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are designed to build specific programs, fifth-generation languages are designed to make the computer solve a given problem without the programmer. This way, the user only needs to worry about what problems need to be solved and what conditions need to be met, without worrying about how to implement
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The terms "first-generation" and "second-generation" programming language were not used prior to the coining of the term "third-generation"; none of these three terms are mentioned in early compendiums of programming languages. The introduction of a third generation of computer technology coincided
232:
3GLs are much more machine-independent (portable) and more programmer-friendly. This includes features like improved support for aggregate data types and expressing concepts in a way that favors the programmer, not the computer. A third-generation language improves over a second-generation language
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by having the computer take care of non-essential details. 3GLs are more abstract than previous generations of languages, and thus can be considered higher-level languages than their first- and second-generation counterparts. First introduced in the late 1950s,
135:. Historically, this classification was used to indicate increasing power of programming styles. Later writers have somewhat redefined the meanings as distinctions previously seen as important became less significant to current practice.
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and domain-specific languages) which claimed to operate at an even higher level, and in a domain even closer to the user (e.g. at a natural-language level) than the original, imperative high-level languages such as
516:"Generational" classification of high-level languages (third generation and later) was never fully precise and was later perhaps abandoned, with more precise classifications gaining common usage, such as
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with the creation of a new generation of programming languages. The marketing for this generational shift in machines correlated with several important changes in what were called
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272:, are also third-generation languages, although each of these languages can be further subdivided into other categories based on other contemporary traits. Most 3GLs support
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based on problem-solving using constraints given to the program, rather than using an
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a routine or algorithm to solve them. Fifth-generation languages are used mainly in
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Initially, all programming languages at a higher level than assembly were termed "
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Second-generation programming language (2GL) is a generational way to categorize
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Fourth-generation languages tend to be specialized toward very specific
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620:"Programming Language generations and Programming Paradigms"
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For programming languages grouped by ancestor language, see
718:. Saratoga, Calif.: Javvin Technologies, Inc. p. 195.
552:. New languages have emerged in that "generation" as well.
484:" was introduced to try to differentiate the (then) new
666:"Domain-Specific Languages: An Annotated Bibliography"
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Most popular general-purpose languages today, such as
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A fifth-generation programming language (5GL) is any
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847:
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664:Arie van Deursen; Paul Klint; Joost Visser (1998).
597:(11th ed.). Addison-Wesley. pp. 240–241.
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
644:Domain-Specific Languages for Software Engineering
428:are examples of fifth-generation languages, as is
702:CVXGEN: Code Generation for Convex Optimization
396:techniques to solve problems in this way. Most
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21:Generational list of programming languages
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1050:Category:Lists of programming languages
742:, Mcgraw Hill Education (India), 2009,
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413:fourth-generation programming languages
392:written by a programmer. They may use
290:Fourth-generation programming language
150:Second-generation programming language
1055:List of programming languages by type
581:"Computer Hope, Generation languages"
360:Fifth-generation programming language
176:Third-generation programming language
7:
1045:Category:Lists of computer languages
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1076:Programming language classification
595:Computer science : an overview
440:is an example of a related idea, a
131:have been classified into several
65:"Programming language generations"
14:
562:Timeline of programming languages
455:high-level programming languages
408:are fifth-generation languages.
133:programming language generations
30:
704:, cvxgen.com, December 4, 2013.
330:. 4GLs may include support for
41:needs additional citations for
788:Types of programming languages
520:, declarative and functional.
1:
593:Brookshear, J. Glenn (2012).
920:Programming paradigms navbox
245:are examples of early 3GLs.
480:", but later on, the term "
278:object-oriented programming
16:Concept in Computer Science
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714:Dong, Jielin, ed. (2007).
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740:Fundamentals of Computers
404:languages and some other
340:mathematical optimization
989:Knowledge representation
974:Architecture description
432:, which was built upon
418:Artificial Intelligence
394:artificial intelligence
284:Fourth generation (4GL)
144:Second generation (2GL)
354:Fifth generation (5GL)
274:structured programming
170:Third generation (3GL)
909:Programming languages
650:May 16, 2011, at the
486:declarative languages
406:declarative languages
158:my assembly languages
129:Programming languages
1004:Programming language
984:Hardware description
386:programming language
50:improve this article
550:COBOL to COBOL 2002
328:programming domains
716:Network dictionary
467:assembly languages
164:assembly languages
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1062:
960:computer language
898:Computer language
885:
884:
738:E. Balagurusamy,
604:978-0-13-256903-3
482:fourth-generation
471:second generation
402:logic programming
336:report generation
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625:. Archived from
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834:Very high-level
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546:Ada to Ada 2012
518:object-oriented
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344:GUI development
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1029:Transformation
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748:978-0070141605
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632:on 2020-01-29.
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442:frame language
358:Main article:
355:
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314:Oracle Reports
288:Main article:
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672:on 2009-02-02
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528:and later to
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461:languages as
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106:November 2015
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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917:{{
912:}}
906:{{
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895:{{
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674:. Retrieved
670:the original
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459:Machine code
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
817:Interpreted
548:; and even
139:Generations
1024:Stylesheet
849:Generation
829:High-level
676:2009-03-15
568:References
302:Unix Shell
76:newspapers
958:Types of
824:Low-level
750:, p. 340.
488:(such as
390:algorithm
365:Examples:
295:Examples:
181:Examples:
155:Examples:
1070:Category
1038:See also
999:Modeling
889:See also
839:Esoteric
812:Compiled
807:Assembly
648:Archived
556:See also
332:database
1014:Shading
802:Machine
513:, etc.
507:Fortran
448:History
426:Mercury
376:Mercury
235:Fortran
220:Fortran
90:scholar
994:Markup
872:Fourth
862:Second
746:
722:
601:
495:Pascal
490:Prolog
465:, and
438:KL-ONE
411:While
368:Prolog
322:Halide
310:PL/SQL
270:Pascal
241:, and
216:Pascal
196:Python
92:
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1009:Query
967:Types
877:Fifth
867:Third
857:First
795:Level
630:(PDF)
623:(PDF)
511:BASIC
503:ALGOL
346:, or
266:BASIC
243:COBOL
239:ALGOL
228:COBOL
224:ALGOL
212:BASIC
97:JSTOR
83:books
744:ISBN
720:ISBN
599:ISBN
542:CLOS
538:Lisp
532:and
530:Java
434:Lisp
430:ICAD
424:and
422:OPS5
400:and
372:OPS5
298:ABAP
268:and
262:Java
204:Perl
192:Java
69:news
540:to
526:C++
469:as
306:SQL
254:C++
200:PHP
188:C++
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536:;
534:C#
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