357:
31:
378:, promoting family values and sobriety, banning abortions and making divorces harder to obtain, advancing natalist ideals that made mockery of irresponsible parents. The expanded opportunities for female employment caused a population crisis in the 1930s, government had expanded access to child care starting at the age of two. After the
654:
non-Muslims in
Western Europe, but shows that the gap is not as large as many believe. And, similar to other immigrants in other countries, Muslim fertility rates tend to fall over time, narrowing the gap with the non-Muslims who make up the vast majority of the European population now, and for the foreseeable future.
356:
394:
made demographics an important issue, instituting a two-pronged approach of direct financial rewards and socio-cultural policies. The notable example of the former is the maternal-capital program where the woman is provided with subsidies that can be spent only on improved housing or the education
232:
The right-wing proponents of pronatalism argue that falling birthrates could lead to economic stagnation, diminished innovation, and an unsustainable burden on social systems due to an aging population. The movement suggests that without a significant increase in birth rates, the sustainability of
251:
in actually ending up doing so, but childless individuals who intend to have children immediately or within two or three years are generally more likely to succeed than those who intend to have children in the long term. There are many determinants of the intention to have children, including:
653:
Women who report firm adherence to their religious beliefs and practices tend to have higher fertility than less religious women, whether
Christian or Muslim. But religiousness does not always mean higher fertility. The study confirms the perception that Muslim women have more children than
281:
happiness, with happier people tending to want more children. However, other research has shown that the social acceptability of the choice to have or not have children plays a significant factor in reproductive decisions. The social stigma, marginalization, and even domestic violence that
382:
the skewed ratio of men to women prompted additional financial assistance to women that had children or were pregnant. Despite the promotion and long maternity leave with maintenance of employment and salary, modernization still caused birthrates to continue to slide into the 1970s.
373:
Natalist thinking was common during Soviet times. After a brief adherence to the strict
Communist doctrine in 1920s and attempts to raise children communally, coupled with the government-provided healthcare, the Soviet government switched to
944:
277:
came to the conclusion that both men receiving no support at all and men receiving support from many different people have a lower probability of intending to have another child, with the latter probably related to coordination
413:
in 2019 announced pecuniary incentives (including eliminating taxes for mothers with more than three children, and reducing credit payments and easier access to loans), and expanding day care and kindergarten access.
1658:
Merz, Joseph J; Barnard, Phoebe; Rees, William E; Smith, Dane; Maroni, Mat; Rhodes, Christopher J; Dederer, Julia H; Bajaj, Nandita; Joy, Michael K; Wiedmann, Thomas; Sutherland, Rory (2023-09-20).
948:
2044:
209:
Beginning around the early 2020s, the threat of "global demographic collapse" began to become a cause célèbre among wealthy tech and venture-capitalist circles as well as the
133:
as desirable for social reasons and to ensure the continuance of humanity. Some philosophers have noted that if humans fail to have children, humans would become extinct.
260:
influences fertility intentions, with increased numbers of nephews and nieces increasing the preferred number of children. These effects may be observed in the case of
298:
typically seeks to create financial and social incentives for populations to reproduce, such as providing tax incentives that reward having and supporting children.
160:
1892:
796:
2128:
1252:"Billionaires like Elon Musk want to save civilization by having tons of genetically superior kids. Inside the movement to take 'control of human evolution.'"
585:
1775:
696:
2253:
2248:
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accompanies those without children, by choice or chance, is a significant factor in their feelings of happiness or belonging within their communities.
1251:
716:
537:
Natalism is an ideology that advocates a high birth rate within a community. The central message is that parents should have additional children.
764:
732:
344:
has generous parental leave wherein parents are entitled to share 16 months' paid leave per child, the cost divided between both employer and
1871:
618:
2060:
333:, have implemented, or tried to implement, interventionist natalist policies, creating incentives for larger families among native stock.
1022:
1921:
2302:
1406:
1218:
1422:
981:
927:
524:
217:
has made natalism a key plank of his political platform. In the United States, key figures include Kevin Dolan, organizer of the
2307:
1717:"'I am always crying on the inside': a qualitative study on the implications of infertility on women's lives in urban Gambia"
1078:
1399:
The Baby Matrix: Why
Freeing Our Minds From Outmoded Thinking About Parenthood & Reproduction Will Create a Better World
1100:
35:
692:
248:
242:
1826:
1158:
147:
Many religions encourage procreation, and religiousness in members can sometimes correlate to higher rates of fertility.
1130:
375:
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998:
222:
120:
69:
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804:
772:
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404:
142:
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the preference of family size, which influences that of the children through early adulthood. Likewise, the
434:
advocates and environmentalists see natalism as a driver of reproductive injustice, population growth, and
1852:"Neoliberal State Politics of Reproduction: "Correct Knowledge" and Life Planning as Pronatalist Strategy"
361:
265:
92:
1949:
30:
797:"Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio: On the Role of the Christian Family in the Modern World"
464:
435:
318:
204:
100:
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civilizations could be in danger; Elon Musk has called it a "much bigger risk" than global warming.
469:
431:
379:
2204:
2109:
1926:
1559:
1416:
1364:
1072:
884:
859:; Huntington, Gertrude E (July 1979). "Fertility Patterns and Trends among the Old Order Amish".
643:"Do Muslims Have More Children Than Other Women in Western Europe? – Population Reference Bureau"
586:"'What if everybody decided not to have children?' The philosopher questioning humanity's future"
486:
439:
306:
302:
270:
social pressure from kin and friends to have another child, such as overall cultural normativity.
96:
2265:
Conceiving the Future: Pronatalism, Reproduction, and the Family in the United States, 1890-1938
2223:
107:, the share of countries with pronatalist policies had grown from 20% in 2005 to 28% in 2019.
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1867:
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1447:"Challenging Pronatalism Is Key to Advancing Reproductive Rights and a Sustainable Population"
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38:(1855–1931), surrounded by his family. Twice married, he fathered 16 children during his life.
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1487:
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1346:
1305:
1297:
1055:"The new push for more babies: How tech elites think it will save the planet | Best of 2023"
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459:
171:
people had an average of 6.8 children per family. Among some conservative
Protestants, the
554:
257:
210:
164:
81:
73:
2164:
1715:
Dierickx, Susan; Rahbari, Ladan; Longman, Chia; Jaiteh, Fatou; Coene, Gily (2018-09-12).
1617:
410:
214:
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Those who adhere to a more traditionalist framing may therefore seek to limit access to
1751:
1716:
1310:
1285:
391:
345:
337:
104:
1776:"A home to plan the first child? Fertility intentions and housing conditions in Italy"
1446:
1054:
666:
549:
2291:
2208:
1897:
1532:"Socially Embedded Preferences, Environmental Externalities, and Reproductive Rights"
825:
423:
314:
295:
191:
183:
126:
2238:
2233:
1973:
Björklund, Anders (2007). "Does a Family-Friendly Policy Raise
Fertility Levels?".
800:
768:
760:
736:
728:
481:
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secure housing situation, and feeling of overall economic stability more generally.
274:
156:
54:
2224:
Freeing
American Families: Reforms to Make Family Life Easier and More Affordable
512:
2181:
2129:"First Thing: US pro-birth conference's links to far-right eugenicists revealed"
1660:"World scientists' warning: The behavioural crisis driving ecological overshoot"
700:
491:
427:
330:
195:
e.g. criticized artificial contraception and advocated for a natalist position.
175:
movement advocates for large families and views children as blessings from God.
1827:"Coercive Pro-Birth Policies Have Devastating Impacts on People and the Planet"
1618:"The Effect of Pronatalist Rhetoric on Women's Fertility Preferences in Turkey"
1463:
72:, the term, as it relates to the belief itself, dates from 1971 and comes from
1863:
1733:
1675:
1594:
1503:
1301:
475:
310:
229:, who has repeatedly used his public platform to discuss global birth rates.
187:
172:
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1683:
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1602:
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Natalism has been criticized on human-rights and environmental grounds. Most
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326:
226:
62:
17:
1760:
1701:
1319:
904:
841:
1376:
442:
179:
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61:
life as an important objective of humanity and therefore advocates high
2113:
2081:
1633:
1547:
1368:
1101:"The populist right wants you to make more babies. The question is how"
945:"The Value of Children (11 July 2002 FamilyLife Today Radio Broadcast)"
888:
671:
642:
261:
148:
2191:
103:, attempts at a political response are also growing. According to the
1794:
438:. In politics, journalists have linked the pronatalist movement with
341:
130:
2097:
1579:"A Framework for Studying Adults who Neither have Nor Want Children"
1351:
1334:
1159:"Revealed: US pro-birth conference's links to far-right eugenicists"
872:
305:
offer incentives to the people to have large families as a means of
974:
Be
Fruitful and Multiply: What the Bible Says about Having Children
167:, encourage procreation. In 1979 one research paper indicated that
53:
position) is a policy paradigm or personal value that promotes the
2082:"Judith Blake on Fertility Control and the Problem of Voluntarism"
355:
322:
168:
152:
58:
29:
2278:
God's babies: Natalism and Bible interpretation in modern
America
1333:
Axinn, William G.; Clarkberg, Marin E.; Thornton, Arland (1994).
517:
387:
1774:
Vignoli, Daniele; Rinesi, Francesca; Mussino, Eleonora (2013).
999:"Abortion Bans Are a Natural Outgrowth of Coercive Pronatalism"
390:
in 1991 was accompanied by a large drop in fertility. In 2006,
2222:
Calder, Vanessa Brown, and Chelsea Follett (August 10, 2023).
2045:"Orban Encourages Mothers in Hungary to Have 4 or More Babies"
2002:
2000:
1284:
Nicoletta Balbo; Francesco C. Billari; Melinda Mills (2013).
1190:
360:
Parking place for families with children, residential area.
2269:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9780807868102_lovett.1
2165:"Modernity and natalism in Russia: Historic perspectives"
920:
A Full Quiver: Family Planning and the Lordship of Christ
701:"Gospel Topics – The Family: A Proclamation to the World"
395:
of a child (and can also be saved for the retirement).
34:
Uruguayan conservative politician and Catholic activist
1577:
Neal, Zachary P.; Neal, Jennifer Watling (2023-09-04).
1486:
Neal, Zachary P.; Neal, Jennifer Watling (2023-08-14).
1286:"Fertility in Advanced Societies: A Review of Research"
1922:"South Korea, in Turnabout, Now Calls for More Babies"
733:"Humanae Vitae: Encyclical on the Regulation of Birth"
619:"The Very Nice People Who Want Humanity to Go Extinct"
317:
payments or tax reductions. Some impose penalties or
1131:"The Far Right's Campaign to Explode the Population"
321:
on those with fewer children. Some nations, such as
1219:"Meet the 'elite' couples breeding to save mankind"
765:"Casti Connubii: Encyclical on Christian Marriage"
307:national efforts to reverse declining populations
348:. However, it appears not to work as desired.
340:can also be used as an incentive. For example,
247:An intention to have children is a substantial
161:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1335:"Family Influences on Family Size Preferences"
243:Fertility factor (demography) § Intention
1975:Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies
1488:"Childfree in a Family-Friendly Neighborhood"
1445:Bajaj, Nandita; Stade, Kirsten (2023-02-03).
8:
2267:(University of North Carolina Press, 2007) ]
2169:European Journal of Government and Economics
1451:The Journal of Population and Sustainability
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
844:– via NakladatelskĂ© stĹ™edisko ÄŚLS JEP.
2030:
2018:
2006:
1991:
1530:Dasgupta, Aisha; Dasgupta, Partha (2017).
2190:
2180:
1950:"Storks don't take orders from the state"
1750:
1732:
1691:
1462:
1350:
1309:
1023:"Humanae Vitae (July 25, 1968) | Paul VI"
855:Ericksen, Julia A.; Ericksen, Eugene P.;
513:"1: Natalism: A Popular Use of the Bible"
2230:no. 955, Cato Institute, Washington, DC.
1893:"Pro-natalism: Breaking the baby strike"
717:The Family: A Proclamation to the World
502:
27:Belief that promotes human reproduction
2254:What to Expect When No One's Expecting
1414:
1070:
338:maternity and paternity leave policies
273:social support. However, a study from
213:. In Europe, Hungarian prime minister
1948:Brown, Elizabeth Nolan (2023-05-02).
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7:
1920:Onishi, Norimitsu (21 August 2005).
519:. Cambridge: Open Books. p. 2.
309:. Incentives may include a one-time
2163:Kouprianova, Nina (December 2013).
922:. Brentwood, TN: Hyatt Publishers.
225:, founders of Pronatalist.org, and
947:. FamilyLife Today. Archived from
569:"The new economics of fertility".
25:
2239:Selfish Reasons To Have More Kids
2086:Population and Development Review
1850:Fassbender, Isabel (2021-12-01),
1622:Population and Development Review
1536:Population and Development Review
1401:. United States: LiveTrue Books.
1099:Martuscelli, Carlo (2023-09-11).
2043:Kingsley, Patrick (2019-02-11).
952:(Transcript of radio broadcast)
826:"Catholicism and contraception"
91:Just like there seems to be an
2127:Slawson, Nicola (2023-09-04).
1616:Dildar, Yasemin (2022-02-23).
1290:European Journal of Population
1129:Del Valle, Gaby (2024-04-28).
697:Council of the Twelve Apostles
584:Anthony, Andrew (2023-07-22).
555:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1:
2280:(Open Book Publishers, 2014)
1825:Bajaj, Nandita (2023-02-28).
1421:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1397:Carroll, Laura (2012-05-17).
1053:Kirkey, Sharon (2023-01-27).
997:Bajaj, Nandita (2022-07-06).
976:. San Antonio: Vision Forum.
125:Generally, natalism promotes
1157:Wilson, Jason (2023-09-04).
617:Arand, Dustin (2022-11-29).
409:The Hungarian government of
2182:10.17979/ejge.2013.2.2.4293
1858:, Brill, pp. 166–197,
1856:Active Pursuit of Pregnancy
1783:Population, Space and Place
918:Hess, Rick and Jan (1990).
36:Juan Zorrilla de San MartĂn
2324:
1605:– via Sage Journals.
1514:– via Sage Journals.
1464:10.3197/JPS.63799953906861
1077:: CS1 maint: url-status (
824:Greguš, Jan (2019-12-20).
805:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
773:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
741:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
402:
240:
237:Intention to have children
223:Simone and Malcolm Collins
202:
140:
121:Replacement fertility rate
114:
70:Merriam-Webster dictionary
2303:Human population planning
1864:10.1163/9789004499553_007
1734:10.1186/s12978-018-0596-2
1676:10.1177/00368504231201372
1595:10.1177/10664807231198869
1504:10.1177/15365042231192502
1302:10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y
573:: 65. September 17, 2022.
1217:Dodds, Io (2023-04-17).
972:Campbell, Nancy (2003).
405:Family policy in Hungary
155:, and major branches of
143:Be fruitful and multiply
2258:(Encounter Books, 2013)
455:Anti-abortion movements
943:Dennis Rainey (2002).
699:(September 23, 1995),
511:McKeown, John (2014).
365:
101:cultural modernization
85:
77:
39:
2308:Philosophy of biology
667:"Mishnah Yevamot 6;6"
359:
266:Israeli demographics.
241:Further information:
33:
2243:(Basic Books, 2012).
2092:(1): 167–177. 1994.
2063:on February 12, 2019
623:Politically Speaking
465:Tax on childlessness
436:ecological overshoot
301:Some countries with
205:Political demography
186:, as well. The 1968
1721:Reproductive Health
470:Jus trium liberorum
432:reproductive rights
380:Great Patriotic war
362:TomaszĂłw Mazowiecki
2049:The New York Times
1927:The New York Times
1644:– via Wiley.
1634:10.1111/padr.12466
1583:The Family Journal
1548:10.1111/padr.12090
954:on October 1, 2005
861:Population Studies
857:Hostetler, John A.
558:. Merriam-Webster.
487:Population decline
376:neo-traditionalism
366:
303:population decline
97:population decline
40:
2263:Lovett, Laura L.
2249:Last, Jonathan V.
1873:978-90-04-49955-3
830:Česká Gynekologie
793:Pope John Paul II
290:Concrete policies
117:Population ethics
68:According to the
16:(Redirected from
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2059:. Archived from
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2031:Kouprianova 2013
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2019:Kouprianova 2013
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2007:Kouprianova 2013
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1797:. Archived from
1795:10.1002/psp.1716
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219:Natal Conference
99:associated with
21:
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2276:McKeown, John.
2228:Policy Analysis
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428:malthusians
331:South Korea
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2292:Categories
2192:2183/23366
2146:2024-04-30
2067:2019-03-13
1959:2024-03-20
1954:Reason.com
1879:2024-04-18
1836:2024-04-18
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1032:2024-02-06
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678:2019-06-20
648:2023-12-12
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550:"natalism"
532:2018-12-08
498:References
476:Decree 770
311:baby bonus
264:or modern
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188:encyclical
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571:Economist
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227:Elon Musk
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