842:
214:
139:
2071:
824:
2035:
833:
2059:
2047:
24:
606:
532:
Zhou, Li; Ralf I. Kaiser (2008), "Pathways to Oxygen-Bearing
Molecules in the Interstellar Medium and in Planetary Atmospheres: Cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) and Propynal (HCCCHO)",
1855:
1775:
1591:
1526:
1466:
1394:
1300:
1194:
1064:
615:
599:
228:
2096:
592:
560:
Xie, Hong-bin; Chang-bin Shao (2007), "Radical-Molecule
Reaction C3H + H2O on Amorphous Water Ice: A Promising Route for Interstellar Propynal",
1978:
489:
379:. Grignard reagents add to the carbonyl center. Its explosive properties are attributed to the exothermicity of its polymerization.
1878:
2111:
2003:
505:
A. Le Coq and A. Gorgues (1979). "Alkyness via Phase
Transfer-Catalyzed Dehydrohalogenatiion: Propiolaldehyde Diethyl Acetal".
1928:
1963:
171:
2106:
1159:
192:
325:
1918:
1913:
1726:
1094:
1958:
1384:
1154:
1114:
375:
The compound exhibits reactions expected for an electrophilic alkynyl aldehyde. It is a dienophile and a good
1315:
1290:
1280:
2038:
134:
1893:
1686:
1014:
955:
863:
858:
768:
645:
640:
1019:
690:
1948:
1923:
1561:
1320:
1179:
1164:
1134:
726:
1250:
1230:
903:
1275:
2009:
1993:
1618:
989:
960:
841:
665:
36:
913:
1953:
1933:
1746:
1436:
1270:
924:
788:
763:
731:
650:
400:
209:
62:
940:
2101:
2051:
1973:
1943:
1888:
1765:
1741:
1486:
1240:
1174:
1039:
999:
883:
850:
813:
773:
752:
695:
670:
1034:
945:
1998:
1581:
1481:
1451:
1369:
1109:
994:
950:
898:
705:
700:
632:
485:
345:
1129:
96:
2075:
2063:
1983:
1883:
1813:
1788:
1736:
1169:
1044:
1009:
930:
918:
878:
783:
716:
569:
541:
514:
477:
376:
360:
341:
251:
180:
116:
1671:
1646:
1345:
1184:
1124:
1104:
1024:
908:
808:
793:
778:
685:
675:
404:
213:
138:
72:
1908:
1873:
1656:
1546:
1511:
1496:
1431:
1426:
1325:
1225:
1144:
1119:
1084:
1029:
1004:
873:
721:
445:
319:
2090:
1938:
1793:
1676:
1651:
1632:
1576:
1456:
1414:
1409:
1149:
1139:
1099:
974:
868:
823:
798:
680:
660:
412:
307:
127:
584:
2014:
1868:
1721:
1661:
1641:
1613:
1541:
1421:
1404:
1359:
1310:
1215:
935:
888:
736:
160:
1988:
1898:
1863:
1830:
1756:
1731:
1571:
1476:
1446:
1330:
1245:
1235:
965:
893:
1903:
1845:
1808:
1783:
1681:
1491:
1354:
481:
276:
107:
518:
1835:
1700:
1536:
1340:
1220:
1074:
1049:
428:
408:
364:
1803:
1715:
1516:
1379:
1364:
1335:
1204:
979:
803:
747:
741:
710:
655:
623:
440:
388:
357:
1968:
1798:
1751:
1710:
1666:
1608:
1603:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1506:
1501:
1441:
1374:
1265:
1260:
1210:
1089:
1079:
832:
297:
147:
2019:
1840:
1822:
1285:
1255:
757:
353:
318:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
23:
574:
546:
1054:
984:
95:
85:
588:
411:
complex. Another possible pathway is through the reaction of
197:
352:
CHO. It is the simplest chemical compound containing both
1854:
1774:
1699:
1590:
1525:
1465:
1393:
1299:
1193:
1063:
849:
631:
622:
312:54–57 °C (129–135 °F; 327–330 K)
159:
71:
474:Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis
600:
8:
472:P. Perlmutter (2001). "Propargyl Aldehyde".
431:, possibly because it tends to polymerize.
628:
607:
593:
585:
212:
137:
115:
15:
573:
545:
403:. It is hypothesized to be formed from a
179:
457:
233:
208:
467:
465:
463:
461:
128:
7:
150:
1979:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
399:Propynal has been observed in the
14:
2097:Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
1879:Atomic and molecular astrophysics
616:Molecules detected in outer space
395:Occurrence in interstellar medium
363:. It is a colorless liquid with
2069:
2057:
2045:
2034:
2033:
840:
831:
822:
387:Its acetal can be prepared from
263:
22:
2004:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
322:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
269:
257:
1:
1929:Extraterrestrial liquid water
50:Propynal; Propiolic aldehyde
1160:Protonated hydrogen cyanide
2128:
2028:
1919:Earliest known life forms
1914:Diffuse interstellar band
1385:Protonated cyanoacetylene
1155:Protonated carbon dioxide
1115:Hydromagnesium isocyanide
820:
562:The Astrophysical Journal
534:The Astrophysical Journal
482:10.1002/047084289X.rp262m
316:
244:
224:
55:
47:
35:
30:
21:
1964:Iron–sulfur world theory
1959:Photodissociation region
1662:Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
519:10.15227/orgsyn.059.0010
2039:Category:Astrochemistry
1629:, fullerene, buckyball)
1316:Cyanobutadiynyl radical
1291:Silicon-carbide cluster
1281:Protonated formaldehyde
2112:Human drug metabolites
2052:Outer space portal
1894:Circumstellar envelope
859:Aluminium(I) hydroxide
769:Phosphorus mononitride
646:Aluminium monofluoride
641:Aluminium monochloride
1949:Interplanetary medium
1924:Extraterrestrial life
1562:Octatetraynyl radical
1180:Tricarbon monosulfide
727:Magnesium monohydride
2076:Chemistry portal
2064:Astronomy portal
2010:RNA world hypothesis
1994:PAH world hypothesis
1687:Heptatrienyl radical
1619:Buckminsterfullerene
1507:Methylcyanoacetylene
1015:Silicon carbonitride
990:Methylidynephosphane
956:Magnesium isocyanide
864:Aluminium isocyanide
666:Carbon monophosphide
37:Preferred IUPAC name
1954:Interstellar medium
1934:Forbidden mechanism
1747:Hydrogen isocyanide
1437:Hexatriynyl radical
1020:c-Silicon dicarbide
925:Hydrogen isocyanide
789:Silicon monosulfide
764:Phosphorus monoxide
732:Methylidyne radical
691:Fluoromethylidynium
651:Aluminium(II) oxide
401:interstellar medium
284: g·mol
18:
2107:Alkyne derivatives
1974:Molecules in stars
1944:Intergalactic dust
1889:Circumstellar dust
1831:Naphthalene cation
1766:Trihydrogen cation
1742:Hydrogen deuteride
1667:Methyltriacetylene
1502:Hexapentaenylidene
1321:E-Cyanomethanimine
1241:Cyclopropenylidene
1175:Tricarbon monoxide
1165:Silicon tricarbide
1135:Methylene amidogen
1125:Isothiocyanic acid
1040:Thioxoethenylidene
1000:Trihydrogen cation
814:Titanium(II) oxide
774:Potassium chloride
753:Sulfur mononitride
696:Helium hydride ion
671:Carbon monosulfide
326:Infobox references
16:
2084:
2083:
1999:Pseudo-panspermia
1695:
1694:
1642:Cyanodecapentayne
1582:N-Methylformamide
1557:Methyldiacetylene
1482:Aminoacetonitrile
1452:Methyl isocyanate
1370:Methyl isocyanide
1251:Isocyanoacetylene
1231:Cyanoformaldehyde
1110:Hydrogen peroxide
995:Potassium cyanide
951:Magnesium cyanide
904:Disilicon carbide
899:Dicarbon monoxide
706:Hydrogen fluoride
701:Hydrogen chloride
507:Organic Syntheses
361:functional groups
346:molecular formula
334:Chemical compound
332:
331:
292:colorless liquid
193:CompTox Dashboard
97:Interactive image
2119:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2036:
1984:Organic compound
1884:Chemical formula
1789:Dihydroxyacetone
1737:Hydrogen cyanide
1422:Cyanodiacetylene
1276:Propadienylidene
1170:Thioformaldehyde
1045:Titanium dioxide
1010:Sodium hydroxide
931:Hydrogen sulfide
919:Hydrogen cyanide
879:Carbonyl sulfide
844:
835:
826:
784:Silicon monoxide
717:Hydroxyl radical
629:
609:
602:
595:
586:
579:
578:
577:
557:
551:
550:
549:
540:(2): 1493–1502,
529:
523:
522:
502:
496:
495:
469:
427:The compound is
377:Michael acceptor
342:organic compound
283:
271:
265:
259:
252:Chemical formula
217:
216:
201:
199:
183:
163:
152:
141:
130:
119:
99:
75:
26:
19:
17:Propiolaldehyde
2127:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2024:
1850:
1826:
1817:
1770:
1760:
1703:
1691:
1672:Propionaldehyde
1647:Ethylene glycol
1636:
1628:
1624:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1542:Cyanohexatriyne
1528:
1521:
1468:
1461:
1396:
1389:
1349:
1302:
1295:
1266:Methoxy radical
1196:
1189:
1185:Thiocyanic acid
1066:
1059:
969:
909:Ethynyl radical
845:
839:
838:
837:
836:
830:
829:
828:
827:
818:
809:Sulfur monoxide
794:Sodium chloride
779:Silicon carbide
686:Diatomic carbon
676:Carbon monoxide
618:
613:
583:
582:
559:
558:
554:
531:
530:
526:
504:
503:
499:
492:
471:
470:
459:
454:
437:
425:
419:H) with water.
418:
405:carbon monoxide
397:
385:
373:
351:
338:Propiolaldehyde
335:
328:
323:
281:
268:
262:
254:
240:
237:
232:
231:
220:
202:
195:
186:
166:
153:
122:
102:
89:
78:
65:
51:
43:
42:
12:
11:
5:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1909:Cosmochemistry
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:Astrochemistry
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1727:Formyl radical
1724:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:Methyl acetate
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:Dimethyl ether
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1512:Methyl formate
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Glycolaldehyde
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:Glycolonitrile
1429:
1427:Ethylene oxide
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1326:Cyclopropenone
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:Cyanoacetylene
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:Methyl radical
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Isocyanic acid
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1085:Isocyanic acid
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:Sulfur dioxide
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:Sodium cyanide
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
916:
914:Formyl radical
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
874:Carbon dioxide
871:
866:
861:
855:
853:
847:
846:
821:
819:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
755:
750:
745:
739:
734:
729:
724:
722:Iron(II) oxide
719:
714:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
637:
635:
626:
620:
619:
614:
612:
611:
604:
597:
589:
581:
580:
575:10.1086/520757
568:(1): 449–456,
552:
547:10.1086/591072
524:
497:
491:978-0471936237
490:
456:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
446:Propiolic acid
443:
436:
433:
424:
421:
416:
396:
393:
384:
381:
372:
369:
349:
333:
330:
329:
324:
320:standard state
317:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
300:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
279:
273:
272:
266:
260:
255:
250:
247:
246:
242:
241:
239:
238:
235:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
219:
218:
205:
203:
191:
188:
187:
185:
184:
176:
174:
168:
167:
165:
164:
156:
154:
146:
143:
142:
132:
124:
123:
121:
120:
112:
110:
104:
103:
101:
100:
92:
90:
83:
80:
79:
77:
76:
68:
66:
61:
58:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
33:
32:
28:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2124:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Homochirality
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Methoxyethane
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Butyronitrile
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Ethyl formate
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1631:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Propionitrile
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1457:Vinyl alcohol
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:Vinyl cyanide
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:Acrylonitrile
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Pentynylidyne
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Methylenimine
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:Propynylidyne
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1140:Methyl cation
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Fulminic acid
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:Nitrous oxide
973:
971:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Amino radical
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
852:
848:
843:
834:
825:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:Sodium iodide
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
759:
756:
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751:
749:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
681:Cyano radical
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
661:Carbon cation
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
636:
634:
630:
627:
625:
621:
617:
610:
605:
603:
598:
596:
591:
590:
587:
576:
571:
567:
563:
556:
553:
548:
543:
539:
535:
528:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
501:
498:
493:
487:
483:
479:
475:
468:
466:
464:
462:
458:
451:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
432:
430:
422:
420:
414:
413:propynylidyne
410:
406:
402:
394:
392:
390:
382:
380:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
359:
355:
347:
343:
339:
327:
321:
315:
311:
309:
308:Boiling point
306:
305:
301:
299:
296:
295:
291:
288:
287:
280:
278:
275:
274:
256:
253:
249:
248:
243:
234:
230:
223:
215:
211:
210:DTXSID3060790
207:
206:
204:
194:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
175:
173:
170:
169:
162:
158:
157:
155:
149:
145:
144:
140:
136:
133:
131:
129:ECHA InfoCard
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
111:
109:
106:
105:
98:
94:
93:
91:
87:
82:
81:
74:
70:
69:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
46:
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
2032:
2015:Spectroscopy
1869:Astrobiology
1722:Formaldehyde
1614:Benzonitrile
1405:Acetaldehyde
1360:Methanethiol
1311:Acetonitrile
1216:Carbodiimide
1095:Formaldehyde
1090:Cyanoethynyl
941:Iron cyanide
936:Hydroperoxyl
737:Nitric oxide
565:
561:
555:
537:
533:
527:
510:
506:
500:
473:
426:
398:
386:
374:
367:properties.
337:
336:
302:0.9152 g/cm
56:Identifiers
48:Other names
1989:Outer space
1899:Cosmic dust
1864:Abiogenesis
1776:Unconfirmed
1732:Heavy water
1572:Ethanethiol
1487:Cyanoallene
1477:Acetic acid
1447:Methylamine
1331:Diacetylene
1246:Formic acid
1236:Cyanomethyl
894:Diazenylium
884:CCP radical
760:(molecular)
744:(molecular)
713:(molecular)
383:Preparation
289:Appearance
245:Properties
135:100.009.871
41:Prop-2-ynal
2091:Categories
1904:Cosmic ray
1846:Silylidyne
1809:Hemolithin
1784:Anthracene
1701:Deuterated
1682:Pyrimidine
1492:Ethanimine
1355:Ketenimine
1211:Butadiynyl
1035:Thioformyl
889:Chloronium
452:References
277:Molar mass
181:SJ8A65XF7N
108:ChemSpider
84:3D model (
63:CAS Number
2102:Aldehydes
1836:Phosphine
1704:molecules
1637:fullerene
1537:Acetamide
1341:Formamide
1221:Cyanamide
1075:Acetylene
1050:Tricarbon
961:Methylene
946:Isoformyl
851:Triatomic
624:Molecules
429:explosive
409:acetylene
371:Reactions
365:explosive
1823:Linear C
1804:Graphene
1716:Ammonium
1517:Acrolein
1380:Propynal
1365:Methanol
1336:Ethylene
1205:Ammonium
980:Nitroxyl
804:Sulfanyl
748:Imidogen
742:Nitrogen
711:Hydrogen
656:Argonium
633:Diatomic
441:Acrolein
435:See also
389:acrolein
358:aldehyde
73:624-67-9
1969:Kerogen
1856:Related
1799:Glycine
1752:Propyne
1711:Ammonia
1609:Benzene
1604:Acetone
1596:or more
1567:Propene
1552:Ethanol
1442:Propyne
1261:Methane
1130:Ketenyl
1080:Ammonia
423:Hazards
298:Density
148:PubChem
2020:Tholin
1841:Pyrene
1286:Silane
1256:Ketene
758:Oxygen
513:: 10.
488:
354:alkyne
340:is an
282:54.048
236:C#CC=O
229:SMILES
31:Names
2006:(PAH)
1594:atoms
1529:atoms
1469:atoms
1467:Eight
1397:atoms
1395:Seven
1303:atoms
1197:atoms
1067:atoms
1055:Water
985:Ozone
927:(HNC)
921:(HCN)
344:with
161:12222
117:11721
86:JSmol
1527:Nine
1195:Five
1105:HCCN
1065:Four
1025:SiNC
486:ISBN
356:and
172:UNII
1818:NCO
1718:ion
1625:, C
1592:Ten
1301:Six
1207:ion
570:doi
566:670
542:doi
538:686
515:doi
478:doi
198:EPA
151:CID
2093::
1635:70
1627:60
1623:60
1621:(C
1346:HC
564:,
536:,
511:59
509:.
484:.
476:.
460:^
415:(C
391:.
348:HC
1825:5
1816:2
1814:H
1761:D
1759:2
1757:N
1633:C
1350:N
1348:4
970:H
968:2
966:N
608:e
601:t
594:v
572::
544::
521:.
517::
494:.
480::
417:3
407:-
350:2
270:O
267:2
264:H
261:3
258:C
200:)
196:(
88:)
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