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975:
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666:
173:
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by the ambitious armaments targets as
Germany lacked many of the necessary raw materials, which had to be imported. The British historian Richard Overy wrote the huge demands of the Four Year Plan "...could not be fully met by a policy of import substitution and industrial rationalization".. In November 1937 at the Hossbach conference, Hitler announced that to stay ahead in the arms race with the other powers that Germany had to seize Czechoslovakia in the very near-future. Czechoslovakia was the world's 7th largest manufacturer of arms, making Czechoslovakia into an important player in the global arms trade.
1237:
1264:
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1072:", such capacity for Aryanization was supported by the position that part of the Czech population had German ancestry. There is also the fact that a relatively restrained policy in Czech lands was partly driven by the need to keep the population nourished and complacent so that it can carry out the vital work of arms production in the factories. By 1939, the country was already serving as a major hub of military production for Germany, manufacturing aircraft, tanks, artillery, and other armaments.
2257:
2237:" ("Hail Victory!"). School inspectors made surprise visits to the classrooms and all chairpersons of the exam boards had to be ethnic Germans. Some teachers and students were Gestapo informers, which spread a climate of mistrust and paranoia across the school system as both teachers and students never knew whom to trust. One teacher recalled: "The Gestapo even had informers and agents amongst the children. Uncertainty and mistrust destroyed any feeling of comradeship among the children".
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the popular image of a
British resident. Hitler believed that emulating the Raj would make this violation of the Munich Agreement more acceptable to Britain, and as that proved not to be the case the German media launched a lengthy campaign denouncing British "hypocrisy". The German authorities intentionally allowed the protectorate "all the trappings of independence" in order to encourage the Czech inhabitants to
5040:
1228:. It was designed to concentrate the Jewish population from the Protectorate and gradually move them to extermination camps, and it also held Western European and German Jews. While not an extermination camp itself, the harsh and unhygienic conditions still resulted in the death of 33,000 of the 140,000 Jews brought to the camp while a further 88,000 were sent to extermination camps, and only 19,000 survived.
1181:. The number of Czech victims of political persecution and murders in concentration camps totalled between 36,000 and 55,000. After Heydrich assumed control of the Protectorate, he instituted martial law and stepped up arrests and executions of resistance fighters. Heydrich allegedly referred to Czechs as "laughing beasts", reflecting Czech subversion and Nazi racial beliefs about the inferiority of Czechs.
2275:
1010:, a policy that allowed the Germans to buy everything on the cheap in the protectorate. Inflation was a major problem throughout the existence of the protectorate, which was made worse by the refusal of the German authorities to raise wages to keep up with inflation, making the era a period of decreasing living standards as the crowns bought less and less. Even members of the
2248:". Especially under Frank, the teachers suffered harshly. In the first six months of 1944, about 1,000 Czech teachers were either executed or imprisoned. By 1945, about 5,000 Czech teachers were imprisoned in the concentration camps, where a fifth died. By the end of the occupation, about 40% of all Czech teachers had been fired with the figure reaching 60% in Prague.
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2154:. Marriages between Czechs and Germans became a problem for the Nazis. In 1939, the Nazis did not ban sexual relations between Germans and Czechs and no law prohibited Jews from marrying Czechs. The Nazis made German women who married any non-Germans lose their Reich citizenship whereas Czech women who married German men were accepted into the German
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member of the German nation is of vital significance, even someone who is partly or completely of another race—Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Hungarian, or Polish, for example—can be considered a German. Any more precise elaboration of the term "German national" is not possible given current relationships.
947:
to that of a
British resident and an Indian maharajah. Neurath seems to be chosen as Reich Protector in because as a former foreign minister and a former ambassador to Great Britain, he was well known in London for his avuncular, but dignified manner, which were the personality traits associated with
938:
There was no real precedent for this action in German history. The model for the protectorate were the
Princely states in India under the Raj. In just in the same way that Indian maharajahs in the Princely states were allowed a nominal independence, but the real power rested with the British resident
2208:
Further integration of the protectorate into the Reich was carried out by the employment of German apprentices, by transferring German evacuee children into schools located in the protectorate, and by authorizing marriages between
Germans and "assimilable" Czechs. Germanizable Czechs were allowed to
890:
Hitler's interest in
Czechoslovakia was largely driven by economic demands . The Four-Year Plan that Hitler launched in September 1936 to have the German economy ready for a "total war" by 1940 was faltering by 1937 owing to a shortage of foreign exchange to pay for the vast economic demands imposed
1302:
One spy for the government-in-exile in London reported: "The original, observable chaos and later fear of
Gestapo informants and uncertainty has changed to courage and hope. The nation is coming together, not only in the National Solidarity Movement, which the majority did only to avoid losing our
993:
The population of the protectorate was mobilized for labor that would aid the German war effort, and special offices were organized to supervise the management of industries important to that effort. The
Germans drafted Czechs to work in coal mines, in the iron and steel industry, and in armaments
925:
Hitler's wish to occupy
Czechoslovakia was largely caused by the foreign exchange crisis as Germany had exhausted its foreign exchange reserves by early 1939, and Germany urgently needed to seize the gold of the Czechoslovak central bank to continue the Four Year Plan. The British historian Victor
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Whoever professes himself to be a member of the German nation is a member of the German nation, provided that this profession is confirmed by certain facts, such as language, upbringing, culture, etc. Persons of alien blood, particularly Jews, are never
Germans. . . . Because professing to be a
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Aside from the Office of the Minister President, the local Czech government in the Protectorate consisted of the Ministries of Education, Finance, Justice, Trade, the Interior, Agriculture, and Public Labour. The area's foreign policy and military defence were under the exclusive control of the
1184:
The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia (118,000 according to the 1930 census) was virtually annihilated, with over 75,000 murdered. Of the 92,199 people classified as Jews by German authorities in the Protectorate as of 1939, 78,154 were murdered in the Holocaust, or 85 percent.
4099:
Adam, Alfons (2019). "Die tschechische Protektoratspolizei: Ihre Rolle bei der Verfolgung von Juden, Roma und Tschechen" [The Czech Protectorate police: Their role in the persecution of Jews, Roma, and Czechs]. In Black, Peter; Rásky, Béla; Windsperger, Marianne (eds.).
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by the Nazi state. The Czechs however, were not subjected to a similar degree of random and organized acts of brutality that their Polish counterparts experienced. This is attributed to the view within the Nazi hierarchy that a large swath of the populace was "capable of
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assumed that around 50% of Czechs would be fit for Germanization. The Czech intellectual elite were to be removed from Czech territories and from Europe completely. The authors of Generalplan Ost believed it would be best if they emigrated overseas, as even in
2233:" while Heydrich referred to the teachers as "the training core of the opposition Czech government ". To keep their jobs, teachers were required to demonstrate fluency in German and were supposed to greet their students with the fascist salute while saying "
1166:, German minister of state for Bohemia and Moravia, within the protectorate, all non-war-related industry was prohibited. Most of the Czech population obeyed quietly until the final months preceding the end of the war, when thousands became involved in the
603:
The protectorate remained nominally autonomous and had a dual system of government, with German law applying to ethnic Germans while other residents had the legal status of Protectorate subjects and were governed by a puppet Czech administration. During
1133:
was arrested (and later executed), the Czech government was reorganized, and all Czech cultural organizations were closed. The Gestapo arrested and murdered people. The deportation of Jews to concentration camps was organized, and the fortress town of
158:
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2169:, which projected the Germanization of the "racially valuable" half of the Czech population after the end of the war. This consisted mainly of industrial workers and farmers. The undesirable half contained the intelligentsia, whom the Nazis viewed as
162:
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of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, it was declared that those considered to be racially Mongoloid and the Czech intelligentsia were not to be Germanized, and that about half of the Czech population were suitable for Germanization.
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1326:), the area's senior Nazi administrator, whose task it was to represent the interests of the German state. The office and title were held by a variety of persons during the Protectorate's existence. In succession these were:
1014:(ethnic Germans) living in the protectorate complained their living standards had been higher under Czechoslovakia, which was quite a surprise to most of them, who expected their living standards to rise under German rule.
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of the surrounding districts continually agitated for the liquidation of the Protectorate and its direct incorporation into the German Reich. Hitler stated as late as 1943 that the issue was still to be decisively settled.
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in May 1945. After the war, some Protectorate officials were charged with collaborationism, but according to the prevailing belief in Czech society, the Protectorate was not entirely rejected as a collaborationist entity.
1395:
Next to the Reich Protector there was also a political office of State Secretary (from 1943 known as the State Minister to the Reich Protector) who handled most of the internal security. From 1939 to 1945 this person was
172:
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1414:. The command was an active unit of the General-SS, technically the only such unit to exist outside of Germany, since most other Allgemeine-SS units in occupied or conquered countries were largely paper commands.
939:
stationed to monitor the maharajah, Hitler emulated this practice with the Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia as the German media quite explicitly compared the relationship between the Reich Protector, Baron
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had an immense prestige as the bearers and protectors of the national culture, who would keep the Czech language and culture alive when the Czech nation was "submerged". No segment of the Czech
1083:, as were an estimated 1,800 students and teachers. On 17 November, all universities and colleges in the protectorate were closed, nine student leaders were executed, and 1,200 were sent to the
1291:
was closed to women and Jews. In the spring of 1939, about 2,130,000 men joined the group, amounting to between 98%-99% of the Czech male population. However, much of the registration for the
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1039:
German rule was moderate by Nazi standards during the first months of the occupation. The Czech government and political system, reorganized by Hácha, continued in formal existence. The
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2118:
The area of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia contained about 7,380,000 inhabitants in 1940. 225,000 (3.3%) of these were of German origin, while the rest were mainly ethnic
1113:, Hitler decided that Neurath was not treating the Czechs harshly enough and adopted a more radical policy in the protectorate. On 29 September 1941, Hitler appointed SS hardliner
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The Czechs demonstrated against the occupation on 28 October 1939, the 21st anniversary of Czechoslovak independence. The death on 15 November 1939 of a medical student,
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national existence, but individuals are coming together and one begins to feel if the nation has a backbone again". This local Czech Fascist party was led by a ruling
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production. Consumer-goods production, much diminished, was largely directed toward supplying the German armed forces. The protectorate's population was subjected to
2158:. Czech families aiming to improve their lives in the protectorate encouraged their Czech daughters to marry German men as it was one way to save a family business.
96:
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The resulting government overlap led to the usual authority conflicts typical of the Nazi era. Seeking to extend their own powerbase and to facilitate the area's
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system to Bohemia and Moravia when the Protectorate was established. This step divided the remaining parts of Bohemia and Moravia up between its four surrounding
926:
Rothwell wrote that the Czechoslovak reserves of gold and hard currency seized in March 1939 were "invaluable in staving off Germany's foreign exchange crisis".
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Germany and the Second World War:Organization and mobilization of the German sphere of power. Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1942–1944/5
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were settled in the protectorate during the war. The goal was to create a German settlement belt from Prague to Sudetenland, and to turn the surroundings of
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based in Britain, the Czech economy was able to work almost undisturbed until the end of the war. The Protectorate administration became deeply involved in
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1364:) or RSHA. He was officially only a deputy to Neurath, but in reality was granted supreme authority over the entire state apparatus of the Protectorate.
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1079:, who had been wounded in the October violence, precipitated widespread student demonstrations, and the Germans retaliated. Politicians were arrested
906:. Five months later, the Nazis violated the Munich Agreement, when, with Nazi German support, the Slovak parliament declared the independence of the
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1488:, a radio call was issued for Bienert's arrest. This resulted in his conviction to a three-year prison term in 1947, during which he died in 1949.
1341:(1938–1945). He was placed on leave in September 1941 after Hitler's dissatisfaction with his "soft policies", although he still held the title of
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On 16 March when Hitler proclaimed the protectorate, he declared: "For a thousand years the provinces of Bohemia and Moravia formed part of the
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was done in the style of a census (a traditional outlet for nationalist feeling in the Czech lands), and the messages advocating joining the
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2130:. Ethnic Germans were offered Reich citizenship, while Jews and Czechs were from the outset second-class citizens ("Protectorate subjects",
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First issue of currency in Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (an unissued 1938 Czechoslovak note with a validation stamp for use in 1939)
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faced more pressure to conform to the occupation policy than school teachers. Frank called the teachers "the most dangerous wing of the
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1061:, they were considered a threat to German rule. Just like Jews, Poles, Serbs, and several other nations, Czechs were considered to be
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3228:"Between Resistance and Collaboration: The Ambiguity of the Protectorate Gendarmes' Service in the Theresienstadt Ghetto (1941-1945)"
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as a showpiece. Several thousand Jews managed to live in freedom or in hiding throughout the occupation. The extermination of the
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3474:"Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe – Selections from Janusz Gumkowski and Kazimierz Leszczynski 'Poland Under Nazi Occupation'"
1125:). At the same time, he relieved Neurath of his day-to-day duties. For all intents and purposes, Heydrich replaced Neurath as
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within Nazi Germany; further arrests and executions of Czech students and professors took place later during the occupation. (
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Overy, Richard (1999). "Germany and the Munich Crisis: A Multilated Victory?". In Igor Lukes & Erik Goldstein (ed.).
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A History of the University in Europe, Volume 3: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945)
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608:(1939–1945), the well-trained Czech workforce and developed industry were forced to make a major contribution to the
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showing the breakup of Czechoslovakia and the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia at omniatlas.com
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3141:, Ivan Kamenec; Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown eds. Cambridge University Press, 7 October 2011
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Seidl, Jan (2018). "Legal Imbroglio in the Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia". In Régis Schlagdenhauffen (ed.).
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2811:. Through the year, the headquarter received several different names because of the complex structure of the
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After the establishment of the Protectorate all political parties were outlawed, with the exception of the
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For administrative purposes the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was divided into two Länder: Böhmen (
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Eliáš was sentenced to death, and the execution was carried out on 19 June 1942 shortly after Heydrich's
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3448:"Nazi Conspiracy & Aggression Volume I Chapter XIII Germanization & Spoliation Czechoslovakia"
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The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935–1945
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Gruner, Wolf (2015). "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.).
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1381:(Order Police) or Orpo, in the Interior Ministry, who was also officially a deputy Reich Protector.
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The Czech State President (Státní Prezident) under the period of German rule from 1939 to 1945 was
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on 27 April 1939, who was himself also sacked on 2 October 1941 not long after the appointment of
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1154:, and martial law brought forth mass arrests, executions and the obliteration of the villages of
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Like in other occupied countries, the German military in Bohemia and Moravia was commanded by a
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for gassing. The vast majority of Romani in the Czech Republic today descend from migrants from
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The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia: Czech Initiatives, German Policies, Jewish Responses
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1392:, former Minister of the Interior (1933–1943) and Minister without Portfolio (1943–1945).
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to Berlin and the latter accepted his request for the German occupation of the Czech
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Germany's Foreign Policy Towards Poland and the Czech Republic: Ostpolitik Revisited
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emphasized that the group existed to affirm the Czech character of Bohemia-Moravia.
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Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848–1948
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a former Czechoslovak General who was executed for his secret contacts with the
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On 4 June 1942, Heydrich died after being wounded by Czechoslovak Commandos in
6673:ČSR; declared a "people's democracy" (without a formal name change) under the
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2749:
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2441:
2110:. Some Lidice children were spared because they were considered suitable for "
2012:
1845:
1178:
931:
919:
589:
554:
4155:
4102:
Collaboration in Eastern Europe during the Second World War and the Holocaust
3293:
3251:
5343:
5176:
5136:
4134:
3976:. War and Genocide. Translated by Heise, Bernard. New York: Berghahn Books.
3909:
3585:. State College, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 168,
3163:
Decree of 16 March 1939 establishing the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
2953:
Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
2793:
2623:
2600:
2536:
2501:
2473:
2425:
1304:
995:
2938:
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2920:
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2735:
2719:
2715:
2240:
Despite these pressures, a number of Czech teachers quietly inserted "anti-
898:
of 30 September 1938, Nazi Germany incorporated the ethnic German majority
596:
established the protectorate on 16 March 1939, issuing a proclamation from
2221:
In common with the other "submerged" nations of Eastern Europe, the Czech
6572:
6292:
5236:
4010:
Miller, Daniel (2005). "The Czech Republic". In Richard C. Frucht (ed.).
2699:
2618:
2592:
2588:
2560:
2508:
2492:
2445:
2421:
2409:
2178:
1213:
4152:, with land transfers by Germany, Hungary, and Poland in the late 1930s.
2825:
Wehrmachtbefehlshaber beim deutschen Staatsminister in Böhmen und Mähren
2244:" ideas into their lessons while refusing to greet their students with "
1162:. In 1943 the German war-effort was accelerated. Under the authority of
6707:
6451:
6447:
6443:
4169:
State Secretary in the Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia 1939–1945
2707:
2703:
2655:
2651:
2572:
2497:
2469:
2437:
2405:
2400:
2376:
2372:
2299: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2194:
2182:
2123:
1058:
1040:
241:
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1307:
until 1942, after which a Vůdce (Leader) for the party was appointed.
177:
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1942, in dark green within
6697:
5724:
3176:
Hitler and Czechoslovakia in World War II: Domination and Retaliation
2723:
2596:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2556:
2540:
2531:
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2173:
and potential dangerous instigators of Czech nationalism. Some 9,000
2119:
1481:
1155:
1102:
566:
235:
204:
3910:"Amtliches Deutsches Ortsbuch für das Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren"
2893:
1500:
and permanent representative of the Czech administration in Berlin.
1484:. When the dissolution of the Protectorate was proclaimed after the
1105:, who improved radio receivers to listen to foreign broadcasts, 1944
2817:
Wehrmachtbevollmächtigter beim Reichsprotektor in Böhmen und Mähren
1503:
The most prominent Czech politicians in the Protectorate included:
1204:
language became totally extinct. Romani internees were sent to the
600:. The creation of the protectorate violated the Munich Agreement.
576:
of September 1938, the Third Reich had annexed the German-majority
5889:
4135:
Amtliches Deutsches Ortsbuch für das Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren
3360:
Milan Hauner, Hitler: A Chronology of His Life and Time, page 139.
2671:
2662:
2512:
2481:
2255:
2205:(Brünn) and the area near the Slovak border into German enclaves.
2101:
1427:
1316:
1270:
1262:
1235:
1096:
973:
27:
Partially-annexed territory of Germany in Central Europe (1939–45)
4180:
History Hustle: The Czech Lands during World War II (1938 – 1945)
3849:
Kroener, Bernhard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (2003).
3162:
1492:
German government. The former foreign minister of Czechoslovakia
1043:
directed its activities mainly against Czech politicians and the
5969:
4012:
Eastern Europe An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
2631:
2627:
2564:
2202:
1456:(Předseda vlády) after the German take-over. He was replaced by
584:
in October 1938. Following the establishment of the independent
6345:
5058:
4193:
3105:"Hudba v Čechách a na Moravě v období německého protektorátu 3"
2821:
Wehrmachtbefehlshaber beim Reichsprotektor in Böhmen und Mähren
2268:
1464:
as the new Reich Protector. Because of his contacts with the
3788:. Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press. p. 179,
1315:
Ultimate authority within the Protectorate was held by the
1173:
For the Czechs of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia,
3392:
3390:
2141:
In March 1939, Karl Frank defined a "German national" as:
1337:, former Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany (1932–1938) and
3344:
3342:
1138:
was made into a ghetto way-station for Jewish families.
588:
on 14 March 1939, and the German occupation of the Czech
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3429:
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 353,
3056:
Joined the London-based Czechoslovak government in 1940.
1224:
was located in the Protectorate, near the border to the
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3317:
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3274:
S: I.M.O.N. Shoah: Intervention. Methods. Documentation
3232:
S: I.M.O.N. Shoah: Intervention. Methods. Documentation
3118:
3116:
3114:
4174:
German State Ministry of Bohemia and Moravia 1939–1945
3536:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 158.
2868:(1 September 1943 – 26 July 1944) (arrested after the
1188:
Many Jews emigrated after 1939; 8,000 survived at the
1006:, through actual rate should have been 6 crowns for 1
612:. Since the Protectorate was just out of the reach of
2150:
The Nazis aimed for the protectorate to become fully
6311:
6270:
6263:
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6139:
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952:. However, despite the protectorate having its own
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465:
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421:
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381:
369:
355:
339:
325:
309:
297:
283:
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228:
210:
200:
186:
34:
3687:
3080:The Czech Republic's national anthem down the ages
922:and its reorganization as a German protectorate.
565:. The protectorate's population was mostly ethnic
4106:Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies
3718:. 2nd ed. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press.
3633:[The First Martial Law in Protectorate].
1472:. From 19 January 1942 the government was led by
3993:The Munich Crisis, 1938, Prelude to World War II
3966:Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism
3815:Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism
1145:. Directives issued by Heydrich's successor, SS-
561:that was established on 16 March 1939 after the
3968:. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.
2827:. The commander also held the position of the
2143:
1444:(1872–1945), who had been the President of the
1345:until his official resignation in August 1943.
894:After Czechoslovakia accepted the terms of the
6642:ČSR; boundaries and government established by
4050:The Germanic Isle: Nazi Perceptions of Britain
3609:The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
902:regions along the German border directly into
623:The state's existence came to an end with the
6784:States and territories disestablished in 1945
6357:
5070:
4205:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
2379:). Each of these was further subdivided into
1129:. Under Heydrich's authority Prime Minister
871:
8:
6140:
5341:
5116:
5108:
4130:Maps of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
4014:. Santa Monica: ABC-CLIO. pp. 203–283.
3817:. Harvard University Press. pp. 55–57.
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3581:Connelly, John and Gruttner, Michael (2005)
3561:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 88.
3029:
1452:(1887–1954) continued to hold the office of
1267:Standard of the Reich Protector (1939–1944).
960:, real power lay with the Nazi authorities.
124:
40:
4077:Queer in Europe during the Second World War
4033:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
3940:. Cambridge University Press. p. 274.
2829:Befehlshaber im Wehrkreis Böhmen und Mähren
2213:and to be admitted to German universities.
118:
55:
6779:States and territories established in 1939
6605:1944 / 1946 – 1991
6364:
6350:
6342:
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5874:
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1505:
878:
864:
639:
171:
31:
4052:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2359:Learn how and when to remove this message
6385:
3995:. London: Frank Cass. pp. 191–215.
3716:Historical dictionary of the Czech State
3694:. New York: Facts on File. p. 200.
3603:
3601:
3599:
3348:
2963:Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)
6658:of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia.
4997:Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II
3690:Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide
3069:
3009:
2889:
2161:Hitler had approved a plan designed by
1404:in the Protectorate. A command of the
653:
642:
3896:
3772:
3534:The Extermination of the European Jews
3413:
3396:
3381:
3369:
3333:
3270:"Between Resistance and Collaboration"
3150:
3122:
2748:For party administrative purposes the
998:. The Czech crown was devalued to the
985:after the establishment of the German
3714:Fawn, Rick, and Jiří Hochman (2010).
3499:Cordell, Karl; Wolff, Stefan (2005).
3321:
3306:
2958:Government Army (Bohemia and Moravia)
2308:"Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia"
2106:Memorial to the murdered children of
1424:Government Army (Bohemia and Moravia)
447:
432:
428:
404:
392:
380:
368:
364:
354:
338:
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324:
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296:
282:
270:
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256:
7:
6505:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
2297:adding citations to reliable sources
2126:, particularly near the border with
1248:(sitting), listening to a speech of
1206:Lety and Hodonín concentration camps
1200:population was so thorough that the
618:the Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia
563:German occupation of the Czech lands
6734:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
6538:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
4928:1st Czechoslovak Mixed Air Division
4031:The Origins of the Second World War
3631:"První stanné právo v protektorátu"
3559:Czechoslovakia in Africa, 1945-1968
2260:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1410:was also established, known as the
1091:Czech resistance to Nazi occupation
970:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
551:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
193:and partially-annexed territory of
36:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
2857:(1 November 1941 – 31 August 1943)
2189:, Bessarabia, Sudetenland and the
1476:, and from January to May 1945 by
25:
6769:World War II occupied territories
5512:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
3028:; the Nazis called its territory
1222:Theresienstadt concentration camp
1123:Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor
1101:Announcement of the execution of
6000:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
5039:
5038:
3135:12 - The Slovak state, 1939–1945
3045:Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2848:(1 April 1939 – 27 October 1941)
2273:
1466:Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile
1432:Uniform of the Government Army (
1275:Standard of the State President.
1216:who moved there within post-war
1085:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
1021:
760:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
664:
521:
496:
135:
95:
81:
18:Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
6804:Collaboration with Nazi Germany
6789:20th century in the Czech lands
6494:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
5980:Norway (Administrative Council)
3583:Universities Under Dictatorship
3202:. Berghahn Books. p. 381.
2284:needs additional citations for
1047:. In 1940, in a secret plan on
914:invited Czechoslovak President
791:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
6739:Czechoslovakia in World War II
4146: (archived 7 October 2012)
3178:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 96,
2383:, each comprising a number of
1412:SS-Oberabschnitt Böhmen-Mähren
1349:27 September 1941–30 May 1942:
1255:next to SS and Police General
1002:at the rate of 10 crowns to 1
1:
6744:Client states of Nazi Germany
6005:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
3629:Šír, Vojtěch (3 April 2011).
3083:. Úřad vlády ČR. p. 64.
3018:Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren
1480:, the former police chief of
1330:16 March 1939–20 August 1943:
847:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
42:Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren
5778:Army Group Rear Area Command
5085:Administrative divisions in
3607:Agnew, Hugh LeCainer (2004)
3557:Muehlenbeck, Philip (2016).
3507:. Oxon: Routledge. pp.
1446:Second Czechoslovak Republic
1358:SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt
1208:before being transferred to
718:Second Czechoslovak Republic
592:the next day, German leader
504:Second Czechoslovak Republic
6749:German military occupations
6683:ČSSR; from 1969, after the
6160:Belgium and Northern France
5783:Belgium and Northern France
4923:1st Czechoslovak Army Corps
3532:Gerlach, Christian (2016).
3286:10.23777/SN.0221/ART_JLAN01
3244:10.23777/SN.0221/ART_JLAN01
2993:Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
2881:(26 July 1944 – 8 May 1945)
2389:
2252:Administrative subdivisions
1368:31 May 1942–20 August 1943:
770:Third Czechoslovak Republic
698:First Czechoslovak Republic
517:Third Czechoslovak Republic
6825:
6794:Politics of Czechoslovakia
5662:Civil Administration Areas
5267:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
4587:Slovak Insurgent Air Force
4567:Jan Žižka partisan brigade
3813:Bryant, Chad Carl (2009).
3174:Crowhurst, Patrick (2020)
3026:Protektorát Čechy a Morava
2973:History of the Czech lands
2095:
2057:Minister without Portfolio
1498:Minister without Portfolio
1421:
1385:20 August 1943–5 May 1945:
1362:Reich Security Main Office
1339:Minister without Portfolio
1259:in Prague, September 1942.
1190:Terezín concentration camp
967:
299:• 1942–1943 (acting)
285:• 1941–1942 (acting)
57:Protektorát Čechy a Morava
6693:Slovak Socialist Republic
6675:Ninth-of-May Constitution
6671:
6640:
6636:
6628:
6608:
6599:
6578:
6571:
6555:
6548:
6535:
6520:
6513:
6502:
6491:
6480:
6473:
6468:
6461:
6456:
6441:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
5532:North Brabant and Limburg
5527:South Holland and Zeeland
5522:North Holland and Utrecht
5517:Gelderland and Overijssel
5034:
4945:Freiwillige Schutzstaffel
4867:1st Czechoslovak Division
4689:Bratislava–Brno Offensive
4029:Rothwell, Victor (2001).
3656:K.Z. (24 December 2011).
2886:Identity card of citizens
2056:
2007:
1944:
1857:Ladislav Karel Feierabend
1851:
1825:
1792:
1743:
1717:
1648:
1553:
1527:
1522:
1244:of the Protectorate, Dr.
678:Origins of Czechoslovakia
475:
461:
429:
417:
365:
351:
335:
321:
267:
170:
111:
77:
72:
6689:Czech Socialist Republic
5770:Military administrations
5302:Württemberg-Hohenzollern
4834:Sereď concentration camp
4555:Jan Hus partisan brigade
4497:Slovak National Uprising
3611:. Hoover Press. p. 215,
3077:Gössel, Gabriel (2008).
2862:General der Panzertruppe
2772:(Bavarian Eastern March)
1177:represented a period of
4902:11th Infantry Battalion
4104:. new academic press /
4048:Strobl, Gerwin (2000).
3934:Teich, Mikulas (1998).
3855:Oxford University Press
3684:Catherwood, Christopher
2983:Lety concentration camp
1852:Minister of Agriculture
935:of the German people."
6595:Subcarpathian Ruthenia
6580:Southern Slovakia and
6141:
5871:Puppet administrations
5675:Carinthia and Carniola
5342:
5117:
5109:
5089:and German occupations
4543:Czech National Council
4318:Konstantin von Neurath
4150:Hungarian language map
3682:Horvitz, Leslie Alan;
3030:
3025:
3017:
2876:General der Infanterie
2852:General der Infanterie
2842:General der Infanterie
2732:Wallachisch-Meseritsch
2265:Protectorate districts
2261:
2163:Konstantin von Neurath
2148:
2136:Protektoratsangehörige
2135:
2115:
1437:
1335:Konstantin von Neurath
1276:
1268:
1260:
1106:
990:
941:Konstantin von Neurath
688:Washington Declaration
278:Konstantin von Neurath
125:
119:
56:
41:
6644:the 1920 constitution
5322:Reichsfestung Belgrad
4839:Theresienstadt Ghetto
4785:Kremnička and Nemecká
4289:Chief of Intelligence
4161:16 March 2015 at the
3425:Ruegg, Walter (2004)
3196:Gruner, Wolf (2019).
2808:Wehrmachtbefehlshaber
2776:Reichsgau Niederdonau
2765:Reichsgau Sudetenland
2259:
2105:
2008:Minister of Education
1887:Mikuláš z Bubna-Litic
1826:Minister of Economics
1528:Czech State President
1494:František Chvalkovský
1448:since November 1938.
1431:
1287:). Membership of the
1274:
1266:
1239:
1226:Reichsgau Sudetenland
1192:, which was used for
1100:
977:
950:collaborate with them
371:• 1939 (acting)
211:Common languages
6754:Former protectorates
6324:Strength Through Joy
6283:Weather Station Kurt
5985:Norway (Quisling II)
5232:Munich–Upper Bavaria
5217:March of Brandenburg
4907:1st Armoured Brigade
4108:. pp. 127–148.
3784:King, Jeremy (2005)
3454:on 28 September 2015
3034:("remnant Czechia").
2712:Mährisch-Weißkirchen
2293:improve this article
2211:Reich Labour Service
1744:Minister of Interior
1486:Liberation of Prague
1402:SS and Police Leader
1297:Národní souručenství
1293:Národní souručenství
1289:Národní souručenství
1285:Národní souručenství
1281:National Partnership
1143:Operation Anthropoid
825:
800:
779:
748:
737:
625:surrender of Germany
6809:Totalitarian states
6687:, consisted of the
6632:government-in-exile
6143:Reichskommissariats
5975:Norway (Quisling I)
5905:Chechnya-Ingushetia
5565:Bohemia and Moravia
5550:Partial annexations
5361:Danzig–West Prussia
4956:Emergency Divisions
4862:Czechoslovak Legion
4829:Carpathian Ruthenia
4489:Vrba–Wetzler report
4450:Minister of Defence
4240:Government-in-exile
3139:Slovakia in History
3004:Informational notes
2978:History of Slovakia
2782:Reichsgau Oberdonau
2381:Oberlandratsbezirke
1945:Minister of Traffic
1793:Minister of Finance
1718:Minister of Justice
1507:
1194:propaganda purposes
1168:resistance movement
1148:Oberstgruppenführer
837:Federative Republic
739:Bohemia and Moravia
470:Protectorate koruna
126:Wo meine Heimat ist
6764:History of Moravia
6759:History of Bohemia
6667:(1939–1945).
6656:autonomous regions
6654:ČSR; included the
6614:1991–present
6610:Zakarpattia Oblast
6601:Zakarpattia Oblast
6584:Carpathian Ukraine
6557:Kingdom of Hungary
5575:General Government
5252:Schleswig-Holstein
4665:Čajánek's barracks
4344:Karl Hermann Frank
4084:. pp. 53–62.
3937:Bohemia in History
3658:"Resting in glory"
3480:on 5 December 2012
3309:, p. 199-200.
2801:Military commander
2648:Ungarisch-Hradisch
2262:
2167:Karl Hermann Frank
2116:
1980:Jindřich Kamenický
1554:Minister President
1506:
1454:Minister President
1438:
1398:Karl Hermann Frank
1277:
1269:
1261:
1257:Karl Hermann Frank
1210:Auschwitz-Birkenau
1164:Karl Hermann Frank
1107:
991:
958:presidential guard
610:German war economy
132:"Where my home is"
6774:Reinhard Heydrich
6721:
6720:
6716:
6715:
6615:
6606:
6569:
6544:
6533:
6511:
6500:
6489:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6259:
6258:
6229:Other occupations
6224:
6223:
6135:
6134:
5850:Adriatic Littoral
5843:Operational Zones
5764:
5763:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5611:
5610:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5427:
5426:
5336:
5335:
5052:
5051:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4761:
4746:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4622:
4621:
4551:
4539:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4460:
4459:
4407:
4406:
4322:Reinhard Heydrich
4284:František Moravec
4115:978-3-7003-2073-9
4091:978-92-871-8464-1
4082:Council of Europe
3983:978-1-78238-444-1
3701:978-0-8160-6001-6
3568:978-1-137-56144-2
3543:978-0-521-70689-6
3518:978-0-415-36974-9
3399:, pp. 62–63.
3209:978-1-78920-285-4
3090:978-80-87041-42-0
2813:Reichsprotektorat
2741:
2740:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2343:
2089:
2088:
1520:Left office
1517:Took office
1462:Reinhard Heydrich
1354:Reinhard Heydrich
1311:German government
1175:German occupation
1115:Reinhard Heydrich
888:
887:
855:
854:
816:Velvet Revolution
728:German occupation
547:
546:
533:
532:
529:
528:
509:
508:
438:German occupation
395:• 1941–1945
383:• 1939–1941
341:• 1939–1945
311:• 1943–1945
291:Reinhard Heydrich
273:• 1939–1943
163:
16:(Redirected from
6816:
6633:
6613:
6604:
6587:
6586:
6567:
6542:
6531:
6527:
6509:
6498:
6487:
6386:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6343:
6268:
6150:
6146:
5875:
5862:Alpine Foothills
5730:
5680:Gebiet Bialystok
5658:
5571:
5555:
5500:
5414:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
5377:
5351:
5347:
5292:Westphalia-South
5287:Westphalia-North
5207:Magdeburg-Anhalt
5127:
5122:
5114:
5105:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5042:
5041:
5026:Western betrayal
5009:Munich Agreement
4968:Slovak Air Force
4852:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4759:
4758:
4744:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4697:Prague Offensive
4691:
4683:
4675:
4673:Slovak–Hungarian
4667:
4659:
4657:Carpatho-Ukraine
4651:
4643:
4631:
4610:
4582:Slovak partisans
4563:
4545:
4533:
4531:Council of Three
4507:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4471:
4445:Ferdinand Čatloš
4306:
4277:foreign minister
4236:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4191:
4181:
4119:
4095:
4063:
4044:
4025:
4006:
3987:
3952:
3951:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3869:
3868:
3846:
3829:
3828:
3810:
3797:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3737:
3733:"Theresienstadt"
3729:
3723:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3693:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3626:
3620:
3605:
3594:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3506:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3476:. Archived from
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3450:. Archived from
3444:
3438:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3400:
3394:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3372:, p. 62-63.
3367:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3193:
3187:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3074:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3014:
2968:Prague offensive
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2879:Rudolf Toussaint
2866:Ferdinand Schaal
2855:Rudolf Toussaint
2676:Mährisch-Budwitz
2390:
2364:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2301:
2277:
2269:
2199:České Budějovice
2122:as well as some
2070:
1988:
1958:
1925:
1895:
1865:
1806:
1508:
1418:Czech government
1025:
981:on his visit to
896:Munich Agreement
880:
873:
866:
708:Munich Agreement
674:
673:
668:
658:
640:
580:to Germany from
574:Munich Agreement
553:was a partially-
525:
524:
513:
512:
500:
499:
493:
492:
477:
476:
452:German surrender
440:
293:
175:
165:
164:
128:
122:
99:
85:
67:
59:
53:
52:
44:
32:
21:
6824:
6823:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6705:
6696:
6682:
6668:
6659:
6653:
6647:
6631:
6623:Austria-Hungary
6612:
6603:
6582:
6581:
6568:1939–1945
6566:
6563:Slovak Republic
6543:1939–1945
6541:
6532:1938–1939
6530:
6525:
6524:
6510:1990–1992
6508:
6499:1960–1990
6497:
6488:1948–1960
6486:
6483:Fourth Republic
6458:Austrian Empire
6450:
6446:
6428:1989–1992
6421:1948–1989
6414:1945–1948
6407:1938–1945
6400:1918–1938
6379:
6370:
6340:
6331:
6327:holiday resorts
6307:
6255:
6220:
6184:
6131:
6115:
6029:
5866:
5838:
5760:
5744:
5719:
5652:
5637:
5607:
5569:
5536:
5498:
5423:
5375:
5332:
5306:
5187:Halle-Merseburg
5172:Electoral Hesse
5162:Eastern Hanover
5099:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5053:
5048:
5030:
5019:Sudeten Germans
4977:
4963:Government Army
4932:
4911:
4843:
4800:
4752:
4728:
4618:
4596:
4557:
4519:
4505:Prague uprising
4456:
4413:Slovak Republic
4403:
4399:Emanuel Moravec
4387:Richard Bienert
4383:Jaroslav Krejčí
4355:
4349:Chief of Police
4336:Reichsprotektor
4295:
4227:
4218:
4179:
4163:Wayback Machine
4144:Wayback Machine
4126:
4116:
4098:
4092:
4073:
4068:Further reading
4060:
4047:
4041:
4028:
4022:
4009:
4003:
3990:
3984:
3971:
3956:
3955:
3948:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3895:
3872:
3865:
3857:. p. 255.
3848:
3847:
3832:
3825:
3812:
3811:
3800:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3606:
3597:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3403:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3112:
3107:. 25 July 2007.
3103:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3038:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2949:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2846:Erich Friderici
2837:
2803:
2746:
2744:NSDAP districts
2708:Mährisch-Ostrau
2691:Mährisch-Ostrau
2668:Groß-Meseritsch
2365:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2302:
2300:
2290:
2278:
2267:
2254:
2219:
2100:
2098:Generalplan Ost
2094:
2071:
2064:
2041:19 January 1942
2038:
2036:Emanuel Moravec
2021:19 January 1942
2015:
1989:
1982:
1959:
1952:
1929:19 January 1942
1926:
1919:
1896:
1889:
1866:
1859:
1833:
1807:
1800:
1774:
1772:Richard Bienert
1751:
1725:
1723:Jaroslav Krejčí
1699:
1678:
1657:
1630:
1628:Richard Bienert
1613:19 January 1945
1610:19 January 1942
1607:
1605:Jaroslav Krejčí
1584:
1561:
1535:
1478:Richard Bienert
1474:Jaroslav Krejčí
1426:
1420:
1378:Ordnungspolizei
1375:, Chief of the
1356:, chief of the
1343:Reichsprotektor
1324:Reichsprotektor
1313:
1250:Reichsprotektor
1242:state president
1234:
1202:Bohemian Romani
1127:Reichsprotektor
1119:Reichsprotektor
1054:Generalplan Ost
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1026:
972:
966:
908:Slovak Republic
884:
827:Post-revolution
750:Slovak Republic
656:
649:
638:
586:Slovak Republic
522:
497:
454:
441:
436:
412:Richard Bienert
408:
400:Jaroslav Krejčí
396:
384:
372:
342:
327:State President
312:
300:
289:
286:
274:
259:Reich Protector
182:
166:
136:
133:
131:
107:
106:
105:
100:
92:
91:
86:
68:
61:
54:
46:
39:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6822:
6820:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6726:
6725:
6719:
6718:
6714:
6713:
6677:following the
6670:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6607:
6598:
6590:
6589:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6559:
6554:
6546:
6545:
6534:
6526: Republic
6518:
6517:
6515:Czech Republic
6512:
6501:
6490:
6479:
6476:Third Republic
6472:
6467:
6464:First Republic
6460:
6455:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6346:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6321:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6274:
6272:
6265:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6156:
6154:
6147:
6137:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6025:Zuyev Republic
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5915:Czechoslovakia
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5655:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5348:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5212:Main Franconia
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Cologne–Aachen
5149:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5124:
5102:
5096:Administrative
5092:
5091:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5011:
5006:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4747:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4686:
4678:
4670:
4662:
4654:
4646:
4637:
4635:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4552:
4540:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4477:
4475:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4438:Prime Minister
4430:
4429:
4428:
4417:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4392:Prime minister
4376:
4375:
4374:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4314:
4312:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4265:Prime Minister
4257:
4256:
4255:
4244:
4242:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4221:Czechoslovakia
4219:
4217:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4156:Maps of Europe
4153:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4124:External links
4122:
4121:
4120:
4114:
4096:
4090:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4045:
4039:
4026:
4020:
4007:
4001:
3988:
3982:
3969:
3964:Bryant, Chad.
3954:
3953:
3947:978-0521431552
3946:
3926:
3901:
3899:, p. 193.
3870:
3863:
3830:
3824:978-0674034594
3823:
3798:
3777:
3756:
3724:
3707:
3700:
3674:
3648:
3621:
3595:
3574:
3567:
3549:
3542:
3524:
3517:
3491:
3465:
3439:
3418:
3401:
3386:
3374:
3362:
3353:
3338:
3336:, p. 269.
3326:
3324:, p. 200.
3311:
3299:
3257:
3215:
3208:
3188:
3167:
3155:
3153:, p. 103.
3143:
3127:
3125:, p. 104.
3110:
3096:
3089:
3068:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3049:
3036:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2873:
2858:
2849:
2836:
2833:
2802:
2799:
2786:
2785:
2784:(Upper Danube)
2779:
2778:(Lower Danube)
2773:
2767:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2644:Ungarisch-Brod
2621:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2577:Prag-Land-Nord
2534:
2528:
2527:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2375:) and Mähren (
2367:
2366:
2281:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2231:intelligentsia
2227:intelligentsia
2223:intelligentsia
2218:
2215:
2171:ungermanizable
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1948:
1946:
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1941:
1936:
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1911:
1906:
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1897:
1885:
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1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:Walter Bertsch
1829:
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1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1649:Leader of the
1646:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1603:
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1599:
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1590:2 October 1941
1588:
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1562:
1557:
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1512:
1419:
1416:
1387:
1386:
1370:
1369:
1351:
1350:
1332:
1331:
1312:
1309:
1233:
1230:
1218:Czechoslovakia
1045:intelligentsia
1030:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
965:
962:
954:postage stamps
943:and President
886:
885:
883:
882:
875:
868:
860:
857:
856:
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852:
849:
843:
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839:
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829:
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766:
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734:
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730:
724:
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720:
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710:
704:
703:
700:
694:
693:
690:
684:
683:
680:
670:
669:
661:
660:
657:Czechoslovakia
651:
650:
643:
637:
634:
614:Allied bombers
582:Czechoslovakia
545:
544:
542:Czech Republic
539:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
519:
510:
507:
506:
501:
489:
488:
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397:
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359:
357:Prime Minister
353:
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323:
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255:
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230:
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181:in light green
176:
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134:
109:
108:
101:
94:
93:
87:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
70:
69:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6821:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6799:Germanization
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
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6770:
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6742:
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6732:
6731:
6729:
6712:
6709:
6703:
6702:Ukrainian SSR
6699:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6685:Prague Spring
6680:
6676:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6657:
6651:
6645:
6639:
6634:
6630:Czechoslovak
6626:
6624:
6621:
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6618:
6611:
6602:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6588:
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6360:
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6328:
6325:
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6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
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6138:
6128:
6125:
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6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6086:Russia (KONR)
6084:
6082:
6081:Russia (ODNR)
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
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6018:
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5988:
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5908:
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5898:
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5880:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5853:
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5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:zone réservée
5798:
5797:Atlantic Wall
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5738:
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5735:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5722:
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5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5648:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Burgundy (SS)
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
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5566:
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5547:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5339:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Upper Silesia
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Lower Silesia
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5088:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5045:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4794:
4791:
4786:
4783:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4756:
4751:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4722:
4719:
4714:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4690:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4666:
4663:
4658:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4614:Working Group
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:Obrana národa
4570:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4522:
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4506:
4503:
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4490:
4487:
4482:
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4469:
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4451:
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4436:
4435:
4434:
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4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4330:Wilhelm Frick
4327:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4290:
4287:
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4285:
4282:
4278:
4275:
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4270:
4266:
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4261:
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4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4210:
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4186:
4182:
4177:
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4172:
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4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4040:9780719059582
4036:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4021:9781576078006
4017:
4013:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3927:
3915:
3914:www.hartau.de
3911:
3905:
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3898:
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3871:
3866:
3864:0-19-820873-1
3860:
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3831:
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3816:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3794:9780691122342
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3775:, p. 45.
3774:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3745:
3741:
3740:yadvashem.org
3734:
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3711:
3708:
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3675:
3663:
3662:The Economist
3659:
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3649:
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3632:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3617:9780817944926
3614:
3610:
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3591:9780271058627
3588:
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3492:
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3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3435:9780521361071
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3416:, p. 48.
3415:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3384:, p. 63.
3383:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3351:, p. 99.
3350:
3349:Rothwell 2001
3345:
3343:
3339:
3335:
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3327:
3323:
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3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
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3249:
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3211:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3184:9781350160095
3181:
3177:
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3073:
3070:
3066:
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3037:
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3031:Resttschechei
3027:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3005:
2998:
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2991:
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2798:
2795:
2791:
2790:Germanization
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:extended its
2751:
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2709:
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2697:
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2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
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2617:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:Prag-Land-Süd
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2545:Böhmisch-Brod
2542:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:Schüttenhofen
2514:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
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2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
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2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2363:
2360:
2352:
2349:February 2013
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310: –
2309:
2305:
2304:Find sources:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2282:This section
2280:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2175:Volksdeutsche
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2112:Germanization
2109:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:16 March 1939
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:February 1940
1898:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1810:16 March 1939
1809:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
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1727:
1724:
1720:
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1707:
1704:
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1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:Josef Nebeský
1654:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:27 April 1939
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:27 April 1939
1566:
1564:16 March 1939
1563:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:16 March 1939
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1434:Vládní vojsko
1430:
1425:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1407:Allgemeine-SS
1403:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1390:Wilhelm Frick
1384:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1310:
1308:
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1300:
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1273:
1265:
1258:
1254:
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1247:
1243:
1238:
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1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:Untermenschen
1060:
1055:
1050:
1049:Germanization
1046:
1042:
1032:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1012:volksdeutsche
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
988:
984:
983:Prague Castle
980:
976:
971:
963:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
942:
936:
934:
933:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
881:
876:
874:
869:
867:
862:
861:
859:
858:
850:
848:
845:
844:
840:
838:
835:
834:
830:
828:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
803:
802:Prague Spring
799:
798:
794:
792:
789:
788:
784:
782:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
757:
753:
751:
747:
746:
742:
740:
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
719:
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
699:
696:
695:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
667:
663:
662:
659:
652:
647:
641:
635:
633:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
599:
598:Prague Castle
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
557:territory of
556:
552:
543:
540:
538:Today part of
536:
520:
518:
515:
514:
511:
505:
502:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
444:15 March 1939
443:
439:
424:
420:
416:
413:
410:
401:
398:
389:
386:
377:
374:
360:
358:
350:
347:
344:
330:
328:
320:
317:
316:Wilhelm Frick
314:
305:
302:
292:
288:
279:
276:
262:
260:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
185:
180:
174:
169:
130:
129:
127:
121:
120:Kde domov můj
114:
110:
104:
98:
90:
84:
76:
71:
65:
58:
50:
43:
33:
30:
19:
6672:
6650:Nazi Germany
6641:
6593:
6579:
6561:
6549:
6537:
6536:
6521:
6503:
6492:
6481:
6474:
6462:
6442:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6391:
6374:Czechoslovak
6372:Timeline of
6288:Schatzgräber
5710:West Prussia
5690:Lower Styria
5628:Holland (SS)
5564:
5399:Upper Danube
5394:Lower Danube
5197:Hesse-Nassau
5167:East Prussia
5137:Baden-Alsace
5100:Nazi Germany
5098:divisions of
5087:Nazi Germany
5002:
4951:Hlinka Guard
4943:
4819:Protectorate
4750:Heydrichiáda
4577:Out Distance
4449:
4437:
4433:Vojtech Tuka
4425:
4391:
4371:
4348:
4334:
4326:Kurt Daluege
4301:Protectorate
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4248:Edvard Beneš
4225:World War II
4101:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4049:
4030:
4011:
3992:
3973:
3965:
3959:Bibliography
3958:
3957:
3936:
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3913:
3904:
3850:
3814:
3785:
3780:
3747:. Retrieved
3739:
3727:
3715:
3710:
3689:
3677:
3665:. Retrieved
3661:
3651:
3639:. Retrieved
3634:
3624:
3608:
3582:
3577:
3558:
3552:
3533:
3527:
3502:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3478:the original
3468:
3458:27 September
3456:. Retrieved
3452:the original
3442:
3426:
3421:
3377:
3365:
3356:
3329:
3302:
3280:(2): 13–37.
3277:
3273:
3266:Láníček, Jan
3260:
3238:(2): 13–37.
3235:
3231:
3224:Láníček, Jan
3218:
3198:
3191:
3175:
3170:
3158:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3099:
3079:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3039:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2988:Out Distance
2875:
2870:20 July plot
2860:
2851:
2840:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2787:
2770:Gau Bayreuth
2757:
2747:
2720:Olmütz-Stadt
2611:
2509:Pilsen-Stadt
2466:Neu-Bidschow
2393:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2355:
2346:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2303:
2291:Please help
2286:verification
2283:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2207:
2170:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2117:
2062:Jiří Havelka
1950:Jiří Havelka
1902:January 1942
1798:Josef Kalfus
1698:Tomáš Krejčí
1677:Josef Fousek
1633:January 1945
1559:Rudolf Beran
1502:
1490:
1450:Rudolf Beran
1439:
1433:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1376:
1373:Kurt Daluege
1371:
1357:
1352:
1342:
1333:
1323:
1314:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1253:Kurt Daluege
1187:
1183:
1172:
1152:Kurt Daluege
1146:
1140:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:World War II
1108:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1070:Aryanization
1062:
1038:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
987:protectorate
937:
930:
928:
924:
912:Adolf Hitler
904:Nazi Germany
893:
889:
738:
622:
606:World War II
602:
594:Adolf Hitler
571:
559:Nazi Germany
550:
548:
486:Succeeded by
485:
480:
407:• 1945
376:Rudolf Beran
304:Kurt Daluege
252:dictatorship
249:totalitarian
245:protectorate
218:
195:Nazi Germany
191:Protectorate
179:Nazi Germany
123: /
116:
112:
103:Coat of arms
29:
6648:Annexed by
6470:Sudetenland
6435:1993–
6165:Netherlands
5965:Netherlands
5705:Sudetenland
5653:occupations
5489:Vistulaland
5366:Sudetenland
5318:Prinz-Eugen
5222:Mecklenburg
5014:Sudetenland
4973:Slovak Army
4814:Sudetenland
4753: [
4742:17 November
4721:Operation B
4597: [
4558: [
4513:Czech Radio
4379:Alois Eliáš
4272:Jan Masaryk
3919:24 November
3897:Bryant 2009
3773:Bryant 2009
3667:12 February
3414:Bryant 2009
3397:Strobl 2000
3382:Strobl 2000
3370:Strobl 2000
3334:Miller 2005
3165:(in German)
3151:Gruner 2015
3123:Gruner 2015
2716:Olmütz-Land
2632:Brünn-Stadt
2553:Jungbunzlau
2505:Pilsen-Land
2458:Leitomischl
2201:(Budweis),
2187:South Tyrol
2084:Independent
2065: [
1983: [
1972:Independent
1953: [
1920: [
1917:Adolf Hrubý
1890: [
1879:Independent
1860: [
1801: [
1749:Josef Ježek
1597:Independent
1582:Alois Eliáš
1458:Alois Eliáš
1400:the senior
1131:Alois Eliáš
1077:Jan Opletal
900:Sudetenland
781:Coup d'état
655:History of
578:Sudetenland
481:Preceded by
388:Alois Eliáš
6728:Categories
6706:Oblast of
6691:(ČSR) and
6298:Bassgeiger
6278:New Swabia
6246:San Marino
6071:Montenegro
5995:Montenegro
5817:Luxembourg
5695:Luxembourg
5479:Vandalland
5444:Beskidland
5371:Wartheland
5344:Reichsgaus
5157:Düsseldorf
4734:War crimes
4681:Dukla Pass
4481:Anthropoid
4466:Resistance
4421:Jozef Tiso
4367:Emil Hácha
4260:Jan Šrámek
4232:Government
4059:0521782651
4002:0714680567
3744:Yad Vashem
3637:(in Czech)
3322:Overy 1999
3307:Overy 1999
2999:References
2835:Commanders
2794:Gauleiters
2750:Nazi Party
2628:Brünn-Land
2585:Prag-Stadt
2521:Strakonitz
2454:Königinhof
2450:Königgrätz
2442:Hohenmauth
2433:Königgrätz
2319:newspapers
2246:Sieg Heil!
2235:Sieg Heil!
2197:(Olmütz),
2152:Germanized
2096:See also:
2092:Population
2077:April 1939
2074:March 1939
2044:5 May 1945
2013:Jan Kapras
1995:5 May 1945
1992:April 1941
1965:April 1941
1962:April 1939
1932:5 May 1945
1813:5 May 1945
1541:9 May 1945
1533:Emil Hácha
1442:Emil Hácha
1422:See also:
1246:Emil Hácha
1179:oppression
1117:as Deputy
1008:Reichsmark
1004:Reichsmark
1000:Reichsmark
968:See also:
945:Emil Hácha
932:Lebensraum
920:rump state
916:Emil Hácha
636:Background
590:rump state
572:After the
457:8 May 1945
346:Emil Hácha
229:Government
6679:1948 coup
6377:statehood
6319:Nordstern
6303:Edelweiss
6211:Turkestan
6201:Don-Volga
6101:Turkestan
6051:Cossackia
5990:Macedonia
5950:Lithuania
5855:Ljubljana
5740:Bialystok
5725:Districts
5389:Carinthia
5282:Weser-Ems
5272:Thuringia
5242:Pomerania
5227:Moselland
5182:Franconia
5003:Fall Grün
4875:Squadrons
4806:Holocaust
4788:(1944–45)
4426:President
4372:President
4253:President
3635:Fronta.cz
3294:2408-9192
3252:2408-9192
3064:Citations
2696:Friedberg
2684:Trebitsch
2680:Neustadtl
2624:Boskowitz
2605:Tschaslau
2601:Seltschan
2537:Beneschau
2502:Kralowitz
2478:Reichenau
2474:Pardubitz
2470:Neuenburg
2426:Wittingau
2217:Education
2209:join the
1511:Portfolio
1496:became a
1470:own death
1320:Protector
1305:Presidium
1089:See also
996:rationing
841:1990–1992
831:1989–1992
795:1948–1989
774:1945–1948
764:1939–1945
754:1939–1945
743:1939–1945
732:1938–1945
722:1938–1939
702:1918–1938
239:one-party
73:1939–1945
6573:Slovakia
6551:Slovakia
6393:Pre-1918
6312:Proposed
6293:Holzauge
6196:Caucasia
6189:Proposed
6127:Brittany
6120:Proposed
6111:Wallonia
6096:Slovakia
6046:Bulgaria
6020:Wallonia
6010:Slovakia
5925:Flanders
5807:Slovakia
5756:Brussels
5749:Proposed
5715:Zichenau
5685:Lorraine
5633:Lombardy
5616:Proposed
5504:Westland
5494:Wallonia
5474:Nordmark
5469:Gothland
5459:Flanders
5454:Burgundy
5432:Proposed
5404:Salzburg
5311:Proposed
5297:Westmark
5237:NSDAP/AO
5142:Bayreuth
5119:Altreich
5044:Category
4824:Slovakia
4793:Ploština
4777:Životice
4765:Kobylisy
4713:Racibórz
4627:Military
4159:Archived
3749:13 April
3686:(2006).
3268:(2021).
3226:(2021).
3016:German:
2947:See also
2728:Proßnitz
2700:Kremsier
2593:Raudnitz
2589:Rakonitz
2549:Brandeis
2446:Jitschin
2418:Pilgrams
2414:Ledetsch
2410:Gumpolds
2191:Altreich
2179:Bukovina
2128:Slovakia
1636:May 1945
1514:Minister
1232:Politics
1214:Slovakia
1081:en masse
806:Invasion
646:a series
644:Part of
466:Currency
247:under a
6708:Ukraine
6700:of the
6665:Hungary
6661:Annexed
6452:Silesia
6448:Moravia
6444:Bohemia
6271:Founded
6251:Tunisia
6236:Finland
6206:Muscovy
6180:Ukraine
6175:Ostland
6153:Founded
6106:Ukraine
6076:Romania
6066:Hungary
6041:Belarus
6015:Ukraine
5940:Hungary
5920:Denmark
5910:Croatia
5900:Belarus
5895:Austria
5885:Albania
5878:Founded
5788:Croatia
5733:Founded
5583:Galicia
5558:Founded
5464:Galicia
5449:Brabant
5381:Austria
5354:Founded
5328:Holland
5257:Silesia
5192:Hamburg
5130:Founded
4855:Western
4705:Slivice
4641:Sudeten
4634:Battles
4474:Actions
4185:YouTube
4142:at the
3641:24 June
3047:in 1942
2736:Wesetin
2652:Wischau
2573:Pibrans
2498:Klattau
2438:Chrudim
2406:Budweis
2401:Budweis
2385:Bezirke
2377:Moravia
2373:Bohemia
2333:scholar
2195:Olomouc
2183:Dobruja
2124:Slovaks
1136:Terezín
1109:During
1059:Siberia
1041:Gestapo
964:History
627:to the
555:annexed
450:•
435:•
422:History
242:fascist
233:Unitary
201:Capital
113:Anthem:
6698:Oblast
6695:(SSR).
6523:Second
6241:Monaco
6170:Norway
6091:Serbia
6061:Greece
6056:France
6034:Exiled
5935:Greece
5930:France
5827:Serbia
5822:Poland
5812:Greece
5793:France
5670:Alsace
5651:German
5603:Warsaw
5593:Lublin
5588:Kraków
5484:Venice
5419:Vienna
5409:Styria
5262:Swabia
5247:Saxony
5147:Berlin
4990:Topics
4916:Soviet
4796:(1945)
4780:(1944)
4770:Lidice
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