63:
33:
352:. It is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the blockage of pilosebaceous units causing inflammatory lesions, non-inflammatory lesions or a mixture of both on the face, neck and/or chest. Acne vulgaris cannot be defined as an infectious disease since the bacteria is found on a vast majority of individuals without causing lesions.
364:
where they proliferate to form micro-comedones, not visible to the naked eye, which can later form structures such as closed comedones (white heads) and open comedones. These comedones can rupture, releasing the follicular material inside the dermis. The cause of this rupture was thought to be the
365:
indirect effect of fat metabolism by the bacteria, however it was later found that bacteria are directly involved in comedome rupturing by producing factors such as proteases, hyaluronidases and neuraminidases which might be involved in thinning of the epithelium.
927:
Zeller, Valérie A.; Letembet, Valérie-Anne; Meyssonnier, Vanina A.; Heym, Beate; Ziza, Jean-Marc; Marmor, Simon D. (2018-02-12). "Cutibacterium (Formerly
Propionibacterium) avidum: A Rare but Avid Agent of Prosthetic Hip Infection".
3476:
795:
378:
1259:
1449:
893:
3450:
3489:
1263:
382:
3313:
2822:
2253:
1815:
1591:
1158:
Majeski, J. A.; Stinnett, J. D. (March 1977). "Chemoattractant properties of
Corynebacterium parvum and pyran copolymer for human monocytes and neutrophils".
3424:
369:
can also produce immune factors such as proinflammatory cytokine inducing-factors and chemotactic factors, and can induce host complement pathways.
3463:
815:
Cheung, Y.F., Fung, C., and Walsh, C. "Stereochemistry of propionyl-coenzyme A and pyruvate carboxylations catalyzed by transcarboxylase." 1975.
1442:
906:
Kiatpapan P., Murooka Y. Genetic manipulation system in propionibacteria. Journal of
Bioscience and Bioengineering. 93 (1) (pp 1–8), 2002
1377:
392:
764:
Orla-Jensen S. (1909). "Die
Hauptlinien des natürlichen Bakteriensystems" [The main lineages of natural bacterial systems].
1103:"Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacterium acnes: implications for chronic inflammatory acne"
3525:
1487:
1435:
617:
426:
303:
184:
145:
44:
1482:
650:
478:
167:
62:
3468:
3321:
1566:
1556:
1539:
1326:
3553:
1203:"Complement activation in acne vulgaris: in vitro studies with Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum"
265:. They are virtually ubiquitous and do not cause problems for most people, but propionibacteria have been implicated in
843:
1305:
3494:
1971:
337:
are commensal bacteria that can occasionally cause infectious diseases. The most studied of these infections is
3558:
1409:
1382:
1355:
871:
739:
399:
2838:
3290:
3134:
2930:
1571:
744:
347:
2202:
3338:
3115:
2322:
2302:
1786:
216:
3376:
2754:
2655:
2648:
2629:
2456:
2376:
2155:
1534:
1009:
3216:
3042:
3018:
2989:
2876:
2800:
2684:
2662:
1903:
915:
2922:
2766:
2388:
2351:
2329:
2238:
2226:
232:
3530:
3504:
3398:
3185:
3122:
3004:
2898:
2214:
2143:
2120:
1737:
1700:
1648:
242:
114:
2788:
2617:
2407:
2369:
3297:
3191:
2946:
2739:
2669:
2281:
2125:
104:
3278:
3204:
2636:
3240:
3030:
2727:
2419:
2269:
1551:
1529:
1517:
1492:
961:
57:
770:
Central
Journal for Bacteriology, Parasite Science, Infectious Diseases and Hygiene, Section II
766:
Zentralblatt für
Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II
3512:
3455:
3385:
2977:
2538:
2444:
1561:
1524:
1512:
1502:
1240:
1222:
1183:
1175:
1140:
1122:
1083:
1075:
953:
945:
887:
1980:
3517:
3196:
2954:
2909:
2862:
2700:
1866:
1476:
1230:
1214:
1167:
1130:
1114:
1065:
937:
3247:
3151:
2964:
2959:
2713:
2515:
2493:
2308:
2021:
1992:
1942:
1777:
1672:
1640:
1022:
1001:
848:
258:
40:
3227:
3166:
3157:
3054:
3010:
2818:
2781:
2695:
2587:
2528:
2031:
2008:
1711:
1624:
1611:
1606:
1507:
1427:
228:
84:
1235:
1202:
1135:
1102:
3547:
3233:
2887:
2606:
2546:
2523:
2462:
2249:
2132:
2110:
2079:
2053:
1954:
1768:
1659:
1635:
1616:
1587:
338:
320:
94:
1118:
3093:
3083:
2807:
2599:
2571:
2480:
2400:
2336:
2191:
2166:
2089:
1685:
1667:
965:
312:
291:
246:
137:
3390:
1218:
3481:
1036:
3437:
3370:
3065:
2969:
2576:
2503:
284:
254:
3361:
985:
941:
870:
Strickland,Gary; Richards, Chris; Zhang,Hailin; and Step, D.L (February 2017).
791:
3178:
3070:
2849:
2581:
2508:
1845:
1811:
1691:
1458:
295:
276:
In ruminants, propionibacteria reduce nitrate to nontoxic nitrogen compounds.
224:
1404:
1226:
1179:
1126:
1079:
949:
3411:
2561:
1827:
1171:
1070:
1053:
361:
957:
844:"UC Berkeley Bacteria Study: Research Shows Humans A Major Source Of Germs"
1284:
1144:
1087:
356:
colonize the skin only under certain favorable conditions. In most cases,
32:
3355:
1546:
1462:
1350:
1244:
1187:
220:
74:
3429:
1833:
157:
3442:
1201:
Webster, G F; Leyden, J J; Norman, M E; Nilsson, U R (November 1978).
273:
was the most prevalent human skin-associated genus of microorganisms.
984:
Bhatia, Ajay; Maisonneuve, Jean-Francoise; Persing, David H. (2004).
828:
Bojar, R., and
Holland, K. "Acne and propionibacterium acnes." 2004.
235:
3332:
3416:
250:
1002:"Acne Vulgaris: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology"
266:
262:
3336:
1431:
3403:
796:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
379:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
3345:
3270:
3144:
2945:
2830:
2817:
2560:
2492:
2434:
2361:
2261:
2248:
2184:
2103:
2072:
2065:
1970:
1810:
1758:
1599:
1586:
1101:Vowels, B R; Yang, S; Leyden, J J (August 1995).
294:compounds, and propionic acid, as well as in the
916:Making Swiss Cheese - David B. Fankhauser, Ph.D.
377:The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
269:and other skin conditions. One study found the
1443:
1264:National Center for Biotechnology Information
874:. Oklahoma State University Extension Service
383:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
987:PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES AND CHRONIC DISEASES
892:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
253:and other animals, living in and around the
3333:
2827:
2258:
2069:
1596:
1450:
1436:
1428:
31:
20:
1234:
1134:
1069:
1160:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
387:
1038:ACNE and ROSACEA | G. Plewig | Springer
756:
1018:
1007:
885:
785:
783:
131:Orla-Jensen 1909 (Approved Lists 1980)
979:
977:
975:
283:are widely used in the production of
7:
3505:0a6188fe-319c-4a97-8ac4-aa93a84e0c46
666:
642:
594:
587:
577:
497:
470:
445:
431:van Niel 1928 (Approved Lists 1980)
418:
408:
151:van Niel 1928 (Approved Lists 1980)
1054:"Skin microbiology: coming of age"
14:
842:Rust, Susanne (4 February 2012).
219:, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of
990:. National Academies Press (US).
304:Propionibacterium freudenreichii
146:Propionibacterium freudenreichii
61:
46:Propionibacterium freudenreichii
1306:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
1119:10.1128/IAI.63.8.3158-3165.1995
1058:Journal of Medical Microbiology
872:"Nitrate Toxicity in Livestock"
1052:Noble, W. C. (February 1984).
227:: They are able to synthesize
1:
1219:10.1128/IAI.22.2.523-529.1978
323:"—round holes in the cheese.
1327:"LTP_08_2023 Release Notes"
930:The Journal of Arthroplasty
3575:
942:10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.008
398:120 marker proteins based
241:Its members are primarily
3307:
2844:"Acidulodesulfobacteriia"
1470:
686:
671:
664:
647:
640:
614:
599:
592:
585:
520:
502:
495:
475:
468:
450:
443:
423:
416:
397:
390:
261:, and other areas of the
163:
156:
143:
136:
58:Scientific classification
56:
39:
30:
23:
3101:"Thermodesulfovibrionia"
2839:Acidulodesulfobacteriota
1854:"Thermosediminibacteria"
1792:"Marinamargulisbacteria"
1410:Genome Taxonomy Database
1383:Genome Taxonomy Database
1356:Genome Taxonomy Database
1266:(NCBI) taxonomy database
790:A.C. Parte; et al.
740:List of bacterial orders
3135:Thermodesulfobacteriota
2936:"Thermosulfidibacteria"
1795:"Riflemargulisbacteria"
1351:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
1071:10.1099/00222615-17-1-1
745:List of bacteria genera
348:Propionibacterium acnes
298:and cheese industries.
223:named for their unique
201:Schlattmann et al. 2018
3482:propionibacterium.html
3291:Salinosulfoleibacteria
3109:"Lambdaproteobacteria"
2931:Thermosulfidibacterota
2208:"Macinerneyibacteriia"
1851:"Thermoanaerobacteria"
1778:Vampirovibrionophyceae
1378:"bac120_r214.sp_label"
1207:Infection and Immunity
1107:Infection and Immunity
1017:Cite journal requires
830:Clinics in Dermatology
360:get trapped under the
2203:Macinerneyibacteriota
1172:10.1093/jnci/58.3.781
319:bubbles that become "
279:Members of the genus
243:facultative parasites
3186:Polarisedimenticolia
3174:"Guanabaribacteriia"
3116:Schekmaniibacteriota
2857:"Desulfurobacteriia"
2772:"Handelsmanbacteria"
2760:"Krumholzibacteriia"
2323:Firestoneibacteriota
2303:Desantisiibacteriota
2121:Coprothermobacterota
2001:"Absconditabacteria"
1918:"Desulfitobacteriia"
1787:Margulisiibacteriota
1258:Sayers; et al.
483:Downes and Wade 2009
115:Propionibacteriaceae
3554:Propionibacteriales
3320:Alternative views:
3192:Thermoanaerobaculia
2995:"Anaeroferrophilia"
2947:Deltaproteobacteria
2919:Desulfobacterota G
2782:Neomarinimicrobiota
2755:Krumholzibacteriota
2656:Edwardsiibacteriota
2382:"Hinthialibacteria"
2161:"Thermodesulfobiia"
2126:Coprothermobacteria
1938:"Halanaerobiaeota"
1886:"Thermaerobacteria"
1773:"Sericytochromatia"
1260:"Propionibacterium"
832:22(5), pg. 375-379.
792:"Propionibacterium"
508:Bernard et al. 2002
343:Cutibacterium acnes
105:Propionibacteriales
3048:"Methylomirabilia"
2998:"Deferrimicrobiia"
2882:"Calescibacteriia"
2708:"Raymondbacteriia"
2690:"Fermentibacteria"
2649:Delongiibacteriota
2630:Coatesiibacteriota
2457:Lindowiibacteriota
2377:Hinthialibacterota
2156:Thermodesulfobiota
2004:"Andersenbacteria"
1930:"Syntrophomonadia"
1921:"Desulfotomaculia"
1912:"Carboxydothermia"
1743:"Eudoremicrobiia"
1728:"Heboniibacteriia"
526:Vaidya et al. 2019
456:Kusano et al. 1997
3541:
3540:
3513:Open Tree of Life
3377:Propionibacterium
3347:Propionibacterium
3339:Taxon identifiers
3330:
3329:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3217:Leptospirillaeota
3171:"Fischerbacteria"
3043:Methylomirabilota
3019:Desulfuromonadota
2990:Deferrimicrobiota
2914:"Deferribacteria"
2877:Calescibacteriota
2867:"Campylobacteria"
2801:Tianyaibacteriota
2775:"Latescibacteria"
2685:Fermentibacterota
2663:Eiseniibacteriota
2565:(Sphingobacteria)
2539:Verrucomicrobiota
2497:(Planctobacteria)
2394:"Hydrogenedentia"
2296:"Tritonobacteria"
2180:
2179:
2046:"Saccharimonadia"
2027:"Howlettbacteria"
1966:
1965:
1950:"Selenobacteria"
1915:"Dehalobacteriia"
1909:"Carboxydocellia"
1904:Desulfotomaculota
1894:"Hydrogenisporia"
1883:"Symbiobacteriia"
1872:"Proteinivoracia"
1716:"Abditibacteriia"
1629:"Geothermincolia"
731:
730:
726:
725:
717:
716:
708:
707:
699:
698:
689:P. ruminifibrarum
629:
628:
618:P. freudenreichii
602:P. cyclohexanicum
582:Propionibacterium
572:
571:
563:
562:
554:
553:
545:
544:
536:
535:
527:
523:P. ruminifibrarum
509:
484:
457:
453:P. cyclohexanicum
432:
427:P. freudenreichii
413:Propionibacterium
332:Propionibacterium
281:Propionibacterium
271:Propionibacterium
231:by using unusual
212:Propionibacterium
208:
207:
202:
191:P. ruminifibrarum
185:P. freudenreichii
179:P. cyclohexanicum
132:
126:Propionibacterium
25:Propionibacterium
16:Genus of bacteria
3566:
3534:
3533:
3521:
3520:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3484:
3472:
3471:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3445:
3433:
3432:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3406:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3334:
3222:"Leptospirillia"
3197:Vicinamibacteria
3128:"Entotheonellia"
3024:Desulfuromonadia
2955:Bdellovibrionota
2923:Syntrophorhabdia
2910:Deferribacterota
2863:Campylobacterota
2828:
2767:Latescibacterota
2701:Chitinivibrionia
2678:"Tariuqbacteria"
2551:Verrucomicrobiia
2389:Hydrogenedentota
2352:Ratteibacteriota
2345:"Velamenicoccia"
2330:Goldiibacteriota
2293:"Erginobacteria"
2287:"Ancaeobacteria"
2259:
2239:Walliibacteriota
2227:Rifleibacteriota
2220:"Muiribacteriia"
2149:"Lithacetigenia"
2070:
2040:"Microgenomatia"
2017:"Doudnabacteria"
1862:"Dethiobacteria"
1821:
1801:"Termititenacia"
1765:Cyanobacteriota
1749:"Eremiobacteria"
1680:"Limnocylindria"
1654:"Bipolaricaulia"
1597:
1499:
1479:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1113:(8): 3158–3165.
1098:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1005:
998:
992:
991:
981:
970:
969:
936:(7): 2246–2250.
924:
918:
913:
907:
904:
898:
897:
891:
883:
881:
879:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
839:
833:
826:
820:
819:14(13), pg 2981.
813:
807:
806:
804:
803:
787:
778:
777:
761:
667:
643:
595:
588:
578:
525:
507:
498:
482:
471:
455:
446:
430:
419:
409:
388:
259:sebaceous glands
233:transcarboxylase
200:
197:P. westphaliense
130:
66:
65:
35:
21:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3559:Bacteria genera
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3524:
3516:
3511:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3467:
3462:
3454:
3449:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3410:
3402:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3341:
3331:
3326:
3314:Bergey's Manual
3303:
3258:
3253:"Pseudomonadia"
3163:"Aminicenantia"
3152:Acidobacteriota
3140:
3123:Tectimicrobiota
3005:Deferrisomatota
2965:Bdellovibrionia
2960:Bacteriovoracia
2941:
2899:Dadaibacteriota
2821:
2813:
2808:Zixiibacteriota
2794:"Marinisomatia"
2748:"Stahlbacteria"
2721:"Glassbacteria"
2714:Gemmatimonadota
2623:"Cloacimonadia"
2588:Ignavibacteriia
2564:
2556:
2543:Kiritimatiellia
2533:"Uabimicrobiia"
2516:Planctomycetota
2496:
2488:
2437:bacteriobiontes
2436:
2430:
2413:"Saltatorellae"
2357:
2309:Elusimicrobiota
2252:
2244:
2232:"Ozemibacteria"
2215:Muiribacteriota
2176:
2144:Lithacetigenota
2133:Dictyoglomerota
2099:
2061:
2049:"Torokbacteria"
2043:"Paceibacteria"
2037:"Kazanbacteria"
2022:Gracilibacteria
2014:"Dojkabacteria"
1993:Patescibacteria
1986:"Elulimicrobia"
1962:
1880:"Sulfobacillia"
1819:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1798:"Saganbacteria"
1759:Cyanoprokaryota
1754:
1738:Eremiobacterota
1706:"Dormibacteria"
1701:Dormiibacterota
1677:Ktedonobacteria
1673:Dehalococcoidia
1649:Bipolaricaulota
1641:Thermoleophilia
1632:"Humimicrobiia"
1590:
1582:
1581:
1497:
1475:
1466:
1456:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1405:"Taxon History"
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1016:
1006:
1000:
999:
995:
983:
982:
973:
926:
925:
921:
914:
910:
905:
901:
884:
877:
875:
869:
868:
864:
855:
853:
852:. San Francisco
849:Huffington Post
841:
840:
836:
827:
823:
814:
810:
801:
799:
789:
788:
781:
763:
762:
758:
753:
736:
727:
718:
709:
700:
674:P. australiense
651:P. acidifaciens
630:
573:
564:
555:
546:
537:
505:P. australiense
479:P. acidifaciens
391:16S rRNA based
375:
329:
318:
288:
174:P. australiense
168:P. acidifaciens
152:
149:
129:
60:
41:Emmental cheese
17:
12:
11:
5:
3572:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3522:
3509:
3499:
3486:
3473:
3460:
3447:
3434:
3421:
3408:
3395:
3382:
3367:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3228:Pseudomonadota
3225:
3224:
3223:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3167:Blastocatellia
3164:
3161:
3158:Acidobacteriia
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:"Bradymonadia"
3073:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:"Moduliflexia"
3051:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3011:Deferrisomatia
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:"Dadabacteria"
2895:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2834:
2832:
2825:
2819:Proteobacteria
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2789:Marinisomatota
2785:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:"Hydrothermia"
2736:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:Gemmatimonadia
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2696:Fibrobacterota
2693:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:"Electryoneia"
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2642:"Cosmopolitia"
2633:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2618:Cloacimonadota
2614:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2593:"Kapabacteria"
2591:
2584:
2579:
2568:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:Planctomycetia
2526:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2470:"Brachyspirae"
2468:
2467:"Brevinematia"
2460:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2408:Saltatorellota
2404:
2401:Poribacteriota
2397:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2370:Abyssubacteria
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:Elusimicrobiia
2306:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:"Auribacteria"
2288:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:Fusobacteriota
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:Dictyoglomeria
2130:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:Katanobacteria
2028:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:Berkelbacteria
2005:
2002:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:"Thermincolia"
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:Natranaerobiia
1863:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1824:
1822:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:Fimbriimonadia
1723:
1722:Chthonomonadia
1720:
1717:
1712:Armatimonadota
1709:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1625:Coriobacteriia
1622:
1621:"Aquicultoria"
1619:
1614:
1612:Acidimicrobiia
1607:Actinomycetota
1603:
1601:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:Mesomycetozoea
1569:
1564:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1508:Diaphoretickes
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:classification
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1396:
1369:
1342:
1318:
1297:
1276:
1250:
1213:(2): 523–529.
1193:
1166:(3): 781–783.
1150:
1093:
1044:
1028:
1019:|journal=
993:
971:
919:
908:
899:
862:
834:
821:
808:
779:
755:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
742:
735:
732:
729:
728:
724:
723:
720:
719:
715:
714:
711:
710:
706:
705:
702:
701:
697:
696:
693:
692:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
670:
665:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
646:
641:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
627:
626:
623:
622:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
598:
593:
591:
586:
584:
576:
574:
570:
569:
566:
565:
561:
560:
557:
556:
552:
551:
548:
547:
543:
542:
539:
538:
534:
533:
530:
529:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
501:
496:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
474:
469:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
449:
444:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
422:
417:
415:
407:
404:
403:
396:
374:
371:
328:
325:
316:
286:
229:propionic acid
206:
205:
204:
203:
193:
188:
181:
176:
171:
161:
160:
154:
153:
150:
141:
140:
134:
133:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
85:Actinomycetota
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3571:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3299:
3298:Teskebacteria
3295:
3292:
3288:
3284:"Qinglongiia"
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3252:
3249:
3248:Magnetococcia
3245:
3242:
3241:Mariprofundia
3238:
3235:
3234:Caulobacteria
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:"Canglongiia"
3209:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:Moduliflexota
3052:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:Chrysiogenota
2886:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2870:Desulfurellia
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:Hydrothermota
2737:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2705:Fibrobacteria
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:Electryoneota
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:Calditrichota
2605:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2547:Lentisphaeria
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Phycisphaeria
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2476:"Leptospiria"
2475:
2473:"Exilispiria"
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:Spirochaetota
2461:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2342:"Omnitrophia"
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2316:Endomicrobiia
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:Auribacterota
2279:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:Hydrobacteria
2247:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:Fusobacteriia
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:Fusobacterida
2183:
2171:"Thermotogia"
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2111:Caldisericota
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:Atribacterota
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:Synergistetes
2071:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2054:Wirthbacteria
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1956:
1955:Selenomonadia
1952:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:Halanaerobiia
1940:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1927:"Peptococcia"
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:Cyanobacteria
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:Armatimonadia
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:"Caldilineia"
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:Chloroflexota
1658:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:Rubrobacteria
1634:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Actinomycetia
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:BV1, BV3, BV5
1589:
1588:Terrabacteria
1585:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Stramenopiles
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:(major groups
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1011:
1004:. 2017-12-15.
1003:
997:
994:
989:
988:
980:
978:
976:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
923:
920:
917:
912:
909:
903:
900:
895:
889:
873:
866:
863:
851:
850:
845:
838:
835:
831:
825:
822:
818:
812:
809:
797:
793:
786:
784:
780:
775:
771:
767:
760:
757:
750:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
733:
722:
721:
713:
712:
704:
703:
695:
694:
691:
690:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
669:
668:
662:
661:
658:
657:
654:
653:
652:
645:
644:
638:
637:
634:
633:
625:
624:
621:
620:
619:
612:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
597:
596:
590:
589:
583:
580:
579:
575:
568:
567:
559:
558:
550:
549:
541:
540:
532:
531:
528:
524:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
506:
500:
499:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
481:
480:
473:
472:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
454:
448:
447:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
429:
428:
421:
420:
414:
411:
410:
406:
405:
401:
394:
389:
386:
384:
380:
372:
370:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
349:
344:
340:
339:acne vulgaris
336:
333:
326:
324:
322:
314:
310:
306:
305:
299:
297:
293:
289:
282:
277:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:gram-positive
214:
213:
198:
194:
192:
189:
187:
186:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
169:
165:
164:
162:
159:
155:
148:
147:
142:
139:
135:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:Actinomycetia
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
52:
51:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3346:
3312:
3279:Qinglongiota
3205:Canglongiota
3094:Nitrospirota
3084:Nitrospinota
3036:"Lernaellia"
2892:Chrysiogenia
2733:"Heilongiia"
2637:Cosmopoliota
2611:Calditrichia
2600:Rhodothermia
2596:"Kryptoniia"
2572:Bacteroidota
2481:Spirochaetia
2425:"Sumerlaeia"
2337:Omnitrophota
2275:"Aerophobia"
2167:Thermotogota
2115:Caldisericia
2090:Synergistota
2084:Atribacteria
2066:Thermotogida
1897:Limnochordia
1891:Bacillota G
1877:Bacillota E
1859:Bacillota D
1841:Bacillota A
1731:"Zipacnadia"
1686:Deinococcota
1668:Chloroflexia
1557:Opisthokonta
1414:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1279:
1268:. Retrieved
1253:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1031:
1010:cite journal
996:
986:
933:
929:
922:
911:
902:
876:. Retrieved
865:
854:. Retrieved
847:
837:
829:
824:
817:Biochemistry
816:
811:
800:. Retrieved
773:
769:
765:
759:
688:
687:
673:
672:
649:
648:
616:
615:
601:
600:
581:
522:
521:
504:
503:
477:
476:
452:
451:
425:
424:
412:
376:
366:
357:
353:
346:
342:
341:, caused by
334:
331:
330:
315:to create CO
313:cheesemaking
308:
302:
300:
292:tetrapyrrole
280:
278:
275:
270:
255:sweat glands
240:
211:
210:
209:
196:
190:
183:
178:
173:
166:
144:
138:Type species
125:
124:
49:
45:
24:
18:
3438:iNaturalist
3371:Wikispecies
3322:Wikispecies
3317:(2001–2012)
3098:Nitrospiria
3088:Nitrospinia
3066:Myxococcota
3031:Lernaellota
2970:Oligoflexia
2728:Heilongiota
2577:Bacteroidia
2520:"Brocadiia"
2504:Chlamydiota
2435:Spirochaeto
2420:Sumerlaeota
2270:Aerophobota
2104:Thermocalda
2094:Synergistia
1924:"Moorellia"
1846:Clostridiia
1692:Deinococcia
1459:Prokaryotes
1335:20 November
1311:20 November
1290:20 November
1064:(1): 1–12.
381:(LPSN) and
311:is used in
301:The strain
43:made using
3548:Categories
3179:Holophagia
3078:Polyangiia
3071:Myxococcia
2850:Aquificota
2831:Aquificida
2582:Chlorobiia
2509:Chlamydiia
2450:"Babeliae"
1812:Firmicutes
1746:"Xenobiia"
1270:2023-09-09
856:2012-04-06
802:2023-09-09
776:: 305–346.
751:References
345:(formerly
296:probiotics
247:commensals
225:metabolism
2983:"Binatia"
2854:Aquificia
2562:FCB group
2494:PVC group
1972:CPR group
1828:Bacillota
1552:Amoebozoa
1530:Alveolata
1518:Cryptista
1493:Eukaryota
1285:"The LTP"
1227:0019-9567
1180:0027-8874
1127:0019-9567
1080:0022-2615
950:1532-8406
402:08-RS214
395:_08_2023
373:Phylogeny
362:comedones
327:Pathology
309:shermanii
285:vitamin B
50:shermanii
3362:Q1309614
3356:Wikidata
3311:Source:
2978:Binatota
2445:Babelota
2254:BV2, BV4
1834:Bacillia
1547:Amorphea
1525:Rhizaria
1513:Hacrobia
1503:Excavata
1488:Bacteria
1463:Bacteria
958:29544969
888:cite web
734:See also
367:C. acnes
358:C. acnes
354:C. acnes
221:bacteria
111:Family:
81:Phylum:
75:Bacteria
71:Domain:
3456:1063032
3430:3225689
3106:SAR324
2362:Clade 2
2262:Clade 1
1981:Elulota
1562:Animals
1483:Archaea
1145:7542639
1088:6229637
966:3916758
878:12 July
772:].
385:(NCBI)
307:subsp.
236:enzymes
158:Species
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
48:subsp.
3531:559761
3518:360373
3502:NZOR:
3469:957883
3443:356784
3417:1PRPBG
3271:others
3145:others
1820:Low GC
1600:others
1540:Plants
1477:Domain
1416:10 May
1389:10 May
1362:10 May
1245:153333
1243:
1236:422187
1233:
1225:
1188:839571
1186:
1178:
1143:
1136:173431
1133:
1125:
1086:
1078:
964:
956:
948:
798:(LPSN)
251:humans
3526:WoRMS
3451:IRMNG
3404:83112
1567:Fungi
1330:(PDF)
962:S2CID
768:[
215:is a
3495:1743
3490:NCBI
3477:LPSN
3464:ITIS
3425:GBIF
3412:EPPO
3391:6WX8
1998:ABY1
1418:2023
1391:2023
1364:2023
1337:2023
1313:2023
1292:2023
1241:PMID
1223:ISSN
1184:PMID
1176:ISSN
1141:PMID
1123:ISSN
1084:PMID
1076:ISSN
1023:help
954:PMID
946:ISSN
894:link
880:2023
400:GTDB
335:spp.
321:eyes
267:acne
263:skin
245:and
3399:EoL
3386:CoL
2823:BV2
1816:BV3
1231:PMC
1215:doi
1168:doi
1131:PMC
1115:doi
1066:doi
938:doi
393:LTP
249:of
3550::
3528::
3515::
3492::
3479::
3466::
3453::
3440::
3427::
3414::
3401::
3388::
3373::
3358::
3281:"
3219:"
3207:"
3125:"
3057:"
3045:"
3033:"
3021:"
3007:"
2992:"
2980:"
2933:"
2901:"
2879:"
2841:"
2791:"
2769:"
2757:"
2742:"
2730:"
2687:"
2672:"
2639:"
2620:"
2447:"
2422:"
2410:"
2391:"
2379:"
2339:"
2284:"
2272:"
2229:"
2217:"
2205:"
2158:"
2146:"
1995:"
1983:"
1906:"
1789:"
1703:"
1651:"
1461::
1407:.
1380:.
1353:.
1262:.
1239:.
1229:.
1221:.
1211:22
1209:.
1205:.
1182:.
1174:.
1164:58
1162:.
1139:.
1129:.
1121:.
1111:63
1109:.
1105:.
1082:.
1074:.
1062:17
1060:.
1056:.
1014::
1012:}}
1008:{{
974:^
960:.
952:.
944:.
934:33
932:.
890:}}
886:{{
846:.
794:.
782:^
774:22
290:,
287:12
257:,
238:.
199:"
3300:"
3296:"
3293:"
3289:"
3277:"
3250:"
3246:"
3243:"
3239:"
3236:"
3232:"
3215:"
3203:"
3188:"
3184:"
3181:"
3177:"
3160:"
3156:"
3137:"
3133:"
3121:"
3118:"
3114:"
3053:"
3041:"
3029:"
3017:"
3003:"
2988:"
2976:"
2929:"
2897:"
2875:"
2837:"
2810:"
2806:"
2803:"
2799:"
2787:"
2784:"
2780:"
2765:"
2753:"
2738:"
2726:"
2683:"
2668:"
2665:"
2661:"
2658:"
2654:"
2651:"
2647:"
2635:"
2632:"
2628:"
2616:"
2590:"
2586:"
2483:"
2479:"
2459:"
2455:"
2443:"
2418:"
2406:"
2403:"
2399:"
2387:"
2375:"
2372:"
2368:"
2354:"
2350:"
2335:"
2332:"
2328:"
2325:"
2321:"
2305:"
2301:"
2280:"
2268:"
2241:"
2237:"
2225:"
2213:"
2201:"
2154:"
2142:"
2056:"
2052:"
2034:"
2030:"
2024:"
2020:"
2011:"
2007:"
1991:"
1979:"
1957:"
1953:"
1945:"
1941:"
1902:"
1869:"
1865:"
1848:"
1844:"
1836:"
1832:"
1785:"
1780:"
1776:"
1740:"
1736:"
1699:"
1694:"
1690:"
1647:"
1574:)
1451:e
1444:t
1437:v
1420:.
1393:.
1366:.
1339:.
1315:.
1294:.
1273:.
1247:.
1217::
1190:.
1170::
1147:.
1117::
1090:.
1068::
1041:.
1025:)
1021:(
968:.
940::
896:)
882:.
859:.
805:.
350:)
317:2
195:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
