646:
625:
43:
directly after they have hatched, feeding each larva repeatedly until it has completed development. The food is typically in the form of masticated or immobilized prey items (in predatory wasps), or regurgitated nectar mixed with pollen (in bees); only rarely are other sorts of food resources used
559:
564:
687:
44:(such as glandular secretions, or carrion). While this sort of direct and repetitive feeding of offspring is extremely common in groups such as
56:
insects (one of the defining features of eusociality is cooperative brood care). Accordingly, progressive provisioning is universal among
75:, which care for their larvae and supply them with a mass of carrion, which the adults chew and regurgitate to the developing larvae.
210:
60:, and widespread among the social bees and wasps. Certain nonsocial wasps also rear their young with this type of feeding. Young
268:
602:
298:
711:
680:
380:
123:
581:
473:
330:
325:
595:
278:
721:
253:
673:
412:
375:
365:
310:
258:
203:
716:
528:
518:
283:
243:
238:
645:
609:
390:
71:
One of the only well-known examples of progressive provisioning outside of the
Hymenoptera are the
24:
68:
insects) are able to feed themselves, and therefore do not demonstrate any form of provisioning.
523:
315:
293:
273:
706:
628:
335:
303:
196:
99:
87:
657:
588:
533:
400:
233:
145:
135:
543:
483:
468:
453:
438:
407:
360:
508:
463:
458:
340:
248:
72:
65:
700:
513:
503:
498:
493:
422:
355:
263:
79:
175:
538:
488:
448:
417:
370:
170:
150:
478:
443:
28:
83:
20:
140:
653:
350:
345:
320:
219:
53:
385:
61:
49:
90:, where all of the larval food is supplied before the egg is laid.
288:
40:
395:
45:
36:
192:
57:
32:
52:, it is far less common among insects, with the exception of
188:
661:
573:
552:
431:
226:
174:
681:
560:Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
204:
8:
165:
163:
161:
124:"The evolution of progressive provisioning"
117:
115:
688:
674:
565:International Society for Applied Ethology
211:
197:
189:
149:
139:
111:
7:
642:
640:
27:in which an adult (most commonly a
660:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
644:
624:
623:
269:Bee learning and communication
1:
78:Many eusocial bees, such as
738:
639:
619:
326:Evolutionary neuroscience
181:. Harvard: Belknap Press.
279:Behavioral endocrinology
17:Progressive provisioning
474:Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
254:Animal sexual behaviour
413:Tool use by non-humans
366:Philosophical ethology
311:Comparative psychology
259:Animal welfare science
122:Field, Jeremy (2005).
23:to refer to a form of
151:10.1093/beheco/ari054
141:10.1093/beheco/ari054
519:William Homan Thorpe
284:Behavioural genetics
244:Animal consciousness
239:Animal communication
177:The Insect Societies
274:Behavioural ecology
712:Behavioral ecology
603:Behavioral Ecology
524:Nikolaas Tinbergen
316:Emotion in animals
294:Cognitive ethology
128:Behavioral Ecology
19:is a term used in
669:
668:
637:
636:
529:Jakob von Uexküll
299:Comfort behaviour
100:Mass provisioning
88:mass provisioning
25:parental behavior
729:
690:
683:
676:
648:
641:
627:
626:
589:Animal Cognition
582:Animal Behaviour
534:Wolfgang Wickler
234:Animal cognition
213:
206:
199:
190:
183:
182:
180:
167:
156:
155:
153:
143:
119:
737:
736:
732:
731:
730:
728:
727:
726:
697:
696:
695:
694:
638:
633:
615:
569:
548:
544:Solly Zuckerman
484:Karl von Frisch
469:Richard Dawkins
454:John B. Calhoun
439:Patrick Bateson
427:
361:Pain in animals
222:
217:
187:
186:
169:
168:
159:
121:
120:
113:
108:
96:
73:burying beetles
12:
11:
5:
735:
733:
725:
724:
722:Ethology stubs
719:
714:
709:
699:
698:
693:
692:
685:
678:
670:
667:
666:
649:
635:
634:
632:
631:
620:
617:
616:
614:
613:
606:
599:
596:Animal Welfare
592:
585:
577:
575:
571:
570:
568:
567:
562:
556:
554:
550:
549:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
509:Desmond Morris
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
464:Marian Dawkins
461:
459:Charles Darwin
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
433:
429:
428:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
404:
403:
398:
393:
388:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:Human ethology
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
307:
306:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
249:Animal culture
246:
241:
236:
230:
228:
224:
223:
218:
216:
215:
208:
201:
193:
185:
184:
157:
134:(4): 770–778.
110:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
95:
92:
80:stingless bees
66:hemimetabolous
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
734:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
672:
671:
665:
663:
659:
656:article is a
655:
650:
647:
643:
630:
622:
621:
618:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
600:
598:
597:
593:
591:
590:
586:
584:
583:
579:
578:
576:
572:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
555:
551:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
514:Thomas Sebeok
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:Konrad Lorenz
502:
500:
499:Julian Huxley
497:
495:
494:Heini Hediger
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
430:
424:
423:Zoomusicology
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Neuroethology
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
264:Anthrozoology
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
229:
225:
221:
214:
209:
207:
202:
200:
195:
194:
191:
179:
178:
172:
171:Wilson, E. O.
166:
164:
162:
158:
152:
147:
142:
137:
133:
129:
125:
118:
116:
112:
105:
101:
98:
97:
93:
91:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
717:Sociobiology
662:expanding it
651:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
539:E. O. Wilson
489:Jane Goodall
449:Donald Broom
418:Zoosemiotics
371:Sociobiology
176:
131:
127:
77:
70:
39:) feeds its
29:hymenopteran
16:
15:
479:Dian Fossey
444:Marc Bekoff
432:Ethologists
86:, practice
64:(and other
701:Categories
381:Structures
376:Stereotypy
106:References
31:such as a
21:entomology
610:Behaviour
553:Societies
391:Honeycomb
84:halictids
707:Ethology
654:ethology
629:Category
574:Journals
401:Instinct
351:Learning
346:Instinct
321:Ethogram
304:Grooming
227:Branches
220:Ethology
173:(1971).
94:See also
62:termites
54:eusocial
331:Feeding
50:mammals
41:larvae
652:This
408:Swarm
336:Hover
289:Breed
46:birds
658:stub
396:Nest
386:Hive
82:and
58:ants
48:and
37:wasp
146:hdl
136:doi
35:or
33:bee
703::
160:^
144:.
132:16
130:.
126:.
114:^
689:e
682:t
675:v
664:.
212:e
205:t
198:v
154:.
148::
138::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.