137:
116:
1420:
739:
883:
1514:
1489:
1407:
1509:
1484:
576:"Isotopic Discrimination of Resource Partitioning among Ungulates in C3-Dominated Communities from the Miocene of Florida and California"
876:
1479:
844:
432:
747:
136:
869:
331:
indicate that it was a lightweight horse, weighing up to 90 pounds (40 kilograms). In 2005, fossils were unearthed in
861:
789:
377:
1474:
694:"Cenozoic Mammalian Herbivores from the Americas: Reconstructing Ancient Diets and Terrestrial Communities"
1375:
769:
1519:
1499:
1446:
1275:
1504:
587:
524:
461:
324:
1282:
1494:
241:
1241:
1040:
998:
977:
801:
721:
666:
619:
611:
556:
548:
493:
485:
381:
131:
513:"Late Neogene Neohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas"
416:
400:
340:
1451:
970:
450:"Early Pliocene Horses from Late Pleistocene Fluvial Deposits, Gulf Coastal Plain, South Texas"
1433:
1425:
1298:
1227:
939:
840:
793:
713:
674:
658:
603:
540:
477:
428:
1438:
1192:
1012:
832:
820:
785:
705:
650:
595:
532:
469:
420:
373:
836:
424:
1268:
115:
825:(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains"
405:(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains"
591:
528:
465:
1185:
1178:
1051:
933:
188:
1468:
1335:
1067:
1019:
805:
560:
497:
385:
316:
73:
709:
623:
1292:
1220:
1206:
1169:
1151:
1088:
1060:
279:
221:
639:"Ancient Diets, Ecology, and Extinction of 5-Million-Year-Old Horses from Florida"
1398:
654:
1321:
1305:
1248:
1158:
1074:
991:
323:. They were herding animals whose diet consisted of C3 plants. Fossils found in
48:
34:
339:
are known from the fossil record which were very small, following the trend of
1349:
1328:
1123:
1116:
1102:
1095:
1081:
1033:
1005:
984:
536:
473:
93:
58:
30:
797:
717:
662:
607:
544:
481:
1342:
1213:
1199:
1109:
1026:
963:
148:
98:
42:
768:
Hulbert, Richard C.; Czaplewski, Nicholas J.; Webb, S. David (2005-09-30).
678:
1392:
956:
927:
915:
332:
168:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
364:(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Hemphillian of Oklahoma and Florida".
1412:
1134:
893:
670:
638:
615:
575:
552:
512:
489:
449:
360:
Hulbert, R. C.; Czaplewski, N. J.; Webb, S. D. (2005). "New records of
328:
320:
208:
198:
103:
78:
774:(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Hemphillian of Oklahoma and Florida"
725:
693:
1315:
1259:
921:
909:
178:
158:
1369:
599:
744:
Exploring
Georgia's Fossil Record & Our History of Paleontology
312:
308:
637:
MacFadden, Bruce J.; Solounias, Nikos; Cerling, Thure E. (1999).
1373:
865:
790:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:nropsm]2.0.co;2
378:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:NROPSM]2.0.CO;2
831:, Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, pp. 237β272,
740:"19A; Two Small Primitive Horses from Taylor County"
1382:
1258:
1168:
1133:
1050:
948:
399:S.D. Webb, Richard C. Hulbert; Hulbert (Jan 1986).
574:Feranec, Robert S.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2006).
877:
8:
819:David Webb, S.; Hulbert, Richard C. (1986),
1370:
1143:
1139:
884:
870:
862:
114:
20:
126:skull, Museo di Paleontologia di Firenze
698:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
352:
837:10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237
829:Vertebrates, Phylogeny, and Philosophy
425:10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237
7:
778:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
366:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
1515:Taxa named by Florentino Ameghino
1490:Miocene mammals of North America
135:
710:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.33
401:"Systematics and evolution of
1:
1510:Fossil taxa described in 1904
821:"Systematics and evolution of
1485:Prehistoric placental genera
692:MacFadden, Bruce J. (2000).
655:10.1126/science.283.5403.824
511:Hulbert, Richard C. (1987).
294:Webb and Hulbert, Jr., 1986
288:Webb and Hulbert, Jr., 1986
272:Webb and Hulbert, Jr., 1986
1536:
1146:
1142:
904:
537:10.1017/S0022336000029152
474:10.1017/S0022336000033308
254:
249:
132:Scientific classification
130:
122:
113:
23:
16:Extinct genus of mammals
899:, arranged by subfamily
772:Pseudhipparion simpsoni
517:Journal of Paleontology
454:Journal of Paleontology
448:Baskin, Jon A. (1991).
362:Pseudhipparion simpsoni
124:Pseudhipparion retrusum
1480:Miocene Perissodactyla
409:Rocky Mountain Geology
1447:Paleobiology Database
592:2006Pbio...32..191F
529:1987JPal...61..809H
466:1991JPal...65..995B
335:. Seven species of
892:Extinct genera of
1462:
1461:
1434:Open Tree of Life
1376:Taxon identifiers
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1228:Proboscidipparion
898:
649:(5403): 824β827.
300:
299:
245:
1527:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1428:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1371:
1276:Heteropliohippus
1193:Eurygnathohippus
1144:
1140:
1013:Propalaeotherium
896:
886:
879:
872:
863:
856:
855:
854:
853:
816:
810:
809:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
746:. Archived from
736:
730:
729:
689:
683:
682:
634:
628:
627:
571:
565:
564:
508:
502:
501:
445:
439:
438:
396:
390:
389:
357:
240:
233:
220:
140:
139:
118:
108:
45:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1378:
1368:
1355:
1269:Haringtonhippus
1254:
1164:
1129:
1046:
944:
900:
890:
860:
859:
851:
849:
847:
818:
817:
813:
770:"New records of
767:
766:
762:
753:
751:
738:
737:
733:
691:
690:
686:
636:
635:
631:
600:10.1666/05006.1
573:
572:
568:
510:
509:
505:
460:(6): 995β1006.
447:
446:
442:
435:
398:
397:
393:
359:
358:
354:
349:
341:Bergmann's rule
239:
231:
218:
134:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
41:15.97β5.3
40:
39:
37:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:Miocene horses
1467:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1404:
1388:
1386:
1384:Pseudhipparion
1380:
1379:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1287:
1286:
1283:Parapliohippus
1279:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1235:Pseudhipparion
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1186:Cormohipparion
1182:
1179:Cremohipparion
1174:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1052:Anchitheriinae
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
952:
950:
946:
945:
943:
942:
940:Perissodactyla
936:
934:Laurasiatheria
930:
924:
918:
912:
905:
902:
901:
897:(Horse family)
891:
889:
888:
881:
874:
866:
858:
857:
845:
823:Pseudhipparion
811:
784:(3): 737β740.
760:
731:
684:
629:
586:(2): 191β205.
566:
523:(4): 809β830.
503:
440:
433:
403:Pseudhipparion
391:
351:
350:
348:
345:
337:Pseudhipparion
311:of three-toed
307:is an extinct
304:Pseudhipparion
298:
297:
296:
295:
289:
283:
278:(Cope, 1889) (
273:
267:
261:
258:P. curtivallum
252:
251:
247:
246:
236:Pseudhipparion
229:
225:
224:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
189:Perissodactyla
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
28:
25:Pseudhipparion
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1532:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1068:Archaeohippus
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1020:Protorohippus
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
980:
979:
975:
973:
972:
968:
966:
965:
961:
959:
958:
954:
953:
951:
947:
941:
937:
935:
931:
929:
925:
923:
919:
917:
913:
911:
907:
906:
903:
895:
887:
882:
880:
875:
873:
868:
867:
864:
848:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
824:
815:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
773:
764:
761:
750:on 2021-06-27
749:
745:
741:
735:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
570:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
507:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
444:
441:
436:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
404:
395:
392:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
356:
353:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:North America
314:
310:
306:
305:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
277:
274:
271:
268:
266:(Leidy, 1869)
265:
262:
260:(Quinn, 1955)
259:
256:
255:
253:
248:
243:
238:
237:
230:
227:
226:
223:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1520:Hipparionini
1500:Clarendonian
1383:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1297:
1293:Protohippina
1290:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1247:
1242:Shanxihippus
1240:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1221:Neohipparion
1219:
1212:
1207:Hippotherium
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:Hipparionini
1157:
1152:Acritohippus
1150:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1089:Kalobatippus
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1061:Anchitherium
1059:
1041:Xenicohippus
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
999:Heptaconodon
997:
990:
983:
978:Ghazijhippus
976:
969:
962:
955:
850:, retrieved
828:
822:
814:
781:
777:
771:
763:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
743:
734:
701:
697:
687:
646:
642:
632:
583:
580:Paleobiology
579:
569:
520:
516:
506:
457:
453:
443:
412:
408:
402:
394:
369:
365:
361:
355:
336:
303:
302:
301:
291:
285:
275:
269:
263:
257:
235:
234:
222:Hipparionini
123:
24:
18:
1505:Hemphillian
1322:Astrohippus
1306:Protohippus
1249:Sivalhippus
1159:Merychippus
1075:Desmatippus
992:Haplohippus
949:Basal forms
932:Superorder
926:Infraclass
319:during the
315:endemic to
292:P. skinneri
286:P. simpsoni
276:P. retrusum
205:Subfamily:
35:Hemphillian
1495:Barstovian
1469:Categories
1350:Pliohippus
1329:Dinohippus
1124:Sinohippus
1117:Parahippus
1103:Mesohippus
1096:Megahippus
1082:Hypohippus
1034:Sifrhippus
1006:Pliolophus
985:Eurohippus
852:2022-09-01
846:0941570029
754:2021-06-27
434:0941570029
372:(3): 737.
347:References
31:Barstovian
1399:Q16947144
1343:Hippidion
1314:Subtribe
1291:Subtribe
1214:Nannippus
1200:Hipparion
1110:Miohippus
1027:Orohippus
971:Erihippus
964:Epihippus
806:129964988
798:0272-4634
718:0066-4162
704:: 33β59.
663:0036-8075
608:0094-8373
561:130745896
545:0022-3360
498:131564565
482:0022-3360
386:129964988
270:P. hessei
264:P. gratum
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
1393:Wikidata
1299:Calippus
957:Eohippus
928:Eutheria
922:Mammalia
916:Chordata
910:Animalia
908:Kingdom
624:86226812
333:Oklahoma
250:Species
242:Ameghino
195:Family:
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
1439:3614919
1426:1226035
1413:4830531
1135:Equinae
914:Phylum
894:Equidae
679:9933161
671:2897243
643:Science
616:4096995
588:Bibcode
553:1305291
525:Bibcode
490:1305832
462:Bibcode
417:237β272
329:Florida
325:Georgia
321:Miocene
228:Genus:
215:Tribe:
209:Equinae
199:Equidae
185:Order:
175:Class:
1316:Equina
1260:Equini
938:Order
920:Class
843:
804:
796:
726:221724
724:
716:
677:
669:
661:
622:
614:
606:
559:
551:
543:
496:
488:
480:
431:
384:
244:, 1904
1452:43022
1421:IRMNG
1336:Equus
802:S2CID
722:JSTOR
667:JSTOR
620:S2CID
612:JSTOR
557:S2CID
549:JSTOR
494:S2CID
486:JSTOR
382:S2CID
313:horse
309:genus
1408:GBIF
841:ISBN
794:ISSN
714:ISSN
675:PMID
659:ISSN
604:ISSN
541:ISSN
478:ISSN
429:ISBN
327:and
280:type
49:Preκ
833:doi
786:doi
706:doi
651:doi
647:283
596:doi
533:doi
470:doi
421:doi
374:doi
1471::
1449::
1436::
1423::
1410::
1395::
1319::
1296::
839:,
827:,
800:.
792:.
782:25
780:.
776:.
742:.
720:.
712:.
702:31
700:.
696:.
673:.
665:.
657:.
645:.
641:.
618:.
610:.
602:.
594:.
584:32
582:.
578:.
555:.
547:.
539:.
531:.
521:61
519:.
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