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structure is untwisted to an extent determined by the amount of voltage. A sufficiently large voltage will cause the molecules to untwist completely, such that the polarity of any light passing through will not be rotated and will instead be perpendicular to the filter polarity. This filter will block the passage of light because of the difference in polarity orientation, and the resulting pixel will be black. The amount of light allowed to pass through at each pixel can be controlled by varying the corresponding voltage accordingly. In a color LCD each pixel consists of red, green, and blue subpixels, which require appropriate color filters in addition to the components mentioned previously. Each subpixel can be controlled individually to display a large range of possible colors for a particular pixel.
660:(DMD chip), which on its surface contains a large matrix of microscopic mirrors, each corresponding to one pixel (or sub-pixel) in an image. Each mirror can be tilted to reflect light such that the pixel appears bright, or the mirror can be tilted to direct light elsewhere (where it is absorbed) to make the pixel appear dark. Mirrors flip between light and dark positions, so subpixel brightness is controlled by proportionally varying the amount of time a mirror is in the bright position; its pulse-width modulation. The mirror is made of aluminum and is mounted on a torsion-supported yoke. There are electrodes on both sides of the yoke that control the tilt of the mirror using electrostatic attraction. The electrodes are connected to an
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combination. These circuits send charge down the appropriate row and column, effectively applying a voltage across the electrodes at a given pixel. Simple LCDs such as those on digital watches can operate on what is called a passive-matrix structure, in which each pixel is addressed one at a time. This results in extremely slow response times and poor voltage control. A voltage applied to one pixel can cause the liquid crystals at surrounding pixels to untwist undesirably, resulting in fuzziness and poor contrast in this area of the image. LCDs with high resolutions, such as large-screen LCD televisions, require an active-matrix structure. This structure is a matrix of
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passing through is colored and then reflected off the mirror array to determine brightness. A color wheel consists of a red, green, and blue sector, as well as a fourth sector to either control brightness or include a fourth color. This spinning color wheel in the single-chip arrangement can be replaced by red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes (LED). The three-chip projector uses a prism to split up the light into three beams (red, green, blue), each directed towards its own DMD chip. The outputs of the three DMD chips are recombined and then projected.
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In its natural or "off" state, the molecule structure is arranged parallel to the glass plates and electrodes. Because the twisted molecule structure is not used in an IPS display, the angle at which light leaves a pixel is not as restricted, and therefore viewing angles and color reproduction are much improved compared to those of TN displays. However, IPS displays have slower response times. IPS displays also initially suffered from poor contrast ratios but has been significantly improved with the development of
Advanced Super IPS (AS – IPS).
322:: The ratio of the luminance of the brightest color to the luminance of the darkest color on the display. High contrast ratios are desirable but the method of measurement varies greatly. It can be measured with the display isolated from its environment or with the lighting of the room being accounted for. Static contrast ratio is measured on a static image at some instant in time. Dynamic contrast ratio is measured on the image over a period of time. Manufacturers can market either static or dynamic contrast ratio depending on which one is higher.
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horizontal display electrodes that sit in between a magnesium-oxide (MgO) protective layer and an insulating dielectric layer. The MgO layer is in direct contact with the cells and the dielectric layer is in direct contact with the front glass plate. The horizontal and vertical electrodes form a grid from which each individual cell can be accessed. Each individual cell is walled off from surrounding cells so that activity in one cell does not affect another. The cell structure is similar to a honeycomb structure except with rectangular cells.
294:: This is the size of an individual pixel, which includes the length of the subpixels and distances between subpixels. It can be measured as the horizontal or diagonal length of a pixel. A smaller dot pitch generally results in sharper images because there are more pixels in a given area. In the case of CRT based displays, pixels are not equivalent to the phosphor dots, as they are to the pixel triads in LC displays. Projection displays that use three monochrome CRTs do not have a dot structure, so this specification does not apply.
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103:(CRT) in television sales due to the necessary bulkiness of cathode-ray tubes. The diagonal screen size of a CRT television is limited to about 100 cm (40 in) because of size requirements of the cathode-ray tube, which fires three beams of electrons onto the screen to create a viewable image. A large-screen TV requires a longer tube, making a large-screen CRT TV of about 130 to 200 cm (50 to 80 in) unrealistic. Newer large-screen televisions are comparably thinner.
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is coated with red phosphor, another is coated with green phosphor, and the third cell is coated with blue phosphor. Light emitted from the subpixel cells is blended together to create an overall color for the pixel. The control circuitry can manipulate the intensity of light emitted from each cell, and therefore can produce a large gamut of colors. Light from each cell can be controlled and changed rapidly to produce a high-quality moving picture.
650:: A lamp transmits light through a small LCD chip made up of individual pixels to create an image. The LCD projector uses dichroic mirrors to take the light and create three separate red, green, and blue beams, which are then passed through three separate LCD panels. The liquid crystals are manipulated using electric current to control the amount of light passing through. The lens system combines the three color images and projects them.
300:: The time it takes for the display to respond to a given input. For an LC display it is defined as the total time it takes for a pixel to transition from black to white, and then white to black. A display with slow response times displaying moving pictures may result in blurring and distortion. Displays with fast response times can make better transitions in displaying moving objects without unwanted image artefacts.
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441:, and liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystals are sandwiched between the glass plates and are in direct contact with the electrodes. The two polarizing filters are the outer layers in this structure. The polarity of one of these filters is oriented horizontally, while the polarity of the other filter is oriented vertically. The electrodes are treated with a layer of
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size for a normal direct-view-CRT television set (see image). The projection cathode-ray tubes can be arranged in various ways. One arrangement is to use one tube and three phosphor (red, green, blue) coatings. Alternatively, one black-and-white tube can be used with a spinning color wheel. A third option is to use three CRTs, one each for red, green, and blue.
332:
image being displayed. The definition of what is acceptable quality for the image can be different among manufacturers and display types. Many manufacturers define this as the point at which the luminance is half of the maximum luminance. Some manufacturers define it based on contrast ratio and look at the angle at which a certain contrast ratio is realized.
458:, each corresponding to one pixel on the display. The switching ability of the transistors allows each pixel to be accessed individually and precisely, without affecting nearby pixels. Each transistor also acts as a capacitor while leaking very little current, so it can effectively store the charge while the display is being refreshed.
754:: Some light passes through even when liquid crystals completely untwist, so the best black color that can be achieved is varying shades of dark gray, resulting in worse contrast ratios and detail in the image. This can be mitigated by the use of a matrix of LEDs as the illuminator to provide nearly true black performance.
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single white lamp with a "color wheel" that is synchronized with the display of red, green and blue components. LED illumination systems that use discrete red, green and blue LEDs in concert with the display of red, green and blue components at high frequency reduce, or altogether eliminate, the
Rainbow effect.
469:
In-Plane
Switching (IPS): Unlike the electrode arrangement in traditional TN displays, the two electrodes corresponding to a pixel are both on the same glass plate and are parallel to each other. The liquid crystal molecules do not form a helical structure and instead are also parallel to each other.
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material on the inside wall of the cell. The phosphor atoms are stimulated and electrons jump to higher energy levels. When these electrons return to their natural state, energy is released in the form of visible light. Every pixel on the display is made up of three subpixel cells. One subpixel cell
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material, and protective layers. The address electrodes are arranged vertically between the rear glass plate and a protective layer. This structure sits behind the cells in the rear of the display, with the protective layer in direct contact with the cells. On the front side of the display there are
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Though large-screen CRT TVs/monitors exist, the screen size is limited by their impracticality. The bigger the screen, the greater the weight, and the deeper the CRT. A typical 80 cm (32 in) television can weigh about 70 kg (150 lb) or more. The Sony PVM-4300 monitor weighed 200
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create the image in the same manner that a traditional CRT television does, which is by firing a beam of electrons onto a phosphor-coated screen; the image is projected onto a large screen. This is done to overcome the cathode-ray tube size limit which is about 100 cm (40 in), the maximum
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cell located under each pixel, and charges from the SRAM cell move the mirrors. Color is created by a spinning color wheel (used with a single-chip projector) or a three-chip (red, green, blue) projector. The color wheel is placed between the lamp light source and the DMD chip such that the light
465:
Twisted
Nematic (TN): This type of display is the most common and makes use of twisted nematic-phase crystals, which have a natural helical structure and can be untwisted by an applied voltage to allow light to pass through. These displays have low production costs and fast response times but also
1280:
The
Rainbow Effect: This is an unwanted visual artifact that is described as flashes of colored light seen when the viewer looks across the display from one side to the other. This artifact is unique to single-chip DLP projectors. The Rainbow Effect is significant only in DLP displays that use a
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The electrodes on one side of the LCD are arranged in columns, while the electrodes on the other side are arranged in rows, forming a large matrix that controls every pixel. Each pixel is designated a unique row-column combination, and the pixel can be accessed by the control circuits using this
331:
Viewing angle: The maximum angle at which the display can be viewed with acceptable quality. The angle is measured from one direction to the opposite direction of the display, such that the maximum viewing angle is 180 degrees. Outside of this angle the viewer will see a distorted version of the
445:
to control the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in a particular direction. These rod-like molecules are arranged to match the horizontal orientation on one side and the vertical orientation on the other, giving the molecules a twisted, helical structure. Twisted nematic liquid crystals are
473:
Multi-Domain
Vertical Alignment (MVA): In this type of display the liquid crystals are naturally arranged perpendicular to the glass plates but can be rotated to control light passing through. There are also pyramid-like protrusions in the glass substrates to control the rotation of the liquid
449:
When the liquid crystal material is in its natural state, light passing through the first filter will be rotated (in terms of polarity) by the twisted molecule structure, which allows the light to pass through the second filter. When voltage is applied across the electrodes, the liquid crystal
466:
limited viewing angles, and many have a limited color gamut that cannot take full advantage of advanced graphics cards. These limitations are due to variation in the angles of the liquid crystal molecules at different depths, restricting the angles at which light can leave the pixel.
728:
Is less susceptible to burn-in: Burn-in refers to the television displaying a permanent ghost-like image due to constant, prolonged display of the image. Light-emitting phosphors lose their luminosity over time and, when frequently used, the low-luminosity areas become permanently
686:. The small layers of phosphors inside the glass emit red, green or blue light when excited by a soft UV laser. The laser can be varied in intensity or completely turned on or off without a problem, which means that a dark display would need less power to project its images.
474:
crystals such that the light is channeled at an angle with the glass plate. This technology results in wide viewing angles while boasting good contrast ratios and faster response times than those of TN and IPS displays. The major drawback is a reduction in brightness.
328:: The ratio of the display width to the display height. The aspect ratio of a traditional television is 4:3, which is being discontinued; the television industry is currently changing to the 16:9 ratio typically used by large-screen, high-definition televisions.
543:
A projection television uses a projector to create a small image from a video signal and magnify this image onto a viewable screen. The projector uses a bright beam of light and a lens system to project the image to a much larger size. A
1203:: Some light passes through even when liquid crystals completely untwist, so the best black color that can be achieved is a very dark gray, resulting in worse contrast ratios and detail in the image. Some newer models use an
1273:
Uses lamps for light, lamps need to be replaced on average once every year and a half to two years. Current models with LED lamps reduce or eliminate this. Estimated lifetime of LED lamps is over 100,000
847:
Phosphor-luminosity diminishes over time, resulting in the gradual decline of absolute image-brightness; corrected with the 60,000-hour life-span of contemporary plasma TV technology (longer than that of
678:, the image is provided by the use of lasers, which are located on the back of the television, reflected off a rapidly moving bank of mirrors to excite pixels on the television screen in a similar way to
125:
Before deciding on a particular display technology size, it is very important to determine from what distances it is going to be viewed. As the display size increases so does the ideal viewing distance.
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To illuminate a particular cell, the electrodes that intersect at the cell are charged by control circuitry and electric current flows through the cell, stimulating the gas (typically
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Costlier screen repair; the glass screen of a plasma TV set can be damaged permanently, and is more difficult to repair than the plastic screen of an LCD TV set
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The following are different types of rear-projection televisions, which differ based on the type of projector and how the image (before projection) is created:
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uses a projector that is separate from the screen which could be a suitably prepared wall, and the projector is placed in front of the screen. The setup of a
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is similar to that of a traditional television in that the projector is contained inside the television box and projects the image from behind the screen.
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Wider viewing angles (+178°) than those of an LCD; the image does not degrade (dim and distort) when viewed from a high angle, as occurs with an LCD
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Patterned
Vertical Alignment (PVA): This type of display is a variation of MVA and performs very similarly, but with much higher contrast ratios.
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1422:
68:, a non-projection video display technology, was used at stadiums and concerts. Various thin-screen technologies are being developed, but only
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Front-projection more difficult to set up because projector is separate and must be placed in front of the screen, typically on the ceiling
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kg (440 lb) and had the largest ever CRT with a 110 cm (43 in) diagonal display. SlimFit televisions exist, but are not common.
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Fixed number of pixels, other resolutions need to be scaled to fit this. This is a limitation only when compared with CRT displays.
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Narrower viewing angles than competing technologies. It is nearly impossible to use an LCD without some image warping occurring.
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naturally twisted, and are commonly used for LCDs because they react predictably to temperature variation and electric current.
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1190:: Individual pixels may be visible on the large screen, giving the appearance that the viewer is looking through a screen door.
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Needs to be "converged" (primary colors positioned so they overlay without color fringes) annually (or after set relocation)
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is made up of many thousands of gas-filled cells that are sandwiched in between two glass plates, two sets of electrodes,
288:: the number of pixels in each dimension on a display. In general a higher resolution will yield a clearer, sharper image.
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31:
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LCDs reflect very little light, allowing them to maintain contrast levels in well-lit rooms and not be affected by glare.
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take up very little space because a projector screen is extremely slim, and even a suitably prepared wall can be used
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and blurring during the display of fast-moving images. This is also improving by increasing the refresh rate of LCDs.
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145:, the viewing distance should be roughly two to three times the screen size for standard definition (SD) displays.
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822:(up to 1.0 microsecond), which make plasma TV technology ideal for viewing the fast-moving film and sport images
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More accurate color reproduction than that of an LCD; 68 billion (2) colors vs. 16.7 million (2) colors
60:) developed rapidly in the late 1990s and 2000s. Prior to the development of thin-screen technologies,
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682:. The mirrors reflect the laser beams across the screen and so produce the necessary number of
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If one CRT fails the other two should be replaced for optimal color and brightness balance
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Heavier than a comparable LCD TV set, because of the glass screen that contains the gases
306:: The amount of light emitted from the display. It is sometimes synonymous with the term
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and image retention; late-model plasma TV sets feature corrective technology, such as
134:, studied the best viewing distances for various conditions and derived the so-called
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Instrument
Engineers' Handbook: Process control and optimization By Béla G. Lipták
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312:, which is defined as the amount of light per area and is measured in SI units as
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LCDs rely heavily on thin-film transistors, which can be damaged, resulting in a
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Susceptible to reflective glare in a brightly lighted room, which dims the image
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Projectors that are not phosphor-based (LCD/DLP) are not susceptible to burn-in
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Rear-projection has smaller viewing angles than those of flat-panel displays
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520:) atoms inside the cell. These ionized gas atoms, or plasmas, then release
117:
92:(FED) are in development to supersede earlier flat-screen technologies in
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2008:
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1204:
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In Laser
Phosphor Display technology, first demonstrated in June 2010 at
525:
1028:
Rear-projection televisions are much bulkier than flat-panel televisions
278:
The following are important factors for evaluating television displays:
2302:
1952:
1917:
1657:
Computers, Software
Engineering, and Digital Devices By Richard C. Dorf
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1306:
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Fixed number of pixels, other resolutions need to be scaled to fit this
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Not manufactured in sizes smaller than 94 cm (37 in) diagonal
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313:
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Display size can be extremely large, typically limited by room height.
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Phosphor handbook By William M. Yen, Shigeo Shionoya, Hajime Yamamoto
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Typically have slower response times than plasmas, which can cause
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Front-projection picture quality approaches that of movie theater
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Slightly lower power usage than equivalent sized plasma displays.
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Lighter and less voluminous than rear-projection television sets
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339:: The range of colors that the display can accurately represent.
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Plasmacoalition.org. Coalition for Plasma Science. 20 Mar 2007
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131:
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Comparison of different types of rear-projection televisions
80:(DLP) have been publicly released. Recent technologies like
99:
Large-screen technologies have almost completely displaced
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Image brightness only decreases due to the age of the lamp
989:
Image brightness is an issue, may require darkened room.
27:
Technology rapidly developed in the late 1990s and 2000s
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Lighter and less bulky than rear-projection televisions
1627:
Digital Signage Broadcasting By Lars-Ingemar Lundström
84:(OLED) as well as not-yet-released technologies like
1147:
Susceptible to burn-in because CRT is phosphor-based
461:
The following are types of LC display technologies:
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Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
1997:
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1839:
1830:
1410:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Uses lamps for light, lamps may need to be replaced
147:
1687:"Inside the desperate fight to keep old TVs alive"
1250:Better viewing angles than those of CRT projectors
800:Produces deep, true blacks, allowing for superior
2372:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays
1241:Achieves excellent black level and contrast ratio
1124:Achieves excellent black level and contrast ratio
282:Display size: the diagonal length of the display.
1674:Plasma TV Screen Burn-In: Is It Still a Problem?
1309:, a detailed discussion of LCD panel technology
1238:Slimmest of all types of projection televisions
433:consists of multiple layers of components: two
121:Horizontal, vertical and diagonal field of view
1510:1080p charted: Viewing distance to screen size
1031:Lamp may need to be replaced after heavy usage
986:Lamp may need to be replaced after heavy usage
1808:
690:Comparison of television display technologies
8:
2026:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display
1668:
1666:
1664:
1244:DMD chip can be easily repaired or replaced
1175:LCD chip can be easily repaired or replaced
1077:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
910:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
656:: A DLP projector creates an image using a
594:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
393:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
246:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
86:surface-conduction electron-emitter display
1937:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode
1836:
1815:
1801:
1793:
1470:Learn how and when to remove this message
1368:Learn how and when to remove this message
1133:Greater viewing angles than those of LCDs
1097:Learn how and when to remove this message
930:Learn how and when to remove this message
861:High rate of electrical power consumption
614:Learn how and when to remove this message
413:Learn how and when to remove this message
266:Learn how and when to remove this message
1331:This article includes a list of general
1210:Not as slim as DLP projection television
491:
30:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1745:
1743:
1741:
1734:Plasma vs. LCD: Which is right for you?
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
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1130:CRTs have generally very long lifetimes
1016:Rear-projection is not subject to glare
1153:May display colour halos or lose focus
1141:Heavy and large, especially depth-wise
64:was standard for larger displays, and
1704:Williams, Martyn (27 February 2007).
1525:TV buying guide - Size up your screen
1127:Achieves excellent color reproduction
7:
2073:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display
1419:"Large-screen television technology"
1408:adding citations to reliable sources
1075:adding citations to reliable sources
908:adding citations to reliable sources
592:adding citations to reliable sources
391:adding citations to reliable sources
244:adding citations to reliable sources
2147:Light-emitting electrochemical cell
1491:Plasma vs LCD - Size and Resolution
496:Composition of plasma display panel
2346:Large-screen television technology
1706:"LCD TVs Get Faster Refresh Rates"
1685:Robertson, Adi (6 February 2018).
1337:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1292:Comparison of display technologies
25:
2020:Organic light-emitting transistor
2383:Comparison of display technology
1384:
1322:
1047:
880:
564:
363:
216:
2014:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots
1395:needs additional citations for
437:filters, two glass plates with
2085:Laser-powered phosphor display
1582:Giz Explains: Plasma TV Basics
654:DLP rear-projection television
648:LCD rear-projection television
637:CRT rear-projection television
1:
2351:Optimum HDTV viewing distance
2341:History of display technology
2229:Computer-generated holography
1247:Is not susceptible to burn-in
1178:Is not susceptible to burn-in
524:photons that interact with a
113:Optimum HDTV viewing distance
32:History of display technology
1931:Organic light-emitting diode
1925:Light-emitting diode display
966:Front-projection televisions
82:organic light-emitting diode
1172:Smaller than CRT projectors
1006:Significantly cheaper than
955:Significantly cheaper than
943:Front-projection television
546:front-projection television
41:A 140 cm (56 in)
2423:
2141:Vacuum fluorescent display
1865:Electroluminescent display
1672:PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com -
1227:
1161:
1113:
994:Rear-projection television
698:
658:digital micromirror device
628:Rear-projection television
625:
556:Rear-projection television
550:rear-projection television
536:
485:
352:
110:
62:rear-projection television
29:
2380:
1988:Liquid crystal on silicon
814:; eliminated with higher
2179:Fourteen-segment display
1982:Digital Light Processing
1787:"Plasma Display Panels."
1597:How Plasma Displays Work
1262:Does not experience the
1230:Digital Light Processing
834:No longer being produced
78:Digital Light Processing
2185:Sixteen-segment display
1871:Rear-projection display
1352:more precise citations.
2032:Field-emission display
1947:Liquid-crystal display
1219:Limited viewing angles
670:Laser Phosphor Display
497:
208:Display specifications
154:Viewing distance (ft)
122:
90:field-emission display
70:liquid crystal display
46:
2402:Television technology
2169:Eight-segment display
2163:Seven-segment display
1764:HomeTheaterMag.com -
872:Projection television
533:Projection television
495:
456:thin-film transistors
157:Viewing distance (m)
120:
40:
18:Projection television
2291:Display capabilities
2174:Nine-segment display
1876:Plasma display panel
1489:EasternHiFi.co.nz -
1404:improve this article
1207:to help offset this.
1071:improve this section
904:improve this section
788:Slim cabinet profile
738:Can be wall-mounted.
588:improve this section
387:improve this section
344:Display technologies
240:improve this section
130:, while working for
2320:See-through display
2224:Holographic display
1902:Quantum dot display
791:Can be wall-mounted
335:Color reproduction/
2407:Display technology
2362:Color Light Output
2356:High Dynamic Range
2158:Dot-matrix display
2153:Lightguide display
1824:Display technology
1771:2009-09-07 at the
1551:Google Book Search
1536:Google Book Search
1496:2009-02-17 at the
1264:screen-door effect
1188:Screen-door effect
498:
286:Display resolution
128:Bernard J. Lechner
123:
47:
45:rear-projection TV
2389:
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2315:Always-on display
2106:Electromechanical
2094:
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1508:EngadgetHD.com -
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680:cathode-ray tubes
641:cathode-ray tubes
624:
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316:per square meter.
276:
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151:Screen size (in)
107:Viewing distances
101:cathode-ray tubes
16:(Redirected from
2414:
2367:Flexible display
2329:Related articles
2209:Autostereoscopic
1908:Electronic paper
1854:Cathode-ray tube
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1257:Defective pixels
1195:defective pixels
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1344:Please help to
1343:
1327:
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1288:
1269:Disadvantages:
1232:
1226:
1205:adjustable iris
1193:Possibility of
1182:Disadvantages:
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1137:Disadvantages:
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837:Susceptible to
804:(+ 1:1,000,000)
802:contrast ratios
778:
762:defective pixel
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2048:Liquid crystal
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1781:External links
1779:
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1766:Plasma Vs. LCD
1757:
1754:LCD vs. Plasma
1737:
1730:CNET Australia
1715:
1696:
1677:
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1567:Plasma display
1558:
1555:Ebony Oct 2007
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843:pixel shifting
839:screen burn-in
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823:
820:response times
808:
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776:Plasma display
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502:plasma display
488:Plasma display
486:Main article:
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482:Plasma display
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355:LCD television
353:Main article:
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74:plasma display
56:(colloquially
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2016:(ELQD/QD-LED)
2015:
2012:
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2007:
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1598:
1594:
1593:HowStuffWorks
1589:
1586:
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1571:
1568:
1562:
1559:
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1552:
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1431:
1428:
1424:
1421: –
1420:
1416:
1415:Find sources:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1393:This article
1391:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1361:
1358:February 2008
1351:
1347:
1341:
1340:
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1329:
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1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
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1237:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1224:DLP projector
1223:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:LCD projector
1158:LCD projector
1157:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:CRT projector
1110:CRT projector
1109:
1101:
1098:
1090:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1056:This section
1054:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1021:Disadvantages
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
988:
985:
982:
981:
978:
976:Disadvantages
975:
974:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
954:
953:
950:
947:
946:
942:
934:
931:
923:
913:
909:
905:
899:
898:
894:
889:This section
887:
883:
878:
877:
871:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
833:
832:
829:
827:Disadvantages
826:
825:
821:
817:
816:refresh rates
813:
809:
806:
803:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
786:
783:
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779:
775:
770:
766:
763:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
743:Disadvantages
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
727:
724:
721:
720:
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714:
713:
709:
707:
702:
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669:
663:
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655:
652:
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646:
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638:
635:
634:
633:
629:
618:
615:
607:
597:
593:
589:
583:
582:
578:
573:This section
571:
567:
562:
561:
555:
553:
551:
547:
540:
532:
530:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
507:
503:
494:
489:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:
462:
459:
457:
451:
447:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
417:
414:
406:
396:
392:
388:
382:
381:
377:
372:This section
370:
366:
361:
360:
356:
348:
343:
338:
334:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
311:
310:
305:
302:
299:
298:Response time
296:
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290:
287:
284:
281:
280:
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270:
267:
259:
249:
245:
241:
235:
234:
230:
225:This section
223:
219:
214:
213:
207:
200:
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194:
193:
189:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
144:
143:rule of thumb
139:
137:
133:
129:
119:
114:
106:
104:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:big-screen TV
55:
53:
50:Large-screen
44:
39:
33:
19:
2345:
2277:Transparency
2250:Static media
2204:Stereoscopic
1760:
1709:
1699:
1690:
1680:
1653:Google books
1648:
1638:Google books
1633:
1623:Google books
1618:
1608:Google books
1603:
1588:
1573:
1561:
1546:
1540:HWM Mar 2007
1531:
1516:
1504:
1485:
1466:
1457:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1414:
1402:Please help
1397:verification
1394:
1364:
1355:
1336:
1268:
1234:Advantages:
1233:
1181:
1168:Advantages:
1167:
1136:
1120:Advantages:
1119:
1093:
1084:
1069:Please help
1057:
1010:counterparts
959:counterparts
926:
917:
902:Please help
890:
722:Slim profile
704:
673:
631:
610:
601:
586:Please help
574:
542:
511:
499:
460:
452:
448:
424:
409:
400:
385:Please help
373:
326:Aspect ratio
307:
277:
262:
253:
238:Please help
226:
140:
124:
98:
57:
49:
48:
2241:Fog display
2214:Multiscopic
2131:Fiber-optic
2043:Quantum dot
1750:Crutchfield
1350:introducing
1201:black level
852:technology)
818:and faster
812:motion blur
752:black level
684:image lines
522:ultraviolet
2396:Categories
2282:Laser beam
2236:Volumetric
2196:3D display
2136:Nixie tube
2116:Split-flap
2001:generation
1975:Blue Phase
1895:generation
1842:generation
1430:newspapers
1333:references
1314:References
1297:Video wall
1008:flat-panel
999:Advantages
957:flat-panel
948:Advantages
781:Advantages
715:Advantages
506:dielectric
439:electrodes
435:polarizing
304:Brightness
76:(PDP) and
54:technology
52:television
2336:Scan line
2310:DisplayID
2267:Neon sign
2257:Monoscope
2099:Non-video
1860:Jumbotron
1691:The Verge
1460:June 2009
1087:July 2009
1058:does not
920:July 2009
891:does not
604:July 2009
575:does not
403:July 2009
374:does not
309:luminance
292:Dot pitch
256:July 2009
227:does not
88:(SED) or
66:jumbotron
2219:Hologram
2126:Eggcrate
2111:Flip-dot
2057:display
2038:Laser TV
2009:microLED
1939:(AMOLED)
1893:Current
1849:Eidophor
1769:Archived
1710:TechHive
1494:Archived
1286:See also
1259:are rare
769:ghosting
729:visible.
676:InfoComm
639:: Small
526:phosphor
187:11.5–13
179:2.4-3.5
168:1.5-2.4
2303:CEA-861
1933:(OLED)
1918:Gyricon
1578:Gizmodo
1444:scholar
1346:improve
1307:TFT-LCD
1079:removed
1064:sources
912:removed
897:sources
596:removed
581:sources
443:polymer
395:removed
380:sources
314:candela
248:removed
233:sources
198:>13
176:8–11.5
72:(LCD),
2187:(SISD)
2081:(TDEL)
2075:(FLCD)
2022:(OLET)
1990:(LCoS)
1949:(LCD)
1927:(LED)
1904:(QLED)
1878:(PDP)
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1335:, but
1302:LED TV
1274:hours.
429:on an
201:>4
195:42–55
190:3.5-4
184:32–42
173:26–32
162:15–26
2358:(HDR)
2181:(FSD)
2165:(SSD)
2149:(LEC)
2143:(VFD)
2087:(LPD)
2034:(FED)
2028:(SED)
1999:Next
1984:(DLP)
1913:E Ink
1867:(ELD)
1856:(CRT)
1451:JSTOR
1437:books
1199:Poor
750:Poor
514:xenon
427:pixel
337:gamut
141:As a
2298:EDID
2120:Vane
2066:TMOS
2061:IMoD
2055:MEMS
1882:ALiS
1840:Past
1521:CNET
1423:news
1186:The
1062:any
1060:cite
895:any
893:cite
662:SRAM
579:any
577:cite
518:neon
516:and
378:any
376:cite
231:any
229:cite
165:5–8
1970:LED
1963:IPS
1953:TFT
1553:-
1406:by
1073:by
906:by
850:CRT
810:No
710:LCD
695:CRT
590:by
431:LCD
389:by
242:by
132:RCA
43:DLP
2398::
1958:TN
1752:-
1740:^
1732:-
1718:^
1708:.
1689:.
1663:^
1655:-
1640:-
1625:-
1610:-
1595:-
1580:-
1538:-
1523:-
500:A
425:A
138:.
96:.
1816:e
1809:t
1802:v
1712:.
1693:.
1473:)
1467:(
1462:)
1458:(
1448:·
1441:·
1434:·
1427:·
1400:.
1371:)
1365:(
1360:)
1356:(
1342:.
1100:)
1094:(
1089:)
1085:(
1081:.
1067:.
933:)
927:(
922:)
918:(
914:.
900:.
764:.
617:)
611:(
606:)
602:(
598:.
584:.
416:)
410:(
405:)
401:(
397:.
383:.
269:)
263:(
258:)
254:(
250:.
236:.
34:.
20:)
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