263:
692:), pointed towards the apex; they are orange-colored. The internal structure of the arms is made of chambers; one large chamber towards the outside, and typically three smaller chambers on the inside of the arm. The gleba is commonly found on the upper two-thirds of the inside surface of the arms, and is dark green and slimy. The fetid odor of the gleba, described by one author as comparable to "fresh pig manure", attracts insects that help to disperse the spores.
582:
33:
46:
183:
299:
282:
247:
232:
217:
198:
624:. The stipe itself does not extend past the volva, and is hollow, thin-walled, chambered, wrinkled, and flares towards the upper end. The color of the stipe is white or grayish-white; it is 1 to 3.5 cm (
898:
are considered to be edible (or even delicacies) in the immature egg stage; however, the foul smell of stinkhorns at maturity would likely deter most individuals from eating them.
405:, as he was not satisfied with the quality of his original description. Despite his doubts on the validity of his description, his original naming is both legitimate and has
1044:
1750:
1814:
1659:
1464:
330:, because of its fetid odor, and its three or four upright "arms" which are connected at the top. The malodorous smell comes from the dark greenish slimy
1853:
1711:
182:
1529:
1435:
986:
927:
1608:
1583:
1371:
1343:
1259:
452:, Dring in 1973 considered the genera to be distinct. Up until the appearance of an extensive study published in 1980, 13 different
1917:
1889:
810:
It is thought to have been introduced from southeast Asia to North
America, where it can be found from May to September. In the
1927:
364:
1932:
360:
45:
682:
to 5 in), and wrinkled on the side bearing the gleba. The arms, which are joined at the top, are shaped like a
1077:
Fischer E. (1900). "Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden
Entwicklungsgeschichte und Systematik der Phalloideen. III".
1755:
1010:
Fischer E. (1890). "Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden
Entwicklungsgeschichte und Systematik der Phalloideen. I".
811:
658:
to 1 in) thick at the widest diameter. The three or four arms extending from the stipe average 3.6 cm (
376:
1947:
1937:
777:
in gardens or for landscaping; Blanton has also reported it growing in a garden "solitary and very large".
1922:
1627:
1452:
406:
140:
1894:
1881:
1845:
1765:
1703:
1685:
1079:
Neue
Denkschriften der allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fรผr die gesammten Naturwissenschaften
1012:
Neue
Denkschriften der allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fรผr die gesammten Naturwissenschaften
827:
1546:
1307:
1281:
1170:
1106:
397:
based on a single specimen found on Java, and a year later
Fischer amended the name of his original
729:
435:
386:
1573:
1942:
1194:
1132:
1038:
716:
417:
161:
40:
581:
570:). As the fungus matures, the fruiting body cracks open and forms a stalk with tapering arms, a
32:
1827:
1773:
1672:
1604:
1579:
1525:
1431:
1367:
1339:
1255:
992:
982:
923:
919:
888:
223:
1333:
1778:
1500:
1186:
1124:
947:
851:
749:
745:
share a common stem, and the immature egg-form is gray or grayish brown, rather than white.
621:
571:
564:
to 1 in) diameter; the top surface is broken into small regions by cracks or crevices (
253:
894:
547:
1388:
1364:
Mushrooms of North
America in Color: a Field Guide Companion to Seldom-illustrated Fungi
1840:
1698:
855:
800:
457:
372:
87:
1231:
Cunningham GH. (1931). "The
Gasteromycetes of Australia. XI. The Phallales, part II".
334:
covering the inside faces of the arms, and attracts insects that help to disperse the
1911:
1819:
1664:
839:
453:
77:
1250:
Dring DM. (1973). "Gasteromycetes". In
Ainsworth GC, Sparrow FK, Sussman AS (eds.).
737:
in that it has 3 or 4 arms that extend upwards and join at the top. However, unlike
1677:
1190:
859:
766:
355:
The first appearance of this species in the literature was in 1890, under the name
289:
1832:
1805:
1724:
843:
823:
796:
688:
422:
381:
343:
323:
269:
117:
1650:
554:, grayish-brown to pale gray in color, with dimensions of 0.5 to 2.5 cm (
996:
976:
847:
815:
770:
319:
107:
1115:
863:
831:
784:
783:
has been collected from a variety of locations worldwide, including Europe,
566:
551:
368:
97:
57:
1866:
1799:
1737:
1644:
867:
444:
237:
208:
188:
157:
322:, a family well known for a remarkable range of fruit body types. It is
1858:
1716:
1419:
1198:
1136:
835:
819:
762:
712:
704:
1729:
700:
1871:
1742:
871:
804:
67:
1621:
1505:
1484:
1128:
620: in) in height, with arms that are 2โ5 times the length of the
1522:
An
Illustrated Guide to Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America
1427:
788:
774:
708:
696:
683:
580:
575:
335:
331:
204:
1366:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 140โ1.
886:
is not recommended for consumption. Some related species such as
1690:
941:
939:
792:
390:
1625:
761:
This species grows scattered or in groups on disturbed soil in
347:
and has been found in the United States, Australia, and Asia.
1465:
Bulletin de l'Association Mycologique de l'Ouest de la France
385:โnot published with an adequate description. However, it was
1603:. New York, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 30โ1.
430:. The first North American description of this species (as
1551:
in Connecticut and its distribution in the United States"
1578:. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. p. 346.
363:
wrote a description based on a painting he found in the
592:
The mature fruiting body is typically 3 to 6 cm (
585:
Mature fruiting bodies and bisected immature "egg" of
341:
It is the most widely distributed member of the genus
1338:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 40.
1233:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
981:. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books. p. 262.
456:
had been used in the literature to name the species.
1789:
1634:
672: in) in length (ranging from 1 to 13 cm (
296:
279:
259:
244:
229:
214:
195:
176:
1212:Johnson MM. (1929). "The Gasteromycetae of Ohio".
978:Fungi of Aotearoa: a curious forager's field guide
1489:, an uncommon stinkhorn new to Turkish mycobiota"
1058:Penzig O. (1899). "รber javanische Phalloideen".
1357:
1355:
1150:Lloyd CG. (1907). "Concerning the phalloides".
1031:The Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand
715:, the spore-bearing cells, are attached to 6โ8
442:. Although Cunningham (1931) revised the genus
1275:
1273:
1271:
1335:Mushrooms of Hawai'i: An Identification Guide
1254:. Vol. IVB. London, UK: Academic Press.
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
648: in) in height, and 0.5 to 2.5 cm (
426:, and reduced several species to synonyms of
8:
707:), with dimensions of 4.5โ5.5 by 2โ2.5
391:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
438:; Johnson later (1929) transferred this to
1622:
1524:. Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd. p. 158.
1043:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
20:
1575:A Field Guide to Mushrooms, North America
1504:
1060:Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg
818:in 1915; since then it has been found in
240:attachment is irregular or not applicable
906:
393:. In 1899 Penzig described the species
1414:
1412:
1036:
173:
1314:. Species Fungorum. CAB International
7:
1882:52ce71b5-f6ca-40b7-9266-4306b4d39098
1766:333385ef-d3c5-4c71-9d72-73d97a1b6562
882:Although not considered poisonous,
525:(Lloyd) Sacc. & Traverso (1910)
483:(Berk. ex E.Fisch.) E.Fisch. (1893)
975:Sisson, Liv; Vigus, Paula (2023).
14:
1601:VNR Color Dictionary of Mushrooms
1572:McKnight VB, McKnight KH (1987).
460:lists the following synonyms of
297:
280:
261:
245:
230:
215:
196:
181:
44:
1332:Hemmes DE, Desjardin D (2002).
1252:The Fungi; an Advanced Treatise
1214:Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin
379:considered this naming to be a
365:Paris Museum of Natural History
318:is a stinkhorn mushroom in the
1191:10.1080/00275514.1916.12018877
769:. It is also found growing on
574:, and a spore mass known as a
375:of Australia and New Zealand,
1:
753:has more tentacle-like arms.
550:resemble egg- or pear-shaped
1280:Blanton RL, Burk WR (1980).
916:Fungal Families of the World
870:; it has also been found in
814:, it was first collected in
440:Pseudocollus schellenbergiae
914:Cannon PF, Kirk PM (2007).
537:(Sumst.) M.M.Johnson (1929)
535:Pseudocolus schellenbergiae
189:Mycological characteristics
1964:
1483:Akata I, Doฤan HH (2011).
1424:Mushrooms of North America
1387:Kuo M. (September 2006).
812:continental United States
803:, the United States, and
377:Gordon Herriot Cunningham
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1111:, new to North Carolina"
946:Meyers R. (March 2004).
757:Habitat and distribution
495:(E.Fisch.) Yasuda (1916)
489:Berk. ex E.Fisch. (1893)
420:described the new genus
1918:Fungi described in 1890
1308:"GSD Species Synonymy:
1033:. Dunedin, New Zealand.
1029:Cunningham GH. (1944).
703:, smooth, translucent (
389:under the rules of the
1928:Fungi of North America
1636:Pseudocolus fusiformis
1487:Pseudocolus fusiformis
1455:Pseudocolus fusiformis
1310:Pseudocolus fusiformis
1284:Pseudocolus fusiformis
1109:Pseudocolus fusiformis
950:Pseudocolus fusiformis
781:Pseudocolus fusiformis
727:The stinkhorn species
589:
513:(Penz.) G.Cunn. (1931)
448:to include members of
428:Pseudocolus fusiformis
315:Pseudocolus fusiformis
178:Pseudocolus fusiformis
150:Pseudocolus fusiformis
25:Pseudocolus fusiformis
1549:Pseudocolus javanicus
1169:Sumstine DR. (1916).
584:
529:Colus schellenbergiae
505:Pseudocolus javanicus
432:Colus schellenbergiae
1362:Bessette A. (1995).
1105:Blanton RL. (1976).
507:(Penz.) Lloyd (1907)
1451:Ouvrard G. (2016).
1391:Clathrus columnatus
918:. Wallingford, UK:
733:somewhat resembles
730:Clathrus columnatus
436:David Ross Sumstine
1933:Fungi of Australia
1312:(E. Fisch.) Lloyd"
1175:from Pennsylvania"
1171:"A new species of
956:MushroomExpert.Com
884:P. fusiformis
743:P. fusiformis
739:C. columnatus
735:P. fusiformis
699:are elliptical or
590:
587:P. fusiformis
517:Pseudocolus rothae
511:Anthurus javanicus
493:Pseudocolus rothae
462:P. fusiformis
418:Curtis Gates Lloyd
132:P. fusiformis
1905:
1904:
1774:Open Tree of Life
1628:Taxon identifiers
1599:Lucas J. (1982).
1545:Burk WR. (1976).
1531:978-0-681-45384-5
1520:Kibby G. (1994).
1437:978-0-593-31998-7
1152:Mycological Notes
988:978-1-76104-787-9
929:978-0-85199-827-5
920:CAB International
889:Phallus impudicus
434:) was in 1916 by
411:C. javanicus
311:
310:
171:Species of fungus
169:
168:
16:Species of fungus
1955:
1898:
1897:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1791:Colus fusiformis
1782:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1667:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1277:
1266:
1265:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1102:
1087:
1086:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1007:
1001:
1000:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
943:
934:
933:
911:
750:Clathrus archeri
681:
680:
676:
671:
670:
666:
663:
657:
656:
652:
647:
646:
642:
639:
633:
632:
628:
619:
618:
614:
611:
605:
604:
600:
597:
563:
562:
558:
469:Colus fusiformis
399:Colus fusiformis
357:Colus fusiformis
301:
300:
284:
283:
265:
264:
249:
248:
234:
233:
219:
218:
200:
199:
185:
174:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1630:
1618:
1611:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1506:10.5248/115.259
1482:
1481:
1477:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1430:. p. 117.
1418:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1397:Mushroom Expert
1386:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1279:
1278:
1269:
1262:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1129:10.2307/3758756
1104:
1103:
1090:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1009:
1008:
1004:
989:
974:
973:
969:
960:
958:
945:
944:
937:
930:
922:. p. 271.
913:
912:
908:
904:
895:Mutinus caninus
880:
759:
725:
723:Similar species
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
661:
659:
654:
650:
649:
644:
640:
637:
635:
630:
626:
625:
616:
612:
609:
607:
602:
598:
595:
593:
560:
556:
555:
548:fruiting bodies
544:
499:Colus javanicus
481:Anthurus rothae
471:E.Fisch. (1891)
403:Colus javanicus
395:Colus javanicus
353:
298:
281:
266:
262:
246:
231:
216:
197:
191:
186:
172:
165:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1948:Fungus species
1945:
1940:
1938:Inedible fungi
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1886:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1837:
1824:
1811:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1760:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1591:
1584:
1564:
1537:
1530:
1512:
1475:
1443:
1436:
1408:
1379:
1372:
1351:
1344:
1324:
1299:
1267:
1260:
1242:
1223:
1204:
1161:
1142:
1088:
1069:
1050:
1021:
1002:
987:
967:
935:
928:
905:
903:
900:
879:
876:
856:North Carolina
801:Reunion Island
758:
755:
741:, the arms of
724:
721:
543:
540:
539:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
458:Index Fungorum
373:Gasteromycetes
367:. In his 1944
361:Eduard Fischer
352:
349:
309:
308:
302:
294:
293:
285:
277:
276:
267:
260:
257:
256:
250:
242:
241:
235:
227:
226:
220:
212:
211:
201:
193:
192:
187:
180:
170:
167:
166:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Agaricomycetes
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:Fungi of Asia
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1610:0-442-21998-9
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1585:0-395-91090-0
1581:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1456:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1373:0-8156-0323-1
1369:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:1-58008-339-0
1341:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1325:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:0-12-045604-4
1257:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1220:(7): 273โ352.
1219:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:(6): 1235โ9.
1122:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:(in German).
1080:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1062:(in German).
1061:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1014:(in German).
1013:
1006:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
984:
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288:
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130:
118:
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1725:iNaturalist
878:Inedibility
844:Mississippi
824:Connecticut
797:Philippines
542:Description
450:Pseudocolus
423:Pseudocolus
382:nomen nudum
344:Pseudocolus
287:Ecology is
274:olive-brown
270:Spore print
119:Pseudocolus
1912:Categories
1499:: 259โ62.
1402:2011-07-11
1318:2016-02-19
1282:"Notes on
1239:: 182โ200.
997:1372569849
961:2011-07-11
902:References
848:New Jersey
816:Pittsburgh
771:wood chips
763:coniferous
689:lanceolate
320:Phallaceae
108:Phallaceae
74:Division:
1943:Phallales
1806:Q59548763
1555:Mycotaxon
1493:Mycotaxon
1290:Mycotaxon
1179:Mycologia
1158:: 349โ64.
1116:Mycologia
1066:: 133โ73.
1039:cite book
864:Tennessee
832:Louisiana
785:Australia
552:puffballs
546:Immature
454:binomials
416:In 1907,
369:monograph
126:Species:
98:Phallales
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1867:MycoBank
1841:Fungorum
1820:60030957
1815:AusFungi
1800:Wikidata
1738:MycoBank
1699:Fungorum
1665:60030953
1660:AusFungi
1651:Q7254684
1645:Wikidata
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1018:: 1โ103.
868:Virginia
852:New York
773:used as
719:spores.
567:areolate
445:Anthurus
407:priority
351:Taxonomy
324:commonly
306:inedible
252:Lacks a
238:Hymenium
209:hymenium
158:E.Fisch.
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1859:5239494
1717:2524071
1691:6663296
1420:Audubon
1199:3753202
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828:Georgia
820:Alabama
717:sessile
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359:, when
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1895:723506
1879:NZOR:
1872:201219
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164:(1909)
1890:WoRMS
1756:68807
1678:6WF9G
1460:(PDF)
1428:Knopf
1195:JSTOR
1173:Colus
1133:JSTOR
789:Japan
775:mulch
701:ovoid
684:lance
622:stipe
576:gleba
572:volva
409:over
387:valid
332:gleba
254:stipe
162:Lloyd
68:Fungi
1854:GBIF
1833:XD2X
1751:NCBI
1712:GBIF
1605:ISBN
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1432:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1256:ISBN
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993:OCLC
983:ISBN
924:ISBN
793:Java
695:The
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