195:, Józef Strzałkowski, appeared in front of a stall of a Jewish baker, urging Polish peasants not to buy any products from Jewish merchants. The baker kicked Strzałkowski's crutch, and in return, the Pole hit him in the arm. The baker reported the incident to the police that resulted in Strzalkowski's arrest. The consequence generated outrage amongst the Polish farmers, who encircled the police station, demanding the release of Strzałkowski. During the subsequent 20 minutes, the peasants and Jewish youth, which also began gathering in the town square, were dispersed by the police.
96:
91:
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824:— Named victims: Moszek Dalman, Józef Szymański, Franciszka Sobolowa, Stanisław Kubiak, Stanisław Popiel, Stanisława Regulska, Stanisław Wieśniak (killed), Josek Minkowski (killed), Chaja Minkowski (killed), Gabryś Minkowski, Izrael Icek Przybysiewicz, Fajga Szuch, Berek Tober, Jochwet Palant, Szmul Minkowski, Majer Tokier, Lejbuś Tokier, Giedale Hempel, Sur Borensztajn, Hinda Borensztajn, Moszek Bojmał, Estera Frydman, Chana Bass. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
822:— Accused (named): Józef Strzałkowski, Wacław Kacperski, Szczepan Zarychta, Józef Pytlewski, Józef Olszewski, Franciszek Wlazło, Józef Czubak, Jan Wójcik, Feliks Jan Bugajczyk, Franciszek Kosiec, Stanisław Ślizak; Jankiel Abram Haberberg, Lejzor Feldberg, Jankiel Lejbuś Zajda, Rafał Honik, Moszek Ferszt, Szoel Kręgiel, Moszek Cukier, Lejbuś Łęga, Icek Banda, Icek Frydman; Luzer Kierszencwajg, Jankiel Kierszencwajg, Szulim Chil Leska, Jankiel Borensztajn.
81:
shops, breweries, tobacco manufacturing plants, and groceries. Central markets were organized once a week, always on
Mondays, drawing in crowds from nearby towns and villages. The competition for market shares between Jews and a much smaller community of gentile Poles was intense. In 1935 local Poles created 50 small companies allowing Polish farmers to bypass Jewish merchants, undercutting trade by Jewish locals.
292:
collection of money for Jewish residents of the town resulted in a growing negative propaganda aimed at Poles. As
Gontarczyk wrote, volunteers, while collecting funds, presented the picture of Poland as a "wild country of pogroms", hoping to collect as much money as possible. The tendentious information about the situation of Jews in Poland created false stereotypes of antisemitic Poles.
264:
sentenced for 8 years was Szulim Chil Leska, the killer of Stanisław Wieśniak. Later, Leska's sentence was reduced to 7 years), while 39 Poles received sentences from 6 months to 1 year. The accused Jews claimed they were acting in self-defense, but the court rejected those arguments. The verdict outraged the Jewish community in Poland, leading to a number of nationwide strikes.
215:
Jews hid, was attacked. A Jewish couple, Chaja and Josek
Minkowski were killed during the riot, while their children were beaten up. Josek, who was a shoemaker, was probably killed by an axe in the hall of his house. His wife was severely beaten and died in hospital in Radom. Furthermore, 24 Jews were injured. A secret report, written after the riot by regional authorities from
60:) party. The disorder began as a small dispute between a Jewish baker and a Polish farmer selling his wares. Disturbances took on such a severe dimension as a result of the use of firearms by Jews. According to historian Emanuel Melzer, it was the most notorious incident of antisemitic violence in Poland in the
166:: "We have to emphasize the fact that the idea of an economic boycott of Jews, put forward by the National Democracy, was embraced by the local peasantry, which feels hatred towards the Jews (...) The boycott itself leads merchants to despair, because the economic basis of their existence is threatened".
239:
claims, Schorr's words, in which he talked about three brutally killed Jewish victims, without mentioning that one of the victims was Polish, resulted in complete distortion of the description of the events, as his words were immediately repeated worldwide, resulting in a wave of anti-Polish feelings
214:
Altogether, the riot lasted for some 45 minutes. A crowd of peasants, enraged by the killing of one of their own, beat up several Jews, smashing several stores and stalls, including a store which belonged to Fajga
Szuchowa. Among others, the house of a woman named Sura Borensztajn, where a number of
80:
of 1918-1939 Przytyk was an urban settlement. In 1930 it was inhabited by 2302 people, 1852 of whom were Jews (80 percent of the total population) who dominated the local economy. The Jews owned and operated credit union, power station, transportation companies, bakeries, slaughter houses, tailoring
816:: Goniec Częstochowski. Dziennik Polityczny, Społeczny, Economiczny i Literacki. (Goniec Częstochowski. Political, Social, Economic and Literary Daily) Nr 128/1936. June 4, 1936. pp. 2–3. – Among the accused are 57 individuals including 14 Jews. There are 359 witnesses ... nobody feels guilty.
186:
writes in his book "Pogrom? Zajścia polsko-żydowskie w
Przytyku 9 marca 1936 r. Mity, fakty, dokumenty" (lit. 'Pogrom? Polish-Jewish incidents in Przytyk on March 9, 1936: myths, facts, documents') that the first incident took place early in the morning of March 9, when Jewish merchants destroyed a
130:
remained in an economic slump, and Polish peasants, whose profits had been drastically reduced, began to look for other means of supporting themselves. In mid-1935, Polish right-wing political activists in Radom County declared a general boycott of Jewish stores. Local
Endecja sometimes resorted to
205:
Polish peasants, aware of their numerical superiority, began gathering on the other side of the
Radomka river. Near the bridge, another riot began, when Jewish stalls were turned over. A group of Jews arrived and armed with revolvers and clubs started attacking random bystanders. Both sides threw
152:
took place at
Przytyk. In 1936, some 2,000 peasants attended, and since Polish police officers were aware of the possible conflict, the local department, which consisted of 5 officers, was strengthened by additional 11 officers, which later turned out to be an inadequate number. Furthermore, the
263:
The trial following the events started on June 2 and involved 43 Polish and 14 Jewish defendants, the latter charged with aggressive behavior towards Polish peasants. The verdict was pronounced on June 26, with eleven of the Jews sentenced to prison terms of from 6 months to 8 years (the person
227:
Officially, three people were killed and more than 20 injured, but the number of the injured Polish peasants was probably larger, as many of them decided not to go to hospital. An investigation was immediately started, with arrests of Szulim Chil Leska, his father and one peasant. At first, the
291:
Regiment was shot by a Jewish resident Judka Lejb
Chaskielewicz, riots erupted in which several Jewish stores were smashed. The situation in Przytyk itself remained tense. Local Jews were supported by their American diaspora, which sent money and food to Przytyk. According to Piotr Gontarczyk,
228:
police did not believe the peasants, who presented their version of the riot, and 22 Poles were soon arrested. On March 16 however, with the investigation still going on, three members of Jewish self-defence group were incarcerated: Icek Banda, Luzer
Kirszencwajg and Chaim Świeczka.
126:, however, argues that the target of the Polish Endecja campaign was to improve the standard of living of Poles and to support Polish businesses. An economic conflict between Poles and Jews began, in which both sides used all means possible, including violence. At the same time, the
206:
rocks at each other, and the police had to divide their forces into two groups. One was busy dispersing the peasants, while another one was trying to restrain the Jews, who kept on throwing rocks. When the police seemed to have settled the situation, a Jewish member of the
157:
were on alert, ready to intervene. Jewish merchants of Przytyk, a town with a 90% Jewish majority, hoped that the early spring fair would help to improve their financial situation, but the armosphere in the town was tense, according to the official report of the
210:
movement, Szulim Chil Leska, began shooting at Poles from the window of a house. Leska killed a peasant named Stanisław Wieśniak.Two other Poles were shot as well. This infuriated the Polish crowd of some 1,000, which the police were unable to control.
68:. The term pogrom is contested by some sources, who are asserting that the word "riot" might be more suitable as the violence was unplanned and some Polish historians hold the opinion that the Jewish side might have started the disturbance.
174:
Two days before the events some of the Jewish inhabitants assembled in the town square in anticipation of the attack by the farmers, but nothing happened on that day. Two days later, however, on a market day, according to historians
1108:
Postponement of the hearing till Friday, when witnesses speak of the first, morning assault on a hatter's stall by a group of young Jews including Icek Banda and his two brothers. Archived from the original on August 14,
138:, Icek Frydman. Frydman organized military training for its members. The group was armed with illegally purchased guns, iron bars, and batons. Their task was to mobilize Jewish community in case of a violent conflict.
1431:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 145/1936. June 25, 1936. p. 3. – The lawyers Petruszewicz and Szumanski were the first in the courtroom to call the events in Przytyk a pogrom. Even the Jewish lawyers didn't say that.
1213:: Goniec Częstochowski nr 139/1936. June 18, 1936. p. 3. – On the request of prosecution, the courts questioned also three constables ... the Case postponed till Wednesday, when deliberations will likely end.
1062:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 135/1936. June 1936. p. 2. – The confronting of the accused does not help. The Jewish witnesses for the defense want to blame, but fail to recognize, and point out the perpetrators.
131:
violence, with activists urging Poles to stop buying at Jewish stores. In response, Jewish merchants begun flooding the market with their goods, pushing prices down so that newcomers couldn't compete with them.
1106:
Original: Dnia 24go marca świadek Gawryś M. zeznał, że rozpoznaje chłopca, który go uderzył kamieniem, ale nie rozpoznał nikogo z ludzi z którymi go wówczas skonfrontowano. Dziś zaś rozpoznaje czterech...
118:(National Democracy) politicians. A boycott of Jewish shops was organized, and escalated into a wave of violent attacks on Jewish shops, which resulted in the creation of a Jewish self-defense group.
1498:
219:
to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs, claims as follows: "The incident turned out into such a serious riot only after the Jews used guns, killing Wieśniak, which caused further bloody events".
271:
horrified the Polish Jewish population, as well as Jews around the world, and contributed to significant emigration from Poland of Jews. A one-day nationwide strike, supported by left-wing parties
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56:, on March 9, 1936. Previously, on January 28, authorities had suspended the weekly market for four weeks because of the fear of violence from the violent anti-Semitic Endek (sic,
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806:"The beginning of a grand court case – about the bloody riots in Przytyk. Jews shooting pistols, villagers responded with (horse-cart) stanchions. – Jews on the provoking side"
1215:
Original: Na wniosek prokuratora, sąd przesłuchał dodatkowo trzech posterunkowych ... rozprawę przerwano do środy. W dniu tym przewód sądowy zostanie prawdopodobnie zakończony
1250:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 140/1936. June 19, 1936. p. 4. – The accused Jozef Olszewski claims that, similar to the accused Pytlewski's, Zajda blames him out of spite.
1353:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 143/1936. June 23, 1936. pp. 2–3. – The accued Leska stressed that in the rabbinical school they don't even teach them the Polish language.
638:
535:
1104:): On 24 March the witness testified that he recognized the boy who hit him with the stone, but did not recognize other people shown to him. Today he recognized four...
202:, the cause of the riots was a fight over a stall, Pruszynski noting that one likely cause for these events was extreme poverty of both local sides of the conflict.
428:
Problematyka żydowska na łamach prasy akademickiej w okresie międzywojennym Agnieszka Graboń Małopolskie Centrum Doskonalenia Nauczycieli w Krakowie, 2008 page 119
1100:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 136/1936. June 14, 1936. p. 4. – Questioning of Gawryś Minkowski, age 16, the oldest son of murdered Józef Minkowski and his wife (
1596:
1581:
808:[Początek wielkiego procesu o krwawe zajscia w Przytyku. Żydzi strzelali z rewolwerów, wieśniacy odpowiadali kłonicami. – Żydzi stroną zaczepną.]
1143:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 137/1936. June 16, 1936. pp. 2–3. – To the Jews, it mattered most that their prices collapsed as a result of the boycott.
708:
365:
1064:
Original: Konfrontacje nie udają się w procesie w Przytyku. Świadkowie oskarżenia Żydzi chcą obciążyć oskarżonych, ale nie mogą ich wskazać i rozpoznać
1601:
123:
716:
64:, and attracted worldwide attention, being one of a series of pogroms that occurred in Poland during the years immediately before the outbreak of
1380:"The court case for the events in Przytyk is coming to an end. – The defense for the accused Jews has assured: Jews in Poland are there to stay"
1556:
1433:
Original: Adwokaci Petruszewicz i Szumanski pierwsi na tej sali określili zajścia przytyckie jako pogrom. Nie zrobili tego nawet adwokaci Żydzi
1468:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 146/1936. June 26, 1936. pp. 3–4. – Jews as well as Christians ask in their final statements to be exonerated.
762:
404:
474:
361:
134:
In December 1935, a group of some 20 young Jews created their own armed and illegal self-defense unit, headed by a former officer of the
49:
1252:
Original: oskarżony Józef Olszewski wyjaśnia, że podobnie jak oskarżonego Pytlewskiego również i jego Zajda wskazuje przez złośliwość
591:
506:
1170:"Would there be a crime scene investigation in Przytyk? Conclusions of prosecution and defense in the court case for bloody riot"
573:
1394:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 144/1936. June 24, 1936. pp. 2–3. – The court case is scheduled to end on Wednesday or Thursday.
1551:
419:"Two Jews Killed In Poland Rioting", Jewish Telegraphic Agency report, March 9, 1936, in The New York Times, March 10, 1936.
437:
Między dwoma światami: Żydzi w polskiej kulturze ludowej Ewa Banasiewicz-Ossowska Polskie Tow. Ludoznawcze, 2007, page 33
850:[Drugi dzień procesu o zajścia w Przytyku. Oskarżeni chrześcijanie odmawiają zeznań. Żydzi wypierają się winy.]
207:
538:[With razor blades on the edge: There were at least several dozen anti-Jewish pogroms in Poland in the 1930s].
114:
579:
Poland's holocaust: ethnic strife, collaboration with occupying forces and genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947
820:: Na ławie oskarżonych zasiadło 57 osób w tem 14 Żydów. Świadków jest obecnie 359 ... nikt do winy się nie poczuwa.
1586:
1279:[W procesie przytyckim przewód sądowy skończony. W piątek przemówienie prokuratora i powodów cywilnych.]
926:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 130 (131)/1936. June 7–8, 1936. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 2016-08-14.
1172:[Czy dojdzie do wizji lokalnej w Przytyku? Wnioski prokuratora i obrońców w procesie o krwawe zajścia.]
1591:
994:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 133/1936. June 10, 1936. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
960:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 132/1936. June 9, 1936. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
892:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 130/1936. June 6, 1936. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
858:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 129/1936. June 5, 1936. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
720:
252:, writing about "two human victims" at Przytyk. Gontarczyk claims in his book that among Jewish newspapers in
326:
1566:
1320:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 142/1936. June 21, 1936. p. 4. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
1287:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 141/1936. June 20, 1936. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
1180:: Goniec Częstochowski nr 138/1936. June 17, 1936. p. 3. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
1028:: Goniec Częstochowski Nr 134/1936. June 11, 1936. p. 3. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
757:] (in Polish). Oficyna Wydawnicza Rekonkwista (lit. 'Reconquest Publishing House'). pp. 70, 193.
583:
396:
276:
127:
53:
1277:"In Przytyk process court proceedings are finished; on Friday, statements of prosecution and the defense"
179:
and David Vital, the farmers attacked the Jews; the fight ended with two Jewish and one Polish casualty.
1576:
848:"Second day of the Przytyk events court case. The accused Christians refuse to testify. Jews deny guilt"
1384:
Proces o zajścia w Przytyku dobiega końca – "Żydzi w Polsce pozostaną," woła adwokat oskarżonych Żydów.
916:"Eyewitness testimonies in the Przytyk events court case. Killing of villager the cause for the events"
191:
which belonged to a Polish hat-maker. Police intervened, but on the same day, at 15:00, a member of
95:
90:
85:
1571:
280:
109:
1312:[Strzały Żydów w Przytyku – zapoczątkowały dalsze krwawe zajścia – stwierdza prokurator.]
1310:"Shots fired by the Jews in Przytyk – caused the subsequent bloody riots – stated the prosecution"
1242:[Nienawiść żydow do Polaków. Ujawniają zeznania oskarżonych o krwawe zajścia w Przytyku.]
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publicly mentioned the riot, accusing local government and police of supporting the peasants. As
199:
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536:"Z żyletkami na sztorc: Antyżydowskich pogromów było w Polsce lat 30. co najmniej kilkadziesiąt"
1522:
918:[Zeznania świadków w procesie o zajścia w Przytyku. Zabicie wieśniaka powodem zajść.]
758:
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Original: oskarżony Leska podkreślił, że w szkole rabinackiej nawet nie uczą języka polskiego
577:
390:
260:
stated that Jews were responsible for the riots, as it was a Jew who first killed a peasant.
1240:"Jewish hatred for the Poles; testimonies of accused of the bloody riots in Przytyk" reveal"
279:
was organized, and in other parts of the country, street fights took place. In June 1936 in
236:
183:
119:
464:. Monographs of the Hebrew Union College 19. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1997.
142:
77:
61:
1470:
Original: ... zarówno Żydzi jak i chrześcijanie w ostatniem słowie proszą o uniewinnienie
240:
among Jewish diaspora. Furthermore, Kraków daily "Nowy Dziennik" published an article of
357:
188:
176:
1545:
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1135:[Z procesu o zajścia w Przytyku. Świadkowie odciążają oskarżonych Polaków.]
950:"Eyewitness testimonies in the Przytyk events court case. Day five of deliberations"
755:
Pogrom? Polish-Jewish incidents in Przytyk on March 9, 1936: myths, facts, documents
750:
Pogrom?: zajścia polsko-żydowskie w Przytyku 9 marca 1936 r.: mity, fakty, dokumenty
284:
232:
65:
45:
1020:[Jak Żydzi bili i strzelali; opowiadają świadkowie w procesie przytyckim]
1133:"From the case for the Przytyk events. The witnesses exonerate the accused Poles"
245:
135:
112:, writes that local peasants were stirred by antisemitic propaganda spread by
17:
1145:
Original: Żydom najwięcej chodziło o to, że ceny im pospadały wskutek bojkotu
1018:"How the Jews beat up and fired shots, testify eyewitnesses in Przytyk case"
392:
The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War
952:[Zeznania świadków w procesie przytyckim. Piąty dzień rozprawy.]
687:
1513:
daily. Year 1936. Online catalogue: Scans of all available issues].
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41:
1345:[Przemówienie prokuratora i obrony – w procesie przytyckim.]
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1343:"Speeches by prosecution and by the defense in the Przytyk process"
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1460:[Wyrok w procesie przytyckim ogłoszony będzie w piątek.]
1054:[Z procesu o zajścia w Przytyku. Chybione konfrontacje.]
787:
Complete set of the Przytyk Case Court Reports published in the
327:"1936: Pogrom Erupts in Przytyk, for Which Jews Would Be Blamed"
241:
149:
37:
1458:"Sentences in the Przytyk court case to be announced on Friday"
659:
Przytyk Pogrom, The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
1423:[Dalsze przemówienia obrony w procesie przytyckim.]
1205:[Wszyscy świadkowie zbadani w procesie przytyckim.]
1396:
Original: Zakończenie procesu nastąpi w środę lub czwartek
1092:[Dzien rewelacyj w procesie o zajscia w Przytyku]
1090:"Day of revelations in the process for the Przytyk events"
542:(in Polish). No. 13.2011 (2800). Warsaw. p. 66
1517:. 2016. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017.
1357: . Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
1254: . Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
1052:"From the Przytyk process. The confronting has failed"
986:[Co mówią świadkowie z procesu przytyckiego.]
40:
occurred between the Polish and Jewish communities in
884:[Trzeci dzień procesu o zajścia w Przytyku.]
615:""Przytyk i stragan" - reportaż, W.Literackie, 1936"
1203:"All witnesses examined in the Przytyk court case"
461:No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry 1935-1939
1562:History of the Jews in the Second Polish Republic
1421:"Further defense speeches in the Przytyk process"
984:"What do eyewitnesses say in the Przytyk process"
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688:History of Jews in Mińsk Mazowiecki (in Polish)
475:"Historia społeczności | Wirtualny Sztetl"
248:, in which he for the first time used the word
499:A people apart: the Jews in Europe, 1789-1939
8:
882:"Third day of the Przytyk events court case"
1066:. Archived from the original on 2016-08-14.
709:"Our Town Is Burning (Undzer shtetl brent)"
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366:POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews
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231:Four days earlier, on March 12, Senator
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717:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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1582:Riots and civil disorder in Poland
362:"Historia społeczności żydowskiej"
25:
617:. Retropress.pl. 22 November 2014
501:, Oxford University Press, 1999,
94:
89:
84:
1602:History of Masovian Voivodeship
641:. Polityka.pl. 22 February 2018
1597:Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939)
534:Osęka, Piotr (25 March 2011).
446:Gontarczyk (2000), pp. 70, 193
325:Green, David B. (2016-03-09).
1:
1557:Anti-Jewish pogroms in Europe
698:Gontarczyk (2000), pp. 78-83
678:Gontarczyk (2000), pp. 69-83
669:Gontarczyk (2000), pp. 65-68
521:Gontarczyk (2000), pp. 28-36
303:in 1938 about this pogrom.
1618:
1515:Częstochowa Public Library
747:Gontarczyk, Piotr (2000).
477:(in Polish). Sztetl.org.pl
101:Jewish cemetery in Przytyk
198:According to a report by
560:Gontarczyk (2000), p. 58
639:"Z żyletkami na sztorc"
584:McFarland & Company
1552:Antisemitism in Poland
713:Music of the Holocaust
397:Henry Holt and Company
128:Second Polish Republic
54:Second Polish Republic
719:. n.d. Archived from
283:, after Jan Bujak, a
1511:Goniec Częstochowski
1501:Goniec Częstochowski
789:Goniec Częstochowski
794:
574:Piotrowski, Tadeusz
511:Google Print, p.784
122:, historian at the
110:Tel Aviv University
785:
586:. pp. 42–43.
301:Mordechai Gebirtig
200:Ksawery Pruszynski
143:interbellum period
50:Kielce Voivodeship
1587:March 1936 events
1538:
1537:
764:978-83-86379-62-0
458:Melzer, Emanuel.
406:978-0-03-062416-2
287:of the local 7th
182:Polish historian
108:, a historian of
102:
16:(Redirected from
1609:
1532:
1526:
1518:
1505:Dostępne numery.
1487:
1481:
1473:
1463:
1450:
1444:
1436:
1426:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1389:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1348:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1282:
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1208:
1195:
1189:
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1156:
1148:
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1110:
1095:
1081:
1075:
1067:
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1043:
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1029:
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1009:
1003:
995:
989:
975:
969:
961:
955:
941:
935:
927:
921:
907:
901:
893:
887:
873:
867:
859:
853:
839:
833:
825:
811:
795:
791:daily, June 1936
784:
775:
773:
771:
733:
732:
730:
728:
705:
699:
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690:
685:
679:
676:
670:
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561:
558:
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531:
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471:
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447:
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438:
435:
429:
426:
420:
417:
411:
410:
383:
370:
369:
354:
341:
340:
338:
337:
322:
281:Mińsk Mazowiecki
237:Piotr Gontarczyk
184:Piotr Gontarczyk
120:Piotr Gontarczyk
100:
98:
93:
88:
21:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1592:1936 in Judaism
1542:
1541:
1519:
1497:
1492:
1474:
1461:
1456:
1437:
1424:
1419:
1400:
1387:
1378:
1359:
1346:
1341:
1322:
1313:
1308:
1289:
1280:
1275:
1256:
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1206:
1201:
1182:
1173:
1168:
1149:
1136:
1131:
1111:
1093:
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1068:
1055:
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919:
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826:
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783:
781:Further reading
778:
769:
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736:
726:
724:
723:on 27 July 2009
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387:Gilbert, Martin
385:
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356:
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344:
335:
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324:
323:
314:
309:
299:was written by
225:
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103:
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78:interwar period
74:
62:interwar period
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1599:
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1579:
1574:
1569:
1567:1936 in Poland
1564:
1559:
1554:
1544:
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1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1494:
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1489:
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1196:
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497:Vital, David.
487:
466:
448:
439:
430:
421:
412:
405:
399:. p. 51.
371:
358:Virtual Shtetl
342:
311:
310:
308:
305:
295:The poem/song
224:
221:
177:Martin Gilbert
171:
168:
147:kazimierzowski
83:
73:
70:
24:
18:Przytyk Pogrom
14:
13:
10:
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3:
2:
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593:07-86-40371-3
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507:0-19-820805-7
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364:(in Polish).
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267:News of this
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27:
19:
1577:Radom County
1539:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1469:
1453:
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1383:
1375:
1354:
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1084:
1063:
1046:
1012:
978:
944:
910:
876:
842:
817:
800:
788:
786:
768:. Retrieved
754:
749:
740:Bibliography
725:. Retrieved
721:the original
712:
703:
694:
683:
674:
665:
654:
643:. Retrieved
619:. Retrieved
609:
597:. Retrieved
578:
556:
544:. Retrieved
539:
517:
498:
479:. Retrieved
469:
460:
442:
433:
424:
415:
391:
334:. Retrieved
330:
294:
285:Wachtmeister
266:
262:
233:Moses Schorr
230:
226:
213:
204:
197:
181:
173:
146:
145:, an annual
140:
133:
113:
104:
75:
66:World War II
46:Radom County
30:
28:
26:
1102:translation
246:Ozjasz Thon
136:Polish Army
106:David Vital
36:or Przytyk
1572:1936 riots
1546:Categories
1503:rok 1936.
645:2022-04-18
621:2022-04-18
481:2022-04-18
336:2018-05-19
307:References
153:police at
72:Background
1478:cite news
1441:cite news
1404:cite news
1363:cite news
1326:cite news
1293:cite news
1260:cite news
1223:cite news
1186:cite news
1153:cite news
1115:cite news
1072:cite news
1034:cite news
1000:cite news
966:cite news
932:cite news
898:cite news
864:cite news
830:cite news
599:22 August
254:Palestine
223:Aftermath
1523:cite web
818:Original
576:(1998).
540:Polityka
389:(1986).
360:(2017).
208:Mizrachi
170:The riot
31:Przytyk
770:2 March
727:26 July
546:2 March
331:Haaretz
297:S'brent
256:, only
244:deputy
193:Endecja
160:voivode
141:In the
115:Endecja
76:In the
58:Endecja
42:Przytyk
1454:Day 19
1417:Day 18
1386:]
1376:Day 17
1339:Day 16
1306:Day 15
1273:Day 14
1236:Day 13
1199:Day 12
1166:Day 11
1128:Day 10
761:
590:
505:
403:
269:pogrom
250:pogrom
217:Kielce
164:Kielce
33:pogrom
1509:[
1466:Radom
1462:(PDF)
1429:Radom
1425:(PDF)
1392:Radom
1388:(PDF)
1382:[
1351:Radom
1347:(PDF)
1318:Radom
1314:(PDF)
1285:Radom
1281:(PDF)
1248:Radom
1244:(PDF)
1211:Radom
1207:(PDF)
1178:Radom
1174:(PDF)
1141:Radom
1137:(PDF)
1109:2016.
1098:Radom
1094:(PDF)
1085:Day 9
1060:Radom
1056:(PDF)
1047:Day 8
1026:Radom
1022:(PDF)
1013:Day 7
992:Radom
988:(PDF)
979:Day 6
958:Radom
954:(PDF)
945:Day 5
924:Radom
920:(PDF)
911:Day 4
890:Radom
886:(PDF)
877:Day 3
856:Radom
852:(PDF)
843:Day 2
814:Radom
810:(PDF)
801:Day 1
753:[
289:Uhlan
258:Davar
189:stall
155:Radom
38:riots
1529:link
1484:link
1447:link
1410:link
1369:link
1332:link
1299:link
1266:link
1229:link
1192:link
1159:link
1121:link
1078:link
1040:link
1006:link
972:link
938:link
904:link
870:link
836:link
772:2013
759:ISBN
729:2009
601:2021
588:ISBN
548:2013
503:ISBN
401:ISBN
275:and
273:Bund
242:Sejm
150:fair
29:The
1130:.
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277:PPS
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