however
427:Crypto-Protestantism
364:Bohemian Reformation
226:apostolic succession
5720:Protestant theology
5567:Catholic youth work
5547:Catholic catechesis
5292:Neocatechumenal Way
5085:Purgatorial society
5041:Archconfraternities
4865:who are neither in
4765:The Lutheran Hymnal
4725:Common Service Book
4282:The Service of the
4111:Trinitarian formula
4103:Preparatory Service
3858:Freedom of religion
3853:Christian communism
3625:Radical Reformation
3563:Theologia Germanica
3329:Johann von Staupitz
3143:Diet of Worms, 1521
3028:Vom Schem Hamphoras
2705:Calvin. Sozialethik
2649:Toleranz/Intoleranz
2620:Middlekauff, Robert
2298:Bornkamm, col. 937.
2289:Bornkamm, col. 937.
2094:Augsburg Confession
1148:who had no synods.
1122:presbyterian polity
1077:Democratic churches
910:Augsburg Confession
665:Confessing Movement
405:Augsburg Confession
359:Proto-Protestantism
153:Celestial Hierarchy
25:Augsburg Confession
5630:Catholic Charities
5587:Lists of Catholics
5557:Catholic Extension
5352:Other associations
5222:Emmanuel Community
5207:Couples for Christ
4586:Liturgical objects
4560:Liturgical vessels
4515:processional cross
4380:Benedicamus Domino
4315:Eucharistic Prayer
4203:Responsorial Psalm
4109:Entrance hymn and
4003:Balthasar Hubmaier
3925:Believer's baptism
3822:Old Order Movement
3701:Russian Mennonites
3364:Frederick the Wise
3349:Philip Melanchthon
3275:Katharina von Bora
3069:Erfurt Enchiridion
2862:Ninety-five Theses
2786:2006-09-09 at the
2774:2010-07-31 at the
2725:, New York, 2002,
2711:, Stuttgart, 1958.
2683:, Stuttgart, 1987.
2669:, New York, 2006,
2194:Moorman, col. 379.
2013:2017-11-14 at the
1995:2013-03-26 at the
1718:2014-06-26 at the
1169:Churches of Christ
1146:Congregationalists
650:Augsburg Catholics
617:Eastern Protestant
399:Ninety-five Theses
292:Anti-Protestantism
29:
16:Christian doctrine
5715:Lutheran theology
5697:
5696:
5668:
5667:
5552:Catholic Congress
5327:Teams of Our Lady
5232:Focolare Movement
5164:
5163:
5022:Order of Servites
4857:Organizations of
4815:
4814:
4717:Christian Worship
4709:Christian Worship
4618:sacramental bread
4593:collection basket
4057:
4056:
4008:Bernhard Rothmann
3848:Church discipline
3793:Münster rebellion
3655:Congregationalism
3572:
3571:
3536:, Washington D.C.
3344:Andreas Karlstadt
3295:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3228:Sacramental union
3101:
3100:
3005:Smalcald Articles
2745:978 3 406 59235 5
2714:Wentz, Abdel R.,
2699:978-0-521-89057-1
2675:978-0-14-311197-9
2636:Moorman, J.R.H.,
2632:978-0-19-516247-9
2615:978-0-465-00235-1
2605:Kidd, Thomas S.,
2594:978-3-406-46708-0
2550:978-1-4964-4704-3
2481:978-0-89869-388-1
2437:978-1-78359-510-5
2334:Stevenson, p. 34.
2271:Weerda, col. 210.
2221:978-0-8028-3898-8
1806:978-0-567-08325-8
1799:. A&C Black.
1779:978-1-879998-78-0
1749:978-1-60608-550-9
1724:Augsburg Fortress
1641:978-1-4982-8329-8
1491:Revelation 5:6–10
1454:
1453:
1446:
1267:religious freedom
1209:Mayflower Compact
1158:National Assembly
1142:Reformed churches
998:Plymouth Brethren
990:
989:
982:
792:
791:
632:Nondenominational
592:Plymouth Brethren
484:Proto-Protestants
61:Eastern Orthodoxy
5732:
5682:
5681:
5608:
5457:Azione Cattolica
5302:Priests for Life
5037:
4942:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4819:
4789:Lutheran Worship
4696:Liturgical books
4628:sacramental wine
4258:Athanasian Creed
4175:Dominus vobiscum
4084:
4077:
4070:
4061:
4049:
4048:
3930:Closed communion
3723:Amish Mennonites
3650:Zwickau prophets
3645:German mysticism
3599:
3592:
3585:
3576:
3526:Luther Monuments
3339:Karl von Miltitz
3319:Johann Cochlaeus
3293:
3285:
3283:Magdalena Luther
3277:
3269:
3050:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2760:
2555:
2554:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2325:Winkler, p. 317.
2323:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2140:Graf, pp. 35-38.
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2023:
2017:
2005:
1999:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1897:
1891:
1890:
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1873:
1872:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1764:Rushdoony, R. J.
1760:
1754:
1753:
1733:
1727:
1710:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1624:
1618:
1613:would enter the
1603:
1572:
1556:
1555:
1536:
1535:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1406:
1398:
1380:
1193:federal theology
985:
978:
974:
971:
965:
934:
926:
784:
777:
770:
756:
755:
715:Neo-charismatics
462:Revival meetings
412:Huldrych Zwingli
266:
243:
239:Protestant views
211:
96:Genesis 14:18–20
5740:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5725:Quaker theology
5700:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5676:
5664:
5645:Relief Services
5606:
5597:Taizé Community
5535:
5516:Theology on Tap
5452:Catholic Action
5435:
5354:of the faithful
5353:
5346:
5282:Militia Christi
5174:of the faithful
5173:
5171:
5160:
5089:
5058:
5032:Confraternities
5026:
4997:Order of Minims
4943:
4934:
4890:administrations
4889:
4882:
4873:
4869:nor members of
4863:Catholic Church
4861:members of the
4851:
4846:
4816:
4811:
4690:
4637:
4581:
4555:
4524:
4473:
4402:
4277:
4235:Hymn of the day
4136:
4117:Penitential Act
4098:
4088:
4058:
4053:
4043:
4037:
3988:Michael Sattler
3983:Pilgram Marpeck
3965:
3959:
3908:
3831:
3776:
3713:New Order Amish
3659:
3640:Moravian Church
3608:
3603:
3573:
3568:
3545:
3540:Luther Monument
3534:Luther Monument
3520:
3434:
3430:Wartburg Castle
3373:
3324:Johann Reuchlin
3257:
3216:Marian theology
3107:
3097:
3048:
2998:Large Catechism
2982:Small Catechism
2849:
2831:
2826:
2788:Wayback Machine
2776:Wayback Machine
2753:
2687:Waldron, Jeremy
2563:
2558:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2513:
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2202:
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2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:Olmstead, p. 6.
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:Heussi, p. 316.
2121:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2091:
2087:
2069:
2065:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2032:"Archived copy"
2030:
2025:Martin Luther,
2024:
2020:
2015:Wayback Machine
2006:
2002:
1997:Wayback Machine
1988:
1984:
1971:
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1720:Wayback Machine
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1595:
1583:
1495:Revelation 20:6
1450:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1419:
1407:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1359:
1346:
1213:social contract
1189:Plymouth Colony
1185:Pilgrim Fathers
1177:
1128:added regional
1079:
1034:concerning the
1006:local preachers
986:
975:
969:
966:
951:
935:
924:
893:1 Corinthians 4
881:nostro consensu
828:
812:Anglo-Catholics
788:
750:
745:
744:
730:Paleo-orthodoxy
685:Emerging church
660:Confessionalism
645:
637:
636:
577:Radical Pietism
479:
469:
468:
354:
344:
343:
287:
279:
241:
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209:
166:Catholic Church
162:
107:Odes of Solomon
84:
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11:
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4992:Order of Mercy
4989:
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4847:
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4813:
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4797:ReClaim Hymnal
4793:
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4777:
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4704:
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4553:
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4546:sanctuary lamp
4543:
4541:paschal candle
4538:
4532:
4530:
4526:
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4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
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4495:altar crucifix
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4397:Ite, missa est
4393:
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4338:
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4288:
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4262:Trinity Sunday
4251:
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4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4119:including the
4114:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4092:Divine Service
4089:
4087:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4064:
4055:
4054:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
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4028:Alexander Mack
4025:
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4015:
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3903:Sola scriptura
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3863:Great Apostasy
3860:
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3799:Martyrs Mirror
3795:
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3777:
3775:
3774:
3772:Peace churches
3769:
3764:
3759:
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3757:
3752:
3745:River Brethren
3742:
3737:
3735:Schwenkfelders
3732:
3727:
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3698:
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3671:Swiss Brethren
3667:
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3635:Petr Chelčický
3632:
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3253:(1537 edition)
3247:
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3211:Law and Gospel
3208:
3202:
3197:
3194:Sola scriptura
3190:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3166:Luther's canon
3163:
3158:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3136:Exsurge Domine
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
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2954:
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2751:External links
2749:
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2712:
2701:
2684:
2677:
2663:
2656:
2647:Ohst, Martin,
2645:
2634:
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2603:
2598:Heussi, Karl,
2596:
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2280:Ohst, col. 364
2273:
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2187:
2178:
2169:
2167:Heussi, p. 325
2160:
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2085:
2075:Weimar Ausgabe
2063:
2027:Weimar Ausgabe
2018:
2000:
1982:
1964:
1946:
1928:
1900:Alger of Liège
1892:
1874:
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1766:(2017-07-11).
1755:
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1607:ancient Israel
1597:
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1579:
1483:Revelation 1:4
1452:
1451:
1410:
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1401:
1394:Untranslatable
1389:
1386:
1373:
1358:
1355:
1345:
1342:
1303:Bill of Rights
1235:and practiced
1205:John Greenwood
1187:) who founded
1176:
1173:
1165:Restorationist
1096:state churches
1078:
1075:
1054:Roger Williams
988:
987:
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920:
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39:form a common
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4551:votive candle
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4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4374:Postcommunion
4372:
4370:
4369:
4368:Nunc dimittis
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4341:Sign of peace
4339:
4337:
4336:Lord's Prayer
4334:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4193:Old Testament
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4090:Order of the
4085:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4071:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Conrad Grebel
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3955:Simple living
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:Nonresistance
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3466:Martin Luther
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3450:Martin Luther
3447:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3054:List of hymns
3051:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2829:Martin Luther
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:0-7894-8903-1
2728:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:Weerda, Jan,
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2552:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2525:0-930464-11-7
2521:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2415:(1): 113–135.
2414:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:0-8028-3898-7
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1979:. Vatican.va.
1978:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1961:. Vatican.va.
1960:
1958:
1950:
1947:
1943:. Vatican.va.
1942:
1940:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1889:. Vatican.va.
1888:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1871:. Vatican.va.
1870:
1868:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:1 Timothy 2:5
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:1 Peter 2:4–9
1476:
1475:Exodus 19:5–6
1472:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1448:
1445:
1437:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1411:This section
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1256:Thomas Hooker
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Henry Barrowe
1198:
1197:Robert Browne
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1144:, except the
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:church polity
1107:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
984:
981:
973:
963:
959:
955:
949:
948:
944:
939:This section
937:
933:
928:
927:
921:
918:
913:
911:
907:
903:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
872:
870:
869:
862:
860:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:
833:
832:Martin Luther
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:Protestantism
785:
780:
778:
773:
771:
766:
765:
763:
762:
759:
754:
749:
748:
741:
738:
736:
735:Progressivism
733:
731:
728:
726:
725:New Calvinism
723:
721:
720:Neo-orthodoxy
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Church Growth
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
641:
640:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
534:
531:
530:
529:
526:
522:
519:
517:
516:Presbyterians
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
502:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
473:
472:
463:
460:
459:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
406:
403:
401:
400:
396:
395:
394:
393:Martin Luther
391:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
348:
347:
338:
335:
334:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
283:
282:
276:
273:
272:
270:
269:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:Protestantism
253:
249:
245:
244:
238:
236:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
206:
202:
200:
199:participation
196:
188:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
171:Lumen gentium
167:
160:Catholic view
159:
157:
155:
154:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:Old Testament
81:
79:
77:
76:denominations
73:
69:
68:Martin Luther
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
21:
5172:associations
4949:Third orders
4913:Anglican Use
4803:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4671:humeral veil
4536:altar candle
4448:
4407:Participants
4395:
4378:
4366:
4362:Distribution
4344:
4319:
4313:
4301:
4297:Sursum corda
4295:
4254:Nicene Creed
4213:
4180:
4173:
4161:
4156:Gloria Patri
4154:
4147:
4128:
4023:Jakob Ammann
4018:Menno Simons
4013:Dirk Philips
3998:Jakob Hutter
3935:Foot washing
3901:
3887:
3814:
3797:
3730:Abecedarians
3718:Beachy Amish
3681:Batenburgers
3561:
3514:Luther and I
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3400:Lutherstädte
3378:Luther sites
3334:Justus Jonas
3250:
3240:Antisemitism
3200:Two kingdoms
3192:
3185:
3180:
3148:
3135:
3075:
3067:
3036:
3026:
3018:
3010:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2913:(1522, 1534)
2910:Luther Bible
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2840:Bibliography
2765:at Wikiquote
2736:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2704:
2690:
2680:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2623:
2606:
2599:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2540:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2470:
2463:
2453:
2446:
2427:
2421:
2412:
2408:
2395:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2357:. Retrieved
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2224:
2204:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2176:Wentz, p. 41
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2088:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2040:. Retrieved
2026:
2021:
2003:
1985:
1974:
1967:
1956:
1949:
1938:
1931:
1912:
1902:
1895:
1887:, 1536–1600"
1884:
1877:
1866:
1859:
1832:
1828:
1795:
1788:
1768:
1758:
1738:
1731:
1708:
1687:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1630:
1622:
1601:
1587:Lay preacher
1558:
1545:by the word
1538:
1526:
1517:
1503:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1440:
1434:January 2010
1431:
1420:Please help
1415:verification
1412:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1347:
1323:
1299:Constitution
1291:civil rights
1287:two kingdoms
1263:William Penn
1252:Pennsylvania
1250:(1636), and
1244:Rhode Island
1241:
1224:
1216:
1178:
1162:
1150:
1134:presbyteries
1104:
1084:
1082:structures.
1080:
1063:
1044:
1015:
1010:lay speakers
1002:denomination
991:
976:
967:
952:Please help
940:
915:
898:
884:
880:
876:
874:
866:
864:
855:
835:
829:
793:
655:Charismatics
622:Pentecostals
397:
317:Ecclesiology
312:Demographics
233:similar view
230:
214:
204:
192:
169:
163:
151:
145:
129:St Augustine
123:
104:
85:
65:
51:priesthood (
48:
32:
30:
5655:Pax Christi
5376:Canção Nova
4867:holy orders
4666:geneva gown
4386:Benediction
4096:Lutheranism
3966:Anabaptists
3945:Plain dress
3920:Agape feast
3897:free church
3868:Memorialism
3630:Waldensians
3557:Luther rose
3516:(2017 film)
3508:(2003 film)
3500:(1983 film)
3492:(1974 film)
3484:(1964 film)
3476:(1961 play)
3468:(1953 film)
3460:(1928 film)
3452:(1923 film)
3442:and theatre
3314:Georg Rörer
3291:Paul Luther
3120:Lutheranism
3115:Reformation
2381:(1): 9–21.
1611:high priest
1559:presbyteros
1553:πρεσβύτερος
1458:1 Peter 2:9
1275:Holy Spirit
1271:human right
1248:Connecticut
1106:John Calvin
1070:theologians
1047:Reformation
970:August 2024
885:ius imperii
877:ministerium
826:Lutheranism
700:High church
670:Convergence
612:Keswickians
540:Anabaptists
511:Continental
494:Waldensians
447:John Wesley
422:Arminianism
417:John Calvin
376:Magisterial
371:Reformation
195:Melchizedek
135:(including
72:John Calvin
57:Catholicism
53:holy orders
49:ministerial
5704:Categories
5496:El Shaddai
5297:Pax Romana
5136:Penitentes
5094:Individual
4884:prelatures
4598:holy water
4520:tabernacle
4500:altar rail
4490:altar bell
4133:on Easter)
3993:Hans Denck
3973:Felix Manz
3686:Mennonites
3676:Hutterites
3613:Background
3606:Anabaptism
3395:Lutherhaus
3354:Pope Leo X
3286:(daughter)
3108:and events
3037:Table Talk
2561:References
2359:2017-05-23
2042:2013-06-24
1915:: 85–108.
1905:quoted by
1850:2263/79729
1689:2007-09-20
1338:Hutterites
1326:Anabaptist
1269:, a basic
1181:Separatist
1038:. British
1025:Laestadian
816:ordination
705:Liberalism
572:Methodists
555:Mennonites
550:Hutterites
533:Continuing
437:Dissenters
337:Five Solas
332:Theologies
222:absolution
141:ordination
115:Tertullian
45:Protestant
41:priesthood
37:Christians
5612:Charities
5440:Movements
4888:apostolic
4643:Vestments
4391:Dismissal
4357:Agnus Dei
4351:elevation
4321:Epiclesis
4284:Eucharist
4268:Offertory
4121:Confiteor
3913:Practices
3762:Bruderhof
3270:(parents)
3187:Sola fide
3035:Luther's
2109:Treatise
1593:Footnotes
1571:כֹּהֲנִים
1514:Hebrews 7
1334:Bruderhof
1126:Huguenots
1098:. In the
1092:democracy
994:Methodism
941:does not
902:preaching
889:1 Peter 2
859:1 Peter 2
820:sacrament
818:is not a
710:Mainlines
680:Ecumenism
644:Movements
597:Adventist
528:Anglicans
501:Lutherans
302:Criticism
218:eucharist
139:) was an
119:Montanism
82:Antiquity
27:Art. XXI.
5540:See also
5212:Cursillo
4908:Opus Dei
4681:surplice
4661:dalmatic
4656:chasuble
4633:thurible
4567:ciborium
4434:crucifer
4215:Alleluia
4130:Asperges
3950:Shunning
3883:Pacifism
3836:Theology
3205:Beerwolf
3094:" (1543)
3087:" (1529)
2784:Archived
2772:Archived
2430:. SPCK.
2353:Archived
2244:Fennell.
2225:Ministry
2051:cite web
2036:Archived
2011:Archived
1993:Archived
1977:, 15546"
1716:Archived
1683:Archived
1581:See also
1547:sacerdos
1497:and the
1388:Theology
1374:—
1297:(1776),
1246:(1636),
1229:republic
1225:de facto
1017:Baptists
996:and the
912:states:
906:ministry
871:(1520):
846:baptized
804:Lutheran
800:Anglican
607:Holiness
567:Baptists
506:Reformed
489:Hussites
477:Branches
442:Puritans
286:Concepts
248:a series
246:Part of
208:—
150:'s book
125:Irenaeus
5625:Caritas
5272:L'Arche
4700:hymnals
4686:tunicle
4603:incense
4572:chalice
4529:Candles
4510:piscina
4505:kneeler
4414:Acolyte
4308:Hosanna
4303:Sanctus
4292:Preface
4222:during
4209:Epistle
4199:gradual
4195:reading
4188:Collect
4149:Introit
3964:Notable
3940:Ordnung
3816:Ausbund
3781:History
3550:Related
3542:, Worms
3309:Erasmus
1959:, 1454"
1941:, 1333"
1869:, 1547"
1726:, 2000.
1567:kohanim
1539:hiereus
1508:). The
1217:worldly
1118:deacons
1066:Pastors
1059:Seekers
1051:Puritan
1040:Quakers
1028:pietist
962:removed
947:sources
842:secular
602:Irvings
582:Shakers
562:Quakers
452:Pietism
386:Counter
381:Radical
352:History
322:Liturgy
307:Culture
275:Outline
174:of the
133:baptism
111:Antioch
92:Levites
86:Hebrew
5317:SIGNIS
5227:FIMCAP
5156:RVISSM
4886:, and
4808:(1958)
4800:(2006)
4792:(1982)
4784:(2006)
4776:(1989)
4768:(1941)
4760:(1978)
4752:(2006)
4744:(1996)
4736:(1912)
4728:(1917)
4720:(2021)
4712:(1993)
4463:Priest
4459:Pastor
4454:lector
4439:deacon
4424:cantor
4419:bishop
4248:Sermon
4244:Postil
4240:Homily
4230:Gospel
4182:Oremus
4169:Gloria
3664:Groups
3506:Luther
3490:Luther
3482:Luther
3474:Luther
3458:Luther
3278:(wife)
3262:People
3207:(1539)
3151:, 1521
3138:, 1520
3106:Topics
3080:(1524)
3072:(1524)
3064:(1524)
3040:(1566)
3031:(1543)
3023:(1543)
3015:(1539)
3007:(1537)
3001:(1529)
2993:(1529)
2985:(1529)
2977:(1529)
2969:(1528)
2961:(1526)
2953:(1526)
2945:(1525)
2937:(1525)
2929:(1523)
2921:(1523)
2905:(1522)
2897:(1520)
2889:(1520)
2881:(1520)
2873:(1518)
2865:(1517)
2743:
2729:
2707:, in:
2697:
2673:
2651:, in:
2640:, in:
2630:
2613:
2592:
2570:, in:
2547:
2522:
2478:
2434:
2219:
2211:
2113:, 1523
1903:et al.
1803:
1776:
1746:
1658:Dreyer
1638:
1563:priest
1549:) and
1534:ἱερεύς
1531:words
1469:(This
1465:light.
1301:, and
1260:Quaker
1258:, and
1203:, and
1138:synods
1130:synods
1124:, the
1114:elders
830:While
5689:Index
5650:CIDSE
5640:CNEWA
5337:UIGSE
5063:Types
4676:stole
4622:wafer
4613:paten
4577:cruet
4485:altar
4469:usher
4449:laity
4444:elder
4429:choir
4220:tract
4163:Kýrie
3708:Amish
3294:(son)
2854:Works
2405:(PDF)
1835:(4).
1701:Notes
1575:pagan
1543:Latin
1529:Greek
1330:Amish
545:Amish
297:Bible
100:Korah
4698:and
4461:(or
4224:Lent
4201:(or
4127:(or
4123:and
3440:Film
2741:ISBN
2727:ISBN
2695:ISBN
2671:ISBN
2628:ISBN
2611:ISBN
2590:ISBN
2545:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2057:link
1801:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1656:apud
1636:ISBN
1350:each
1336:and
1317:and
1211:, a
1179:The
1136:and
1032:rite
1008:and
945:any
943:cite
810:and
802:and
220:and
164:The
105:The
70:and
59:and
31:The
5378:) (
4859:lay
4651:alb
4607:use
4346:pax
4260:on
4242:or
4094:in
2383:doi
1975:CCC
1957:CCC
1939:CCC
1917:doi
1885:CCC
1867:CCC
1845:hdl
1837:doi
1605:In
1424:by
1242:In
956:by
850:God
63:.
5706::
4923:,
4919:,
4915::
4343:/
4328:/
4324:/
4306:/
4300:/
3895:–
2689:,
2622:,
2499:.
2413:23
2411:.
2407:.
2379:60
2377:.
2351:.
2347:.
2215:,
2073:,
2053:}}
2049:{{
2034:.
1911:.
1843:.
1833:76
1831:.
1827:.
1815:^
1681:.
1501:.
1493:,
1489:,
1481:,
1477:,
1460::
1363:no
1332:,
1321:.
1199:,
1171:.
852::
822:.
798:.
250:on
228:.
131:,
78:.
5382:)
5374:(
4881:,
4841:e
4834:t
4827:v
4624:)
4620:(
4609:)
4605:(
4465:)
4353:)
4349:(
4332:)
4318:(
4310:)
4294:(
4264:)
4256:(
4250:)
4246:(
4226:)
4218:(
4205:)
4083:e
4076:t
4069:v
3598:e
3591:t
3584:v
3090:"
3083:"
2821:e
2814:t
2807:v
2553:.
2528:.
2503:.
2501:2
2484:.
2457:.
2440:.
2389:.
2385::
2362:.
2061:.
2059:)
2045:.
1973:"
1955:"
1937:"
1925:.
1919::
1883:"
1865:"
1853:.
1847::
1839::
1809:.
1782:.
1752:.
1692:.
1644:.
1569:(
1557:(
1537:(
1487:6
1485:–
1447:)
1441:(
1436:)
1432:(
1418:.
983:)
977:(
972:)
968:(
964:.
950:.
783:e
776:t
769:v
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