1669:
431:
144:
1680:
1675:
131:
1003:
786:
911:
Degrange, Federico J.; Tambussi, Claudia P.; Taglioretti, MatĂas L.; Dondas, Alejandro; Scaglia, Fernando (2015-03-04). "A new
Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds".
466:, but differs from this genus in both size and a more robust build. This more robust build can be attributed to a slight difference in the ratio between the bones of the legs, with the thigh being comparatively shorter in
787:"First record of Procariama simplex Rovereto, 1914 (Phorusrhacidae, Psilopterinae) in the Cerro Azul Formation (upper Miocene) of La Pampa Province; remarks on its anatomy, palaeogeography and chronological range"
478:. In the tarsometatarsus, the hypotarsus has two protrusions, one laterally and one medially, in its most proximal portion. These protrusions look like two crests, which is different from the condition in both
493:
and lived during the same geological period, making fossils of the two easily confused. This happened, for example, in the original publication by
Rovereto.
1815:
1746:
1810:
1045:
1845:
1668:
533:, consisting of a femur missing its distal end, the distal part of the left tarsometatarsus and a few pedal phalanges. Secondly we have
414:
bones of the nearly complete left foot, and fragments of the toe bones of the right foot. The genus name was first published in 1914 by
973:
LaBarge, T. W.; Gardner, J. D.; Organ, C. L. (2024). "The evolution and ecology of gigantism in terror birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)".
1805:
1840:
1835:
859:
1038:
143:
1830:
894:
Museo
Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires.; Aires, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos (1911).
1800:
332:
1825:
1699:
1031:
328:
1772:
1759:
262:
415:
1820:
1679:
921:
798:
324:
1628:
336:
1313:
442:
Reaching about 70 centimetres (2.3 ft) in height and 10 kilograms (22 lb) in body mass,
430:
1598:
1390:
1320:
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1163:
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599:
568:
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340:
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1023:
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344:
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352:
312:
221:
195:
81:
42:
959:
872:
1547:
1510:
1472:
1237:
308:
561:
is traditionally placed in the subfamily
Psilopterinae, but in the description of
933:
895:
810:
1731:
1607:
1584:
1496:
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1086:
661:
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392:
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155:
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50:
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1716:
1503:
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1245:
1074:
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175:
96:
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61:
34:
1751:
1517:
1363:
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554:
294:
130:
111:
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30:
1068:
384:
376:
320:
165:
1693:
900:. Vol. 25. Buenos Aires: Impr. y Casa Editora "Juan A. Alsina".
1080:
446:
was one of the smaller phorusrhacids. However, it was larger than
429:
388:
372:
300:
575:. In 2024, it was reclassified as a member of the Psilopterinae.
506:, the red-legged seriema, which is a genus of small, carnivorous
517:. It is also the closest living relative of the Phorusrhachids.
507:
403:
400:
185:
1697:
1105:
1027:
852:"Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes)"
411:
897:
Anales del Museo
Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires
537:, an exquisitely preserved and nearly complete skeleton.
529:
are known in addition to the lectotype. Firstly, there's
975:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
850:
Alvarenga, Herculano M.F.; Höfling, Elizabeth (2003),
1625:
1595:
1565:
1528:
1484:
1436:
1424:
1408:
1397:
1386:
1376:
1331:
1280:
1257:
1218:
1195:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1148:
1137:
1127:
791:
456:, and other members of the subfamily Psilopterinae.
371:) is a partial skeleton consisting of an incomplete
323:
of the animal have been found in six places, in the
1706:
1624:
1594:
1564:
1527:
1483:
1435:
1423:
1353:
1330:
1279:
1256:
1217:
1194:
1118:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
553:, the only modern representatives of which are the
780:
778:
776:
438:(bottom left) compared to 3 other Phorusrhacids.
474:are also proportionally smaller than those of
1039:
420:Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural
8:
496:The genus name of the animal means “before
1694:
1480:
1432:
1115:
1102:
1046:
1032:
1024:
129:
20:
941:
818:
395:, proximal and distal parts of the right
351:, is the largest member of the subfamily
772:
331:Formations. More specifically in the
7:
889:
887:
653:
629:
605:
595:
588:
578:
914:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
470:. Next to this, the wing bones of
14:
1678:
1673:
1667:
567:, it is placed in the subfamily
343:, with a single location in the
142:
1816:Pliocene birds of South America
873:10.1590/S0031-10492003000400001
1811:Miocene birds of South America
785:Vezzosi, RaĂşl Ignacio (2012),
1:
1846:Fossil taxa described in 1914
489:The genus is very similar to
347:. The type and only species,
934:10.1080/02724634.2014.912656
811:10.1080/03115518.2011.597657
391:, distal parts of the right
315:(11-2 million years ago) of
638:Mesembriornis milneedwardsi
1862:
860:Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
502:”, referring to the genus
1664:
1114:
1101:
1063:
1004:Supplementary Information
743:
719:
675:
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651:
634:
627:
610:
603:
593:
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268:
261:
139:Scientific classification
137:
128:
23:
1806:Extinct flightless birds
1058:and their extinct allies
545:Like all phorusrhacids,
335:and in the north of the
307:, which lived from the
987:10.1098/rspb.2024.0235
614:Mesembriornis incertus
439:
16:Extinct genus of birds
1773:Paleobiology Database
1760:Paleobiology Database
571:as a sister taxon of
549:is part of the order
433:
1841:Cerro Azul Formation
1836:Fossils of Argentina
745:Other phorusrhacids
564:Llallawavis scagliai
462:is quite similar to
359:History of Discovery
926:2015JVPal..35E2656D
803:2012Alch...36..157V
525:Three specimens of
333:Andagalá department
1708:Procariama simplex
1599:Mesembriornithinae
1261:Eleutherornithidae
981:(2021). 20240235.
600:Mesembriornithinae
569:Mesembriornithinae
440:
387:parts of the left
349:Procariama simplex
341:Catamarca province
275:Procariama simplex
1831:Neogene Argentina
1788:
1787:
1700:Taxon identifiers
1691:
1690:
1687:
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1662:
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1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1199:Ameghinornithidae
763:
762:
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732:
731:
708:
707:
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698:
690:
689:
416:Cayetano Rovereto
363:The lectotype of
345:La Pampa province
286:
285:
242:
1853:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1755:
1754:
1742:
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1727:
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1725:
1695:
1682:
1677:
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1627:
1597:
1567:
1530:
1486:
1481:
1465:Paleopsilopterus
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1433:
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993: 11040249.
970:
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484:Paleopsilopterus
453:Paleopsilopterus
337:Belén department
277:
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147:
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53:
29:Temporal range:
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1590:
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1532:Patagornithinae
1523:
1479:
1428:Phorusrhacoidea
1419:
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397:tarsometatarsus
361:
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11:
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1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Phorusrhacidae
1793:
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1782:
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1756:
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1704:
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1660:
1659:
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1633:
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1629:Physornithinae
1622:
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1618:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1592:
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1573:
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1534:
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1507:
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1492:
1490:
1488:Phorusrhacinae
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1461:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1440:Phorusrhacidae
1430:
1421:
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1418:
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1406:
1395:
1384:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1357:
1351:
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1339:
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1328:
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1325:
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1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
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1277:
1276:
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1273:
1265:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1222:Bathornithidae
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1146:
1135:
1124:
1122:
1120:incertae sedis
1112:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:Genus Taxonomy
1014:
1013:External links
1011:
1008:
1007:
965:
920:(2): e912656.
903:
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797:(2): 157–169,
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583:Phorusrhacidae
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541:Classification
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521:Known material
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281:Rovereto, 1914
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35:Early Pliocene
28:
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3:
2:
1858:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
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1829:
1827:
1826:Montehermosan
1824:
1822:
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1807:
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1799:
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1645:Paraphysornis
1642:
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1623:
1617:
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1615:Mesembriornis
1612:
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1600:
1593:
1587:
1586:
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1580:
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1569:Psilopterinae
1563:
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1541:Andalgalornis
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1311:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1284:Idiornithidae
1278:
1272:
1271:
1270:Eleutherornis
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1248:
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1158:
1155:
1154:
1147:
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1136:
1134:
1133:
1132:Elaphrocnemus
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:Cariamiformes
1104:
1100:
1094:
1093:Cariamiformes
1090:
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1078:
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1062:
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749:
746:
741:
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724:
723:
722:Psilopterinae
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703:
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551:Cariamiformes
548:
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515:South America
512:
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491:Mesembriornis
487:
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434:The skull of
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263:Binomial name
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68:
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52:
44:
43:Montehermosan
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1707:
1643:
1636:
1613:
1606:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1553:
1548:Andrewsornis
1546:
1539:
1516:
1511:Phorusrhacos
1509:
1502:
1495:
1473:Patagorhacos
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1411:
1400:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1362:
1342:
1319:
1314:Occitaniavis
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1268:
1244:
1238:Eutreptornis
1236:
1229:
1206:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1130:
1119:
1085:Superorder:
978:
974:
968:
917:
913:
906:
896:
876:, retrieved
867:(4): 55–91,
864:
858:
824:, retrieved
794:
790:
744:
720:
678:
677:
676:
660:
659:
636:
635:
612:
611:
572:
563:
558:
546:
544:
534:
530:
526:
524:
503:
497:
495:
490:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:
451:
447:
443:
441:
435:
419:
368:
364:
362:
348:
309:Late Miocene
305:phorusrhacid
289:
288:
287:
274:
269:
253:
252:
235:
234:
31:Late Miocene
24:
18:
1821:Huayquerian
1732:Wikispecies
1608:Llallawavis
1585:Psilopterus
1497:Devincenzia
1391:Pseudolarus
1321:Propelargus
1184:Lavocatavis
1164:Similiornis
1087:Australaves
943:11336/38650
820:11336/79987
662:Llallawavis
573:Llallawavis
480:Psilopterus
476:Psilopterus
464:Psilopterus
448:Psilopterus
426:Description
393:tibiotarsus
215:Subfamily:
49:6.8–4
39:Huayquerian
1795:Categories
1738:Procariama
1578:Procariama
1555:Patagornis
1449:Brontornis
1413:Smiliornis
1381:Miocariama
1355:Cariamidae
1335:Salmilidae
1208:Strigogyps
1174:Talantatos
1153:Itaboravis
1142:Gradiornis
1054:Genera of
878:2017-10-01
826:2017-10-01
767:References
679:Procariama
559:Procariama
547:Procariama
535:FM-P 14525
527:Procariama
472:Procariama
468:Procariama
460:Procariama
444:Procariama
436:Procariama
365:Procariama
329:Andalhuala
325:Cerro Azul
290:Procariama
236:Procariama
25:Procariama
1638:Physornis
1457:Macrornis
1307:Oblitavis
1293:Gypsornis
1231:Bathornis
1067:Kingdom:
952:0272-4634
531:MACN-6939
369:MACN-8225
317:Argentina
298:monotypic
247:Species:
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
1723:Q2361775
1717:Wikidata
1504:Kelenken
1300:Idiornis
1246:Paracrax
1075:Chordata
1073:Phylum:
1069:Animalia
1056:Seriemas
999:38654650
960:85212917
555:seriemas
410:bearing
406:and the
381:proximal
202:Family:
176:Chordata
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
1752:4850885
1518:Titanis
1402:Riacama
1364:Cariama
1344:Salmila
1091:Clade:
1079:Class:
922:Bibcode
799:Bibcode
504:Cariama
499:Cariama
339:of the
321:Fossils
311:to the
295:extinct
272:†
251:†
228:Genus:
192:Order:
182:Class:
118:↓
1778:181130
1765:181129
1371:Chunga
997:
958:
950:
511:native
385:distal
377:pelvis
293:is an
956:S2CID
855:(PDF)
404:bones
389:femur
373:skull
301:genus
1747:GBIF
1081:Aves
995:PMID
948:ISSN
508:bird
482:and
408:nail
401:foot
383:and
375:, a
327:and
186:Aves
57:Preęž’
991:PMC
983:doi
979:291
938:hdl
930:doi
869:doi
815:hdl
807:doi
513:to
418:in
412:toe
303:of
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1762::
1749::
1734::
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989:.
977:.
954:.
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928:.
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916:.
886:^
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813:,
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793:,
789:,
775:^
557:.
486:.
450:,
422:.
399:,
379:,
355:.
319:.
107:Pg
51:Ma
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1001:.
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940::
932::
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871::
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367:(
232:â€
219:â€
206:â€
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:ęž’
45:)
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37:(
33:-
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