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goods and ontic evils (ontic evils are those that are not immoral but merely cause pain or suffering, ontic goods are those that alleviate pain or suffering). Proportionalism asserts that one can determine the right course of action by weighing up the good and the necessary evil caused by the action.
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teachings of
Natural Moral Law are mostly upheld in that intrinsically evil acts are still classified so. In certain situations where there is a balance of
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Note that there is a substantial difference between teleology, as it is understood in the
Thomistic context, and consequentialism. See
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Bernard Hoose was a significant contributor to the theory of proportionalism, first summarising his viewpoint in the 1987 text '
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In the 1960s, proportionalism was a consequentialist attempt to develop
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As a result, proportionalism aims to choose the lesser of evils.
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Proportionalism: The
American Debate and its European Roots
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Proportionalism: The
American Debate and its European Roots
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rules out the 1960s proportionalism in his encyclicals
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