129:
523:
268:
111:
579:
with lamellulae (short gills which do not reach the edge of the stipe from the pileus margin) of varying lengths. The pileus is centered on the curved stipe, which is smooth and cylindrical, measuring 0.75 mm (0.030 in) thick by 10 mm (0.39 in) long. The stipe lacks a
588:. The mushroom is preserved with a small liquid and gas-filled bubble, possibly originating from the mushroom itself, which indicates the amber to be very solid and well-sealed.
559:
appears yellowish in the amber, and is smooth and glossy, changing to striate and slightly translucent towards the margin. The pileus margin is striated and slightly flared. The
547:
is a single fruit body without any associated structures, preserved in a piece of clear light yellow polished amber approximately 4.5โ2.5 cm (1.77โ0.98 in) wide. The
1143:
1046:
974:
1133:
1128:
927:
1153:
433:
894:
777:
Engel MS. (1995). "New
Augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) in Dominican Amber, with a brief review of fossil Halictidae".
623:
and subfamilies are based on microscopic features not visible or preserved in the amber specimen. Consequently, the assignment to
373:
is one of only five known agaric fungus species known in the fossil record and the second to be described from
Dominican amber.
1118:
429:
214:
355:
is smooth and cylindrical, measuring 0.75 mm (0.030 in) thick by 10 mm (0.39 in) long, and lacks a
416:
stage, about 20 to 16 million years before the present. It was first studied by a group of researchers consisting of
128:
1123:
442:
616:
398:
332:
463:
was coined by the authors from the Latin or Greek word for "amber", in reference to the mode of preservation.
850:
Poinar GO, Buckley R (2007). "Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early
Cretaceous amber".
1148:
988:
457:
1138:
1085:
241:
1038:
816:
612:
551:
is 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter and has a convex shape, sporting a raised central region (an
1113:
571:, and distantly spacedโbetween six and eight gills extend completely from the pileus margin to the
421:
218:
832:
786:
751:
711:
581:
560:
425:
406:
356:
348:
336:
123:
1090:
807:
Iturralde-Vinent MA, MacPhee RDE (1996). "Age and paleogeographical origin of
Dominican Amber".
919:
1072:
1020:
923:
890:
867:
759:
548:
535:
344:
1077:
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690:"Fossil mushrooms from Miocene and Cretaceous ambers and the evolution of Homobasidiomycetes"
911:
859:
824:
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568:
556:
498:
493:
484:
417:
352:
210:
734:
Hibbett DS, Grimaldi D, Donoghue MJ (2003). "Another fossil agaric from
Dominican Amber".
552:
820:
522:
482:
are also known from the amber mines of the
Dominican Republic, while the fourth species
1033:
635:
633:), and the describing authors leave open the option of treating the genus placement as
437:
267:
170:
1107:
912:
836:
160:
61:
654:
1025:
394:
110:
828:
627:
is provisional (the authors also note certain similarities with extant members of
863:
576:
478:
470:
was the third species of fossil agaric fungus to be described. The two species
413:
386:
340:
36:
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46:
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393:) currently residing in the private collection owned by Ettore Morone of
390:
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360:
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of the fruit body. Many of the features which are typically used to
507:
452:
365:
307:
150:
982:
747:
706:
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347:
that is 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter, with distantly spaced
521:
328:
300:
496:. With the 2007 publication of a fifth extinct agaric species,
986:
611:. The placement was based solely on the visible structures, or
397:. The specimen was collected in one of the amber mines in the
647:
is distinct from other amber-preserved mushroom taxa such as
889:(9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. p. 337.
599:, which at the time was considered part of the family
563:
on the underside of the pileus are broadly attached (
995:
910:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
278:is known only from amber deposits on the island of
885:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA (2001).
918:(10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p.
887:Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi
729:
727:
725:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
653:, in the grooved surface of its pileus and its
436:. Hibbett and colleagues published their 1997
327:, known from a single specimen collected in an
688:Hibbett DS, Grimaldi DS, Donoghue MJ (1997).
591:In Hibbett and colleagues' 1997 publication,
8:
779:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
983:
266:
109:
20:
1144:Natural history of the Dominican Republic
705:
456:", a modern genus that it resembles. The
409:. The amber is believed to date from the
363:(currently living) species of the genus
954:. International Mycological Association
665:
607:is currently classified in the family
318:. At present it contains the single
7:
529:is similar in appearance to modern
434:American Museum of Natural History
14:
639:(uncertain placement) within the
381:The genus is known only from the
502:, the minimum age for the order
260:Hibbett, Grimaldi & Donoghue
127:
575:. These full-length gills are
1:
1134:Fossil taxa described in 1997
1129:Natural history of Hispaniola
829:10.1126/science.273.5283.1850
351:on the underside. The curved
975:Botanical Society of America
864:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004
595:was placed in the subfamily
377:Discovery and classification
1154:Monotypic Agaricales genera
343:of the fungus has a convex
1170:
694:American Journal of Botany
450:is noted as "first", and "
443:American Journal of Botany
499:Palaeoagaracites antiquus
282:, north of South America
274:
265:
247:
240:
124:Scientific classification
122:
117:
108:
23:
485:Archaeomarasmius leggeti
479:Aureofungus yaniguaensis
399:Cordillera Septentrional
333:Cordillera Septentrional
118:Artist's reconstruction
977:Image of amber specimen
914:Dictionary of the Fungi
796:(subscription required)
506:was pushed back to the
1119:Fungi of North America
540:
466:When it was reported,
401:area of the island of
16:Extinct genus of fungi
1086:Paleobiology Database
948:(Pers.) Roussel 1806"
525:
473:Coprinites dominicana
852:Mycological Research
619:species into fungal
567:) to the top of the
446:. The generic name
997:Protomycena electra
821:1996Sci...273.1850I
815:(5283): 1850โ1852.
510:(approximately 100
488:is from the older,
468:Protomycena electra
385:specimen, a single
324:Protomycena electra
254:Protomycena electra
541:
536:M. adscendens
426:Harvard University
407:Dominican Republic
337:Dominican Republic
1124:Prehistoric fungi
1101:
1100:
1073:Open Tree of Life
989:Taxon identifiers
929:978-0-85199-826-8
533:species, such as
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601:Tricholomataceae
543:The holotype of
494:New Jersey Amber
458:specific epithet
438:type description
422:Michael Donoghue
270:
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29:Temporal range:
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707:10.2307/2446289
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613:macromorphology
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359:. It resembles
261:
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233:P. electra
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969:External links
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858:(4): 503โ506.
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785:(4): 334โ349.
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700:(8): 981โ991.
664:
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636:incertae sedis
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430:David Grimaldi
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242:Binomial name
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161:Basidiomycota
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1139:Miocene life
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956:. Retrieved
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655:anastomosing
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395:Turin, Italy
380:
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335:area of the
331:mine in the
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204:
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24:
18:
645:Protomycena
593:Protomycena
577:anastomosed
545:Protomycena
539:shown here.
527:Protomycena
518:Description
448:Protomycena
414:Burdigalian
371:Protomycena
314:, of order
290:Protomycena
276:Protomycena
205:Protomycena
32:Burdigalian
25:Protomycena
1114:Mycenaceae
1108:Categories
958:2010-11-10
661:References
650:Coprinites
641:Agaricales
609:Mycenaceae
504:Agaricales
490:Cretaceous
403:Hispaniola
387:fruit body
341:fruit body
316:Agaricales
312:Mycenaceae
280:Hispaniola
191:Mycenaceae
181:Agaricales
157:Division:
837:129754021
736:Mycologia
630:Marasmius
405:, in the
298:monotypic
226:Species:
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
1060:MycoBank
1034:Fungorum
1012:Q1939683
1006:Wikidata
952:MycoBank
872:17512712
791:25085728
764:21148976
621:families
617:classify
597:Myceneae
586:rhizoids
391:mushroom
383:holotype
219:Donoghue
215:Grimaldi
187:Family:
137:Domain:
1078:4106632
1052:3385541
817:Bibcode
809:Science
756:3761943
716:2446289
657:gills.
461:electra
440:in the
432:of the
428:, with
411:Miocene
320:species
295:extinct
251:†
230:†
211:Hibbett
197:Genus:
177:Order:
167:Class:
98:↓
1091:374067
1065:437935
1039:437935
946:Mycena
926:
893:
870:
835:
789:
762:
754:
714:
625:Mycena
605:Mycena
565:adnate
549:pileus
531:Mycena
508:Albian
453:Mycena
366:Mycena
361:extant
339:. The
308:fungus
305:gilled
293:is an
217:&
1026:4N65C
833:S2CID
787:JSTOR
752:JSTOR
712:JSTOR
573:stipe
569:stipe
561:gills
557:flesh
424:from
353:stipe
349:gills
329:amber
301:genus
151:Fungi
1047:GBIF
924:ISBN
891:ISBN
868:PMID
760:PMID
584:and
582:ring
553:umbo
492:age
476:and
420:and
357:ring
37:Pre๊
1021:CoL
920:445
860:doi
856:111
825:doi
813:273
744:doi
702:doi
514:).
345:cap
303:of
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1088::
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811:.
783:69
781:.
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750:.
740:95
738:.
724:^
710:.
698:84
696:.
692:.
668:^
643:.
603:;
512:Ma
369:.
213:,
87:Pg
961:.
944:"
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874:.
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819::
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766:.
746::
718:.
704::
389:(
201:โ
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:๊
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