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734:) along with the two-digit LIDS identification code of the specific prison or institution. From 2010 onwards, attempts were made to replace the principal officer rank with non-uniformed junior managers (developing prison service managers – DPSM), although this process was neither entirely successful nor fully implemented. Further restructuring in 2013, known as "Fair & Sustainable", saw the remaining historic ranks and rank insignia phased out in favour of a new structure, and simple stripes on uniform epaulettes to indicate grades.
1750:. Members of the IMB, who are volunteers, are appointed by the Home Secretary and act as 'watchdogs' for both the Minister of Prisons and the general public, to ensure that proper standards of care and decency are maintained. An analysis of the reporting of IMBs found that while there may be some problems with their training and undertaking of duties, their monitoring and surveillance of the detention estate can be more than symbolic and may further the humane and just treatment of the state's most vulnerable citizens.
3234:
582:, 1910–1911. He first achieved fame as a prisoner in the Boer war in 1899. He escaped after 28 days and the media, and his own book, made him a national hero overnight. He later wrote, "I certainly hated my captivity more than I have ever hated any other in my whole life. ... Looking back on those days I've always felt the keenest pity for prisoners and captives." As Home Secretary he was in charge of the nation's penal system. Biographer
688:
prisoners above the age of 60. The head of the Prison
Governors' Association suggested in 2017 that prison sentences of less than a year should be replaced with alternative punishments. Another issue is the age of several prisons. A 2015 announcement from the government agreed that old prisons are more expensive to run and often unsuitable in design, such as having "dark corners which too often facilitate violence and drug-taking."
1595:
officers (W), and healthcare officers (H) and
Physical Exercise Instructors (PEI) who are the successors of the former hospital officers. The roles of the former catering officers, PE officers, and officer instructors are today taken by non-uniformed caterers, PE instructors, and educational/vocational instructors. Other key non-uniformed roles within the staff of a prison include chaplains, psychologists, and administrators.
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529:'s government to remove all prisons from local government and held a firm grip on the prison system till his forced retirement in 1895. He also established a tradition of secrecy which lasted till the 1970s so that even magistrates and investigators were unable to see the insides of prisons. By the 1890s the prison population was over 20,000.
1683:(Prison Officers' Association) in the 1990s. In 1994, a legal decision determined that it was illegal to induce prison officers to take industrial action – a law which had applied to police officers since 1919 – meaning that the POA could not call strike action amongst its members. New labour legislation introduced by the
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The main principles were separation and hard labour for serious crimes, using tread-wheels and cranks. However, by the 1860s public opinion was calling for harsher measures in reaction to an increase in crime which was perceived to come from the 'flood of criminals' released under the penal servitude
703:
MP, it was found that whilst adult prison populations are 24% BAME individuals, only 6% of prison staff were from Black and
Minority Ethnic communities. This was one of the significant factors listed as the cause for mis-trust between BAME prisoners and prison staff which then impacts the percentage
532:
The
British penal system underwent a transition from harsh punishment to reform, education, and training for post-prison livelihoods. The reforms were controversial and contested. In the 1877–1914 era a series of major legislative reforms enabled significant improvement in the penal system. In 1877,
371:
Prisoners in
England and Wales have a daily regime which might include employment and training on temporary licence outside of prison. In financial year 2018/19, 12,100 prisoners on average were employed in custody, delivering 17.1 million hours worked over the year. Average monthly net earnings per
396:
During the eighteenth century, British justice used a wide variety of measures to punish crime, including fines, the pillory and whipping. Transportation to the
Thirteen American Colonies was often offered, until 1776, as an alternative to the death penalty, which could be imposed for many offences
586:
says. "More than any other Home
Secretary of the 20th century, Churchill was the prisoner's friend. He arrived at the Home Office with the firm conviction that the penal system was excessively harsh". He worked to reduce the number sent to prison in the first place, especially those imprisoned for
1594:
Before the "Fresh Start" initiative there were more uniformed specialist officer roles, including dog handlers, works officers, hospital officers, catering officers, physical education officers, and officer instructors. Today the uniformed
Specialist Officer roles include dog handlers (DH), works
412:
in 1777. He was particularly appalled to discover prisoners who had been acquitted but were still confined because they couldn't pay the jailer's fees. He proposed that each prisoner should be in a separate cell with separate sections for women felons, men felons, young offenders and debtors. The
1781:
On 1 June 2011, NOMS was merged with the wider MoJ (HMCTS etc.) to form one organisation. Although HMCTS and NOMS are working under different terms and conditions, they are now managed together and HR is dealt with by one Shared
Service centre. A review of terms and conditions for all MoJ staff,
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which passed in 1779 following his agitation introduced solitary confinement, religious instruction and a labor regime and proposed two state penitentiaries, one for men and one for women. These were never built due to disagreements in the committee and pressures from wars with France and jails
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for smuggling. Despite a fall in crime rates between 2010 and 2016, the prison population continued to rise, while staff numbers were reduced, with the number of prison officers being reduced from 25,000 in 2010 to about 18,000 in 2015. There has been a particularly sharp rise in the number of
321:
for His
Majesty's Prison Service states that " Majesty's Prison Service serves the public by keeping in custody those committed by the courts. Our duty is to look after them with humanity and help them lead law abiding and useful lives in custody and after release". The Ministry of Justice's
1710:
On 29 August 2007, the POA started a 24-hour walkout of prisons, picketing establishments asking prison officers not to attend work for their shift. This was the first ever national strike action taken by the POA. The POA reported that 90% of its members (27,000) went on strike that day.
379:
On 31 March 2019, there were 37,735 staff in post. This was an increase of 2,452 staff on 31 March 2018, when a total of 35,293 were staff in post. Over the two-year period from 31 March 2017 to the latest year, 4,894 extra staff were in post (32,841 staff were in post on 31 March 2017).
748:
For formal occasions, a dark tunic with whistle on a chain is worn with a tie and peaked cap for men and bowler cap and open collar for women. Black gloves and shoes are worn, as are any medals/ribbons that have been awarded. Rank is worn on epaulettes and on the shoulders of uniforms.
623:. Cross-country walks were encouraged, and no one ran away. Prison populations remained at a low level until after the Second World War when Paterson died and the movement was unable to update itself. Some aspects of Borstal found their way into the main prison system, including
691:
In July 2018, the Government announced "a £30 million investment including £16 million to improve conditions for prisoners and staff and £7 million on new security measures, including airport-security style scanners, improved searching techniques and phone-blocking technology".
367:
HMPPS has a duty to implement the sentences and orders of the courts, to protect the public and to rehabilitate offenders. There are various ways a prisoner can be purposefully rehabilitated; including education, training, work and undertaking targeted accredited programmes.
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The government said that it would be "fully rolled put by April 2019" and that "the decision follows a successful trial by HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) at 4 prisons". The four prisons that were involved in the trial were: HMPs Hull, Preston, Risley and Wealstun.
1773:
On 1 April 2008, NOMS was reorganised as part of a shake-up in the Ministry of Justice. The headquarters and regional structures of NOMS and HMPS were merged into a single HQ structure with Phil Wheatly as Director General of NOMS. This brings HMPS and the
142:
631:), and many Borstal-trained prison officers used their experience in the wider service. However, in general, the prison system in the twentieth century remained in Victorian buildings which steadily became more and more overcrowded with inevitable results.
599:'s Committee on Prisons showed that criminal propensity peaked from the mid-teens to the mid-twenties. He took the view that central government should break the cycle of offending and imprisonment by establishing a new type of reformatory, that was called
472:
managed to repeal the death penalty for theft in 1806, but repealing it for other similar offences brought in a political element that had previously been absent. The Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline, founded in 1816, supported both the
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In addition to uniformed officers carrying out security and custodial roles, a number of specialist functions exist within every prison. Some are assigned to uniformed specialist officers, while others are carried out by non-uniformed support staff.
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their delay in paying fines, or for debts. He shortened their terms, and made life in prison more tolerable, and rehabilitation more likely. His reforms were not politically popular, but they had a major long-term impact on the British penal system.
717:
Historically, uniformed prison staff were under the supervision of a small number of very senior and experienced officers who held one of three chief officer ranks. Below these were the ranks of principal officer (rank badge – two
729:
From 2000 onwards, as part of a process to increase accountability within the prison service, all operational officers have been assigned a three-digit unique identification number, worn on all items of uniform (typically as an embroidered
3271:
657:
In 2017 the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) became Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS), now known as His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service following Charles III's accession to the throne in September 2022.
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it is an offence to assault (amongst others) a prison officer and is punishable by up to twelve months in prison, as well as a fine. Murder of a prison officer who was acting in the execution of their duty at the time can result in a
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Population statistics for the service are published weekly. Those for 24 June 2016 counted 85,130 prisoners; 95.47% were male. Those for the year to 31 March 2019 showed a fall to 83,013 (annual average); 95% were male.
722:) and senior officer (rank badge – single Bath star). However, as a reorganisation in the 1980s, termed "A Fresh Start", saw these chief officer ranks abolished, and their role taken by junior grade
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Six new reform prisons are to be built with prison governors in charge of operation and budget. Penal charities claimed reforms would fail if prisoners were "crammed into filthy institutions with no staff".
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required courts to allow a reasonable time before imprisonment was ordered for people who did not pay their fines. Previously tens of thousands of prisoners had been sentenced solely for that reason. The
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remained a local responsibility. But other measures passed in the next few years provided magistrates with the powers to implement many of these reforms and eventually in 1815 jail fees were abolished.
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Although the system is flexible in operation, most prison officers work in small teams, either assigned to a specific duty, or providing one shift of staff for the supervision of a particular
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approved a government request to stop industrial action taking place. In July 2017 the government won a High Court bid to obtain a permanent ban on industrial action by prison officers.
1915:
Section 138 also contains a provision, subsection 5, reinstating the ban on industrial action by prison officers in Scotland. However, this provision has, as of August 2023, yet to be
1902:
The right was restored by repealing the relevant prohibitions contained in the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994.This was done using a statutory instrument created under the
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3618:
360:
In 2004, the Prison Service was responsible for 130 prisons and employed around 44,000 staff. As of 2009 the number of prisons had risen by one (of which 11 were privately owned).
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HMPPS are rolling out PAVA incapacitant sprays to all male category A-D prisons to help keep our prison officers safe and better maintain control when difficult situations arise.
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The imprisonment rate for England and Wales is the highest in western Europe, and at roughly the "midpoint" worldwide. The prison population numbered 83,165 in August 2018. The
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of black and minority ethnic prisoners that have access to rehabilitation programmes in prison and therefore, increase their chances of re-offending after leaving prison.
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Prison officers working in the Juvenile or Immigration Detention estate wear a 'soft uniform' consisting of a polo shirt opposed to white shirt with black tie.
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1691:, but prison officers were still denied the right to take industrial action. This right was restored in March 2005 to prison officers in the public sector in
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introduced a new probation system that drastically cut down the prison population, while providing a mechanism for the transition back to normal life. The
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525:, was to increase minimum sentences for many offences with deterrent principles of 'hard labour, hard fare, and a hard bed'. In 1877 he encouraged
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Prison officers wear a white shirt and black tie, black trousers, black boots, black 'Nato' jumper or black soft shell fleece-jacket (or both).
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1990:
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enabled the Home Secretary to enact multiple reforms on his own initiative, without going through the politicised process of Parliament. The
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Drug finds in prisons again rose; in the 12 months to March 2019, numbering 18,435; an increase of 41% over the previous alike period.
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objective for prisons seeks "Effective execution of the sentences of the courts so as to reduce re-offending and protect the public".
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has projected that this will rise to 86,400 by March 2023. The government plans to increase the time some prisoners spend in prison.
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who, having visited several hundred prisons across England and Europe, beginning when he was high sheriff of Bedfordshire, published
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The Director General of HMPS, currently Phil Copple, is the administrator of the prison service. The Director General reports to the
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Privately managed prisons were introduced in the 1990s. Currently, there are 15 prisons in the UK run by third parties including:
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including NOMS, is currently in progress with view to bringing all staff terms and conditions across NOMS and HMCTS in line.
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Custodial managers will have direct management of the wing and the line management of the officers and supervising officers.
489:. c. 64) attempted to impose uniformity in the country but local prisons remained under the control of magistrates until the
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59:
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Recent issues affecting the prison system include overcrowding, lower levels of staffing and the increased availability of
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558:. c. 67) prohibited imprisonment under age 14, and strictly limited that of ages 14 to 16. The principal reformer was Sir
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including pilfering. When they ran out of prisons in 1776 they used old sailing vessels which came to be called
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2794:"The Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 (Commencement No. 1, Saving and Transitional Provisions) Order 2015"
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In 2023, the Government reported that now all HM Prison Officers "have access to" body worn video cameras.
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became commissioner, delegating authority and encouraging personal responsibility in the fashion of the
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1770:. The Service, Blunkett said, will be "a new body to provide end-to-end management of all offenders".
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announced that the government was to introduce legislation to remove the right for prison officers in
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government in 1992 laid down that the POA could no longer be a trade union. This was reversed in the
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the previously localised prisons were nationalised in the Home Office under a Prison Commission. The
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1998:
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as a means of hard labour. By 1824, 54 prisons had adopted this means of discipline. Robert Peel's
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614:
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1965:
1940:
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Policing Victorian London: political policing, public order, and the London Metropolitan Police
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As of 2008, rationalisation of the prison management system is underway with the advent of the
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in 1842. By now the end of transportation to Australia and the use of hulks was in sight and
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3123:
2840:"Introducing the use of PAVA spray in prisons - Working in the Prison and Probation Service"
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system. The reaction from the committee set up under the commissioner of prisons, Colonel
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which housed the first one. The movement reached its peak after the first world war when
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2855:"Press release Body-worn video cameras for every prison officer to boost prison safety"
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Early in 2004, it was announced that the Prison Service would be integrated into a new
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and also works closely with the Prisons Minister, a junior ministerial post within the
161:
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2275:
Hero of the Empire: The Boer War, a Daring Escape, and the Making of Winston Churchill
2238:"The Man, the Machine and the Myths: Reconsidering Winston Churchill's Prison Reforms"
1906:, specifically The Regulatory Reform (Prison Officers) (Industrial Action) Order 2005.
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The State of the Prisons in England and Wales with an account of some foreign prisons
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set an ambitious program of prison building with one large prison opening per year.
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1021:
Revised rank insignia with LIDS code and unique identification numbers, 2000–2013
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941:
934:
927:
920:
3191:
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Robert Alan Cooper, "Jeremy Bentham, Elizabeth Fry, and English Prison Reform."
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1135:
1128:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
700:
624:
619:
509:
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Clive House, the current head office of HM Prison Service, the same building as
37:
3172:
The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society
2812:"From Asda to Belmarsh – how government is attracting the best prison officers"
2088:
DouglasHay, "Crime and justice in eighteenth-and nineteenth-century England."
2641:. Government of the United Kingdom (His Majesty's Government). September 2017.
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838:
478:
474:
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17:
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2478:"Prison nurses are ending up in hospital because of levels of 'Spice' fumes"
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2073:"HMPPS Digest: A Summary Published to accompany HMPPS Annual Digest 2018/19"
1828:
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719:
260:
Cleland House (now demolished), the former head office of HM Prison Service
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2603:"Prison building revolution announced by Chancellor and Justice Secretary"
2011:
HM Prison Service Headquarters Cleland House Page Street London, SW1P 4LN.
275:(formerly the National Offender Management Service), which is the part of
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Public sector prison officers (historically known as warders), under the
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2945:"The Regulatory Reform (Prison Officers) (Industrial Action) Order 2005"
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Government service managing most of the prisons within England and Wales
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2546:"Rolf Harris leaves behind gilded lifestyle for vulnerable prison unit"
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Surge in jail population adds to strain on overstretched prison service
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3034:"High court orders prison officers to end protest and go back to work"
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We have already welcomed the abandonment of the Titan prison proposals
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attracted the attention of some reformers and led to the creation of
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system after 1908 was organised to reclaim young offenders, and the
2653:"Life as a prison officer | HM Prison & Probation Service"
2460:'Lynch mob politics': experts denounce plans for longer jail terms
2406:
England and Wales have highest imprisonment rate in western Europe
2130:
Simon Devereaux, "The making of the Penitentiary Act, 1775–1779."
1853:
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1664:
699:, a report commissioned by the Conservative government and led by
255:
243:
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Minister of State for Prisons, Probation and Reducing Reoffending
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Most prison officers, when working on the landings, will carry:
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Release short-term inmates from 'bursting' jails, say governors
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under a single headquarters structure for the first time ever.
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radio – for communication between officers and the control room
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There will be an overall manager of the wing with the title of
3060:"Government wins High Court bid to ban prison officer strikes"
2590:
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1660:
31:
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Victor Bailey, "Churchill As Home-Secretary—Prison Reform."
963:
Rank insignia from the "A Fresh Start" initiative, 1987–2000
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website that prison officers would start to be equipped with
329:, and previously its head office was in Cleland House in the
3553:
3002:"Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008: Section 138"
2317:
Edward Moritz, Jr., "Winston Churchill – Prison Reformer,"
1659:. These are run by three third party contractor companies:
764:"all the powers, authority, protection and privileges of a
617:: cellblocks were designated as 'houses' by name and had a
2667:"Prison Officers Uniforms Case Study | Workwear Suppliers"
2572:
Ageing prison population 'sees officers working as carers'
3281:
Non-police law enforcement agencies of the United Kingdom
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Prison population set to rise despite overcrowding crisis
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continued to publicise the dire state of prisons as did
215:
Neil Richards, Executive Director of Custodial Contracts
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His Majesty's prison service collection is held at the
3619:
Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service
2168:
Eric Stockdale, "The Rise of Joshua Jebb, 1837-1850."
3540:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sentencing
1762:
announced that the Prison Service, together with the
1726:. This legislation was enacted as section 138 of the
1707:
or to prison custody officers in the private sector.
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type are being phased in as part of general issue kit
3240:
Press release from Home Office about re-organisation
2364:"House of Commons - Home Affairs - Written Evidence"
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Sugdens | Corporate Clothing, Uniforms and Workwear
2519:"Prisons to get 'biggest overhaul in a generation'"
1742:Every prison and immigration removal centre has an
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199:
191:
Minister of State for Prisons, Parole and Probation
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3545:Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Victims
3535:Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice
2026:. Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from
3112:"Accountability and Oversight of State Functions"
1099:Current rank insignia introduced from April 2013
776:Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018
3429:Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland
2242:Punishment and Control in Historical Perspective
1754:HMPS in the National Offender Management Service
3525:Minister of State for Courts and Legal Services
855:
793:Each such team is, in many instances, led by a
1679:Questions were raised about the status of the
4129:Law enforcement agencies of England and Wales
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2193:
2156:
1077:Additionally authorised letters could be used
477:for the design of prisons and the use of the
8:
3703:Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
2622:"Prison officer safety equipment rolled out"
1155:Specialist Officers have role identification
134:
3756:
3742:
3734:
3477:
3463:
3455:
3272:
3258:
3250:
3232:
3169:Morris, Norval; Rothman, David J. (1995).
2877:
2875:
1689:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
140:
3127:
2616:
2614:
2612:
1728:Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
1015:and replaced with junior Governor grades.
884:Historic rank insignia in use until 1987
325:It has its head office in Clive House in
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3574:Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority
2774:. Government of the United Kingdom. 2015
2389:"Pilot in prisons seeks to cut violence"
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1839:His Majesty's Young Offender Institution
874:
543:Criminal Justice Administration Act 1914
432:
1932:
1895:
1864:Prison categories in the United Kingdom
1758:On 6 January 2004, then Home Secretary
1013:The Chief Officer grades were abolished
3408:Scottish Environment Protection Agency
3300:Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority
3193:The English Prison and Borstal Systems
3144:"National Offender Management Service"
2756:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2749:
2716:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2709:
831:rigid-bar handcuff – TCH 842 like the
562:, the chair of the Prison Commission.
133:
3014:, 8 May 2008, 2008 c. 4 (s. 138)
1834:His Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons
352:in 2002) is a separate organisation.
7:
3110:Roffee, James A. (1 February 2017).
1768:National Offender Management Service
641:National Offender Management Service
401:as places of temporary confinement.
295:have their own prison services: the
212:Michelle Jarman-Howe, COO of Prisons
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2605:. Government of the United Kingdom.
2181:
417:, takes its name from John Howard.
3654:Parole Board for England and Wales
3146:. Government of the United Kingdom
2976:"Ministers seek prison strike ban"
2044:. Government of the United Kingdom
1766:, was to be integrated into a new
279:charged with managing most of the
25:
3058:McGuinness, Alan (19 July 2017).
3032:Travis, Alan (15 November 2016).
2042:"Prison population figures: 2016"
1079:to indicate specialist functions:
574:in 1906–1914. The key player was
570:Major reforms were championed by
4139:Prison and correctional agencies
3639:Judicial Appointments Commission
3629:Criminal Cases Review Commission
1879:United Kingdom prison population
1806:
1792:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1005:
998:
991:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
845:In 2018, it was reported by the
828:body cameras – worn on the chest
668:United Kingdom prison population
36:
3659:Prisons and Probation Ombudsman
3579:HM Courts and Tribunals Service
3434:Northern Ireland Prison Service
3245:Prison Officer learning program
3085:"Independent Monitoring Boards"
2145:Journal of the History of Ideas
1849:Northern Ireland Prison Service
1107:Operational Support Grade (OSG)
1029:Operational Support Grade (OSG)
825:keys – worn on a long key-chain
819:21” in length, for self-defence
539:Probation of Offenders Act 1907
372:prisoner was £1,083 before the
301:Northern Ireland Prison Service
273:HM Prison and Probation Service
250:HM Prison and Probation Service
47:needs additional citations for
3516:Secretary of State for Justice
3346:Marine Management Organisation
2294:Churchill: The Unexpected Hero
2170:British Journal of Criminology
1968:. His Majesty's Prison Service
1844:List of United Kingdom prisons
415:Howard League for Penal Reform
404:The most notable reformer was
308:Secretary of State for Justice
171:Clive House, 70 Petty France,
71:"His Majesty's Prison Service"
1:
3723:Sentencing Guidelines Council
3594:Office of the Public Guardian
3377:Marine and Fisheries Division
2772:"Prison Act 1952 (Section 8)"
2544:Doward, Jamie (6 July 2014).
2476:Taylor, Rosie (14 May 2018).
209:Phil Copple, Director General
3634:Independent monitoring board
3372:His Majesty's Prison Service
3341:His Majesty's Prison Service
2957:, 21 March 2005, SI 2005/908
2810:Adam, Mark (28 March 2018).
2240:. In Johnston, Helen (ed.).
1744:Independent Monitoring Board
1738:Independent Monitoring Board
1157:letters on their epaulettes:
572:the Liberal Party government
265:His Majesty's Prison Service
135:His Majesty's Prison Service
3398:Health and Safety Executive
3367:Health and Safety Executive
3336:Health and Safety Executive
3175:. Oxford University Press.
2341:vol 35 (March 1985): 10–13.
1822:Galleries of Justice Museum
1746:(IMB), formerly known as a
983:
981:
979:
976:
973:
970:
908:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
413:prison reform charity, the
4160:
3444:Serious Fraud Office (SFO)
3439:Organised Crime Task Force
3382:Serious Fraud Office (SFO)
3351:Serious Fraud Office (SFO)
2368:publications.parliament.uk
2297:. OUP Oxford. p. 51.
1904:Regulatory Reform Act 2001
1776:National Probation Service
1764:National Probation Service
967:
888:
665:
627:and housemasters (renamed
338:British Overseas Territory
3713:Legal Services Commission
3551:
3492:
2351:Morris & Rothman 1995
2321:20#4 (1958), pp. 428-440
2273:Millard, Candice (2016).
2223:The Modern English Prison
2194:Morris & Rothman 1995
2157:Morris & Rothman 1995
2101:Phillip Thurmond Smith,
1154:
1118:
1098:
1076:
1040:
1020:
1011:
962:
898:Principal Prison Officer
883:
851:PAVA incapacitating spray
350:Department of Corrections
139:
3129:10.1177/2158244017690792
2906:"Contracted-out prisons"
2206:Ensor, R. C. K. (1937).
1730:. In November 2016, the
1675:Ban on industrial action
1408:HMP Kirklevington Grange
901:Assistant Chief Officer
578:when he was the Liberal
523:Edmund Frederick du Cane
410:The State of the Prisons
376:(PEA) levy was applied.
277:His Majesty's Government
4134:Penal system in England
3413:Scottish Prison Service
3310:Immigration Enforcement
3190:Fox, Lionel W. (1952).
2395:. BBC. 8 February 2016.
2250:10.1057/9780230583443_6
2236:Bennett, Jamie (2008).
1869:Scottish Prison Service
771:whilst acting as such.
297:Scottish Prison Service
3815:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3558:
3305:HM Revenue and Customs
3122:(1): 215824401769079.
2078:. HMPPS. 25 July 2019.
895:Senior Prison Officer
861:
681:synthetic cannabinoids
441:
261:
253:
4144:Penal system in Wales
3624:Civil Justice Council
3557:
3315:National Crime Agency
3202:10.4324/9781315007854
3196:. London: Routledge.
3012:The National Archives
2955:The National Archives
2147:42.4 (1981): 675–690.
2134:42.2 (1999): 405–433.
2024:"Performance ratings"
1714:In January 2008, the
1172:– healthcare officer
1119:(Specialist Officer)
1094:– healthcare officer
1041:(Specialist Officer)
615:English Public school
605:after the village in
436:
374:Prisoner Earnings Act
259:
247:
3649:Legal Services Board
2115:John Howard (1777),
909:Senior Chief Officer
795:supervising officer.
753:Powers and structure
560:Evelyn Ruggles-Brise
437:Prison hulks in the
319:statement of purpose
180:Minister responsible
56:improve this article
4031:States with limited
3678:Other organisations
3669:Youth Justice Board
3486:Ministry of Justice
2738:on 19 November 2018
2698:on 19 November 2018
2423:"Prison population"
2244:. pp. 95–114.
2221:Fox, J. W. (1934).
1941:"HM Prison Service"
1859:Prison Reform Trust
1574:HMP Wormwood Scrubs
1420:HMP Lancaster Farms
1113:Supervising Officer
880:
815:baton – usually an
674:Ministry of Justice
643:later in the year.
629:assistant governors
331:City of Westminster
312:Ministry of Justice
227:Ministry of Justice
160:England and Wales,
136:
3664:Sentencing Council
3566:Executive agencies
3559:
3331:Environment Agency
3007:legislation.gov.uk
2950:legislation.gov.uk
2910:www.justice.gov.uk
2883:"Working for HMPS"
2636:"The Lammy Review"
2353:, pp. 157–161
2210:. pp. 520–21.
2132:Historical Journal
1657:HMP Northumberland
1633:HMP Lowdham Grange
1264:HMP Channings Wood
1246:HMP/YOI Chelmsford
977:Principal Officer
875:
817:Monadnock AutoLock
801:custodial manager.
713:Recent development
611:Alexander Paterson
506:Pentonville prison
442:
262:
254:
4116:
4115:
3731:
3730:
3718:Tribunals Service
3708:HM Courts Service
3599:Probation Service
3584:HM Prison Service
3452:
3451:
3182:978-0-19-506153-6
2525:. 3 November 2016
2304:978-0-19-160857-5
2259:978-1-349-36180-9
2208:England 1870-1914
2090:Crime and Justice
1995:HM Prison Service
1874:Temporary licence
1748:Board of Visitors
1720:England and Wales
1625:Five Wells Prison
1294:HMP Eastwood Park
1179:Location prefixes
1176:
1175:
1116:Custodial Manager
1038:Principal Officer
877:HM Prison Service
790:within a prison.
597:Herbert Gladstone
576:Winston Churchill
566:Winston Churchill
552:Children Act 1908
459:David Copperfield
346:HM Prison Service
303:, respectively).
285:England and Wales
242:
241:
223:Parent department
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
4151:
4069:Dependencies and
3773:Sovereign states
3758:
3751:
3744:
3735:
3609:Non-departmental
3589:Legal Aid Agency
3496:102 Petty France
3479:
3472:
3465:
3456:
3422:Northern Ireland
3274:
3267:
3260:
3251:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3228:Official website
3215:
3186:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3019:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2982:. 7 January 2008
2972:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2734:. Archived from
2728:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2694:. Archived from
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2585:
2579:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2515:
2509:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2457:
2451:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2335:
2329:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2172:16 (1976): 164+.
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2092:2 (1980): 45–84.
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2030:on 26 July 2009.
2020:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2006:
1997:. Archived from
1987:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1937:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1705:Northern Ireland
1645:HMP Peterborough
1586:Specialist roles
1336:HMP Featherstone
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1009:
1002:
995:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
881:
833:Hiatt speedcuffs
781:whole life order
724:prison governors
697:The Lammy Review
444:Quakers such as
422:Penitentiary Act
293:Northern Ireland
237:Official website
201:Executive Agency
187:The Lord Timpson
150:Executive Agency
144:
137:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4070:
4064:
4050:Northern Cyprus
4032:
4026:
3947:North Macedonia
3768:
3762:
3732:
3727:
3696:former agencies
3695:
3689:
3673:
3610:
3603:
3560:
3549:
3520:Lord Chancellor
3502:
3488:
3483:
3453:
3448:
3417:
3403:Marine Scotland
3386:
3355:
3319:
3283:
3278:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3212:
3189:
3183:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2885:. UK Government
2881:
2880:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2732:"Archived copy"
2730:
2729:
2725:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2692:"Archived copy"
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2582:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2458:
2454:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2404:
2400:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2332:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2163:
2155:
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2142:
2138:
2129:
2125:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2083:
2075:
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2047:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2004:
2002:
2001:on 17 June 2009
1989:
1988:
1984:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1824:in Nottingham.
1812:
1807:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1756:
1740:
1677:
1629:HMP Forest Bank
1613:HMP Bronzefield
1601:
1599:Private prisons
1588:
1492:HMP Pentonville
1468:HMP Morton Hall
1438:HMP Long Lartin
1372:HMP Holme House
1360:HMP Huntercombe
1330:HMP Full Sutton
1324:HMP/YOI Feltham
1312:HMP Foston Hall
1181:
1168:
1167:– works officer
1163:
1158:
1156:
1090:
1089:– works officer
1085:
1080:
1078:
1014:
974:Senior Officer
971:Prison Officer
910:
905:
892:Prison Officer
873:
809:
783:being imposed.
759:Prison Act 1952
755:
740:
715:
710:
708:Prison officers
670:
664:
637:
593:
568:
535:Prison Act 1898
518:
502:Millbank Prison
498:separate system
491:Prison Act 1877
450:Charles Dickens
431:
394:
389:
358:
271:) is a part of
218:
195:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4121:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4071:other entities
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4022:United Kingdom
4019:
4014:
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4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
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3877:
3872:
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3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3835:Czech Republic
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
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3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
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3651:
3646:
3644:Law Commission
3641:
3636:
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3602:
3601:
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3548:
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3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3494:Headquarters:
3493:
3490:
3489:
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3221:
3220:External links
3218:
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3157:
3135:
3102:
3076:
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2081:
2055:
2033:
2015:
1982:
1957:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1908:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:Young offender
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1803:
1800:England portal
1787:
1784:
1760:David Blunkett
1755:
1752:
1739:
1736:
1716:Home Secretary
1676:
1673:
1600:
1597:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1580:HMP Wandsworth
1576:
1570:
1568:HMP Winchester
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1480:HMP Nottingham
1476:
1470:
1464:
1462:HMP Manchester
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1258:HMP Coldingley
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1222:HMP Birmingham
1218:
1216:HMP Bullingdon
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:Prison Officer
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:Senior Officer
1033:
1032:Prison Officer
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
985:
984:
982:
980:
978:
975:
972:
969:
965:
964:
960:
959:
952:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
913:
912:
907:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
886:
885:
879:rank insignia
872:
869:
843:
842:
836:
829:
826:
823:
820:
808:
805:
754:
751:
739:
736:
714:
711:
709:
706:
663:
662:Current issues
660:
636:
633:
595:In 1894–1895,
592:
591:Borstal system
589:
580:Home Secretary
567:
564:
517:
514:
483:Gaols Act 1823
470:Samuel Romilly
456:in his novels
430:
427:
393:
390:
388:
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357:
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240:
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234:
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18:Prison service
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4:
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2:
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4055:South Ossetia
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3256:
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3219:
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3211:9781136266386
3207:
3203:
3199:
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3013:
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2537:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2483:
2482:The Telegraph
2479:
2472:
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2450:
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2437:
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2390:
2384:
2381:
2369:
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2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2339:History Today
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:The Historian
2314:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2289:Addison, Paul
2284:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2196:, p. 153
2195:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1804:
1801:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:strike action
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:, but not in
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:HMP Thameside
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:HMP Doncaster
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:HMP Altcourse
1598:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1562:HMP Whitemoor
1559:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1544:HMP Wakefield
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1474:HMP The Mount
1471:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1444:HMP Liverpool
1441:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1432:HMP Lindholme
1429:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:HMP Highpoint
1393:
1391:
1390:HMP High Down
1387:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:HMP Frankland
1315:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1288:HMP Erlestoke
1285:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:HMP Brinsford
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:HMP Wakefield
1189:
1187:
1186:HMP Aylesbury
1183:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1162:– dog handler
1161:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:– dog handler
1083:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
987:
986:
966:
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
922:
918:
915:
914:
904:Chief Officer
887:
882:
878:
871:Rank insignia
870:
868:
865:
860:
859:
854:
852:
848:
840:
837:
834:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:
812:
806:
804:
802:
797:
796:
791:
789:
784:
782:
777:
772:
770:
769:
767:
760:
752:
750:
746:
743:
737:
735:
733:
727:
725:
721:
712:
707:
705:
702:
698:
693:
689:
686:
682:
677:
675:
669:
661:
659:
655:
651:
649:
644:
642:
634:
632:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:
598:
590:
588:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
540:
536:
530:
528:
524:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:The American
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
467:
466:
465:Little Dorrit
461:
460:
455:
451:
447:
446:Elizabeth Fry
440:
435:
428:
426:
423:
418:
416:
411:
407:
402:
400:
391:
386:
384:
381:
377:
375:
369:
365:
361:
355:
353:
351:
348:(renamed the
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
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320:
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208:
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202:
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170:
166:
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155:
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147:
143:
138:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4060:Transnistria
3685:Crown Office
3583:
3371:
3340:
3295:Border Force
3192:
3171:
3148:. Retrieved
3138:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3088:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3063:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3038:The Guardian
3037:
3027:
3016:, retrieved
3005:
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2979:
2970:
2959:, retrieved
2948:
2939:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2909:
2899:
2887:. Retrieved
2862:. Retrieved
2858:
2848:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2766:
2740:. Retrieved
2736:the original
2726:
2700:. Retrieved
2696:the original
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2647:
2630:
2597:
2583:
2574:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:The Guardian
2549:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2522:
2513:
2506:The Guardian
2504:
2497:
2487:11 September
2485:. Retrieved
2481:
2471:
2464:The Guardian
2462:
2455:
2448:The Guardian
2446:
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2417:
2410:The Guardian
2408:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2367:
2358:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2318:
2313:
2293:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2241:
2231:
2222:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2189:
2184:, p. 46
2177:
2169:
2164:
2159:, p. 97
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2046:. Retrieved
2036:
2028:the original
2018:
2010:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:the original
1994:
1991:"Contact us"
1985:
1977:
1970:. Retrieved
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1944:
1935:
1911:
1898:
1819:
1814:Wales portal
1780:
1772:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1713:
1709:
1685:Conservative
1678:
1649:HMP Rye Hill
1621:HMP Dovegate
1609:HMP Ashfield
1602:
1593:
1589:
1550:HMP Wealstun
1510:HMP Stafford
1486:HMP Portland
1456:HMP Moorland
1402:HMP/YOI Isis
1354:HMP Haverigg
1282:HMP Downview
1276:HMP Deerbolt
1204:HMP Belmarsh
1169:
1164:
1159:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1012:
866:
862:
857:
856:
844:
841:– see below.
810:
800:
798:
794:
792:
785:
773:
763:
762:
756:
747:
744:
741:
728:
716:
694:
690:
678:
671:
656:
652:
648:Titan Prison
645:
638:
635:21st century
628:
625:open prisons
618:
600:
594:
584:Paul Addison
569:
531:
519:
504:in 1816 and
495:
463:
457:
443:
439:River Thames
429:19th century
419:
409:
403:
398:
395:
392:18th century
382:
378:
370:
366:
362:
359:
349:
335:
324:
316:
305:
268:
264:
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168:Headquarters
157:Jurisdiction
118:
109:
99:
92:
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78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
4098:Isle of Man
4033:recognition
4007:Switzerland
3942:Netherlands
3694:Significant
3500:Westminster
3150:10 November
3095:10 November
3043:24 November
2986:10 November
2889:31 December
2778:10 November
2742:19 November
2702:19 November
2557:10 November
2529:17 November
2005:13 February
1637:HMP Oakwood
1556:HMP Wayland
1528:HMP Swansea
1516:HMP Stocken
1498:HMP Preston
1426:HMP Lincoln
1252:HMP Cardiff
1240:HMP Brixton
1210:HMP Bristol
1198:HMP Bedford
906:(Grade II)
701:David Lammy
620:housemaster
510:Joshua Jebb
406:John Howard
4123:Categories
3977:San Marino
3937:Montenegro
3917:Luxembourg
3897:Kazakhstan
3800:Azerbaijan
3089:imb.org.uk
2853:MoJ, MoJ.
1950:5 December
1927:References
1732:High Court
1504:HMP Risley
1384:HMP Humber
1366:HMP Hewell
1306:HMP Exeter
1300:HMP Elmley
1270:HMP Durham
1234:HMP Berwyn
911:(Grade I)
839:PAVA spray
774:Under the
720:Bath stars
666:See also:
479:treadwheel
475:Panopticon
454:Marshalsea
452:about the
333:, London.
203:executives
175:, SW1H 9AJ
82:newspapers
4088:Gibraltar
3912:Lithuania
3767:in Europe
3508:Ministers
3116:SAGE Open
3069:24 August
3018:24 August
2961:24 August
2821:31 August
2429:14 August
1917:commenced
1829:HM Prison
1522:HMP Styal
1450:HMP Lewes
1414:HMP Leeds
1348:HMP Garth
1124:Insignia
1046:Insignia
988:Insignia
916:Insignia
807:Equipment
766:constable
732:epaulette
650:concept.
516:1860–1914
356:Operation
112:June 2020
4108:Svalbard
4093:Guernsey
4040:Abkhazia
3992:Slovenia
3987:Slovakia
3962:Portugal
3820:Bulgaria
3391:Scotland
3288:National
3064:Sky News
2980:BBC News
2915:20 April
2752:cite web
2712:cite web
2676:20 April
2523:BBC News
2393:BBC News
2373:20 April
2327:24437567
2291:(2005).
2182:Fox 1952
1972:20 April
1786:See also
1722:to take
1701:Scotland
1641:HMP Parc
1538:Prescoed
1378:HMP Hull
1342:HMP Ford
738:Uniforms
556:8 Edw. 7
527:Disraeli
487:4 Geo. 4
299:and the
289:Scotland
152:overview
4017:Ukraine
3967:Romania
3927:Moldova
3885:Ireland
3880:Iceland
3875:Hungary
3865:Germany
3860:Georgia
3850:Finland
3845:Estonia
3840:Denmark
3825:Croatia
3810:Belgium
3805:Belarus
3795:Austria
3790:Armenia
3785:Andorra
3780:Albania
3765:Prisons
3324:England
3163:Sources
2864:13 June
2105:(1985).
2048:30 June
1693:England
1534:HMP Usk
761:, have
602:Borstal
548:Borstal
387:History
342:Bermuda
283:within
281:prisons
233:Website
96:scholar
4103:Jersey
4045:Kosovo
4012:Turkey
4002:Sweden
3982:Serbia
3972:Russia
3957:Poland
3952:Norway
3932:Monaco
3902:Latvia
3870:Greece
3855:France
3830:Cyprus
3208:
3179:
3091:. 2015
2931:"Home"
2904:HMPS.
2859:gov.uk
2816:Gov.uk
2325:
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2256:
1966:"Home"
1945:GOV.UK
1669:Sodexo
847:GOV UK
685:drones
327:London
173:London
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4078:Åland
3997:Spain
3922:Malta
3892:Italy
3360:Wales
2639:(PDF)
2425:. BBC
2323:JSTOR
2076:(PDF)
1890:Notes
1854:OASys
1697:Wales
1665:Serco
1104:Rank
1026:Rank
968:Rank
889:Rank
399:hulks
103:JSTOR
89:books
3518:and
3206:ISBN
3177:ISBN
3152:2015
3097:2015
3071:2023
3045:2016
3020:2023
2988:2015
2963:2023
2917:2021
2891:2015
2866:2023
2823:2022
2780:2015
2758:link
2744:2018
2718:link
2704:2018
2678:2021
2559:2015
2531:2016
2489:2018
2431:2018
2375:2021
2299:ISBN
2254:ISBN
2050:2016
2007:2010
1974:2021
1952:2021
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