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Probabilism

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417: 391: 199:, "safer"), which holds that in case of doubt one must take the morally safer side. A more radical view, "minus probabilissimus", holds that an action is permissible if a single opinion allowing that action is available, even if the overwhelming weight of opinion proscribes it. 100:
In modern usage, a probabilist is someone who believes that central epistemological issues are best approached using probabilities. This thesis is neutral with respect to whether knowledge entails certainty or whether skepticism about knowledge is true.
49:. It holds that in the absence of certainty, plausibility or truth-likeness is the best criterion. The term can also refer to a 17th-century religious thesis about ethics, or a modern physical–philosophical thesis. 297:
Book I, Chapter 33, Section 231 "...we differ from the New Academy; for whereas the men who profess to conform to its doctrine use probability as the guide of life, we live in an undogmatic way...."
76:, probabilism referred to the doctrine which gives assistance in ordinary matters to one who is skeptical in respect of the possibility of real knowledge: it supposes that though 352: 202:
The doctrine became particularly popular at the start of the 17th century, as it could be used to support almost any position. By mid-century, such thinking, termed
348: 437: 191:, "more likely"), which holds that when there is a preponderance of evidence on one side of a controversy one is obliged to follow that side, and 432: 459: 275: 401: 158: 484: 374: 20: 479: 105: 489: 147: 474: 113: 81: 73: 406: 318: 135: 170: 151: 125: 109: 63: 46: 342: 370: 271: 265: 261: 176: 290: 131: 226: 216: 184: 312: 468: 428: 423: 395: 231: 166: 80:, a man may rely on strong beliefs in practical affairs. This view was held by the 241: 221: 85: 143: 89: 77: 31: 192: 139: 67: 236: 27: 441:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 376. 162: 203: 394: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 422:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
311: 39: 447:
The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal
367:
The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal
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For probabilists practicing mathematical probability theory, see
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Probabilist doctrines continue to be debated in the context of
183:, as leading to moral laxity. Opposed to probabilism is 270:. Kessinger Publishing's rare reprints. p. 251. 45:, to test, approve) is an ancient Greek doctrine of 157:This view was advanced by the Spanish theologian 154:, even if the opposite opinion is more probable. 88:. Academic skeptics accept probabilism, while 449:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), ch. 4 16:Ancient Greek doctrine of academic skepticism 8: 351:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 347:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 150:, for example is approved by a recognized 146:one may safely follow a doctrine that is 369:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), 253: 340: 138:, it refers especially to the view in 7: 460:PhilosophyProfessor.com: Probabilism 410:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 322:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 305: 303: 400:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 108:, as a counterpoint to the use of 14: 310:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 161:(1527–1581) and defended by many 21:List of mathematical probabilists 415: 389: 377:, "The Scandal of Laxism" p. 83. 333:LigourĂ­, Alphonsus, St. (1852). 206:, was recognized as scandalous. 165:. It was heavily criticised by 106:artificial general intelligence 1: 337:. Paris. pp. No. 12, 69. 142:that in difficult matters of 267:The Dictionary of Philosophy 506: 123: 61: 18: 112:, as the proper form for 485:Epistemological theories 114:knowledge representation 74:ancient Greek philosophy 480:Catholic moral theology 438:Encyclopædia Britannica 78:knowledge is impossible 295:Outlines of Pyrrhonism 407:Catholic Encyclopedia 319:Catholic Encyclopedia 177:St. Alphonsus LigourĂ­ 152:Doctor of the Church 126:Catholic probabilism 490:Academic skepticism 313:"Probabilism"  159:BartolomĂ© de Medina 110:non-monotonic logic 90:Pyrrhonian skeptics 64:Academic skepticism 47:academic skepticism 262:Runes, Dagobert D. 172:Provincial Letters 335:Theologia Moralis 277:978-1-4286-1310-2 181:Theologia Moralis 116:remains unclear. 497: 475:Religious ethics 442: 421: 419: 418: 411: 393: 392: 378: 363: 357: 356: 346: 338: 330: 324: 323: 315: 307: 298: 291:Sextus Empiricus 288: 282: 281: 258: 505: 504: 500: 499: 498: 496: 495: 494: 465: 464: 456: 431:, ed. (1911). " 427: 416: 414: 399: 390: 386: 381: 364: 360: 339: 332: 331: 327: 309: 308: 301: 289: 285: 278: 260: 259: 255: 251: 246: 227:Equiprobabilism 217:Compensationism 212: 128: 122: 98: 70: 60: 55: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 503: 501: 493: 492: 487: 482: 477: 467: 466: 463: 462: 455: 454:External links 452: 451: 450: 443: 429:Chisholm, Hugh 412: 385: 382: 380: 379: 358: 325: 299: 283: 276: 252: 250: 247: 245: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 213: 211: 208: 185:probabiliorism 132:moral theology 124:Main article: 121: 118: 97: 94: 59: 56: 54: 51: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 502: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 472: 470: 461: 458: 457: 453: 448: 445:J. Franklin, 444: 440: 439: 434: 430: 425: 424:public domain 413: 409: 408: 403: 397: 396:public domain 388: 387: 383: 376: 375:0-8018-7109-3 372: 368: 365:J. Franklin, 362: 359: 354: 350: 344: 336: 329: 326: 321: 320: 314: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 287: 284: 279: 273: 269: 268: 263: 257: 254: 248: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 232:Indeterminism 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 214: 209: 207: 205: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 173: 168: 167:Blaise Pascal 164: 160: 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 134:, especially 133: 127: 119: 117: 115: 111: 107: 102: 95: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 69: 65: 57: 52: 50: 48: 44: 41: 37: 33: 29: 22: 446: 436: 405: 366: 361: 334: 328: 317: 294: 286: 266: 256: 201: 196: 188: 180: 171: 156: 129: 103: 99: 71: 42: 35: 25: 433:Probabilism 402:Probabilism 242:Probability 222:Determinism 189:probabilior 86:New Academy 36:probabilism 469:Categories 249:References 144:conscience 62:See also: 53:Philosophy 32:philosophy 343:cite book 193:tutiorism 140:casuistry 68:Carneades 264:(2006). 237:Ontology 210:See also 148:probable 136:Catholic 120:Theology 92:do not. 82:skeptics 28:theology 426::  398::  384:Sources 195:(Latin 187:(Latin 179:in his 175:and by 169:in his 163:Jesuits 84:of the 58:Ancient 43:probare 420:  373:  274:  204:Laxism 197:tutior 96:Modern 38:(from 40:Latin 371:ISBN 353:link 349:link 272:ISBN 66:and 30:and 435:". 404:". 130:In 72:In 26:In 471:: 345:}} 341:{{ 316:. 302:^ 293:, 34:, 355:) 280:. 23:.

Index

List of mathematical probabilists
theology
philosophy
Latin
academic skepticism
Academic skepticism
Carneades
ancient Greek philosophy
knowledge is impossible
skeptics
New Academy
Pyrrhonian skeptics
artificial general intelligence
non-monotonic logic
knowledge representation
Catholic probabilism
moral theology
Catholic
casuistry
conscience
probable
Doctor of the Church
Bartolomé de Medina
Jesuits
Blaise Pascal
Provincial Letters
St. Alphonsus LigourĂ­
probabiliorism
tutiorism
Laxism

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