Knowledge (XXG)

Protestant Reformers

Source 📝

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Berengar of Tours (c. 1005-1088), Bernand of Clairvaux, the Waldensians in the twelfth century, the Albigensians in the thirteenth century and John Wycliffe (x. 1330-1385) and Jan Hus (c. 1370-1415) in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, are all prefigured in the poetic images of Solomon's Songs.
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John of Wessel was one member in the group who attacked indulgences (Reddy 2004:115). The doctrine of justification by faith alone was the teaching of John of Wessel (Kuiper 1982:151). He rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation where it is believed when the priest pronounces the sacraments then
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Berengar of Tours (first half og the eleventh century), whose views occasioned the dispute known as the Second Eucharistic Controversy. Berengar aught that the body and the blood of the Lord were no "real" in the Eucharist but a specific image or likeleness ("figuram quandam similitudinem"). He was
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Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
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There were also a number of people who initially cooperated with the Radical Reformers, but separated from them to form a "Second Front", principally in objection to
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Berengar of Tours was an 11th-century theologian who argued that the doctrine of transubstantiation was contrary to reason and unsupported by scripture
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Fictitious dispute between the leading Protestant Reformers (sitting at the left side of the table:
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George, Timothy. Theology of the Reformers. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman Press, 1988.
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Prophecy, Piety, and the Problem of Historicity: Interpreting the Hebrew
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was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by
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For a full and detailed list of all known Protestant Reformers, see
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the wine and bread in turned into the real body and blood of Christ
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that sought a return to what they perceived as the purity of the
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The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition
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who actively opposed the Reformation and partook in the
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Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
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F. L. Cross; E. A. Livingstone, eds. (13 March 1997).
4559: 4478: 4407: 4342: 4264: 4195: 4109: 3876: 3759: 3595: 3486: 3368: 3266: 3155: 2099:became the first reformer to express a form of the 2072:whose careers, works and actions brought about the 2745:"Gottschalk Of Orbais | Roman Catholic theologian" 2095:, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, 2855:They all become forerunners of Luther and Calvin 2235:There were a number of key reformers within the 2231:) and the representatives of the Catholic Church 1262:(retained by Lutherans, mostly banned by Trent) 3115: 2046: 1495: 27:Theologians who brought about the Reformation 8: 3004:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2913:"Pierre Valdo (1140-1217) and the Waldenses" 2881:Jung, Emma; Franz, Marie-Luise von (1998). 4192: 3122: 3108: 3100: 2866:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2053: 2039: 1533: 1513: 1502: 1488: 36: 2814:. Springer Science & Business Media. 2719:. USA: Oxford University Press. pp.  2811:John Bale's 'The Image of Both Churches' 2202: 4540:Fostering of early experimental science 2692:. Basingstoke: Pickering & Inglis. 2677: 1525: 48: 4644:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 2859: 693:Censorship of the Bible § 16th century 3040:"Lollard | English religious history" 7: 2900:thus a forerunner of the Reformers. 2795:"Gottschalk "Fulgentius" of Orbais" 2079:In the context of the Reformation, 3074:from the original on Jun 18, 2023. 2808:Minton, Gretchen E. (2014-01-26). 25: 2139:and whose teachings foreshadowed 1001:16th century Renaissance humanism 740:Political and religious conflicts 2022: 983:Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age 859:Influence on church architecture 56: 4792:Religious reformers by religion 2838:Siebeck, Mohr (11 March 2016). 4503:Separation of church and state 4172:Formal and material principles 4157:Separation of church and state 2887:. Princeton University Press. 684:Counter-Reformation § Politics 1: 4167:Hymnody of continental Europe 3318:Apostles in the New Testament 1396:Conclusion and commemorations 1079:Hymnody of continental Europe 992:Folklore of the Low Countries 627:Frederick V, Elector Palatine 290:Theologies of seminal figures 2995:"Savonarola, Girolamo"  2660:List of Protestant Reformers 301:Theology of Huldrych Zwingli 32:List of Protestant Reformers 3615:Eastern Orthodox opposition 2768:caryslmbrown (2017-07-18). 2439:Important reformers of the 1898:United and uniting churches 1728:Great Awakenings in America 1028:English Renaissance theatre 510:Denmark–Norway and Holstein 4808: 3632:Art patronage of Julius II 2968:Pharos Journal of Theology 2113: 1223:Lutheran and Anglican Mass 1088:Music of the British Isles 1015:16th century in literature 29: 4724: 4135:Calvinist–Arminian debate 3137: 2183:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples 2128:, there were a number of 1449:Calendrical commemoration 762:War of the Three Kingdoms 296:Theology of Martin Luther 4624:Christian existentialism 2842:. Germany. p. 372. 2666:Protestantism in Germany 1598:Relations with Catholics 161:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel 3131:History of Christianity 3001:Encyclopædia Britannica 2774:Doing History in Public 2237:Magisterial Reformation 2029:Christianity portal 1294:First Wittenberg hymnal 752:French Wars of Religion 566:Major political leaders 306:Theology of John Calvin 4692:Fourth Great Awakening 4579:Second Great Awakening 3818:Fall of Constantinople 3610:Development of primacy 2793:Lockridge, Kenneth R. 2503:Second Front Reformers 2370:Johannes Oecolampadius 2232: 2126:Edmund Hamer Broadbent 2074:Protestant Reformation 2011:Spiritual Christianity 1010:16th century in poetry 813:German Renaissance Art 793:Painting and sculpture 4687:Reformed epistemology 4629:Third Great Awakening 4599:Seventh-day Adventist 4520:First Great Awakening 4393:Book of Common Prayer 4187:Protestant work ethic 3730:Independent Catholics 3681:Monastery dissolution 2375:Peter Martyr Vermigli 2206: 2199:Magisterial Reformers 2076:of the 16th century. 1418:Simultaneous rise of 1330:Book of Common Prayer 1130:Scottish church music 1116:Anglican church music 597:Gaspard II de Coligny 572:Henry VIII of England 376:Peter Martyr Vermigli 4787:Protestant Reformers 4510:Edicts of toleration 4319:Three Forms of Unity 4084:Bohemian Reformation 3657:Catholic Reformation 3514:Roman state religion 3333:Council of Jerusalem 2511:. Among these were: 2153:Gottschalk of Orbais 2066:Protestant Reformers 1698:Crypto-Protestantism 1635:Bohemian Reformation 1409:Protestant orthodoxy 1382:Whole Book of Psalms 1346:Book of Common Order 1214:Ecclesiastical Latin 767:German Peasants' War 319:Protestant Reformers 249:Northern Renaissance 244:Bohemian Reformation 228:Contributing factors 132:Gottschalk of Orbais 4682:Liberation theology 4589:Jehovah's Witnesses 4422:Radical Reformation 4150:Resistance theories 4037:Christian mysticism 4032:Early Scholasticism 3744:Ecclesial community 3642:Counter-Reformation 3507:Constantinian shift 2561:Counter-Reformation 2531:Christian Entfelder 2441:Radical Reformation 2289:Johannes Bugenhagen 2254:Philipp Melanchthon 2178:Girolamo Savonarola 2116:Proto-Protestantism 1936:Confessing Movement 1676:Augsburg Confession 1630:Proto-Protestantism 1414:Peace of Westphalia 1405:Confessionalization 1209:Liturgical Struggle 1135:Normative principle 714:Holy Roman Emperors 663:Counter-Reformation 114:Girolamo Savonarola 18:Protestant reformer 4756:Oriental Orthodoxy 4399:King James Version 4211:Ninety-five Theses 4007:Apostolic Brethren 3781:Church of the East 3776:Oriental Orthodoxy 3622:Crusading movement 3142:Early Christianity 2690:The Pilgrim Church 2613:Ignatius of Loyola 2541:Balthasar Hubmaier 2521:Johannes Bünderlin 2485:Kaspar Schwenkfeld 2345:Heinrich Bullinger 2233: 2110:Notable precursors 2101:Reformed tradition 2089:Philip Melanchthon 1921:Augsburg Catholics 1888:Eastern Protestant 1670:Ninety-five Theses 1563:Anti-Protestantism 1319:Thomissøn's hymnal 1121:Exclusive psalmody 877:Metaphysical poets 799:Northern Mannerism 789:Art and literature 702:Anti-Protestantism 638:Electors of Saxony 602:Henry IV of France 592:William the Silent 515:Sweden and Finland 406:Balthasar Hubmaier 371:Heinrich Bullinger 331:Philip Melanchthon 264:Johannes Gutenberg 254:Christian humanism 196:Ninety-five Theses 64:Ninety-five Theses 4774: 4773: 4751:Eastern Orthodoxy 4619:Finnish Awakening 4574:Holiness movement 4515:Congregationalism 4474: 4473: 4334:Metrical psalters 3771:Eastern Orthodoxy 3715:Neo-Scholasticism 3422:Canon development 3323:Jewish Christians 2894:978-0-691-00237-8 2849:978-3-16-154270-1 2821:978-94-007-7296-0 2568:Girolamo Aleandro 2552:Counter-Reformers 2435:Radical Reformers 2294:Andreas Karlstadt 2158:Berengar of Tours 2148:Claudius of Turin 2085:Andreas Karlstadt 2063: 2062: 1903:Nondenominational 1863:Plymouth Brethren 1755:Proto-Protestants 1512: 1511: 1336:Metrical psalters 757:Eighty Years' War 747:Thirty Years' War 632:Philip I of Hesse 356:Andreas Karlstadt 166:Johannes von Goch 147:Berengar of Tours 142:Claudius of Turin 123:Arnold of Brescia 16:(Redirected from 4799: 4193: 3580:Non-Chalcedonian 3561:Constantinople I 3353:General epistles 3348:Pauline epistles 3328:Paul the Apostle 3306:Great Commission 3124: 3117: 3110: 3101: 3076: 3075: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3050: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2997: 2986: 2980: 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2308:Mikael Agricola 2264:Martin Chemnitz 2245: 2201: 2173:Wessel Gansfort 2124:, according to 2120:Throughout the 2118: 2112: 2059: 2021: 2016: 2015: 2001:Paleo-orthodoxy 1956:Emerging church 1931:Confessionalism 1916: 1908: 1907: 1848:Radical Pietism 1750: 1740: 1739: 1625: 1615: 1614: 1558: 1550: 1508: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1456:Reformation Day 1446: 1397: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1376: 1364:Genevan Psalter 1358: 1353:Souterliedekens 1340: 1324: 1306: 1288: 1265: 1255: 1241: 1237:Paraphrase mass 1228: 1218: 1204: 1190: 1171: 1157: 1139: 1125: 1111: 1097: 1083: 1070: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1019: 1005: 996: 987: 973: 949: 910: 886: 850: 836: 822: 808: 790: 782: 781: 742: 732: 731: 730: 711: 697: 688: 679: 670:Catholic Church 664: 656: 655: 654: 622:Gustav II Adolf 617:Gabriel Bethlen 612:Stephen Bocskai 607:Jeanne d'Albret 582:Oliver Cromwell 567: 559: 558: 451: 443: 442: 386:François Hotman 366:George Buchanan 351:William Tyndale 321: 311: 310: 291: 283: 282: 278:Johann Reuchlin 229: 221: 220: 191: 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4190: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4177:Law and Gospel 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4121: 4119: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3858:Ottoman Empire 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3767: 3765: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3601: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3589: 3587:Biblical canon 3584: 3583: 3582: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3536: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3498: 3496: 3488:Late antiquity 3484: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3436:Church Fathers 3429: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3376: 3374: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3278: 3272: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3127: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3094:978-0805401950 3084: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3055: 3044:Britannica.com 3031: 3007: 2992:, ed. (1911). 2990:Chisholm, Hugh 2981: 2952: 2928: 2904: 2893: 2873: 2848: 2830: 2820: 2800: 2785: 2760: 2749:Britannica.com 2736: 2729: 2705: 2698: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2662:(alphabetical) 2655: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2638:Francis Xavier 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2578:Thomas Cajetan 2575: 2570: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2463:John of Leiden 2460: 2455: 2453:Thomas Müntzer 2448: 2445: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2417:Richard Hooker 2414: 2409: 2404: 2402:Matthew Parker 2399: 2394: 2392:Thomas Cranmer 2387: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2318:Jiří Třanovský 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2291: 2286: 2284:Johannes Brenz 2281: 2276: 2271: 2269:Georg Spalatin 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2241: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2114:Main article: 2111: 2108: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1966:Fundamentalism 1963: 1961:Evangelicalism 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1858:Stone-Campbell 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1792:Congregational 1789: 1784: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1703:Nonconformists 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1626: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1530: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1506: 1499: 1492: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1452: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1416: 1411: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1333: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1315: 1312:Swenske songer 1307: 1305: 1304: 1297: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1271: 1264: 1263: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1200:Deutsche Messe 1197: 1195:Formula missae 1191: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1177: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1146: 1144:Anglican chant 1140: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1006: 1004: 1003: 997: 995: 994: 988: 986: 985: 980: 974: 972: 971: 966: 961: 956: 950: 948: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 911: 909: 908: 903: 898: 893: 887: 885: 884: 879: 874: 868: 862: 861: 849: 848: 843: 837: 835: 834: 829: 823: 821: 820: 815: 809: 807: 806: 801: 795: 791: 788: 787: 784: 783: 780: 779: 774: 772:Wars of Kappel 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 743: 738: 737: 734: 733: 729: 728: 723: 717: 710: 709: 704: 698: 696: 695: 689: 687: 686: 680: 678: 677: 672: 666: 665: 662: 661: 658: 657: 653: 652: 647: 641: 635: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 587:James VI and I 584: 579: 574: 568: 565: 564: 561: 560: 557: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 458: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 441: 440: 433: 431:Roger Williams 428: 423: 421:Richard Hooker 418: 416:Thomas Cranmer 413: 408: 403: 401:Thomas Müntzer 398: 396:Hubert Languet 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 322: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 298: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 275: 270: 268:printing press 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 239:Avignon Papacy 236: 234:Western Schism 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 192: 187: 186: 183: 182: 179: 178: 173: 171:Friends of God 168: 163: 158: 153: 144: 139: 134: 129: 120: 111: 102: 93: 83: 78: 77: 74: 73: 61: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4804: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4761:Protestantism 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4634:Azusa Revival 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4614:Laestadianism 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4551:Old Lutherans 4548: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4217:Diet of Worms 4215: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4117:Protestantism 4112: 4108: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3868:North America 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3478:Early African 3476: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3461:Justin Martyr 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3367: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3281:Life of Jesus 3279: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269:Apostolic Age 3265: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3003: 3002: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2918: 2914: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2877: 2874: 2869: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2804: 2801: 2796: 2789: 2786: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2732: 2730:0-19-211655-X 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2709: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2623:Pope Paul III 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2536:Conrad Grebel 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2479:Schwenkfelder 2478: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2355:William Farel 2353: 2351: 2350:Theodore Beza 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2313:Primož Trubar 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2249:Martin Luther 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2239:, including: 2238: 2230: 2229:Oecolampadius 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2188:John Wycliffe 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2168:Lorenzo Valla 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2081:Martin Luther 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2019: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2006:Progressivism 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1996:New Calvinism 1994: 1992: 1991:Neo-orthodoxy 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1946:Church Growth 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1787:Presbyterians 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1664:Martin Luther 1662: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1527:Protestantism 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1478:Protestantism 1476: 1475: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1393: 1392: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1269: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1107:Lutheran hymn 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1066: 1065: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1002: 999: 998: 993: 990: 989: 984: 981: 979: 976: 975: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 951: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 912: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 867: 866: 860: 857: 856: 855: 854: 847: 844: 842: 841:Art conflicts 839: 838: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 805: 802: 800: 797: 796: 794: 786: 785: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 744: 741: 736: 735: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 716: 715: 708: 705: 703: 700: 699: 694: 691: 690: 685: 682: 681: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 660: 659: 651: 648: 646: 645:Frederick III 643: 642: 640: 639: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 569: 563: 562: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 470: 466: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 447: 446: 439: 438: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 381:William Farel 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 361:Theodore Beza 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 326:Martin Luther 324: 323: 320: 315: 314: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 293: 287: 286: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 225: 224: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 201:Diet of Worms 199: 197: 194: 193: 190: 185: 184: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 124: 121: 119: 115: 112: 110: 106: 103: 101: 97: 96:John Wycliffe 94: 92: 88: 85: 84: 81: 76: 75: 70: 69:Martin Luther 67:, written by 66: 65: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 4677:Charismatics 4660: 4639:Gospel music 4569:Camp meeting 4561:1789–present 4493:Missionaries 4463: 4456: 4447:Menno Simons 4391: 4387:Church music 4238: 4209: 4094:Conciliarism 4079:Papal Schism 3921:Scandinavian 3813:Great Schism 3791:Nestorianism 3763:Christianity 3695:priest holes 3576:Chalcedonian 3539:Christianity 3493:Great Church 3301:Resurrection 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Index

Protestant reformer
List of Protestant Reformers
a series
Reformation

Ninety-five Theses
Martin Luther
Precursors
Peter Waldo
Waldensians
John Wycliffe
Lollardy
Jan Hus
Hussites
Girolamo Savonarola
Piagnoni
Arnold of Brescia
Arnoldists
Gottschalk of Orbais
Ratramnus
Claudius of Turin
Berengar of Tours
Berengarians
Wessel Gansfort
Johann Ruchrat von Wesel
Johannes von Goch
Friends of God
Pataria
Beginning
Ninety-five Theses

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