366:
317:
137:
329:
116:
445:"Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition"
476:"The Extinct Mammalian Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska: Including an Account of Some Allied Forms from Other Localities, Together with a Synopsis of the Mammalian Remains of North America"
1140:
603:
347:, where the hind feet instead of the head of the foal emerges first. As the foal did not fully emerge, infection may have ensued, killing the mother. From
1204:
1127:
1219:
365:
1199:
1224:
596:
497:
MacFadden, Bruce J.; Dobie, James L. (1998). "Late
Miocene Three-Toed Horse Protohippus (Mammalia, Equidae) from Southern Alabama".
589:
136:
581:
561:(Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Miocene (Barstovian-Early Hemphillian) of the Gulf Coastal Plain"
284:. It was roughly the size of a modern donkey. Fossil evidence suggests that it lived during the Late Miocene (
1194:
1095:
552:
1209:
1166:
995:
1214:
506:
1002:
961:
760:
718:
697:
530:
522:
456:
131:
1171:
690:
316:
1153:
1145:
1018:
947:
659:
304:
1158:
912:
732:
514:
1229:
988:
510:
328:
954:
905:
898:
771:
653:
188:
1188:
1055:
787:
739:
534:
348:
73:
1012:
940:
926:
889:
871:
808:
780:
344:
285:
244:
30:
1041:
968:
878:
794:
711:
475:
444:
289:
48:
34:
1118:
115:
1069:
1048:
843:
836:
822:
815:
801:
753:
725:
704:
518:
422:
93:
58:
1062:
933:
919:
829:
746:
683:
148:
98:
42:
1112:
676:
647:
635:
415:
352:
168:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1132:
854:
613:
526:
460:
208:
198:
103:
78:
302:
skull and teeth suggests that it is most closely related to the genus
1035:
979:
641:
629:
218:
178:
158:
1089:
364:
281:
277:
356:
1093:
585:
449:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
480:
Journal of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
568:
Bulletin of the
Florida State Museum Biological Sciences
1102:
978:
888:
853:
770:
668:
546:
544:
597:
8:
1090:
863:
859:
604:
590:
582:
114:
20:
435:
7:
14:
292:), from about 13.6 Ma to 5.3 Ma.
1205:Miocene mammals of North America
551:Hulbert, Richard C. Jr. (1988).
327:
315:
135:
1:
1220:Fossil taxa described in 1858
1200:Prehistoric placental genera
1246:
1225:Taxa named by Joseph Leidy
343:. This animal died from a
866:
862:
624:
519:10.1017/S0022336000024082
276:is an extinct three-toed
250:
243:
132:Scientific classification
130:
122:
113:
23:
16:Extinct genus of mammals
619:, arranged by subfamily
499:Journal of Paleontology
474:Leidy, Joseph (1869).
443:Leidy, Joseph (1858).
373:
1167:Paleobiology Database
368:
511:1998JPal...72..149M
612:Extinct genera of
374:
1182:
1181:
1154:Open Tree of Life
1096:Taxon identifiers
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
948:Proboscidipparion
618:
269:
268:
239:
124:Protohippus simus
1237:
1175:
1174:
1162:
1161:
1149:
1148:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1091:
996:Heteropliohippus
913:Eurygnathohippus
864:
860:
733:Propalaeotherium
616:
606:
599:
592:
583:
576:
575:
565:
548:
539:
538:
494:
488:
487:
471:
465:
464:
440:
331:
319:
300:
237:
230:
140:
139:
118:
108:
45:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1098:
1088:
1075:
989:Haringtonhippus
974:
884:
849:
766:
664:
620:
610:
580:
579:
563:
550:
549:
542:
496:
495:
491:
486:: 275β279, 401.
473:
472:
468:
442:
441:
437:
432:
411:
379:
363:
362:
361:
360:
337:
336:
335:
332:
324:
323:
320:
298:
265:
262:
236:
228:
134:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
37:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:Miocene horses
1187:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1163:
1150:
1137:
1124:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1007:
1006:
1003:Parapliohippus
999:
992:
984:
982:
976:
975:
973:
972:
965:
958:
955:Pseudhipparion
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
906:Cormohipparion
902:
899:Cremohipparion
894:
892:
886:
885:
883:
882:
875:
867:
857:
851:
850:
848:
847:
840:
833:
826:
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
776:
774:
772:Anchitheriinae
768:
767:
765:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
672:
670:
666:
665:
663:
662:
660:Perissodactyla
656:
654:Laurasiatheria
650:
644:
638:
632:
625:
622:
621:
617:(Horse family)
611:
609:
608:
601:
594:
586:
578:
577:
540:
505:(1): 149β152.
489:
466:
434:
433:
431:
428:
427:
426:
419:
410:
407:
406:
405:
400:
390:
385:
378:
375:
339:
338:
333:
326:
325:
321:
314:
313:
312:
311:
310:
267:
266:
263:
248:
247:
241:
240:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
189:Perissodactyla
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
41:13.6β5.3
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
990:
986:
985:
983:
981:
977:
971:
970:
966:
964:
963:
959:
957:
956:
952:
950:
949:
945:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:
931:
929:
928:
924:
922:
921:
917:
915:
914:
910:
908:
907:
903:
901:
900:
896:
895:
893:
891:
887:
881:
880:
876:
874:
873:
869:
868:
865:
861:
858:
856:
852:
846:
845:
841:
839:
838:
834:
832:
831:
827:
825:
824:
820:
818:
817:
813:
811:
810:
806:
804:
803:
799:
797:
796:
792:
790:
789:
788:Archaeohippus
785:
783:
782:
778:
777:
775:
773:
769:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
741:
740:Protorohippus
737:
735:
734:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
709:
707:
706:
702:
700:
699:
695:
693:
692:
688:
686:
685:
681:
679:
678:
674:
673:
671:
667:
661:
657:
655:
651:
649:
645:
643:
639:
637:
633:
631:
627:
626:
623:
615:
607:
602:
600:
595:
593:
588:
587:
584:
574:(3): 221β340.
573:
569:
562:
560:
556:
547:
545:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
493:
490:
485:
481:
477:
470:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
439:
436:
429:
425:
424:
420:
418:
417:
413:
412:
408:
404:
401:
398:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
376:
371:
367:
358:
354:
350:
349:Cherry County
346:
342:
330:
318:
309:
307:
306:
301:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
235:
234:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1210:Clarendonian
1103:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1013:Protohippina
1010:
1001:
994:
987:
967:
962:Shanxihippus
960:
953:
946:
941:Neohipparion
939:
932:
927:Hippotherium
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:Hipparionini
877:
872:Acritohippus
870:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
809:Kalobatippus
807:
800:
793:
786:
781:Anchitherium
779:
761:Xenicohippus
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
719:Heptaconodon
717:
710:
703:
698:Ghazijhippus
696:
689:
682:
675:
571:
567:
558:
554:
502:
498:
492:
483:
479:
469:
452:
448:
438:
421:
414:
402:
396:
392:
387:
382:
369:
345:breech birth
340:
303:
296:
295:Analysis of
294:
286:Clarendonian
272:
271:
270:
259:
255:
251:
245:Type species
232:
231:
123:
31:Clarendonian
24:
18:
1215:Hemphillian
1104:Protohippus
1042:Astrohippus
1026:Protohippus
969:Sivalhippus
879:Merychippus
795:Desmatippus
712:Haplohippus
669:Basal forms
652:Superorder
646:Infraclass
559:Protohippus
393:P. supremus
388:P. perditus
370:Protohippus
297:Protohippus
290:Hemphillian
273:Protohippus
264:Leidy, 1858
256:Protohippus
238:Leidy, 1858
233:Protohippus
205:Subfamily:
35:Hemphillian
25:Protohippus
1189:Categories
1070:Pliohippus
1049:Dinohippus
844:Sinohippus
837:Parahippus
823:Mesohippus
816:Megahippus
802:Hypohippus
754:Sifrhippus
726:Pliolophus
705:Eurohippus
482:. Ser. 2.
430:References
423:Mesohippus
403:P. gidleyi
1063:Hippidion
1034:Subtribe
1011:Subtribe
934:Nannippus
920:Hipparion
830:Miohippus
747:Orohippus
691:Erihippus
684:Epihippus
535:132815106
455:: 20β29.
355:. At the
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
126:skeleton
1119:Q3408120
1113:Wikidata
1019:Calippus
677:Eohippus
648:Eutheria
642:Mammalia
636:Chordata
630:Animalia
628:Kingdom
555:Calippus
416:Eohippus
409:See also
397:P. simus
383:P. vetus
353:Nebraska
341:P. simus
305:Calippus
260:perditus
195:Family:
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
1159:3614976
1146:1064587
1133:4830509
855:Equinae
634:Phylum
614:Equidae
527:1306685
507:Bibcode
461:4059296
377:Species
225:Genus:
215:Tribe:
209:Equinae
199:Equidae
185:Order:
175:Class:
1230:Equini
1036:Equina
980:Equini
658:Order
640:Class
533:
525:
459:
395:(also
219:Equini
1172:43020
1141:IRMNG
1056:Equus
564:(PDF)
531:S2CID
523:JSTOR
457:JSTOR
372:foot.
334:Skull
322:Fetus
299:'
282:horse
278:genus
252:Equus
1128:GBIF
557:and
357:AMNH
49:Preκ
515:doi
288:to
280:of
1191::
1169::
1156::
1143::
1130::
1115::
1039::
1016::
572:32
570:.
566:.
543:^
529:.
521:.
513:.
503:72
501:.
478:.
453:10
451:.
447:.
351:,
308:.
258:)
99:Pg
43:Ma
605:e
598:t
591:v
553:"
537:.
517::
509::
484:7
463:.
399:)
359:.
254:(
229:β
104:N
94:K
89:J
84:T
79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:κ
38:~
33:-
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