507:. A fragmentary record from Anumakomda suggests that he patronized the Shaivite ascetic Rameshvara Pandita, who had earlier received patronage of his brother Durga-raja II. The 1098 CE Kazipet dargah inscription suggests that Durga-raja granted the Shiva-pura locality constructed by their father Beta II to Rameshvara, who belonged to the
261:
The
Kakatiya inscriptions suggest that Prola II defeated another Chalukya general named Govinda, and reinstated the Choda chief Udaya II as ruler. The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola captured Govinda-raja, then released him, and bestowed his kingdom on Udaya-raja. The Ganapeshvaram
244:
Sastry speculates that Prola II's brother Durga-raja joined the rebellion against the
Chalukya king. Prola stayed loyal to the Chalukyas, defeated the rebels, and usurped the power from Durga-raja. Sastry's theory is based on the 1120 CE Matedu inscription issued by Prola II's vassal Vembola Boddama
287:
territory in this region was contested among members of the Choda chiefs of
Kanduru, who were Chalukya vassals. After the death of the Choda chief Udaya I, Gokarna probably succeeded him on the throne of Panugallu. It appears that differences developed between Gokarna and other members of the Choda
386:
The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola forced Eda to flee the battlefield in presence of the king despite being invited to fight. A fragmentary inscription, found at
Anumakomda (Hanamkonda) and issued by Gangadhara (a minister of Prola II's son Rudra), also states that Prola forced
236:
theorizes that the
Paramara prince Jagaddeva and the Polavasa chief Meda-raja rebelled against the Chalukya king, since inscriptions during 1108-1112 CE do not mention any overlord. Jagaddeva may have been unhappy because the Chalukya king transferred the control of the Sabbi-1000 province (the
369:
Prola II participated in this campaign as a
Chalukya subordinate, and beheaded Gumda. The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola II beheaded Gumda, the lord of Mantrakuta. The Ganapeshvaram inscription states that Prola killed Manthena Gunda (Gumda) with sword. According to the
228:
departed from the region during this period. The
Kottapalli inscription of Ganapati states that Prola II was so benevolent that he protected even his brother's son. This suggests that Durga-raja's rule came to a sudden end, and his son had to seek asylum with Prola II.
249:) of the Kakatiya family. Epigraphic evidence suggests that the ascension of Prola II was sanctioned by the Chalukya king as well as the family preceptor Rameshvara Pandita. The Kottapalli inscription praises him as the one who elevated the family (
192:. The earliest inscription from Prola II's reign is the 1117 CE Padamakshi Temple inscription. Thus, it is possible that Durga-raja preceded Prola II, ruling sometime between 1108 and 1117 CE. Prola's reign probably started sometime during 1116 CE.
434:. He was killed in a battle fought around 1157 or 1158 during this invasion. Multiple feudatory chiefs appear to have fought against him in this battle, as several of them claim the responsibility for killing him in their inscriptions:
491:
Rudra-deva succeeded him on the throne, followed by Maha-deva. Durggaraja (or Durga-raja), attested by the 1163 CE Daksharamam inscription, held the appanage of
Repalli (or Repolla), and is sometimes called "Repalli Durggaraja"
224:) seems to have been in some kind of political turmoil. Epigraphic evidence suggests that a number of local chiefs died during this period - Beta II, Durga-raja, Meda I of Polavasa, and Meda's son Jagaddeva; the Paramara prince
391:
of
Manyaka "with his hair untied before the king Jagadeka-malla". Eda was probably same as a petty chief of that name attested by an undated fragmentary inscription found at Ramagundam. In this inscription, he bears the titles
522:
The construction of the
Swayambhu temple at Warangal is ascribed to the period of Prola II. His queen was also a Shaivite, and installed an image of Jalandara Bhairava - an aspect of Shiva - on a hill north-west of Inugurthy.
132:
After ascending the Kakatiya throne, Prola II subjugated several chiefs who had rebelled against the Chalukya suzerainty. He defeated the rebel Chalukya general Govinda, and reinstated the Choda chief Udaya II as the ruler of
366:), and Eda of Manyaka. By the early 1120s, Meda I and Gumda had stopped acknowledging Chalukya suzerainty, as attested by their 1122 CE Govindapuram inscription and other epigraphs, which do not refer to any overlord.
288:
family - Gokarna's elder brother Bhima III and Bhima's nephew Shridevi-Tondaya, who rebelled against the Chalukya suzerainty. In 1128 CE, Bhima III killed Gokarna, with the support of the Chalukya general (
241:. The rebels probably attacked the Kakatiya stronghold of Anumakonda, but Prola II defeated them. It is not clear if this event occurred during the reign of Prola II's father Beta II or after his death.
453:
The 1195 CE Pithapuram pillar inscription of Manma Satya and Malli-deva, the Haihaya chiefs of Kona country, describes Manma Satya as "the one whose throne was adorned by the crown on the head of Proḍa-
326:, his brother Tailapa, appears to have asserted independence. Tailapa the governor of the Kanduru-nadu province, portrays himself as a sovereign king in a 1137 CE inscription. Someshvara's successor
423:
in the south. The western boundary of his kingdom is uncertain; in the east, he was unable to capture Vengi in coastal Andhra region, and died in a battle against a confederacy of the local chiefs.
495:
The Yenamadala inscription of Ganapambika names "Madhava" as a son of Prola II, but this appears to be a mistake for "Mahadeva" since the inscription describes Madhava as the father of Ganapati.
217:
does not mention this achievement while listing the military victories achieved during Prola's reign, which suggests that this attack happened before Prola's ascension to the throne.
356:
After subjugating Tailapa, the Chalukya king Jagadeka-malla appears to have marched against other rebel chiefs, including Meda-raja I of Polavasa, his younger brother Gumda of
310:
Someshvara III seems to have dispatched Prola II against the rebels. Sometime during 1130-1136 CE, Prola reinstated Udaya II, the son of Gokarna I, as the ruler of Panugallu-
553:, and a gift of land to this shrine. Mailama, the wife of Prola's minister Betana-pergada, commissioned the shrine. Medarasa of Ugravadi (Meda II), who held the office of
480:
Prola II married Muppamamba (alias Muppama), a sister of the Chalukya vassal Natavadi Durgga-raja, who held a fief near Inugurti (Inugurthy). He had five sons:
472:
The 1149 Sanigaram inscription of Prola II is the last known record of the Kakatiyas as vassals. His son and successor Rudra proclaimed sovereignty in 1163 CE.
464:("a submarine fire to the enemy named Prola"), which suggests that he also participated in the battle that led to Prola's death. Mahadeva-raja served the
1245:
330:
appears to have marched against Tailapa and other rebels after ascending the throne, and Prola II participated in this campaign as a Chalukya vassal.
292:) Govinda. Meanwhile, Tailapa seems to have indirectly encouraged the rebellion against his brother Someshvara III, and possibly divided Panugallu-
348:, and believed that Prola II established the Chalukya sovereignty by revolting against him, but there is little evidence to support this theory.
1213:
1106:
221:
307:(an officer of Vengi), but Sastry notes that this no historical records attest this person's presence in the Telangana region at the time.
1394:
1184:
531:
527:
337:
in war, and then released him out of "loyalty and affection". The Ganapeshvaram inscription states that Prola led Tailapa-
407:
Eda was probably a relative of Gumda, and probably fled from the battlefield during the battle between Prola and Gumda.
1350:
1344:
485:
214:
184:. The last inscription from the reign of Prola II's father is the 1107 CE Sanigaram inscription. The earlier, 1098 CE
165:
1238:
281:
134:
1384:
1231:
468:
king Malla Vishnu-vardhana of the Beta Vijayaditya line, and bears this title in an inscription of his overlord.
245:
Mallenayaka of the Pulinda family. This inscription states that Mallenayaka's father Reva defeated the agnates (
299:
Historian P.V.P Sastry identifies Govinda with the governor of Komdapalli-sima, who was a nephew of Anantapala
1283:
1151:
233:
371:
1173:
N. Venkataramanayya; M. Somasekhara Sarma (1960). "The Kakatiyas of Warangal". In Ghulam Yazdani (ed.).
1389:
1208:. Vol. 4 (Part 1) (1987 reprint ed.). Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
103:
1116:
D.B.V. Pratap (1981). "The Padmakshi Temple at Hanamkonda Andhra Pradesh (A Jain or Hidu temple?)".
149:, and forced Eda of Manyaka to retreat, probably during an anti-rebel campaign of the Chalukya king
1125:
465:
266:(general) to flee the battlefield, and reinstated Chododaya ("Udaya the Choda") to his position.
526:
According to the Anumakomda inscription, Prola II crossed the Krishna river, worshipped the god
156:
Prola died in a battle against an alliance of chiefs, probably during an attempt to conquer the
1209:
1190:
1180:
1161:
1102:
327:
150:
1138:
374:
inscription, Gumda was humiliated by having his head shaved and having his chest marked with
1254:
579:
570:
542:
122:
73:
27:
427:
277:
213:'s invasion of Anumakomda. The Ganapeshvaram (Ganapeswaram) inscription of his grandson
1076:
416:
323:
273:
157:
142:
1378:
420:
129:, a former Chalukya vassal, attacked Anumakomda, but Prola II repulsed this attack.
1362:
1356:
575:
566:
530:, and set up a victory pillar there. This victory pillar is not traceable now. The
439:
276:, and had been governing the Kanduru-nadu province since the reign of their father
189:
1202:
N. Venkataramanayya; P.V.P. Sastry (1957). "The Kākatīyas". In R.S. Sharma (ed.).
1203:
1174:
1155:
1096:
1098:
Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra
345:
488:, Harihara, Ganapati (not to be confused with his grandson), and Durgga-raja.
446:
queen Surama-mahadevi states that her husband Kota-chodaya-raja held the title
303:. M. Somasekhara Sharma identified him with Govinda, the son of Bagi Madimayya
443:
99:
1165:
1338:
1315:
1277:
1194:
538:
516:
508:
481:
206:
181:
161:
118:
107:
57:
46:
460:
Another chief - Mahadeva-raja of the Surya-vamsa family, assumes the title
1291:
504:
431:
357:
225:
210:
146:
126:
95:
1129:
1309:
1303:
546:
537:
Prola honoured the Jain mendicant Tridandi at Hidambasram (present-day
362:
238:
188:
dargah inscription suggests that Prola II's brother Durga-raja was the
185:
177:
114:
83:
68:
1297:
375:
333:
The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola captured Tailpa-
1179:. Vol. IX: The Kākatīyas of Warangal. Oxford University Press.
237:
Sabbi-nadu region with 1000 villages) from him to Prola II's father
1223:
145:
and a governor, who had asserted sovereignty. He beheaded Gumda of
404:, which are similar to Meda's titles in the Polavasa inscription.
850:
848:
1030:
1028:
947:
945:
778:
776:
205:
The 19 January 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription of Prola II's son
1227:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1003:
1001:
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974:
972:
893:
891:
889:
887:
835:
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803:
739:
737:
735:
733:
908:
906:
672:
670:
668:
666:
653:
651:
649:
647:
622:
620:
344:
Earlier historians identified Tailapa with the Chalukya king
314:. After the death of Prola II, his son Rudra defeated Bhima.
220:
During 1107-1117 CE, the Sabbi-nadu region (centered around
121:
on the throne. Sometime before Prola II's ascension, the
110:, the first sovereign ruler of the Kakatiya family.
1331:
1261:
98:chief who ruled the area around Anumakomda (modern
79:
67:
63:
53:
42:
34:
26:
21:
257:Victory against Govinda and reinstatement of Udaya
272:Tailapa was a younger brother the Chalukya king
1205:A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206
924:
1176:The Early History of the Deccan Parts VII - XI
1034:
951:
936:
782:
341:off after attacking the elephants and horses.
1239:
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839:
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767:
755:
743:
724:
712:
700:
688:
676:
657:
638:
626:
611:
599:
450:("the one who destroyed the Kakatiya Prola").
8:
426:During his last years, Prola II invaded the
1160:. Hyderabad: Government of Andhra Pradesh.
912:
322:During the last years of the Chalukya king
117:, and probably succeeded his elder brother
1246:
1232:
1224:
1118:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
545:inscription records the construction of a
262:inscription states that he forced Govinda-
18:
113:Prola II was a son of the Kakatiya chief
141:Tailapa, a brother of the Chalukya king
1318:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1108-1116)
1312:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1076-1108)
1140:History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D.
592:
415:Prola's kingdom probably extended from
1077:"Welcome To Sri Sanghameshwara Temple"
296:between Shridevi-Tondaya and Govinda.
209:states that Prola II quickly repulsed
7:
1300:alias Garuda Beta (r. c. 996-1051)
534:was constructed during his reign.
378:, a Chalukya and Kakatiya emblem.
14:
1294:alias Pindi-Gunda (r. c. 955-995)
515:of Mallikarjuna-Shila matha of
457:". Proḍa is a variant of Prola.
201:Repulsion of Jagaddeva's attack
532:Trilinga Sanghameshwara Temple
137:(modern Panagal). He captured
1:
168:succeeded him on the throne.
1274:Gunda II (r. c. ?-865)
1146:. Guntur: P. G. Publishers.
1101:. Oxford University Press.
94:(r. c. 1116-1157 CE) was a
1411:
1395:12th-century Indian people
1154:(1978). N. Ramesan (ed.).
528:Mallikarjuna at Shrishaila
394:Lattalur-puravaradhishvara
180:, and had a brother named
1157:The Kākatiyas of Warangal
1137:G. Durga Prasad (1988).
1079:. Sanghameshwara temple.
1095:Cynthia Talbot (2001).
430:kingdom, then ruled by
106:. He was the father of
448:Kakati-Prola-nirdahana
372:Thousand Pillar Temple
200:
176:Prola II was a son of
1271:Gunda I (r. c. 815-?)
1268:Venna (r. c. 800-815)
770:, pp. 77–80, 86.
398:Suvarna-garuda-dhvaja
102:) as a vassal of the
927:, pp. 119, 124.
925:G. Durga Prasad 1988
557:, donated the land.
419:in the north to the
1035:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
952:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
937:Cynthia Talbot 2001
783:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
541:hill). The 1117 CE
442:inscription of the
1064:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1052:D.B.V. Pratap 1981
1020:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1008:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
993:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
981:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
964:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
898:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
879:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
867:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
855:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
840:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
825:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
810:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
795:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
768:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
756:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
744:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
725:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
713:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
701:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
689:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
677:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
658:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
639:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
627:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
612:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
600:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
578:, the last of the
555:Maha-mandaleshvara
511:sect, and was the
462:Prodari-badabanala
402:Maha-mandaleshvara
382:Subjugation of Eda
352:Beheading of Gumda
318:Capture of Tailapa
1372:
1371:
1365:(r. c. 1289-1323)
1363:Prataparudra-deva
1359:(r. c. 1262-1289)
1353:(r. c. 1199-1262)
1347:(r. c. 1196-1199)
1341:(r. c. 1158-1195)
1324:(r. c. 1116-1157)
1306:(r. c. 1052-1076)
1280:(died before 900)
1215:978-81-7007-121-1
1108:978-0-19803-123-9
869:, p. 76, 85.
857:, pp. 81–85.
758:, pp. 76–77.
715:, pp. 75–76.
703:, pp. 73–74.
691:, pp. 70–73.
641:, pp. 74–75.
569:, a queen of the
551:Kadalalaya-basadi
328:Jagadeka-malla II
160:region. His sons
151:Jagadeka-malla II
104:Kalyani Chalukyas
89:
88:
49:(c. 1108–1116 CE)
38:(c. 1116–1157 CE)
1402:
1385:Kakatiya dynasty
1262:Feudatory chiefs
1255:Kakatiya dynasty
1248:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1198:
1169:
1147:
1145:
1133:
1112:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1066:, p. 47-49.
1061:
1055:
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1038:
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996:
990:
984:
978:
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913:R.S. Sharma 1957
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741:
728:
727:, p. 75-80.
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674:
661:
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642:
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571:Kakatiya dynasty
543:Padmakshi Temple
19:
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503:Prola II was a
501:
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413:
384:
354:
320:
278:Vikramaditya VI
259:
203:
198:
196:Military career
174:
17:
12:
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5:
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1107:
1091:
1089:
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1068:
1056:
1054:, p. 696.
1039:
1037:, p. 585.
1024:
1012:
997:
985:
968:
956:
954:, p. 584.
941:
939:, p. 184.
929:
917:
915:, p. 202.
902:
883:
871:
859:
844:
829:
814:
799:
787:
785:, p. 583.
772:
760:
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466:Vengi Chalukya
458:
451:
428:Velanati Choda
417:Godavari River
412:
409:
383:
380:
353:
350:
324:Someshvara III
319:
316:
274:Someshvara III
258:
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158:coastal Andhra
143:Someshvara III
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16:Kakatiya chief
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1029:
1025:
1022:, p. 36.
1021:
1016:
1013:
1010:, p. 87.
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
986:
983:, p. 86.
982:
977:
975:
973:
969:
966:, p. 95.
965:
960:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
938:
933:
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926:
921:
918:
914:
909:
907:
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900:, p. 85.
899:
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881:, p. 83.
880:
875:
872:
868:
863:
860:
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851:
849:
845:
842:, p. 89.
841:
836:
834:
830:
827:, p. 84.
826:
821:
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812:, p. 80.
811:
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796:
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678:
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659:
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629:, p. 74.
628:
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613:
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360:(or Manthena-
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25:
20:
1357:Rudrama-devi
1321:
1204:
1175:
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1139:
1121:
1117:
1097:
1088:Bibliography
1071:
1059:
1015:
995:, p. 2.
988:
959:
932:
920:
874:
862:
790:
763:
751:
720:
708:
696:
684:
634:
607:
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576:Prataparudra
567:Rudrama Devi
554:
550:
536:
525:
521:
512:
502:
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438:The 1158 CE
425:
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190:crown prince
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112:
91:
90:
1390:1157 deaths
1124:: 695–698.
517:Shriparvata
440:Daksharamam
346:Tailapa III
43:Predecessor
1379:Categories
1332:Sovereigns
587:References
482:Rudra-deva
455:kshitipala
358:Mantrakuta
282:Panugallu-
232:Historian
222:Vemulavada
207:Rudra-deva
182:Durga-raja
172:Early life
162:Rudra-deva
147:Mantrakuta
119:Durga-raja
108:Rudra-deva
100:Hanamkonda
1316:Durgaraja
1278:Gunda III
1166:252341228
539:Madikonda
509:Kalamukha
486:Maha-deva
226:Jagaddeva
211:Jagaddeva
166:Maha-deva
135:Panugallu
127:Jagaddeva
58:Rudradeva
54:Successor
47:Durgaraja
1345:Mahadeva
1322:Prola II
1292:Gunda IV
1195:59001459
1130:44141198
580:Kakatiya
561:See also
505:Shaivite
499:Religion
432:Gonka II
290:damdesha
264:damdesha
215:Ganapati
123:Paramara
96:Kakatiya
92:Prola II
74:Kakatiya
28:Kakatiya
1310:Beta II
1304:Prola I
513:acharya
389:bhupala
363:vishaya
239:Beta II
186:Kazipet
178:Beta II
125:prince
115:Beta II
84:Beta II
69:Dynasty
1298:Beta I
1288:Betiya
1212:
1193:
1183:
1164:
1128:
1105:
582:rulers
400:, and
376:varaha
305:nayaka
280:. The
270:Kumara
139:Kumara
80:Father
1339:Rudra
1144:(PDF)
1126:JSTOR
547:Jaina
411:Death
312:rajya
294:rajya
284:rajya
247:dāyas
35:Reign
30:chief
22:Prola
1284:Erra
1210:ISBN
1191:OCLC
1181:ISBN
1162:OCLC
1103:ISBN
444:Kota
387:Eda-
339:deva
335:deva
164:and
253:).
1381::
1189:.
1122:42
1120:.
1042:^
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519:.
484:,
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153:.
1247:e
1240:t
1233:v
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1111:.
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