1567:
1577:
140:
Ministry director-general, Emmy Palmor, was set up to find the best model for criminalizing "clients". In
January 2018, they reported that they had failed to agree on a method, but ultimately recommend "that if using prostitutes is deemed a criminal offense, they favor scaled criminalization". The bill would subject those arrested for prostitution to a fine of up to
259:
In 2007, a report by the
Knesset's Committee on the Status of Women reported that in recent years the number of trafficked women had dropped to less than 1,000, though there are still reports that women and other people who are forced into trafficking are brought in through more covert ways. In 2007,
159:
In July 2020, the bill went into effect over the objections of some government offices and welfare groups, who sought a delay to ensure government rehabilitation programs were ready to aid the thousands of newly out-of-work prostitutes. The Public
Security Ministry had also sought a delay, citing the
124:
1966, Sections 199–202. However, indoor prostitution has continued to thrive. It was not perceived as a major problem till the 1970s, (Cnaan 1982), and prostitution policy has been described as "benign neglect". A 1975 inquiry (Ben-Eato) recommended legalization, but this was not implemented. (Cnaan
128:
In the 1990s, as in other countries, trafficking in women became a political issue in women's movements in Israel, who engaged in political lobbying for legislative action. In 2003, Israel passed a law that would allow the state to confiscate the profits of traffickers, but watchdog groups claim it
180:
Israel has a large number of non-Jewish
Russian, Ukrainian and Central Asian immigrants. Immigrant women have included prostitutes, while others turned to prostitution due to economic hardship in their new land. Prostitution in Israel has been dominated by immigrants from the former Soviet Union
201:
Women leaders in the country have also worked to decrease prostitution and sex trafficking in the country with the "Nordic Model", which does not victimize sellers and bans the sale of prostitution. Their bill was set to reach Israel's
Ministerial Committee for Legislation near the end of 2018.
139:
In 2017, the "Criminal
Prohibition of Consumption of Prostitution Services and Community Treatment Bill" was introduced to the Knesset. This proposed law criminalized the purchase of sex, and provides for the "client" to pay the prostitute compensation. A government committee, headed by Justice
148:
On 31 December 2018, the proposed bill was passed, criminalizing "sex clients", but not prostitutes. It introduced a fine of NIS 2,000 for offenders, increasing to NIS 4,000 for repeat offenses within three years. A possible criminal case against sex buyers could carry a maximum penalty of NIS
216:
According to the law, which passed in a 34-0 vote, anyone buying or attempting to buy sex would be fined 2,000 shekels ($ 534), which doubles for a second offense. For any further violations the offender could be prosecuted and the fine could reach 75,300 shekels.
144:
1,500 for paying for prostitution services, and NIS 3,000 if the offense is repeated within three years. The accused would be allowed to contest the fine and go to trial if they so choose, but if convicted the fine would be increased up to NIS 75,300.
1174:
Delila Amir and
Menachem Amir. The politics of prostitution and trafficking of women in Israel, in Outshoorn J (ed.) The Politics of Prostitution: Women's movements, democratic states and the globalisation of sex commerce. Cambridge UP
231:
According to the findings released in March 2005 by a
Parliamentary Inquiry Committee, between 3,000 and 5,000 women had been smuggled into Israel and sold into prostitution in the previous four years. Most of the prostitutes came from
160:
police's inability to enforce the new law and the government's failure to set up mandatory seminars for offenders to raise awareness of the dangers of prostitution, which had been proposed on top of the fines. But
Justice Minister
264:" in its annual Trafficking in Persons reports, meaning that it does not fully comply with the standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so. In 2011 the country was upgraded to "Tier 1".
113:, and most other cities. Brothels were owned by both Jews and Arabs. British soldiers added to the demand for prostitution in the 1930s and 1940s. Tel Aviv was considered to be the centre of the sex trade in the Middle East.
995:
Gebreyesus, T., Sultan, Z., Ghebrezghiabher, H.M. et al. Life on the margins: the experiences of sexual violence and exploitation among
Eritrean asylum-seeking women in Israel. BMC Women's Health 18, 135 (2018).
197:
Various groups have advocated legalizing prostitution, or criminalizing the buyers. Conservative religious political parties have consistently opposed legalization on grounds of immorality. (Cnaan 1982)
978:
314:
959:
87:
times, and has been practiced by both women and men. People were advised never to become prostitutes or place their daughters in the trade, as it was viewed as "shameful profession".
185:. A study published in 2005 found 1,000 Russian, Ukrainian and Central Asian prostitutes working in Israel, mostly in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. From 1991 to 1994, the number of "
120:, although homosexual prostitution was not legalized till 1954. However, in 1962, indoor prostitution, but not street prostitution, was prohibited, and is controlled by the
1532:
182:
156:
Despite the penal code, using the services of a prostitute carries widespread legitimacy in Israel, and social norms distinguish between prostitution and trafficking.
764:
94:
were upended by economic collapse. Many of these women were forced or coerced into prostitution or the sex trade, as it was the only viable means of self-support.
49:
1127:
892:
672:
1542:
1010:
270:
An organization calling itself the 'Task Force on Human Trafficking' claims that men, in total, visit brothels in Israel up to one million times a month.
267:
Since 2010, no cases of human trafficking have been reported in Israel and only a limited number of women were brought to the country to be prostitutes.
621:
450:
739:
698:
205:
The Knesset unanimously passed a law forbidding the buying of sex, as Israel joins other countries that have taken this route in recent years such as
37:
1456:
1481:
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1501:
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45:
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68:
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1401:
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261:
132:
In 2007, a ban on advertising was debated. In December 2009, a bill outlawing the purchase of sex was introduced into the
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Prostitution (the exchange of sexual acts for money) was legal in Israel until December 2018, but organised
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40:, where fines will be cast for consumption of prostitution services from an adult. This legislation makes
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1080:
315:"Knesset Passes Bills Punishing Prostitution Clients, Compelling Security Cameras in Old Age Homes"
1576:
141:
133:
64:
1059:"Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report 2007"
1173:
785:
758:
1011:"Analysis New Israeli Bill Fining Prostitution Clients May Change Thousands of Women's Lives"
840:
713:
153:. The law additionally provides NIS 90,000,000 to help those in prostitution switch careers.
546:
60:
1180:
Op-ed. Rebecca Hughes. Prostitution in Israel: Myth vs reality. Jerusalem Post Dec 2 2012
451:"Empty Streets and Locked Doors: Prostitution Is Disappearing From Tel Aviv's Underbelly"
71:
area was subjected to a number of raids and closures in 2017, and the area is subject to
488:
186:
161:
91:
72:
918:
339:
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288:
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17:
1169:
Cnaan R. Notes on Prostitution in Israel. Sociological Inquiry 52(2)114–121, 1982
1580:
150:
98:
33:
673:"Israeli Gov't Committee Opts for 'Soft Criminalization' of Prostitute Clients"
241:
189:" run by Russian, Ukrainian and Central Asian immigrants rose from 14 to 111.
997:
893:"What Israel's Campaign to End Prostitution Teaches Us About Women Leaders"
569:"Selling Their Bodies and Their Souls - Haaretz - Israel News Haaretz.com"
172:
The sex trade in Israel generates up to $ 500 million in revenue a year.
102:
84:
56:
36:
came into force in May 2020, and was regulated since July 2020 under the
21:
960:"Eritrean Asylum Seekers in Israel Increasingly Turning to Prostitution"
622:"Israel Cabinet Approves Bill That Criminalizes Soliciting Prostitution"
1184:
979:"More Female Eritrean Asylum Seekers Working in Prostitution in Israel"
245:
237:
233:
149:
75,300. The Justice Ministry may pursue alternatives to fines, such as
29:
25:
249:
210:
206:
41:
253:
136:. In February 2012, another draft bill received cabinet approval.
110:
106:
714:"Israel bans prostitution, backs rehabilitation for sex workers"
59:. It has been estimated that 62% of the brothels and 48% of the
1188:
367:"Israel becomes 10th country to criminalize hiring prostitutes"
699:"Israeli bill aims to crack down on those hiring prostitutes"
518:"Meet Angelique Sabag Gautiller, Israel's First Female Pimp"
740:"Israel passes law to punish 'johns' who hire prostitutes"
52:
estimates there to be 14,000 prostitutes in the country.
867:"Sex slur enrages Russian Jews | World | News"
816:"Seeking prostitution services is now illegal in Israel"
478:. The Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
595:"Should Israel Make Paying for Sex a Criminal Offense?"
260:
the United States State Department placed Israel as a "
116:
Prostitution was legalized in Israel in 1949 under the
32:
on 31 December 2018 that criminalises the "clients" of
1128:"Israeli Men visit brothels one million times a month"
620:
Lis, Jonathan; Weiler-Polak, Dana (12 February 2012).
424:"Tel Aviv sex workers resist gentrification and raids"
1107:
Trafficking for Prostitution and Sexual Exploitation
1520:
1480:
1222:
38:Israeli Abolition of Prostitution Consumption Law
63:in the country are in Tel Aviv. The traditional
395:"City in Focus: Tel Aviv, Israel - Exodus Cry"
50:Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services
1200:
919:"ISRAEL PASSES LAW BANNING THE BUYING OF SEX"
308:
306:
55:The main centre of prostitution in Israel is
8:
1157:The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality
1073:"Israel 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report"
763:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
540:
538:
389:
387:
90:In the early 19th century, Jewish Women in
1207:
1193:
1185:
1035:Frenkel, Sheera Claire (15 October 2007).
28:was prohibited. Legislation passed in the
998:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0624-y
781:Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work
511:
509:
474:"Issues in Jewish Ethics: Prostitution".
83:Prostitution has existed in Israel since
1103:"Trafficking for Prostitution in Israel"
1037:"Israelis against punishing prostitutes"
289:"Israel's fight against sex trafficking"
418:
416:
279:
101:, prostitution was well established in
865:Patrick Cockburn (21 September 1995).
756:
891:Hughes, Rebecca (14 September 2018).
810:
808:
7:
360:
358:
356:
1061:. U.S. State Department. June 2007.
917:Sevald, Flavia (31 December 2018).
428:Global Network of Sex Work Projects
671:Hovel, Revital (10 January 2018).
365:Harkov, Lahav (31 December 2018).
313:Israel, David (31 December 2018).
14:
841:"Prostitution Revenue By Country"
183:the mass immigration in the 1990s
1575:
1566:
1565:
937:"Israel women trafficking soars"
712:Hai, Shahar (31 December 2018).
697:Mualem, Mazal (10 August 2018).
516:Miller, Tal (10 December 2012).
118:Prostitution and Abomination Act
44:the tenth country to adopt the "
958:Lee, Vere (12 September 2017).
287:Berg, Raffi (6 November 2007).
252:and many were smuggled through
1533:British Indian Ocean Territory
977:Lis, Jonathan (9 March 2018).
778:Ditmore, Melissa Hope (2006).
545:Hasson, Miri (23 March 2005).
164:denied the request for delay.
1:
449:Lee, Vered (2 October 2017).
340:"2019 Prostitution Penal Law"
1009:Lee, Vered (6 August 2018).
738:i24NEWS (25 December 2018).
549:. Tel Aviv: Yedioth Internet
547:"Israel's sex trade booming"
493:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
227:Human trafficking in Israel
1623:
476:The Jewish Virtual Library
224:
1561:
939:. BBC News. 24 March 2005
1282:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1077:U.S. Department of State
1543:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1602:Prostitution in Israel
647:"Proposed Legislation"
1216:Prostitution in Asia
897:The National Interest
820:www.timesofisrael.com
291:. Jerusalem: BBC News
1457:United Arab Emirates
1039:. The Jerusalem Post
129:is rarely enforced.
122:Israeli Criminal Law
1484:limited recognition
651:ATZUM Justice Works
599:Huffingtonpost.com
371:The Jerusalem Post
134:Israeli parliament
65:red-light district
1607:Society of Israel
1589:
1588:
1526:other territories
1134:on 21 August 2009
347:fs.knesset.gov.il
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1538:Christmas Island
1224:Sovereign states
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1130:. Archived from
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1079:. Archived from
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430:. 8 January 2018
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69:old bus station
61:massage parlors
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601:. 5 April 2012
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575:. 12 July 2007
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489:"Prostitution"
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