127:
266:
291:
499:, although quite weak then, decisively refused. For their claim to all of Bohemia, the Czechs viewed indivisibility of Bohemia as a sacrosanct principle. The Czechs alleged that originally, all of Bohemia had been Czech-settled, and implied that this could justify a demand for restitution of these lands for the Czechs. German settlement and cultivation of the then mostly unsettled areas was portrayed as land grab.
25:
566:
demanded incorporation of the German-speaking lands, alleging that without these lands
Czechia would not survive economically. The Czechs denied existence of a closed German language area and distorted demographic maps such that the area between Komotau and Teplitz appeared as Czech-settled. At the
479:
promoted by middle-class intellectuals. Political German nationalism in
Austria did not exist on its own, but in a context of many competing nationalism. On the other hand, German liberals believed that their predominance had a universal basis in the values of constitutionalism, parliamentary
515:
provided for a solution in that the historical regions were to remain, but that they should be further subdivided along ethnic boundaries. Such an idea of ethnic subdivision of
Bohemia was accepted by many German parties but was strongly opposed by the Czech.
623:
began an invasion of
Province of German Bohemia and during December it occupied the whole region, with Reichenberg falling on 16 December and the last major city, Leitmeritz, falling on 27 December 1918. Other secessionist provinces faced the same fate.
510:
were filled by increasing nationalist tensions and struggling between gradually strengthening
Bohemian-Czechs (c. 2/3 of all inhabitants of the Czech lands) and Bohemian-Germans, but also with several attempts for striking a compromise. For example, the
463:
to develop sparsely populated border regions of
Bohemia with skills acquired from the comparable landscapes of German states. For the subsequent seven centuries, the Czech lands were characterized by close relationship as well as contentment
480:
government and rule of law. As
Germans felt more marginalized in Bohemia, the Germans' views began shifting to alleged racial and cultural superiority. Czech nationalism eventually turned just as radical as German nationalism.
647:. German Bohemians had however hoped that the new state would be built as a Swiss-type decentralized state, which had been implied by Czech officials to appease the Western Allies on the woeful status of the large minorities.
635:, which declared that the areas belong to solely to Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak government then granted amnesty for all activities against the new state. The region that had been German Bohemia was reintegrated into the
571:
proposed border correrctions of
Bohemia such that Eger, Rumburg, Friedland, and Freiwaldau were to become part of Germany. Notably, the German-Bohemian lands were the most industrialized regions in whole Austria-Hungary.
337:
989:
969:
964:
523:, Germans in areas of Bohemia with an ethnic German majority declared that they did not want to break away from Austria as the Czechs intended. On 27 October 1918, the
697:
484:
999:
451:, German tribes had largely left the Bohemian areas and the region had become home of a Slavic population. Since the second half of the 13th century
568:
559:
994:
632:
551:
the
Province of German Bohemia was formed from the part of Bohemia that contained primarily ethnic Germans. The capital of the province was at
221:
924:
475:
As the
Bohemian lands modernized, Czech nationalism grew, intellectually developed as a combination of noble provincial particularism and
984:
686:
678:
34:
946:
935:
913:
902:
866:
816:
67:
783:
Helmut Slapnica. "Die Stellungnahme des Deutschtums der Sudetenläner zum "Historischen Staatsrecht"". In Birke; Oberdorfer (eds.).
539:
relinquished power and, on 12 November, ethnic German areas of the empire were declared to be part of new the Republic of
919:
Douglas, R.M.: Orderly and Humane. The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. Yale University Press 2012.
578:
Three other sister provinces were formed alongside German Bohemia, also made up of predominantly German-speaking parts:
491:
for unification of all German-speaking countries (i.e., in their conception, including Czech lands being then under the
126:
723:
693:
644:
582:
528:
284:
394:
713:
673:
671:. Around 165,000 Czechs who lived in these areas quickly fled (or were forced to flee) in fear of reprisals by the
359:
113:
718:
456:
575:
In 1919, the territory of the province was inhabited by 2.23 million ethnic Germans, and 116,275 ethnic Czechs.
476:
38:
627:
The status of the German areas in Bohemia, Moravia, and Austrian Silesia was finally settled by the 1919 peace
597:) – this province had radically different (smaller) boundaries than later conceptions of the term "Sudetenland"
417:). The land that comprised the province would later form an integral part of the territory later known as the "
330:
465:
785:
Das böhmische Staatsrecht in den deutsch - tschechischen Auseinandersetzungen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
733:
609:
496:
636:
664:
512:
979:
728:
628:
600:
536:
378:
667:, a new administrative unit that contained northern parts of German-speaking areas of the former
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488:
440:
402:
659:
Czechoslovakia was forced to give up the German-inhabited areas of its domain, at the behest of
942:
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920:
909:
898:
862:
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from Czechoslovak territory: many were killed or died during their flight from both Czech and
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492:
444:
45:
974:
656:
594:
448:
436:
406:
544:
520:
507:
503:
430:
322:
271:
95:
563:
435:
Territories constituting modern German Bohemia were historically an integral part of the
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586:
540:
469:
460:
355:
343:
309:
132:
958:
613:
604:
452:
370:
701:
660:
398:
358:, established for a short period of time after the First World War, as part of the
49:
806:
418:
410:
897:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: A terrible Revenge. Palgrave/Macmillan, New York, 1994.
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414:
107:
590:
552:
527:
declared independence from Bohemia and a day later the independence of
386:
382:
374:
366:
351:
142:
532:
519:
With the imminent collapse of Habsburg Austria-Hungary at the end of
603:(southern Moravia and southeastern Bohemia) – planned adjoining to
941:
Meixner, Rudolf: Geschichte der Sudetendeutschen. Nürnberg, 1988.
811:(in German). Berlin: Wolf Jobst Siedler Verlag GmbH. p. 381.
447:
from 1102), although with different ethnic development. After the
663:. The Nazis would incorporate the former German Bohemia into the
692:
After the war, all of this land was reincorporated into renewed
677:, a Nazi-sponsored militia. A half year later, however, Germany
495:
rule) into one state – the demands which representatives of the
390:
483:
Relatively calm coexistence began ending with outbreak of the
18:
696:. The vast majority of the German population (more than 94%)
930:
Franzel, Emil: Sudetendeutsche Geschichte. Mannheim, 1978.
841:
Die sudetendeutsche Frage auf der Pariser Friedenskonferenz
908:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: Nemesis at Potsdam. London, 1977.
808:
Deutsche Geschichte in Osten Europas: Böhmen und Mähren
373:. Important population centers were Reichenberg (now
770:
Conservatives and Right Radicals in Interwar Europe
305:
218:
208:
196:
178:
166:
156:
148:
138:
82:
843:. Fides-Verlags-gesellschaft. pp. 75, 81, 87.
472:-Czech majority and substantial German minority.
800:
798:
796:
794:
679:invaded the remaining parts of the Czech lands
612:(southwestern Bohemia) – planned adjoining to
990:States and territories disestablished in 1918
970:States and territories disestablished in 1919
859:Verfassungsgeschichte der Republik Österreich
772:. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 27–28.
755:Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen und Mähren
8:
881:Versailles 1919: Ziele, Wirkung, Wahrnehmung
87:
131:Province of German Bohemia as shown within
965:States and territories established in 1918
855:1918–1933. Fünfzehn Jahre Verfassungskampf
531:was proclaimed in the Bohemian capital of
365:It included parts of northern and western
125:
79:
48:. Please do not remove this message until
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
879:Gerd Krumeich, Silke Fehlemann (2001).
745:
689:from the formerly independent country.
685:, "Remaining Czechia"), and carved out
543:, with the intent of unifying with the
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155:
147:
137:
369:, at that time primarily populated by
162:14,496 km (5,597 sq mi)
329:
238:
234:
217:
207:
203:
191:
177:
173:
7:
502:The remaining 70 years of existence
14:
861:, Bd. 1), Springer, Vienna 1998,
455:settlers had been invited by the
1000:1918 disestablishments in Europe
487:, which also brought demands of
289:
264:
23:
549:principle of self-determination
535:. On 11 November 1918, Emperor
222:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1:
995:1918 establishments in Europe
853:Klaus Berchtold (in German):
757:. Holzner-Verlag. p. 5.
753:Wilhelm Weizsäcker (1959).
724:Province of the Sudetenland
651:Later development (1938–45)
583:Province of the Sudetenland
285:First Czechoslovak Republic
50:conditions to do so are met
1016:
985:Republic of German-Austria
714:Republic of German-Austria
674:Sudetendeutsches Freikorps
428:
360:Republic of German-Austria
319:Province of German Bohemia
114:Republic of German-Austria
83:Province of German Bohemia
839:Rüdiger Goldmann (1971).
805:Prinz, Friedrich (1993).
719:Origins of Czechoslovakia
401:), Gablonz an der Neiße (
243:
239:
235:
231:
204:
192:
188:
174:
124:
119:
106:
883:. Klartext. p. 186.
768:Marco Bresciani (2020).
619:In 29 November 1918 the
508:Austro-Hungarian Empire
734:Bohemian Forest Region
629:treaties of Versailles
610:Bohemian Forest Region
569:Paris Peace Conference
560:Paris Peace Conference
497:Czech National Revival
347:
331:[ˈdɔʏtʃbøːmən]
326:
88:
694:Czechoslovak Republic
665:Reichsgau Sudetenland
645:Czechoslovak Republic
633:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
529:Czechoslovak Republic
513:Kremsier Constitution
477:historical revivalism
327:Provinz Deutschböhmen
89:Provinz Deutschböhmen
729:German South Moravia
601:German South Moravia
537:Charles I of Austria
443:(itself part of the
381:), Teplitz-Schönau (
350:) was a province in
637:Province of Bohemia
547:. Appealing to the
489:German nationalists
210:• Established
37:of this article is
681:(in German called
441:Kingdom of Bohemia
403:Jablonec nad Nisou
925:978-0-30016-660-6
787:. Marburg / Lahn.
655:According to the
621:Czechoslovak army
445:Holy Roman Empire
315:
314:
301:
300:
297:
296:
277:
276:
227:10 September 1919
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77:
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1007:
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829:
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765:
759:
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687:new puppet state
657:Munich Agreement
595:Austrian Silesia
449:Migration Period
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340:
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892:Further reading
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742:
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521:First World War
485:1848 Revolution
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431:Sudeten Germans
427:
405:), Leitmeritz (
395:Mariánské Lázně
336:
335:
334:
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272:Austria-Hungary
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214:29 October 1918
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987:
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743:
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709:
706:
683:Rest-Tschechei
669:Bohemian Crown
652:
649:
617:
616:
607:
598:
587:Bohemia proper
585:(northeastern
541:German Austria
457:Bohemian kings
426:
423:
393:), Marienbad (
379:Ústí nad Labem
371:ethnic Germans
356:Czech Republic
313:
312:
310:Czech Republic
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947:3-921332-97-4
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936:3-8083-1141-X
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929:
926:
922:
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914:0-8032-4910-1
911:
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904:
903:1-4039-7308-3
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867:3-211-83188-6
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820:
818:3-88680-200-0
814:
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735:
732:
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715:
712:
711:
707:
705:
703:
699:
698:were expelled
695:
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650:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
622:
615:
614:Upper Austria
611:
608:
606:
605:Lower Austria
602:
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596:
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588:
584:
581:
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556:
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432:
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420:
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408:
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397:), Karlsbad (
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388:
384:
380:
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372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:Německé Čechy
345:
338:
332:
328:
324:
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311:
308:
306:Today part of
304:
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283:
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41:
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36:
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880:
874:
858:
854:
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834:
822:. Retrieved
807:
784:
778:
769:
763:
754:
748:
691:
682:
672:
661:Nazi Germany
654:
640:
626:
618:
593:and western
577:
574:
564:Edvard Beneš
557:
545:German Reich
518:
501:
482:
474:
434:
413:) and Saaz (
399:Karlovy Vary
364:
318:
316:
254:Succeeded by
253:
248:
180:• 1918
64:
55:
33:
980:Sudetenland
824:25 February
704:attackers.
589:, northern
553:Reichenberg
419:Sudetenland
377:), Aussig (
249:Preceded by
158:• 1918
143:Reichenberg
959:Categories
740:References
641:Země česká
468:) between
466:F. Palacký
429:See also:
407:Litoměřice
354:, now the
167:Population
58:March 2021
35:neutrality
869:, S. 103.
643:) of the
409:), Brüx (
389:), Eger (
184:2,350,000
120:1918–1919
46:talk page
16:1918-1919
708:See also
525:Egerland
504:Austrian
493:Habsburg
461:nobility
459:and the
385:), Dux (
108:Province
39:disputed
975:Bohemia
591:Moravia
558:At the
425:History
387:Duchcov
383:Teplice
375:Liberec
367:Bohemia
352:Bohemia
220:•
197:History
139:Capital
945:
934:
923:
912:
901:
865:
815:
702:Soviet
533:Prague
470:Slavic
453:German
323:German
200:
170:
152:
96:German
92:
437:Duchy
415:Žatec
344:Czech
943:ISBN
932:ISBN
921:ISBN
910:ISBN
899:ISBN
863:ISBN
826:2013
813:ISBN
631:and
506:and
439:and
411:Most
391:Cheb
317:The
149:Area
112:the
32:The
421:".
110:of
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793:^
562:,
555:.
362:.
346::
342:;
325::
949:.
938:.
927:.
916:.
905:.
857:(
828:.
639:(
464:(
321:(
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94:(
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52:.
42:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
