1254:
4170:
2403:. It was followed by the Anabarian, which lasted from 1.65–1.2 Ga and was itself followed by the Turukhanian from 1.2–1.03 Ga. The Turukhanian was succeeded by the Uchuromayan, lasting from 1.03–0.85 Ga, which was in turn succeeded by the Yuzhnouralian, lasting from 0.85–0.63 Ga. The final two zones were the Amadeusian, spanning the first half of the Ediacaran from 0.63–0.55 Ga, and the Belomorian, spanning from 0.55–0.542 Ga.
1302:
4159:
1287:
84:
1272:
1200:
created by high pressure, > 1 GPa), is explained using a model that incorporates subduction. The lack of eclogites that date to the
Archean Eon suggests that conditions at that time did not favor the formation of high grade metamorphism and therefore did not achieve the same levels of
1366:
was dominant in the early-mid
Proterozoic and not much is known about continental assemblages before then. There are a few plausible models that explain tectonics of the early Earth prior to the formation of Columbia, but the current most plausible hypothesis is that prior to Columbia, there were
1241:
suggest that crust production happened episodically. By isotopically calculating the ages of
Proterozoic granitoids it was determined that there were several episodes of rapid increase in continental crust production. The reason for these pulses is unknown, but they seemed to have decreased in
1074:
There is evidence that the first known glaciations occurred during the
Proterozoic. The first began shortly after the beginning of the Proterozoic Eon, and evidence of at least four during the Neoproterozoic Era at the end of the Proterozoic Eon, possibly climaxing with the hypothesized
3079:
Rino, Shuji; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Windley, Brian F.; Katayama, Ikuo; Motoki, Akihisa; Hirata, Takafumi (August 2004). "Major episodic increases of continental crustal growth determined from zircon ages of river sands; implications for mantle overturns in the Early
Precambrian".
2508:, appeared. In the second half of the 20th century, a number of fossil forms have been found in Proterozoic rocks, particularly in ones from the Ediacaran, proving that multicellular life had already become widespread tens of millions of years before the
1143:, indicate an increase in atmospheric oxygen 2 billion years ago. Such massive iron oxide formations are not found in older rocks. The oxygen buildup was probably due to two factors: Exhaustion of the chemical sinks, and an increase in
1328:
complexes, we see today. Hence, most geologists would conclude that the Earth was active at that time. It is also commonly accepted that during the
Precambrian, the Earth went through several supercontinent breakup and rebuilding cycles
3279:
Miao, Lanyun; Moczydłowska, Małgorzata; Zhu, Shixing; Zhu, Maoyan (February 2019). "New record of organic-walled, morphologically distinct microfossils from the late
Paleoproterozoic Changcheng Group in the Yanshan Range, North China".
1319:
and geochronological dating mechanisms have allowed the deciphering of
Precambrian Supereon tectonics. It is known that tectonic processes of the Proterozoic Eon resemble greatly the evidence of tectonic activity, such as
3315:
Bengtson, Stefan; Rasmussen, Birger; Ivarsson, Magnus; Muhling, Janet; Broman, Curt; Marone, Federica; et al. (24 April 2017). "Fungus-like mycelial fossils in 2.4 billion-year-old vesicular basalt".
3539:
2399:
The
Proterozoic can be roughly divided into seven biostratigraphic zones which correspond to informal time periods. The first was the Labradorian, lasting from 2.0–1.65
1222:
ranging up to a few billion years in age. It is believed that 43% of modern continental crust was formed in the
Proterozoic, 39% formed in the Archean, and only 18% in the
1315:
Evidence of collision and rifting between continents raises the question as to what exactly were the movements of the Archean cratons composing Proterozoic continents.
1356:(~500 Ma). The defining orogenic event associated with the formation of Gondwana was the collision of Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia forming the
2702:
1379:
2837:
Och, Lawrence M.; Shields-Zhou, Graham A. (January 2012). "The Neoproterozoic oxygenation event: Environmental perturbations and biogeochemical cycling".
2929:
Fan, Haifeng; Zhu, Xiangkun; Wen, Hanjie; Yan, Bin; Li, Jin; Feng, Lianjun (September 2014). "Oxygenation of Ediacaran Ocean recorded by iron isotopes".
3532:
1340:(~1000–750 Ma). It consisted of a series of continents attached to a central craton that forms the core of the North American Continent called
599:
1129:, are one mark of that mineral sink process. Their accumulation ceased after 1.9 billion years ago, after the iron in the oceans had all been
1409:
1253:
2674:
2718:
2779:
1236:
3525:
2591:
3232:"Earth's surface oxygenation and the rise of eukaryotic life: Relationships to the Lomagundi positive carbon isotope excursion revisited"
3446:
Xiao, Shuhai; Laflamme, Marc (January 2009). "On the eve of animal radiation: phylogeny, ecology and evolution of the Ediacara biota".
4198:
1286:
1170:, occurred during the Middle and Late Neoproterozoic and drove the rapid evolution of multicellular life towards the end of the era.
3179:
1301:
846:
3448:
3230:
Fakhraee, Mojtaba; Tarhan, Lidya G.; Reinhard, Christopher T.; Crowe, Sean A.; Lyons, Timothy W.; Planavsky, Noah J. (May 2023).
2116:
1167:
1100:
3494:
2796:
745:
2176:
1974:
1185:. Evidence for this increased subduction activity comes from the abundance of old granites originating mostly after 2.6
2445:
By the late Palaeoproterozoic, eukaryotic organisms had become moderately biodiverse. The blossoming of eukaryotes such as
3318:
1121:
had been exhausted. Until roughly 2.3 billion years ago, oxygen was probably only 1% to 2% of its current level. The
3379:
Yang, Zhiping; Ma, Xiaoya; Wang, Qiuping; Tian, Xiaolin; Sun, Jingyan; Zhang, Zhenhua; et al. (11 September 2023).
2034:
1367:
only a few independent cratons scattered around the Earth (not necessarily a supercontinent, like Rodinia or Columbia).
3548:
3129:
2534:
1650:
1402:
588:
1211:
due to subduction, the cores of the first continents grew large enough to withstand the crustal recycling processes.
3381:"Phylotranscriptomics unveil a Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic origin and deep relationships of the Viridiplantae"
2453:
reached their greatest abundance and diversity during the Proterozoic, peaking roughly 1.2 billion years ago.
1181:
The late Archean Eon to Early Proterozoic Eon corresponds to a period of increasing crustal recycling, suggesting
1113:
as far back as the Archean Eon, it could not build up to any significant degree until mineral sinks of unoxidized
697:
2723:
2596:
2277:
1994:
1363:
1349:
1259:
1055:
than Archean rocks, and many are unaltered. Studies of these rocks have shown that the eon continued the massive
1954:
1618:
1271:
3821:
3816:
1344:. An example of an orogeny (mountain building processes) associated with the construction of Rodinia is the
1155:
1096:
2613:
2388:
2014:
1682:
1395:
996:
3176:
The Mozambique Belt, Eastern Africa: Tectonic evolution of the Mozambique Ocean and Gondwana amalgamation
1059:
accretion that had begun late in the Archean Eon. The Proterozoic Eon also featured the first definitive
3385:
2363:
2075:
1122:
948:
89:
913:
4193:
3457:
3394:
3327:
3289:
3243:
3204:
3195:
3138:
3089:
3053:
3001:
2938:
2885:
2846:
2811:
1634:
1144:
1060:
1048:
3193:
Sergeev, V.N. (September 2009). "The distribution of microfossil assemblages in Proterozoic rocks".
2601:
4152:
2797:"The case for a Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event: Geochemical evidence and biological consequences"
2729:
2136:
2095:
1357:
1020:
964:
874:
623:
544:
93:
1162:– to reflect the mass extinction of almost all life on Earth, which at the time was virtually all
3361:
3261:
3156:
3105:
2911:
2509:
2411:
2257:
2156:
2054:
1159:
1106:
921:
4169:
2667:
863:
3950:
3914:
3473:
3428:
3410:
3353:
2903:
2775:
1345:
1219:
1186:
1163:
988:
672:
4044:
3919:
3888:
3685:
3465:
3418:
3402:
3343:
3335:
3297:
3251:
3212:
3146:
3097:
3061:
3009:
2946:
2893:
2854:
2819:
2571:
2513:
2491:
2465:
1197:
1148:
1052:
897:
751:
311:
2697:
2516:. Nonetheless, the upper boundary of the Proterozoic has remained fixed at the base of the
2483:
evolved sometime in the Palaeoproterozoic or Mesoproterozoic, according to molecular data.
4013:
3909:
3847:
3742:
3711:
3680:
2632:
2576:
2559:
2237:
1738:
1043:
Eon. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many
1028:
1016:
901:
354:
113:
2627:
1348:
located in Eastern North America. Rodinia formed after the breakup of the supercontinent
3461:
3423:
3398:
3380:
3331:
3293:
3247:
3208:
3142:
3093:
3057:
3005:
2942:
2889:
2850:
2815:
1154:
The first surge in atmospheric oxygen at the beginning of the Proterozoic is called the
1039:
The geologic record of the Proterozoic Eon is more complete than that for the preceding
4163:
3982:
3852:
3747:
3716:
3125:"The Archean-Proterozoic boundary: 500 my of tectonic transition in Earth history"
3044:
Condie, K. (2000). "Episodic continental growth models: Afterthoughts and extensions".
2652:
2529:
1316:
1110:
1076:
976:
929:
905:
393:
105:
3065:
4187:
3883:
3873:
3842:
3805:
3737:
3706:
3502:
3265:
3160:
3109:
2499:
2480:
2450:
2419:
2318:
1321:
1208:
956:
893:
859:
3365:
3301:
3256:
3231:
3216:
2915:
2858:
4174:
4158:
4105:
3955:
3878:
2504:
2427:
2196:
1934:
1330:
917:
687:
683:
668:
83:
1178:
The Proterozoic Eon was a very tectonically active period in the Earth's history.
4100:
3945:
3790:
3585:
2647:
2539:
2487:
2473:
2431:
1880:
1223:
886:
882:
289:
49:
3469:
3406:
3101:
2872:
Canfield, Donald Eugene; Poulton, Simon W.; Narbonne, Guy M. (5 January 2007).
17:
4095:
4055:
3998:
3898:
3795:
3669:
3569:
3517:
3348:
2950:
2407:
2400:
2216:
1182:
1109:
in the Earth's atmosphere. Though oxygen is believed to have been released by
1012:
980:
960:
952:
493:
458:
300:
109:
97:
3510:
3414:
712:
699:
4110:
4060:
4034:
3993:
3940:
3785:
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3642:
3632:
3621:
3339:
2898:
2873:
2495:
2446:
2423:
1726:
1666:
1341:
1325:
1056:
1008:
992:
984:
500:
465:
451:
429:
101:
3477:
3432:
3357:
2907:
4070:
4065:
4029:
3929:
3862:
3831:
3726:
3695:
3656:
3606:
3580:
3556:
3014:
2989:
2517:
2298:
1747:
1729:
1353:
1307:
1292:
1193:
1140:
1130:
1126:
1084:
1080:
972:
968:
633:
472:
444:
437:
2874:"Late-Neoproterozoic deep-ocean oxygenation and the rise of animal life"
2823:
4084:
4024:
3774:
3611:
3595:
3151:
3124:
2469:
2439:
2415:
1814:
1781:
1337:
1336:
In the late Proterozoic (most recent), the dominant supercontinent was
1277:
1136:
1068:
1044:
1040:
878:
479:
246:
63:
4120:
4003:
3637:
2461:
2457:
1791:
1763:
1215:
1205:
1114:
1024:
1000:
909:
691:
551:
486:
70:
2435:
2343:
1698:
1004:
4144:
4140:
4136:
1772:
1118:
43:
3521:
1166:. A second, later surge in oxygen concentrations is called the
2380:
2339:
1374:
1263:
870:
811:
769:
127:
939:
933:
1105:
One of the most important events of the Proterozoic was the
2449:
did not preclude the expansion of cyanobacteria – in fact,
1235:
harvp error: no target: CITEREFRinoKomiyaWindleyet_al2004 (
1151:
that would have otherwise been oxidized by the atmosphere.
838:
826:
814:
781:
772:
763:
2486:
Classically, the boundary between the Proterozoic and the
2468:
Era, some 2.4 billion years ago; these multicellular
802:
784:
2414:. This may have been due to an increase in the oxidized
855:-ik, PROT-, -ər-oh-, -trə-, -troh-
3033:. Earth System: History and variablility. Vol. 2.
2977:. Global Tectonics (Third ed.). pp. 361–377.
1231:
975:
periods of the Paleoproterozoic) and the hypothesized
847:
793:
787:
778:
754:
2728:. Oxford University Press. June 2021. Archived from
2592:"Proterozoic – definition of Proterozoic in English"
2422:. It was also during the Proterozoic that the first
1201:
subduction as was occurring in the Proterozoic Eon.
835:
832:
823:
820:
805:
799:
796:
766:
760:
757:
4119:
4083:
4043:
4012:
3981:
3968:
3928:
3897:
3861:
3830:
3804:
3773:
3760:
3725:
3694:
3668:
3655:
3620:
3594:
3568:
3555:
775:
728:
679:
663:
655:
647:
639:
629:
619:
614:
606:
594:
584:
579:
571:
566:
520:
An approximate timescale of key Proterozoic events.
120:
34:
2975:Precambrian Tectonics and the Supercontinent Cycle
2795:Shields-Zhou, Graham; Och, Lawrence (March 2011).
1352:and prior to the assemblage of the supercontinent
88:From left to right: Four main Proterozoic events:
1295:, 545 Mya (disputed), centered on South Pole
963:, which produced the 300 million years-long
908:. It covers the time from the appearance of free
2472:organisms had filamentous structures capable of
2703:University of California Museum of Paleontology
866:, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8
2990:"An updated digital model of plate boundaries"
2520:, which is currently placed at 538.8 Ma.
951:during the Paleoproterozoic; the evolution of
3533:
2494:when the first fossils of animals, including
1403:
8:
3082:Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
1051:; furthermore, many of those rocks are less
983:period in the late Neoproterozoic); and the
947:Well-identified events of this eon were the
3978:
3770:
3665:
3565:
3540:
3526:
3518:
2973:Kearey, P.; Klepeis, K.; Vine, F. (2008).
2774:. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company.
1410:
1396:
1214:The long-term tectonic stability of those
3422:
3347:
3255:
3150:
3013:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2897:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2575:
2490:eons was set at the base of the Cambrian
1047:that were laid down in extensive shallow
892:The Proterozoic is subdivided into three
2406:The emergence of advanced single-celled
27:Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
2550:
1249:
536:
2675:International Stratigraphic Commission
1227:
949:transition to an oxygenated atmosphere
31:
2430:(found in nearly all eukaryotes) and
885:, and is the most recent part of the
7:
2994:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
2352:
2328:
2307:
2287:
2266:
2246:
2226:
2205:
2185:
2165:
2145:
2125:
2105:
2084:
2064:
2043:
2023:
2003:
1983:
1963:
1943:
1923:
1310:420 Mya, centered on South Pole
1125:, which provide most of the world's
916:to just before the proliferation of
4139:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
3123:Condie, K. C.; O'Neill, C. (2011).
2418:that eukaryotes use, as opposed to
4143:= megaannum (millions years ago);
522:Axis scale: millions of years ago.
25:
4147:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
3449:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
3180:The Geological Society of America
1023:) and provides the first obvious
991:), which is characterized by the
873:, the longest eon of the Earth's
4168:
4157:
1300:
1285:
1270:
1252:
1168:Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event
1101:Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event
750:
82:
3302:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.11.019
3257:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104398
3217:10.1016/j.precamres.2009.04.002
2931:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
2859:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.09.004
2577:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005
2460:possessing features typical of
2442:only) and their hosts evolved.
1246:Supercontinent tectonic history
938:meaning "former, earlier", and
896:(from oldest to youngest): the
3319:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2633:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1242:magnitude after every period.
1:
3586:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
3066:10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00061-5
2502:, as well as the animal-like
2560:"New Precambrian time scale"
2558:Plumb, K. A. (1 June 1991).
1204:As a result of remelting of
1067:mountain building activity (
940:
934:
3549:Geological history of Earth
3513:. chronostratigraphy scale.
3130:American Journal of Science
2770:Stanley, Steven M. (1999).
2535:Timeline of natural history
2137:Earliest multicellular life
1019:(some of which had evolved
858:) is the third of the four
546:Smithsonian National Museum
4215:
3822:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
3817:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
3581:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
3470:10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.015
3407:10.1038/s41467-023-41137-5
3102:10.1016/j.pepi.2003.09.024
2719:"Proterozoic, adj. and n."
1094:
1091:The accumulation of oxygen
4199:Precambrian geochronology
4134:
4106:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
3956:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
2951:10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.029
2653:Dictionary.com Unabridged
2597:Oxford English Dictionary
2376:
1388:
1377:
664:Upper boundary definition
648:Lower boundary definition
518:
125:
81:
39:
4101:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
3946:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
3791:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
3643:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
3633:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
2668:Stratigraphic Chart 2022
2512:in what is known as the
1563:−1000 —
1543:−1500 —
1523:−2000 —
1503:−2500 —
1483:−3000 —
1463:−3500 —
1443:−4000 —
1423:−4500 —
995:of abundant soft-bodied
920:on the Earth during the
877:. It is preceded by the
651:Defined Chronometrically
213:−1000 —
203:−1200 —
193:−1400 —
183:−1600 —
173:−1800 —
163:−2000 —
153:−2200 —
143:−2400 —
133:−2600 —
4096:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
4061:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
4056:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
3999:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
3889:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
3796:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
3607:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
3340:10.1038/s41559-017-0141
2899:10.1126/science.1135013
1583:−500 —
1156:Great Oxygenation Event
1139:, which are colored by
1097:Great Oxygenation Event
997:multicellular organisms
987:period (635–538.8
233:−600 —
223:−800 —
4066:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
4035:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
3994:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
3941:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
3786:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
3612:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
2614:OxfordDictionaries.com
2426:relationships between
1123:banded iron formations
1107:accumulation of oxygen
1035:The Proterozoic record
928:combines two words of
4071:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
4030:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
3951:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
3638:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
3386:Nature Communications
3236:Earth-Science Reviews
2839:Earth-Science Reviews
2698:"The Proterozoic eon"
1158:, or alternately the
1061:supercontinent cycles
944:, meaning "of life".
90:Great Oxidation Event
4111:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
4004:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
3884:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
3874:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
3282:Precambrian Research
3196:Precambrian Research
3015:10.1029/2001GC000252
2772:Earth System History
1280:, about 900 Mya
1174:Subduction processes
1147:, which sequestered
1145:carbon sequestration
881:and followed by the
684:Fortune Head section
42:2500 – 538.8 ± 0.2
4166: •
4155: •
4153:Geologic time scale
3915:Middle (458–470 Ma)
3879:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
3848:Middle (383–393 Ma)
3743:Middle (237–247 Ma)
3712:Middle (164–174 Ma)
3462:2009TEcoE..24...31X
3399:2023NatCo..14.5542Y
3332:2017NatEE...1..141B
3294:2019PreR..321..172M
3248:2023ESRv..24004398F
3209:2009PreR..173..212S
3174:Huntly, C. (2002).
3143:2010AmJS..310..775C
3094:2004PEPI..146..369R
3058:2000Tectp.322..153C
3031:Proterozoic History
3029:Mengel, F. (1998).
3006:2003GGG.....4.1027B
2943:2014GeCoA.140...80F
2890:2007Sci...315...92C
2851:2012ESRv..110...26O
2824:10.1130/GSATG102A.1
2816:2011GSAT...21c...4S
2705:(ucmp.berkeley.edu)
2117:Sexual reproduction
2096:Huronian glaciation
1358:Pan-African orogeny
1262:, about 1,590
1049:epicontinental seas
1021:sexual reproduction
965:Huronian glaciation
875:geologic time scale
729:Upper GSSP ratified
713:47.0762°N 55.8310°W
709: /
680:Upper boundary GSSP
656:Lower GSSA ratified
640:Time span formality
94:Huronian glaciation
4164:Geology portal
4025:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
3920:Early (470–485 Ma)
3853:Early (393–419 Ma)
3748:Early (247–252 Ma)
3717:Early (174–201 Ma)
3686:Early (100–145 Ma)
3681:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
3349:20.500.11937/67718
3152:10.2475/09.2010.01
2636:. Merriam-Webster.
2510:Cambrian Explosion
2412:Oxygen Catastrophe
2364:Quaternary ice age
2299:Earliest tetrapods
2258:Cambrian explosion
2217:Cryogenian ice age
2076:Atmospheric oxygen
2055:Pongola glaciation
1683:Multicellular life
1635:Single-celled life
1232:Rino et al. (2004)
1192:The occurrence of
1164:obligate anaerobic
1160:Oxygen Catastrophe
922:Cambrian Explosion
914:Earth's atmosphere
667:Appearance of the
630:Stratigraphic unit
620:Chronological unit
607:Time scale(s) used
4181:
4180:
4079:
4078:
4045:Paleoproterozoic
3964:
3963:
3910:Late (444–458 Ma)
3843:Late (359–383 Ma)
3756:
3755:
3738:Late (201–237 Ma)
3707:Late (145–164 Ma)
3651:
3650:
3572:(present–2.58 Ma)
3560:(present–66.0 Ma)
3495:"Proterozoic eon"
2988:Bird, P. (2003).
2781:978-0-7167-2882-5
2397:
2396:
2381:million years ago
2372:
2371:
2351:
2350:
2327:
2326:
2306:
2305:
2286:
2285:
2278:Andean glaciation
2265:
2264:
2245:
2244:
2225:
2224:
2204:
2203:
2184:
2183:
2164:
2163:
2144:
2143:
2124:
2123:
2104:
2103:
2083:
2082:
2063:
2062:
2042:
2041:
2022:
2021:
2002:
2001:
1982:
1981:
1962:
1961:
1942:
1941:
1346:Grenville orogeny
1220:continental crust
1149:organic compounds
959:; several global
736:
735:
718:47.0762; -55.8310
673:Treptichnus pedum
580:Usage information
528:
527:
16:(Redirected from
4206:
4175:World portal
4173:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4124:
4088:
4048:
4017:
4014:Mesoproterozoic
3986:
3979:
3974:
3933:
3902:
3866:
3835:
3809:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3730:
3699:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3625:
3599:
3573:
3566:
3561:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3501:. Archived from
3482:
3481:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3351:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3259:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3203:(1–4): 212–222.
3190:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3088:(1–2): 369–394.
3076:
3070:
3069:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2955:
2954:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2901:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2801:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2767:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2672:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2600:. Archived from
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2555:
2514:Avalon Explosion
2466:Paleoproterozoic
2410:began after the
2358:
2353:
2334:
2329:
2313:
2308:
2293:
2288:
2272:
2267:
2252:
2247:
2232:
2227:
2211:
2206:
2197:Earliest animals
2191:
2186:
2171:
2166:
2151:
2146:
2131:
2126:
2111:
2106:
2090:
2085:
2070:
2065:
2049:
2044:
2029:
2024:
2009:
2004:
1995:Earliest fossils
1989:
1984:
1969:
1964:
1949:
1944:
1929:
1924:
1903:
1872:
1834:
1832:
1806:
1804:
1711:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1382:
1375:
1304:
1289:
1274:
1256:
1240:
1198:metamorphic rock
1066:
1015:and the sessile
943:
937:
898:Paleoproterozoic
869:
854:
850:
845:
844:
841:
840:
837:
834:
829:
828:
825:
822:
817:
816:
813:
808:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
749:
724:
723:
721:
720:
719:
714:
710:
707:
706:
705:
702:
557:
556:
541:
423:
386:
347:
304:
293:
282:
249:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
128:
86:
77:
73:
66:
59:
52:
46:
32:
21:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4156:
4148:
4130:
4122:
4115:
4086:
4075:
4046:
4039:
4015:
4008:
3984:
3983:Neoproterozoic
3973:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
3972:
3971:
3970:Proterozoic Eon
3960:
3931:
3924:
3900:
3893:
3864:
3857:
3833:
3826:
3807:
3800:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3728:
3721:
3697:
3690:
3671:
3659:
3658:
3647:
3623:
3616:
3597:
3590:
3571:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3546:
3509:
3505:on 2 July 2007.
3493:
3490:
3485:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3027:
3023:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2971:
2958:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2884:(5808): 92–95.
2871:
2870:
2866:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2769:
2768:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2732:on 25 June 2021
2717:
2716:
2712:
2707:. Berkeley, CA.
2695:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2677:. February 2022
2670:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2607:
2605:
2604:on 24 July 2012
2590:
2589:
2585:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2526:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2238:Ediacaran biota
2230:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2177:Earliest plants
2169:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2035:Earliest oxygen
2027:
2018:
2017:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1927:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1234:
1218:is why we find
1176:
1103:
1095:Main articles:
1093:
1064:
1037:
1017:Ediacaran biota
902:Mesoproterozoic
867:
864:Earth's history
852:
848:
831:
819:
810:
792:
753:
744:
743:
717:
715:
711:
708:
703:
700:
698:
696:
695:
694:
562:
561:
560:
543:
542:
538:
533:
524:
523:
521:
514:
513:
509:
508:
504:
503:
497:
496:
490:
489:
483:
482:
476:
475:
469:
468:
462:
461:
455:
454:
448:
447:
441:
440:
434:
433:
425:
424:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
391:
388:
387:
382:
380:
378:
376:
374:
372:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
352:
349:
348:
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
315:
313:
309:
306:
305:
298:
295:
294:
287:
284:
283:
278:
276:
274:
272:
270:
268:
266:
264:
262:
260:
256:
253:
252:
247:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
116:
114:Ediacaran biota
92:and subsequent
76:
75:
71:
68:
64:
61:
57:
54:
50:
41:
40:
28:
23:
22:
18:Proterozoic eon
15:
12:
11:
5:
4212:
4210:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4052:
4050:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3976:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3806:Carboniferous
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3768:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3663:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3624:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3598:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3507:
3489:
3488:External links
3486:
3484:
3483:
3438:
3371:
3307:
3271:
3222:
3185:
3166:
3137:(9): 775–790.
3115:
3071:
3052:(1): 153–162.
3046:Tectonophysics
3036:
3021:
2980:
2956:
2921:
2864:
2845:(1–4): 26–57.
2829:
2787:
2780:
2743:
2710:
2696:Speer, Brian.
2688:
2659:
2656:(Online). n.d.
2639:
2619:
2583:
2570:(2): 139–140.
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2530:Boring Billion
2525:
2522:
2500:archeocyathids
2395:
2394:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2157:Earliest fungi
2155:
2154:
2152:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2020:
2019:
2015:LHB meteorites
2013:
2012:
2010:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1955:Earliest water
1953:
1952:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1651:Photosynthesis
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1603:0 —
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1322:orogenic belts
1313:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1175:
1172:
1111:photosynthesis
1092:
1089:
1077:Snowball Earth
1036:
1033:
977:Snowball Earth
906:Neoproterozoic
734:
733:
730:
726:
725:
681:
677:
676:
665:
661:
660:
657:
653:
652:
649:
645:
644:
641:
637:
636:
631:
627:
626:
621:
617:
616:
612:
611:
610:ICS Time Scale
608:
604:
603:
596:
595:Regional usage
592:
591:
586:
585:Celestial body
582:
581:
577:
576:
573:
572:Name formality
569:
568:
564:
563:
559:
558:
555:(photo album).
535:
534:
532:
529:
526:
525:
519:
516:
515:
511:
510:
506:
505:
499:
498:
492:
491:
485:
484:
478:
477:
471:
470:
464:
463:
457:
456:
450:
449:
443:
442:
436:
435:
427:
426:
390:
389:
351:
350:
308:
307:
297:
296:
286:
285:
255:
254:
244:
243:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
123:
122:
118:
117:
106:Snowball Earth
87:
79:
78:
69:
62:
55:
48:
47:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4211:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4082:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
3980:
3977:
3975:
3967:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3762:Paleozoic Era
3759:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:(66.0–145 Ma)
3667:
3664:
3662:
3660:(66.0–252 Ma)
3654:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3512:
3511:"Proterozoic"
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3311:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2676:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2648:"Proterozoic"
2643:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2628:"Proterozoic"
2623:
2620:
2615:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2481:Viridiplantae
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2456:The earliest
2454:
2452:
2451:stromatolites
2448:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2420:cyanobacteria
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2375:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2345:
2341:
2340:Earliest apes
2336:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2319:Karoo ice age
2315:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1902:
1871:
1833:
1805:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1728:
1712:
1684:
1668:
1652:
1636:
1620:
1607:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1381:Life timeline
1376:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1317:Paleomagnetic
1309:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1228:Condie (2000)
1226:. Studies by
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1209:oceanic crust
1207:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1087:glaciations.
1086:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1065:wholly modern
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:metamorphosed
1050:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1029:life on Earth
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:symbiogenesis
954:
950:
945:
942:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:geologic eras
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
861:
860:geologic eons
857:
856:
843:
747:
741:
731:
727:
722:
693:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
635:
632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
587:
583:
578:
574:
570:
565:
554:
553:
548:
547:
540:
537:
530:
517:
502:
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
453:
446:
439:
432:
431:
422:
421:
385:
384:
346:
345:
303:
302:
292:
291:
281:
280:
251:
250:
242:
130:
129:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
85:
80:
74:
67:
60:
53:
45:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4149:
4085:Archean Eon
4047:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
3969:
3932:(485–539 Ma)
3901:(444–485 Ma)
3865:(419–444 Ma)
3834:(359–419 Ma)
3808:(299–359 Ma)
3777:(252–299 Ma)
3765:(252–539 Ma)
3729:(201–252 Ma)
3698:(145–201 Ma)
3657:Mesozoic Era
3557:Cenozoic Era
3503:the original
3498:
3456:(1): 31–40.
3453:
3447:
3441:
3390:
3384:
3374:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3175:
3169:
3134:
3128:
3118:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3030:
3024:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2974:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2807:
2803:
2790:
2771:
2734:. Retrieved
2730:the original
2722:
2713:
2701:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2662:
2651:
2642:
2631:
2622:
2612:– via
2606:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2595:
2586:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2505:Caveasphaera
2503:
2485:
2478:
2464:date to the
2455:
2444:
2432:chloroplasts
2428:mitochondria
2405:
2398:
2387:
1935:Earth formed
1842:
1362:
1335:
1331:Wilson cycle
1314:
1213:
1203:
1191:
1180:
1177:
1153:
1135:
1104:
1073:
1038:
1027:evidence of
979:(during the
967:(during the
946:
925:
918:complex life
891:
889:"supereon".
739:
737:
688:Newfoundland
671:
550:
545:
539:
428:
392:
353:
310:
299:
288:
258:
257:
245:
56:
29:
4194:Proterozoic
4121:Hadean Eon
3899:Ordovician
3670:Cretaceous
3570:Quaternary
3499:Palaeos.com
3393:(1): 5542.
3288:: 172–198.
3000:(3): 1027.
2810:(3): 4–11.
2540:Volyn biota
2488:Phanerozoic
2474:anastomosis
1391:This box:
1224:Phanerozoic
1196:(a type of
1057:continental
1013:bilaterians
961:glaciations
926:Proterozoic
924:. The name
887:Precambrian
883:Phanerozoic
740:Proterozoic
716: /
669:Ichnofossil
58:Proterozoic
35:Proterozoic
4188:Categories
4123:(4–4.6 Ga)
4087:(2.5–4 Ga)
4016:(1–1.6 Ga)
3622:Paleogene
3326:(6): 141.
3242:: 104398.
2673:(Report).
2608:20 January
2546:References
2496:trilobites
2447:acritarchs
2434:(found in
2408:eukaryotes
1727:Arthropods
1667:Eukaryotes
1183:subduction
1009:cnidarians
981:Cryogenian
953:eukaryotes
704:55°49′52″W
701:47°04′34″N
615:Definition
531:References
494:Cryogenian
459:Statherian
301:Neoarchean
121:Chronology
110:Cryogenian
98:eukaryotes
4150:See also:
3930:Cambrian
3863:Silurian
3832:Devonian
3727:Triassic
3696:Jurassic
3415:2041-1723
3266:257761993
3161:128469935
3110:140166194
2937:: 80–94.
2804:GSA Today
2438:and some
2424:symbiotic
1748:Dinosaurs
1342:Laurentia
1326:ophiolite
993:evolution
985:Ediacaran
567:Etymology
501:Ediacaran
466:Calymmian
452:Orosirian
430:Paleozoic
102:red algae
3775:Permian
3596:Neogene
3478:18952316
3433:37696791
3424:10495350
3366:25586788
3358:28812648
2916:24761414
2908:17158290
2681:22 April
2564:Episodes
2524:See also
2518:Cambrian
2440:protists
2416:nitrates
2389:Ice Ages
1782:Primates
1730:Molluscs
1364:Columbia
1354:Gondwana
1350:Columbia
1308:Gondwana
1293:Pannotia
1260:Columbia
1206:basaltic
1194:eclogite
1141:hematite
1137:Red beds
1131:oxidized
1127:iron ore
1085:Marinoan
1081:Sturtian
999:such as
973:Rhyacian
969:Siderian
935:protero-
932:origin:
634:Eonothem
598:Global (
473:Ectasian
445:Rhyacian
438:Siderian
112:period;
96:; First
3458:Bibcode
3395:Bibcode
3328:Bibcode
3290:Bibcode
3244:Bibcode
3205:Bibcode
3139:Bibcode
3090:Bibcode
3054:Bibcode
3002:Bibcode
2939:Bibcode
2886:Bibcode
2878:Science
2847:Bibcode
2812:Bibcode
2736:25 June
2470:benthic
2458:fossils
2357:←
2333:←
2312:←
2292:←
2271:←
2251:←
2231:←
2210:←
2190:←
2170:←
2150:←
2130:←
2110:←
2089:←
2069:←
2048:←
2028:←
2008:←
1988:←
1968:←
1948:←
1928:←
1764:Mammals
1739:Flowers
1598:–
1593:—
1588:–
1578:–
1573:—
1568:–
1558:–
1553:—
1548:–
1538:–
1533:—
1528:–
1518:–
1513:—
1508:–
1498:–
1493:—
1488:–
1478:–
1473:—
1468:–
1458:–
1453:—
1448:–
1438:–
1433:—
1428:–
1338:Rodinia
1278:Rodinia
1216:cratons
1079:of the
1069:orogeny
1041:Archean
1001:sponges
879:Archean
851:-tər-ə-
480:Stenian
238:–
228:–
218:–
208:–
198:–
188:–
178:–
168:–
158:–
148:–
138:–
100:, like
65:Archean
4129:
3476:
3431:
3421:
3413:
3364:
3356:
3264:
3159:
3108:
2914:
2906:
2778:
2726:Online
2492:Period
2436:plants
2344:humans
1917:
1910:
1756:
1719:
1691:
1675:
1659:
1643:
1627:
1611:
1115:sulfur
1045:strata
1025:fossil
910:oxygen
868:
692:Canada
643:Formal
575:Formal
552:flickr
512:
507:
487:Tonian
3362:S2CID
3262:S2CID
3157:S2CID
3106:S2CID
2912:S2CID
2800:(PDF)
2671:(PDF)
2462:fungi
1773:Birds
1619:Water
1005:algae
941:-zoic
930:Greek
589:Earth
3474:PMID
3429:PMID
3411:ISSN
3354:PMID
2904:PMID
2776:ISBN
2738:2021
2683:2022
2610:2016
2498:and
2479:The
1975:LUCA
1411:edit
1404:talk
1397:view
1371:Life
1237:help
1230:and
1119:iron
1117:and
1099:and
1083:and
1063:and
971:and
955:via
904:and
849:PROH
738:The
732:1992
659:1991
72:Had.
51:Pha.
3466:doi
3419:PMC
3403:doi
3344:hdl
3336:doi
3298:doi
3286:321
3252:doi
3240:240
3213:doi
3201:173
3147:doi
3135:310
3098:doi
3086:146
3062:doi
3050:322
3010:doi
2947:doi
2935:140
2894:doi
2882:315
2855:doi
2843:110
2820:doi
2724:OED
2572:doi
1333:).
1324:or
1264:Mya
1071:).
912:in
871:Mya
862:of
853:ZOH
830:-,-
818:-,-
809:-,-
746:IPA
624:Eon
600:ICS
108:in
4190::
4145:Ga
4141:Ma
4137:ka
3497:.
3472:.
3464:.
3454:24
3452:.
3427:.
3417:.
3409:.
3401:.
3391:14
3389:.
3383:.
3360:.
3352:.
3342:.
3334:.
3322:.
3296:.
3284:.
3260:.
3250:.
3238:.
3234:.
3211:.
3199:.
3178:.
3155:.
3145:.
3133:.
3127:.
3104:.
3096:.
3084:.
3060:.
3048:.
3008:.
2996:.
2992:.
2959:^
2945:.
2933:.
2910:.
2902:.
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