262:
187:
52:
512:
37:
28:
575:
684:
580:
579:
1020:
Clinical studies indicate that propylene carbonate does not cause skin irritation or sensitization when used in cosmetic preparations, whereas moderate skin irritation is observed when used undiluted. No significant toxic effects were observed in rats fed propylene carbonate, exposed to the vapor, or
578:
520:
492:
823:
The process is particularly attractive since the production of these epoxides consumes carbon dioxide. Thus this reaction is a good example of a green process. The corresponding reaction of
554:
1331:
Teo C. A., Donald W. A. (May 2014). "Solution additives for supercharging proteins beyond the theoretical maximum proton-transfer limit in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry".
697:
1192:
1144:
581:
311:
1293:
1068:
1274:
1209:
1161:
596:
1081:
603:
276:
944:
471:
704:
548:
219:
240:
511:
1462:
1022:
1001:
mass spectrometry, propylene carbonate is doped into low surface tension solutions to increase analyte charging.
589:
1421:"REVISION TO DEFINITION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - EXCLUSION OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND DIMETHYL CARBONATE"
626:
1452:
998:
860:
1096:
182:
1043:
1457:
912:
756:
534:
504:
983:
in the 1950s for use at the
Terrell County Gas Plant in West Texas, now owned by Occidental Petroleum.
144:
64:
987:
940:
257:
110:
1247:
1038:
666:
662:
1307:
51:
1387:
1348:
1270:
1205:
1157:
1077:
1005:
980:
827:
with phosgene is complex, yielding not only propylene carbonate but also oligomeric products.
748:
639:
1379:
1340:
1239:
1197:
1149:
1009:
835:
744:
724:
426:
414:
334:
36:
228:
1405:
991:
928:
924:
824:
784:
760:
752:
740:
164:
120:
1029:
and because its vapor is not known or suspected to cause cancer or other toxic effects.
645:
261:
186:
27:
1289:
960:
675:
1021:
exposed to the undiluted liquid. In the US, propylene carbonate is not regulated as a
1446:
1100:
876:
775:, propylene and ethylene carbonates are exceptions. They are mainly prepared by the
403:
393:
175:
1368:"Dielectric properties and relaxation in ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate"
1251:
1367:
1124:
916:
896:
892:
839:
979:
S is not also present. This use was developed by El Paso
Natural Gas Company and
208:
1178:
968:
936:
920:
776:
615:
1227:
362:
155:
1391:
1201:
1153:
1008:
propylene carbonate (or most other carbonate esters) might be used to create
540:
1073:
964:
932:
884:
1420:
1352:
1113:
986:
Propylene carbonate product may be converted to other carbonate esters by
956:
900:
772:
602:
595:
588:
561:
1383:
1243:
1025:(VOC) because it does not contribute significantly to the formation of
868:
856:
780:
383:
285:
InChI=1S/C5H8O6/c1-3(11-5(8)9)2-10-4(6)7/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-1
195:
1344:
295:
InChI=1/C5H8O6/c1-3(11-5(8)9)2-10-4(6)7/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-1
888:
451:
674:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
971:. Propylene carbonate is also used as a solvent for removal of CO
880:
872:
864:
458:
143:
133:
1228:"Electrodeposition of the alkali metals from propylene carbonate"
1026:
831:
915:(dielectric constant) of 64, it is frequently used as a high-
245:
35:
26:
1366:
Payne, Richard; Theodorou, Ignatius E. (September 1972).
935:
shell around lithium ions, thereby creating a conductive
573:
931:). Its high polarity allows it to create an effective
692:
927:, usually together with a low-viscosity solvent (e.g.
771:
Although many organic carbonates are produced using
747:. This colorless and odorless liquid is useful as a
1308:"Comparison of Fluor Solvent and Selexol Processes"
903:and other salts dissolved in propylene carbonate.
830:Propylene carbonate can also be synthesized from
207:
1406:"Environmental Profile for Propylene Carbonate"
577:
119:
1193:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1145:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
955:Propylene carbonate can also be found in some
1408:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998.
1179:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie049948i
992:Carbonate ester#Carbonate transesterification
8:
398:−48.8 °C (−55.8 °F; 224.3 K)
1177:Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea
975:from natural gas and synthesis gas where H
883:). It is possible, for example, to obtain
260:
185:
163:
15:
1137:
1135:
1133:
227:
855:Propylene carbonate is used as a polar,
1055:
316:
281:
256:
1142:Hans-Josef Buysch. "Carbonic Esters".
634:455 °C (851 °F; 728 K)
620:132 °C (270 °F; 405 K)
408:242 °C (468 °F; 515 K)
176:
1294:Consumer Product Information Database
1069:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
1061:
1059:
867:), considerably higher than those of
288:Key: ZEBXBLIKXVICMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
7:
1125:WebBook page for propylene carbonate
298:Key: ZEBXBLIKXVICMJ-REWHXWOFAP
198:
1425:US Environmental Protection Agency
14:
1372:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
1072:(92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL:
943:due to its destructive effect on
90:Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
1066:Haynes, William M., ed. (2011).
682:
510:
346:
50:
1226:J. Jorné; C. W. Tobias (1975).
678:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
420:Very soluble (240 g/L at 20°C)
472:Occupational safety and health
352:
340:
88:Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate
1:
939:. However, it is not used in
86:Carbonic acid propylene ester
82:)-4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
94:4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
1267:Nonaqueous Electrochemistry
69:4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
22:
1479:
1190:Dieter Stoye. "Solvents".
755:. Propylene carbonate is
646:MSDS by Mallinckrodt Baker
84:Cyclic propylene carbonate
1023:volatile organic compound
672:
651:
491:
469:
464:
444:
327:
307:
272:
103:
92:1,2-Propanediol carbonate
75:
63:
58:
49:
21:
1202:10.1002/14356007.a24_437
1154:10.1002/14356007.a05_197
859:solvent. It has a high
549:Precautionary statements
1196:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1148:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
999:electrospray ionization
861:molecular dipole moment
1265:Doron Aurbach (1999).
1044:Trimethylene carbonate
967:. It is also used as
584:
40:
31:
941:lithium-ion batteries
913:relative permittivity
759:, but is used as the
583:
39:
30:
1419:Johnson, William L.
1232:J. Appl. Electrochem
566:(fire diamond)
65:Preferred IUPAC name
17:Propylene carbonate
1384:10.1021/j100664a019
1290:Propylene carbonate
1097:Propylene carbonate
988:transesterification
719:(often abbreviated
717:Propylene carbonate
415:Solubility in water
370: g·mol
18:
1244:10.1007/BF00608791
1039:Ethylene carbonate
783:(epoxypropane, or
763:in most contexts.
727:with the formula C
705:Infobox references
667:Dimethyl carbonate
663:Ethylene carbonate
652:Related compounds
585:
41:
32:
16:
1378:(20): 2892–2900.
1345:10.1021/ac500304r
1010:tertiary alcohols
1006:Grignard reaction
981:Fluor Corporation
925:lithium batteries
739:. It is a cyclic
713:Chemical compound
711:
710:
658:Related compounds
640:Safety data sheet
535:Hazard statements
378:Colorless liquid
241:CompTox Dashboard
145:Interactive image
45:
44:
1470:
1463:Carbonate esters
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1139:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1063:
911:Due to its high
836:propylene glycol
745:propylene glycol
725:organic compound
695:
689:
686:
685:
605:
598:
591:
576:
556:
542:
514:
427:Refractive index
369:
354:
348:
342:
335:Chemical formula
265:
264:
249:
247:
231:
211:
200:
189:
178:
167:
147:
123:
54:
23:
19:
1478:
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1418:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1399:
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1364:
1360:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1035:
1018:
978:
974:
961:paint strippers
953:
929:dimethoxyethane
909:
853:
848:
825:1,2-propanediol
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
785:propylene oxide
769:
761:racemic mixture
753:aprotic solvent
741:carbonate ester
738:
734:
730:
714:
707:
702:
701:
700: ?)
691:
687:
683:
679:
665:
659:
631:
628:
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609:
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607:
600:
593:
586:
582:
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551:
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523:
507:
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137:
126:
113:
99:
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85:
83:
71:
70:
12:
11:
5:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1453:Ester solvents
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1411:
1397:
1358:
1339:(9): 4455–62.
1323:
1298:
1282:
1276:978-0824773342
1275:
1257:
1238:(4): 279–290.
1218:
1211:978-3527306732
1210:
1182:
1170:
1163:978-3527306732
1162:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1089:
1082:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1017:
1014:
976:
972:
952:
949:
908:
905:
852:
849:
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844:
821:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
768:
765:
736:
732:
728:
712:
709:
708:
703:
681:
680:
676:standard state
673:
670:
669:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
648:
643:
636:
635:
632:
625:
622:
621:
618:
612:
611:
601:
594:
587:
572:
571:
570:
569:
567:
558:
557:
555:P305+P351+P338
552:
547:
544:
543:
538:
533:
530:
529:
524:
519:
516:
515:
508:
503:
500:
499:
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461:
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109:
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101:
100:
77:
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61:
60:
56:
55:
47:
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42:
33:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1464:
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1456:
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1451:
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1448:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
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1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1309:
1306:Schendel, R.
1302:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1269:. CRC Press.
1268:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:GESTIS 070730
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:Sigma-Aldrich
1098:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1083:1-4398-5511-0
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
990:as well (see
989:
984:
982:
970:
966:
962:
958:
950:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
919:component of
918:
914:
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
893:alkali metals
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:ethyl acetate
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
850:
845:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
790:
789:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:derived from
742:
726:
722:
718:
706:
699:
694:
677:
671:
668:
664:
661:
656:
655:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
637:
633:
630:
624:
623:
619:
617:
614:
613:
606:
599:
592:
568:
565:
564:
560:
559:
553:
550:
546:
545:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
517:
513:
509:
506:
502:
501:
497:
495:
490:
487:
484:
479:
478:
474:
473:
468:
463:
460:
456:
453:
452:Dipole moment
449:
448:
443:
439:
432:
428:
424:
423:
419:
416:
412:
411:
407:
405:
404:Boiling point
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:Melting point
392:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
373:
366:
364:
361:
360:
339:
336:
332:
331:
326:
317:
313:
306:
292:
282:
278:
271:
263:
259:
258:DTXSID2026789
255:
254:
252:
242:
238:
237:
230:
226:
225:
223:
221:
218:
217:
210:
206:
205:
203:
197:
193:
192:
188:
184:
181:
179:
177:ECHA InfoCard
174:
173:
166:
162:
161:
159:
157:
154:
153:
146:
142:
141:
139:
135:
130:
129:
122:
118:
117:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
96:Arconate 5000
81:
74:
66:
62:
57:
53:
48:
38:
34:
29:
25:
24:
20:
1458:Plasticizers
1429:. Retrieved
1424:
1414:
1400:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1301:
1285:
1266:
1260:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1191:
1185:
1173:
1143:
1120:
1108:
1092:
1067:
1019:
1003:
996:
985:
954:
921:electrolytes
917:permittivity
910:
897:electrolysis
891:, and other
854:
851:As a solvent
846:Applications
840:zinc acetate
829:
822:
770:
720:
716:
715:
627:Autoignition
562:
526:
493:
485:
481:Main hazards
470:
430:
319:CC1COC(=O)O1
104:Identifiers
79:
76:Other names
969:plasticizer
937:electrolyte
907:Electrolyte
777:carbonation
767:Preparation
629:temperature
616:Flash point
521:Signal word
475:(OHS/OSH):
388:1.205 g/cm
375:Appearance
328:Properties
183:100.003.248
1447:Categories
1333:Anal. Chem
1050:References
505:Pictograms
445:Structure
363:Molar mass
229:8D08K3S51E
156:ChemSpider
132:3D model (
111:CAS Number
98:Texacar PC
1392:0022-3654
1074:CRC Press
965:cosmetics
963:, and in
957:adhesives
933:solvation
901:chlorides
899:of their
885:potassium
496:labelling
1427:. US EPA
1353:24712886
1252:93629501
1033:See also
945:graphite
799:O + CO
781:epoxides
773:phosgene
723:) is an
563:NFPA 704
486:Irritant
465:Hazards
121:108-32-7
1431:11 July
1316:4 April
1292:in the
869:acetone
857:aprotic
787:here):
779:of the
698:what is
696: (
527:Warning
440:1.4189
384:Density
368:102.089
196:PubChem
1390:
1351:
1273:
1250:
1208:
1160:
1080:
1016:Safety
889:sodium
879:(1.78
875:) and
871:(2.91
838:over
803:→ CH
757:chiral
693:verify
690:
642:(SDS)
312:SMILES
59:Names
1311:(PDF)
1248:S2CID
1112:GHS:
951:Other
863:(4.9
749:polar
277:InChI
134:JSmol
1433:2015
1388:ISSN
1349:PMID
1318:2016
1271:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1027:smog
834:and
832:urea
795:CHCH
541:H319
457:4.9
220:UNII
209:7924
165:7636
1380:doi
1341:doi
1240:doi
1198:doi
1150:doi
1099:at
1004:In
997:In
994:).
923:in
895:by
494:GHS
246:EPA
199:CID
1449::
1423:.
1386:.
1376:76
1374:.
1370:.
1347:.
1337:86
1335:.
1246:.
1234:.
1230:.
1204:.
1156:.
1132:^
1076:.
1058:^
1012:.
959:,
947:.
887:,
842:.
819:CO
791:CH
751:,
721:PC
498::
80:RS
1435:.
1394:.
1382::
1355:.
1343::
1320:.
1296:.
1279:.
1254:.
1242::
1236:5
1216:.
1214:.
1200::
1168:.
1166:.
1152::
1127:.
1103:.
1086:.
977:2
973:2
881:D
873:D
865:D
817:2
815:O
813:3
811:H
809:2
807:C
805:3
801:2
797:2
793:3
737:3
735:O
733:6
731:H
729:4
688:N
604:1
597:1
590:1
459:D
436:)
434:D
431:n
429:(
356:3
353:O
350:6
347:H
344:4
341:C
248:)
244:(
136:)
78:(
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