25:
697:", frequently misconstrued as a measure of CPU speed, like a benchmark, but it does not actually measure any sensible (for end-users) value at all. It occurs as a side-effect of kernel timer calibration and yields highly varying values depending on CPU type, even at equal clock speeds.
357:
implemented a process file system, but went further than V8. V8's process file system implemented a single file per process. Plan 9 created a hierarchy of separate files to provide those functions, and made /proc a real part of the file system.
795:. If both values for a CPU package are the same, then hyper-threading is not supported. For instance, a CPU package with siblings=2 and "cpu cores"=2 is a dual-core CPU but does not support hyper-threading.
972:, because it is necessary for routing firewalls or tunnels. The file contains either a '1' or a '0': if it is 1, the IPv4 stack forwards packets not meant for the local host, if it is 0 then it does not.
139:
and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional
3254:
1141:
883:, a symlink to self/mounts which contains a list of the currently mounted devices and their mount points (and which file system is in use and what mount options are in use).
2772:
2719:
1185:
298:
filesystem, but a subsequent incremental version of it did. It only contained files representing the processes rather than the now common subdirectories.
294:
The original AT&T System V Release 3 (SVR3) operating system (available internally to AT&T in 1986 and generally in 1987) did not come with the
346:. Between 1995 and 1996, Roger Faulkner created the procfs-2 interface for Solaris-2.6 that offers a structured /proc filesystem with sub-directories.
379:
interface instead for process-related information. To provide binary compatibility with Linux user space programs, the FreeBSD kernel also provides
1216:
3249:
611:
also includes non-process-related system information, although in the 2.6 kernel much of that information moved to a separate pseudo-file system,
1428:
1403:
3244:
3048:
3019:
1073:
3234:
769:
On multi-core CPUs, /proc/cpuinfo contains the fields for "siblings" and "cpu cores" which represent the following calculation is applied:
2660:
2135:
2650:
1821:
1630:
1012:
version number (used to build the kernel) and any other pertinent information relating to the version of the kernel currently running
2272:
877:, containing a list of the kernel modules currently loaded . It gives some indication (not always entirely correct) of dependencies.
648:
513:, a symlink to the root path as seen by the process. For most processes this will be a link to / unless the process is running in a
108:
1338:
2823:
2767:
1938:
1660:
1620:
2742:
2712:
155:
at boot time. The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures about running processes in the kernel. In
3239:
2935:
2833:
681:, such as its vendor (and CPU family, model and model names which should allow users to identify the CPU) and its speed (CPU
373:
from Plan 9. As of
February 2011, procfs is gradually becoming phased out in FreeBSD, and it has turned to use the
183:
46:
1093:
403:/proc in Solaris was available from the beginning (June 1992). Solaris 2.6 in 1996 introduced procfs2 from Roger Faulkner.
3213:
2762:
2747:
1717:
2808:
2793:
2752:
2655:
2071:
1645:
1375:
412:
2974:
2921:
2576:
2424:
2356:
1650:
1457:
1335:- Plan 9 greatly expanded the procfs concept, providing a much expanded interface to control and manipulate processes.
979:
387:
in version 5.7, which was released in May 2015, because it "always suffered from race conditions and is now unused".
229:
225:
467:
file, if it still exists (a process may continue running after its original executable has been deleted or replaced).
89:
1298:
2989:
2828:
2705:
2461:
2451:
2441:
1833:
1423:
1396:
171:
61:
35:
3024:
2843:
2803:
2798:
2757:
419:
159:, it can also be used to obtain information about the kernel and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime (
144:
1193:
3067:
2954:
2818:
2526:
2379:
2282:
2227:
2102:
1958:
1727:
68:
1242:
2813:
2625:
2581:
2563:
2262:
2252:
1707:
1009:
678:
638:
42:
772:"siblings" = (HT per CPU package) * (# of cores per CPU package) "cpu cores" = (# of cores per CPU package)
3201:
3140:
3029:
3009:
2958:
2916:
2471:
2436:
2374:
1853:
1673:
1537:
1467:
1123:
322:
2984:
2950:
2852:
2788:
2607:
2516:
2466:
2409:
2155:
2125:
2076:
2028:
1928:
1901:
1778:
1668:
1581:
1472:
1389:
1220:
354:
199:
75:
1357:
415:, September 1992, and first began expanding it to non-process related data in v0.98.6, December 1992.
3181:
3155:
2681:
2642:
2456:
2186:
2175:
2150:
2087:
1791:
1608:
1598:
1554:
1519:
483:, a directory containing entries which describe the position and flags for each open file descriptor.
1002:, the length of time the kernel has been running since boot and spent in idle mode (both in seconds)
306:
257:
3150:
3102:
2979:
2686:
2632:
2571:
2160:
1828:
1769:
1685:
136:
57:
631:, which predate sysfs and contain various bits of information about the state of power management.
3087:
2994:
2676:
2538:
2501:
2414:
2140:
2130:
2115:
2056:
1886:
1549:
1542:
1529:
1482:
936:
538:
318:
140:
1369:
689:. The format and available information is highly architecture-depended. On some architectures,
310:
269:
3196:
3145:
3077:
3034:
2875:
2491:
2431:
2267:
1953:
1923:
1915:
1784:
1680:
1655:
1477:
1069:
1063:
989:
908:
448:
418:
As of 2020, the Linux implementation includes a directory for each running process, including
808:, a list of character and block devices sorted by device ID but giving the major part of the
3176:
2728:
2511:
2419:
2217:
1867:
1811:
1500:
1020:
1015:
other files depending on various hardware, module configurations, and changes to the kernel.
858:
1344:
546:
3120:
3082:
3053:
2620:
2533:
2041:
1435:
893:, which lists existing network connections (particularly useful for tracking routing when
843:
788:
474:
818:, giving some information (including device numbers) for each of the logical disk devices
430:
is the process number. Each directory contains information about one process, including:
1363:
3206:
3130:
3092:
2964:
2521:
2506:
2446:
1624:
1495:
686:
500:
261:
962:
appear directories representing the areas of kernel, containing readable and writable
3228:
3072:
2911:
2865:
2551:
2496:
2170:
2110:
1969:
791:
and dual-core, i.e. the number of hyper-threads per CPU package can be calculated by
444:
167:
523:
contains basic information about a process including its run state and memory usage.
82:
2999:
2615:
2323:
1911:
1878:
1816:
1796:
963:
889:, a directory containing useful information about the network stack, in particular
457:
contains the names and values of the environment variables that affect the process.
218:
156:
945:, listing statistics on the caches for frequently-used objects in the Linux kernel
597:# List executable used to launch the most recently started `python3' process
282:
system call used for process tracing. Detailed documentation can be found in the
1273:
3125:
3107:
2890:
2880:
2870:
2313:
1412:
1101:
842:, giving some details about the devices (physical or logical) using the various
241:
148:
24:
2591:
2389:
682:
570:# List all file descriptors of the most recently started `python3' process
490:
464:
179:
647:, containing directories representing various buses on the computer, such as
3062:
2969:
2895:
2860:
2546:
2287:
2165:
1896:
1764:
1759:
550:
530:
327:
240:
uses the proc file system to obtain its data, without using any specialized
237:
132:
824:, a list of the file systems supported by the kernel at the time of listing
1286:/proc/kmsg Messages output by the kernel. These are also routed to syslog.
951:, a list of the active swap partitions, their various sizes and priorities
3191:
2364:
2308:
2277:
2066:
1891:
1747:
1640:
1593:
1487:
894:
694:
623:
depending on the mode of power management (if at all), either directory,
325:
at USENIX in
January 1991. This kind of procfs supported the creation of
1062:
Nemeth, Evi; Snyder, Garth; Hein, Trent R.; Whaley, Ben (14 July 2010).
206:
dropped support in version 5.7, released in May 2015. It is absent from
166:
Many Unix-like operating systems support the proc filesystem, including
3186:
3115:
2885:
2318:
2292:
2119:
1752:
1722:
1613:
1569:
1326:
533:
to any tasks that have been started by this (i.e.: the parent) process.
384:
283:
203:
191:
2237:
2232:
2036:
1737:
1332:
1167:
1042:
implemented a procfs that is basically the same as the Linux procfs.
1039:
514:
504:
375:
366:
278:
273:
160:
2697:
1027:
processes) package, and only function in conjunction with a mounted
3135:
2586:
2384:
2369:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2247:
2242:
2180:
2061:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1943:
1933:
1838:
1806:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1586:
1514:
1462:
1250:
656:
612:
542:
388:
341:
211:
207:
187:
582:
lrwx------ 1 baldur baldur 64 2020-03-18 12:31 2 -> /dev/pts/3
579:
lrwx------ 1 baldur baldur 64 2020-03-18 12:31 1 -> /dev/pts/3
576:
lrwx------ 1 baldur baldur 64 2020-03-18 12:31 0 -> /dev/pts/3
391:
did not implement procfs and user space programs have to use the
2257:
2222:
2212:
2207:
2145:
2081:
2051:
2046:
1982:
1977:
1948:
1857:
1848:
1801:
1742:
1712:
1603:
1574:
1564:
1559:
1524:
1506:
921:
917:
867:, containing a summary of how the kernel is managing its memory.
775:
A CPU package means physical CPU which can have multiple cores (
175:
2701:
1385:
1381:
224:
The proc filesystem provides a method of communication between
3171:
1863:
1843:
1732:
1634:
652:
233:
195:
18:
1008:, containing the Linux kernel version, distribution number,
323:"The Process File System and Process Model in UNIX System V"
1019:
The basic utilities that use /proc under Linux come in the
383:
that is similar to the Linux procfs. It was removed from
954:
Access to dynamically configurable kernel options under
276:
in June 1984. The design of procfs aimed to replace the
927:
a symbolic link to the current (traversing) process at
916:, giving information about any devices connected via a
473:, a directory containing a symbolic link for each open
331:, but the files could only be accessed with functions
968:For example, a commonly referenced virtual file is
749:
model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor
719:
model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor
3164:
3101:
3047:
3008:
2943:
2934:
2904:
2851:
2842:
2781:
2735:
2669:
2641:
2606:
2562:
2480:
2402:
2355:
2301:
2196:
2101:
2027:
1967:
1910:
1877:
1444:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
907:names which the kernel has identified as existing
437:, the command that originally started the process.
135:operating systems that presents information about
3255:Pseudo file systems supported by the Linux kernel
1376:Discover the possibilities of the /proc directory
1124:"Why is procfs deprecated in favor of procstat?"
897:FORWARD is used to redirect network connections)
903:, a list of the device-numbers, their size and
1168:"Detailed changes between OpenBSD 5.6 and 5.7"
996:contains a list of TTY drivers and their usage
685:), cache size, number of siblings, cores, and
671:, giving the boot options passed to the kernel
2713:
1397:
1366:An IBM developerWorks article by M. Tim Jones
1065:UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook
787:for four). This allows a distinction between
659:under /sys/bus which is far more informative.
8:
499:, a binary image representing the process's
802:, a list of available cryptographic modules
489:, a text file containing information about
2940:
2848:
2720:
2706:
2698:
2484:
2200:
1964:
1450:
1404:
1390:
1382:
236:version of the process reporting utility
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Filesystem in Unix-like operating systems
1364:Access the Linux kernel using the Procfs
411:Linux first added a /proc filesystem in
221:extends it to non–process-related data.
1148:. The FreeBSD Project. 13 November 2019
1051:
851:, holding messages output by the kernel
493:files and blocks (like heap and stack).
395:interface for retrieving process data.
665:, a list of the available framebuffers
655:. This has been largely superseded by
1347:Linux kernel documentation for procfs
1341:Linux manual documentation for procfs
1329:- Description of the original procfs.
873:, one of the most important files in
857:, containing stats about the current
147:memory. Typically, it is mapped to a
7:
1327:Unix 8th Edition proc(2) manual page
1087:
1085:
1057:
1055:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1243:"Understanding Linux /proc/cpuinfo"
677:, containing information about the
1345:Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
1068:. Pearson Education. p. 136.
641:that handles memory fragmentation.
14:
2824:Object-oriented operating system
978:, containing memory-sharing and
939:is that of the current process).
422:processes, in directories named
23:
988:, containing information about
321:, and published a paper called
34:needs additional citations for
3250:Interfaces of the Linux kernel
2834:Supercomputer operating system
740:vendor_id : AuthenticAMD
710:vendor_id : AuthenticAMD
268:: he presented a paper titled
1:
1272:Nguyen, Binh (30 July 2004).
970:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
369:cloned its implementation of
131:) is a special filesystem in
3245:Special-purpose file systems
2809:Just enough operating system
2794:Distributed operating system
1274:"Linux Filesystem Hierarchy"
1098:Mac OS X Internals: The Book
861:average in the last minutes.
503:, can only be accessed by a
463:, a symlink to the original
143:methods or direct access to
3235:Unix file system technology
2922:User space and kernel space
2577:Filesystem-level encryption
1372:Linux Documentation Project
980:inter-process communication
755:microcode : 0x10000c8
725:microcode : 0x10000c8
3271:
2829:Real-time operating system
1424:Comparison of file systems
1370:Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy
1339:Linux Manual Pages Proc(5)
1303:Linux Kernel documentation
728:cpu MHz : 2000.000
3025:Multilevel feedback queue
3020:Fixed-priority preemptive
2804:Hobbyist operating system
2799:Embedded operating system
2487:
2203:
1453:
1419:
1333:Plan 9 procfs manual page
1276:. Binh Nguyen. p. 63
761:cache size : 1024 KB
758:cpu MHz : 800.000
731:cache size : 1024 KB
529:, a directory containing
449:current working directory
3068:General protection fault
2819:Network operating system
2773:User features comparison
2527:Extended file attributes
2228:Compact Disc File System
1358:A brief history of /proc
1186:"3.2.2. /proc/buddyinfo"
700:
637:, information about the
555:
2814:Mobile operating system
2626:Installable File System
541:with a utility such as
2917:Loadable kernel module
1674:TiVo Media File System
1538:Encrypting File System
1299:"The /proc filesystem"
891:/proc/net/nf_conntrack
693:includes a value for "
537:(Users may obtain the
362:4.4BSD and derivatives
3240:Linux kernel features
2985:Process control block
2951:Computer multitasking
2789:Disk operating system
1669:Macintosh File System
1360:Eric Schrock's Weblog
200:Plan 9 from Bell Labs
3156:Virtual tape library
2748:Forensic engineering
2682:GUID Partition Table
2029:Distributed parallel
1777:Shared File System (
1146:FreeBSD Manual Pages
793:siblings / CPU cores
743:cpu family : 16
713:cpu family : 16
707:processor : 0
270:"Processes as Files"
43:improve this article
3165:Supporting concepts
3151:Virtual file system
2687:Apple Partition Map
2633:Virtual file system
2572:Access-control list
1686:NetWare File System
1196:on 2 September 2013
1130:. 22 February 2011.
1094:"/proc on Mac OS X"
1092:Amit Singh (2003).
752:stepping : 3
746:model : 6
737:processor : 1
722:stepping : 3
716:model : 6
284:proc(4) manual page
232:. For example, the
3088:Segmentation fault
2936:Process management
2677:Master Boot Record
2502:Data deduplication
2141:Google File System
2057:Google File System
1543:Extent File System
1505:Byte File System (
1378:by Federico Kereki
1217:"HT vs. dual-core"
982:(IPC) information.
838:and the directory
600:/usr/bin/python3.8
3222:
3221:
3078:Memory protection
3049:Memory management
3043:
3042:
3035:Shortest job next
2930:
2929:
2729:Operating systems
2695:
2694:
2602:
2601:
2492:Case preservation
2398:
2397:
2097:
2096:
2023:
2022:
1785:Smart File System
1075:978-0-13-211736-4
822:/proc/filesystems
705:cat/proc/cpuinfo
455:/proc/PID/environ
435:/proc/PID/cmdline
119:
118:
111:
93:
3262:
3177:Computer network
2941:
2849:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2512:Execute in place
2485:
2218:Boot File System
2201:
1965:
1501:Boot File System
1451:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1249:. Archived from
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1219:. Archived from
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1192:. Archived from
1182:
1176:
1175:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1100:. Archived from
1089:
1080:
1079:
1059:
1030:
1026:
1007:
1001:
995:
994:/proc/tty/driver
987:
977:
971:
961:
957:
950:
944:
934:
930:
915:
906:
902:
901:/proc/partitions
892:
888:
882:
876:
872:
866:
856:
850:
844:system resources
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:/proc/interrupts
823:
817:
811:
807:
801:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
704:
692:
676:
670:
664:
646:
636:
630:
626:
618:
615:, mounted under
610:
601:
598:
594:
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
528:
522:
521:/proc/PID/status
512:
498:
488:
482:
481:/proc/PID/fdinfo
472:
462:
456:
442:
436:
429:
425:
372:
264:(V8) version of
262:UNIX 8th Edition
260:implemented the
253:UNIX 8th Edition
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3160:
3121:Defragmentation
3106:
3097:
3083:Protection ring
3052:
3039:
3011:
3004:
2926:
2900:
2838:
2777:
2731:
2726:
2696:
2691:
2665:
2637:
2621:File system API
2598:
2558:
2534:File change log
2476:
2452:Record-oriented
2425:Self-certifying
2394:
2351:
2297:
2192:
2093:
2019:
1963:
1906:
1873:
1446:
1440:
1436:Unix filesystem
1415:
1410:
1354:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1253:on 3 April 2012
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1005:
999:
993:
985:
975:
969:
967:
959:
955:
948:
942:
932:
928:
913:
904:
900:
890:
886:
880:
874:
870:
864:
854:
848:
839:
835:
831:
827:
821:
816:/proc/diskstats
815:
809:
805:
799:
789:hyper-threading
773:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
702:
690:
674:
668:
662:
644:
639:buddy algorithm
635:/proc/buddyinfo
634:
628:
624:
616:
608:
603:
602:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
565:
561:
557:
526:
520:
510:
496:
486:
480:
475:file descriptor
470:
460:
454:
451:of the process.
440:
434:
427:
423:
409:
401:
370:
364:
352:
304:
292:
255:
250:
125:proc filesystem
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3268:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3207:User interface
3204:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:File attribute
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3093:Virtual memory
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2965:Context switch
2962:
2947:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
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2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2840:
2839:
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2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2661:Log-structured
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2564:Access control
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2522:File attribute
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Data scrubbing
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Steganographic
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2442:Log-structured
2439:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
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2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1767:
1765:Reliance Nitro
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1625:Classic Mac OS
1618:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1496:Be File System
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1352:External links
1350:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1290:
1264:
1234:
1223:on 13 May 2016
1215:Baron, Jason.
1207:
1177:
1159:
1142:"linprocfs(5)"
1133:
1115:
1081:
1074:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1036:
1033:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1003:
997:
983:
973:
952:
946:
943:/proc/slabinfo
940:
925:
911:
898:
884:
878:
868:
862:
852:
846:
825:
819:
813:
803:
771:
701:
699:
698:
672:
666:
660:
642:
632:
591:pgrep-npython3
587:readlink/proc/
564:pgrep-npython3
556:
535:
534:
527:/proc/PID/task
524:
518:
511:/proc/PID/root
508:
501:virtual memory
494:
487:/proc/PID/maps
484:
478:
468:
458:
452:
438:
408:
405:
400:
397:
363:
360:
351:
348:
307:Roger Faulkner
303:
300:
291:
288:
258:Tom J. Killian
254:
251:
249:
246:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3267:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Memory paging
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Device driver
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2853:Architectures
2850:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Cryptographic
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:Copy-on-write
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1970:wear leveling
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1104:on 4 May 2012
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1014:
1011:
1006:/proc/version
1004:
998:
991:
984:
981:
976:/proc/sysvipc
974:
965:
964:virtual files
953:
947:
941:
938:
926:
923:
919:
912:
910:
899:
896:
885:
879:
871:/proc/modules
869:
865:/proc/meminfo
863:
860:
855:/proc/loadavg
853:
847:
845:
836:/proc/ioports
826:
820:
814:
806:/proc/devices
804:
798:
797:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
770:
696:
691:/proc/cpuinfo
688:
684:
680:
675:/proc/cpuinfo
673:
669:/proc/cmdline
667:
661:
658:
654:
650:
643:
640:
633:
622:
621:
620:
614:
606:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
525:
519:
516:
509:
507:'ing process.
506:
502:
497:/proc/PID/mem
495:
492:
485:
479:
476:
469:
466:
461:/proc/PID/exe
459:
453:
450:
446:
441:/proc/PID/cwd
439:
433:
432:
431:
421:
416:
414:
406:
404:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:
368:
361:
359:
356:
349:
347:
345:
343:
338:
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
301:
299:
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
252:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3108:file systems
3000:Time-sharing
2616:File manager
2328:
2185:
2086:
1912:Flash memory
1879:Optical disc
1817:soft updates
1797:Soup (Apple)
1447:non-rotating
1413:File systems
1306:. Retrieved
1302:
1293:
1285:
1278:. Retrieved
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:the original
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:the original
1097:
1064:
1038:
1018:
1000:/proc/uptime
881:/proc/mounts
800:/proc/crypto
792:
784:
780:
776:
774:
768:
607:
604:
536:
471:/proc/PID/fd
417:
410:
402:
392:
380:
374:
365:
353:
340:
336:
332:
326:
314:
305:
295:
293:
277:
265:
256:
242:system calls
226:kernel space
223:
219:Linux kernel
216:
165:
152:
128:
124:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3126:Device file
3116:Boot loader
3030:Round-robin
2955:Cooperative
2891:Rump kernel
2881:Multikernel
2871:Microkernel
2768:Usage share
2582:Permissions
2197:Specialized
1429:distributed
1247:richweb.com
1172:openbsd.org
1128:freebsd.org
949:/proc/swaps
832:/proc/iomem
777:single core
149:mount point
3229:Categories
3056:protection
3012:algorithms
3010:Scheduling
2959:Preemptive
2905:Components
2876:Monolithic
2743:Comparison
2608:Interfaces
2592:Sticky bit
2472:Versioning
2437:Journaling
2380:Rubberhose
2176:SMB (CIFS)
1968:host-side
1190:centos.org
1046:References
933:/proc/PID/
929:/proc/self
924:controller
914:/proc/scsi
909:partitions
887:/proc/net/
849:/proc/kmsg
683:clockspeed
625:/proc/acpi
560:ls-l/proc/
531:hard links
465:executable
313:ported V8
230:user space
180:Tru64 UNIX
99:March 2010
69:newspapers
3146:Partition
3063:Bus error
2990:Real-time
2970:Interrupt
2896:Unikernel
2861:Exokernel
2467:Synthetic
2410:Clustered
2357:Encrypted
2288:OverlayFS
1897:ISO 13490
1473:Amiga OFS
1468:Amiga FFS
990:terminals
986:/proc/tty
960:/proc/sys
958:. Under
956:/proc/sys
840:/proc/irq
785:quad core
783:for two,
781:dual core
779:for one,
687:CPU flags
645:/proc/bus
629:/proc/apm
424:/proc/PID
381:linprocfs
311:Ron Gomes
137:processes
133:Unix-like
3192:Live USB
3054:resource
2944:Concepts
2782:Variants
2763:Timeline
2552:Symbolic
2481:Features
2457:Semantic
2365:eCryptfs
2309:configfs
2278:SquashFS
2166:POHMELFS
2067:OrangeFS
1892:ISO 9660
1812:UFS/UFS2
1760:Reliance
1748:ReiserFS
1594:Files-11
1488:bcachefs
1445:Disk and
1308:9 August
1257:21 April
895:iptables
812:name too
695:bogomips
663:/proc/fb
426:, where
168:System V
58:"Procfs"
3187:Live CD
3141:Journal
3105:access,
3103:Storage
2980:Process
2886:vkernel
2753:History
2736:General
2670:Layouts
2656:Default
2319:debugfs
2293:UnionFS
2187:more...
2120:OpenAFS
2088:more...
1753:Reiser4
1723:OpenZFS
1614:HAMMER2
1570:ext3cow
1550:Episode
1321:Sources
1280:18 July
1227:28 June
1152:12 June
1108:10 July
573:total 0
447:to the
445:symlink
413:v0.97.3
399:Solaris
385:OpenBSD
337:write()
248:History
204:OpenBSD
192:IBM AIX
172:Solaris
141:tracing
83:scholar
2995:Thread
2866:Hybrid
2844:Kernel
2543:Links
2517:Extent
2447:Object
2415:Global
2333:specfs
2329:procfs
2324:kernfs
2302:Pseudo
2283:UMSDOS
2238:Davfs2
2233:cramfs
2171:Hadoop
2151:Lustre
2037:BeeGFS
2003:NILFS2
1738:QNX4FS
1701:NILFS2
1609:HAMMER
1599:Fossil
1200:23 May
1072:
1040:Cygwin
1035:CYGWIN
1021:procps
935:where
931:(i.e.
515:chroot
505:ptrace
491:mapped
420:kernel
393:sysctl
376:sysctl
367:4.4BSD
355:Plan 9
350:Plan 9
339:, and
333:read()
279:ptrace
274:USENIX
198:, and
161:sysctl
151:named
145:kernel
129:procfs
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3197:Shell
3136:Inode
2643:Lists
2587:Modes
2432:Flash
2403:Types
2385:SSHFS
2370:EncFS
2347:WinFS
2342:tmpfs
2337:sysfs
2314:devfs
2248:FTPFS
2243:EROFS
2181:SSHFS
2062:OCFS2
2015:UBIFS
2010:YAFFS
1998:NILFS
1993:LogFS
1988:JFFS2
1944:EROFS
1934:exFAT
1839:Xiafs
1822:WAPBL
1807:UBIFS
1718:OneFS
1696:NILFS
1691:Next3
1681:MINIX
1587:exFAT
1515:Btrfs
1483:AthFS
1463:AdvFS
1029:/proc
1025:/proc
875:/proc
657:sysfs
613:sysfs
609:/proc
547:pidof
543:pgrep
517:jail.
407:Linux
389:macOS
371:/proc
342:ioctl
315:/proc
296:/proc
266:/proc
212:macOS
208:HP-UX
188:Linux
157:Linux
153:/proc
90:JSTOR
76:books
2758:List
2547:Hard
2539:Fork
2420:Grid
2273:MVFS
2268:NOVA
2263:LTFS
2258:Lnfs
2253:FUSE
2223:CDfs
2213:AXFS
2208:Aufs
2146:GPFS
2131:Coda
2082:Xsan
2072:PVFS
2052:GFS2
2047:CXFS
2042:Ceph
1983:JFFS
1978:CHFS
1959:NVFS
1949:F2FS
1939:TFAT
1924:APFS
1914:and
1858:z/OS
1849:Xsan
1834:WAFL
1829:VxFS
1802:Tux3
1792:SNFS
1774:SFS
1743:ReFS
1713:NTFS
1665:MFS
1651:HTFS
1646:HPFS
1641:HFS+
1604:GPFS
1575:ext4
1565:ext3
1560:ext2
1534:EFS
1525:CXFS
1520:CVFS
1507:z/VM
1492:BFS
1478:APFS
1458:ADFS
1310:2024
1282:2016
1259:2015
1229:2011
1202:2011
1154:2021
1110:2021
1070:ISBN
922:RAID
918:SCSI
905:/dev
859:load
810:/dev
617:/sys
595:/exe
443:, a
319:SVR4
309:and
302:SVR4
290:SVR3
228:and
217:The
210:and
176:IRIX
123:The
62:news
3214:PXE
3202:CLI
3182:HAL
3172:API
2975:IPC
2390:ZFS
2375:EFS
2161:NFS
2156:NCP
2136:DFS
2126:AFP
2116:AFS
2103:NAS
2077:QFS
1954:JFS
1929:FAT
1916:SSD
1902:UDF
1887:HSF
1868:Sun
1864:ZFS
1854:zFS
1844:XFS
1770:RFS
1733:QFS
1728:PFS
1708:NSS
1661:LFS
1656:JFS
1635:MVS
1631:HFS
1621:HFS
1582:FAT
1555:ext
1530:DFS
1010:gcc
937:PID
920:or
764:...
734:...
703:$
679:CPU
653:USB
649:PCI
627:or
589:$ (
585:$
568:/fd
562:$ (
558:$
549:or
539:PID
428:PID
317:to
272:at
234:GNU
196:QNX
184:BSD
163:).
45:by
3231::
2957:,
2111:9P
1779:VM
1301:.
1284:.
1245:.
1188:.
1170:.
1144:.
1126:.
1096:.
1084:^
1054:^
1031:.
992:;
834:,
830:,
619::
605:)
553::
551:ps
545:,
344:()
335:,
328:ps
286:.
244:.
238:ps
214:.
202:.
194:,
190:,
186:,
182:,
178:,
174:,
170:,
3051:,
2961:)
2953:(
2721:e
2714:t
2707:v
2122:)
2118:(
1870:)
1866:(
1860:)
1856:(
1781:)
1637:)
1633:(
1627:)
1623:(
1509:)
1405:e
1398:t
1391:v
1312:.
1261:.
1231:.
1204:.
1174:.
1156:.
1112:.
1078:.
1023:(
966:.
651:/
593:)
566:)
477:.
127:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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