1424:(1957) that, "correlational psychology, though fully as old as experimentation, was slower to mature. It qualifies equally as a discipline, however, because it asks a distinctive type of question and has technical methods of examining whether the question has been properly put and the data properly interpreted." He would go on to say, "The correlation method, for its part, can study what man has not learned to control or can never hope to control ... A true federation of the disciplines is required. Kept independent, they can give only wrong answers or no answers at all regarding certain important problems."
1237:
or her score on a university test and then be compared reliably with a high school student's knowledge deduced from a less difficult test. Scores derived by classical test theory do not have this characteristic, and assessment of actual ability (rather than ability relative to other test-takers) must be assessed by comparing scores to those of a "norm group" randomly selected from the population. In fact, all measures derived from classical test theory are dependent on the sample tested, while, in principle, those derived from item response theory are not.
6732:
1129:. These methods allow statistically sophisticated models to be fitted to data and tested to determine if they are adequate fits. Because at a granular level psychometric research is concerned with the extent and nature of multidimensionality in each of the items of interest, a relatively new procedure known as bi-factor analysis can be helpful. Bi-factor analysis can decompose "an item's systematic variance in terms of, ideally, two sources, a general factor and one source of additional systematic variance."
980:
estimating sensory events. Although its chair and other members were physicists, the committee also included several psychologists. The committee's report highlighted the importance of the definition of measurement. While
Stevens's response was to propose a new definition, which has had considerable influence in the field, this was by no means the only response to the report. Another, notably different, response was to accept the classical definition, as reflected in the following statement:
6718:
72:
809:. The book described different characteristics that people possess and how those characteristics make some more "fit" than others. Today these differences, such as sensory and motor functioning (reaction time, visual acuity, and physical strength), are important domains of scientific psychology. Much of the early theoretical and applied work in psychometrics was undertaken in an attempt to measure
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categories to promote educational evaluations that are proper, useful, feasible, and accurate. In these sets of standards, validity and reliability considerations are covered under the accuracy topic. For example, the student accuracy standards help ensure that student evaluations will provide sound, accurate, and credible information about student learning and performance.
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predict performance in college; and even behavior that occurred in the past, for example, when a test of current psychological symptoms is used to predict the occurrence of past victimization (which would accurately represent postdiction). When the criterion measure is collected at the same time as the measure being validated the goal is to establish
976:. Although widely adopted, this definition differs in important respects from the more classical definition of measurement adopted in the physical sciences, namely that scientific measurement entails "the estimation or discovery of the ratio of some magnitude of a quantitative attribute to a unit of the same attribute" (p. 358)
837:. Around the same time that Darwin, Galton, and Cattell were making their discoveries, Herbart was also interested in "unlocking the mysteries of human consciousness" through the scientific method. Herbart was responsible for creating mathematical models of the mind, which were influential in educational practices for years to come.
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differ among themselves and how they possess characteristics that are more or less adaptive to their environment. Those with more adaptive characteristics are more likely to survive to procreate and give rise to another generation. Those with less adaptive characteristics are less likely. These ideas
887:
made a historical and epistemological assessment of the impact of statistical thinking on psychology during previous few decades: "in the last decades, the specifically psychological thinking has been almost completely suppressed and removed, and replaced by a statistical thinking. Precisely here we
1236:
and responses to test items. Among other advantages, IRT provides a basis for obtaining an estimate of the location of a test-taker on a given latent trait as well as the standard error of measurement of that location. For example, a university student's knowledge of history can be deduced from his
1280:
cover essential topics in testing including validity, reliability/errors of measurement, and fairness in testing. The book also establishes standards related to testing operations including test design and development, scores, scales, norms, score linking, cut scores, test administration, scoring,
984:
Measurement in psychology and physics are in no sense different. Physicists can measure when they can find the operations by which they may meet the necessary criteria; psychologists have to do the same. They need not worry about the mysterious differences between the meaning of measurement in the
1005:
are employed, numbers are not assigned based on a rule. Instead, in keeping with Reese's statement above, specific criteria for measurement are stated, and the goal is to construct procedures or operations that provide data that meet the relevant criteria. Measurements are estimated based on the
1194:
refers to the extent to which a test or scale predicts a sample of behavior, i.e., the criterion, that is "external to the measuring instrument itself." That external sample of behavior can be many things including another test; college grade point average as when the high school SAT is used to
1336:
Each publication presents and elaborates a set of standards for use in a variety of educational settings. The standards provide guidelines for designing, implementing, assessing, and improving the identified form of evaluation. Each of the standards has been placed in one of four fundamental
979:
Indeed, Stevens's definition of measurement was put forward in response to the
British Ferguson Committee, whose chair, A. Ferguson, was a physicist. The committee was appointed in 1932 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science to investigate the possibility of quantitatively
1357:, have argued that such definition and quantification is difficult, and that such measurements are often misused by laymen, such as with personality tests used in employment procedures. The Standards for Educational and Psychological Measurement gives the following statement on
1219:
is a demonstration that the items of a test do an adequate job of covering the domain being measured. In a personnel selection example, test content is based on a defined statement or set of statements of knowledge, skill, ability, or other characteristics obtained from a
1261:
and making overall judgments about the quality of any test as a whole within a given context. A consideration of concern in many applied research settings is whether or not the metric of a given psychological inventory is meaningful or arbitrary.
1145:. A reliable measure is one that measures a construct consistently across time, individuals, and situations. A valid measure is one that measures what it is intended to measure. Reliability is necessary, but not sufficient, for validity.
1361:: "validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests". Simply put, a test is not valid unless it is used and interpreted in the way it is intended.
1068:. Attitudes have also been studied extensively using psychometric approaches. An alternative method involves the application of unfolding measurement models, the most general being the Hyperbolic Cosine Model (Andrich & Luo, 1993).
1113:
is an approach to finding objects that are like each other. Factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis are all multivariate descriptive methods used to distill from large amounts of data simpler structures.
699:
Practitioners are described as psychometricians, although not all who engage in psychometric research go by this title. Psychometricians usually possess specific qualifications, such as degrees or certifications, and most are
993:
are typically employed on the premise that numbers, such as raw scores derived from assessments, are measurements. Such approaches implicitly entail
Stevens's definition of measurement, which requires only that numbers are
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el pensamiento psicologico especifico, en las ultima decadas, fue suprimido y eliminado casi totalmente, siendo sustituido por un pensamiento estadistico. Precisamente aqui vemos el cĂĄncer de la testologĂa y testomania de
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1615:
668:. Psychometrics generally covers specialized fields within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and related activities. Psychometrics is concerned with the objective measurement of
907:. These latent constructs cannot truly be measured, and much of the research and science in this discipline has been developed in an attempt to measure these constructs as close to the true score as possible.
2033:
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Schonfeld, I.S., Verkuilen, J. & Bianchi, R. (2019). An exploratory structural equation modeling bi-factor analytic approach to uncovering what burnout, depression, and anxiety scales measure.
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expanded upon the knowledge he gleaned from
Herbart and Weber, to devise the law that the strength of a sensation grows as the logarithm of the stimulus intensity. A follower of Weber and Fechner,
1052:. There has been a range of theoretical approaches to conceptualizing and measuring personality, though there is no widely agreed upon theory. Some of the better-known instruments include the
1148:
Both reliability and validity can be assessed statistically. Consistency over repeated measures of the same test can be assessed with the
Pearson correlation coefficient, and is often called
1270:
In 2014, the
American Educational Research Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA), and National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) published a revision of the
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for measurement. The development of the Rasch model, and the broader class of models to which it belongs, was explicitly founded on requirements of measurement in the physical sciences.
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according to some rule. The main research task, then, is generally considered to be the discovery of associations between scores, and of factors posited to underlie such associations.
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797:. Darwin described the role of natural selection in the emergence, over time, of different populations of species of plants and animals. The book showed how individual members of a
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with advanced graduate training in psychometrics and measurement theory. In addition to traditional academic institutions, practitioners also work for organizations such as the
1619:
1095:, a method of determining the underlying dimensions of data. One of the main challenges faced by users of factor analysis is a lack of consensus on appropriate procedures for
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2765:. Copenhagen, Danish Institute for Educational Research), expanded edition (1980) with foreword and afterword by B.D. Wright. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
1982:. Copenhagen, Danish Institute for Educational Research, expanded edition (1980) with foreword and afterword by B.D. Wright. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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Internal consistency, which addresses the homogeneity of a single test form, may be assessed by correlating performance on two halves of a test, which is termed
6358:
1448:. Nonetheless, there are some advocators for a more gradual transition between the approach taken for humans and the approach taken for (non-human) animals.
644:
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Reese, T.W. (1943). The application of the theory of physical measurement to the measurement of psychological magnitudes, with three experimental examples.
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Reese, T.W. (1943). The application of the theory of physical measurement to the measurement of psychological magnitudes, with three experimental examples.
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Psychometricians have also developed methods for working with large matrices of correlations and covariances. Techniques in this general tradition include:
791:
Charles Darwin was the inspiration behind Sir
Francis Galton, a scientist who advanced the development of psychometrics. In 1859, Darwin published his book
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1084:(IRT). An approach that seems mathematically to be similar to IRT but also quite distinctive, in terms of its origins and features, is represented by the
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stimulated Galton's interest in the study of human beings and how they differ one from another and, more importantly, how to measure those differences.
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and their psychophysical measurements of a similar construct. The second set of individuals and their research is what has led to the development of
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built upon
Herbart's work and tried to prove the existence of a psychological threshold, saying that a minimum stimulus was necessary to activate a
356:
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This article is about the theory and technique of measurement of psychological attributes. For research design and methodology in psychology, see
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of any test. However, professional and practitioner associations frequently have placed these concerns within broader contexts when developing
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is credited with founding the science of psychology. It is Wundt's influence that paved the way for others to develop psychological testing.
966:, is that measurement is "the assignment of numerals to objects or events according to some rule." This definition was introduced in a 1946
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American
Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (1999)
2315:"Author guidelines for reporting scale development and validation results in the Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research]"
867:, founder and first president of the Psychometric Society, developed and applied a theoretical approach to measurement referred to as the
2110:
Rodriguez, A., Reise, S. P., & Haviland, M. G. (2016). Evaluating bifactor models: Calculating and interpreting statistical indices.
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abilities, attitudes, traits, and educational evolution. Notably, the study of behavior, mental processes, and abilities of non-human
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reporting, score interpretation, test documentation, and rights and responsibilities of test takers and test users. Finally, the
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wrote of the measure: "Most personality psychologists regard the MBTI as little more than an elaborate
Chinese fortune cookie."
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drop below one because the original sphere shrinks. The lack of the cutting points concerns other multivariate methods, also.
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2005:
Zwick, William R.; Velicer, Wayne F. (1986). "Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain".
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to correspond to the correlation between two full-length tests. Perhaps the most commonly used index of reliability is
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King, James E & Figueredo, Aurelio Jose (1997). "The five-factor model plus dominance in chimpanzee personality".
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Humphreys, L.G. (1987). "Psychometrics considerations in the evaluation of intraspecies differences in intelligence".
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The definition of measurement in the social sciences has a long history. A current widespread definition, proposed by
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Locurto, C. & Scanlon, C (1987). "Individual differences and spatial learning factor in two strains of mice".
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These divergent responses are reflected in alternative approaches to measurement. For example, methods based on
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has been mostly unrelated to the case of humans and non-human animals, with specific approaches in the area of
1408:(MBTI), however, has questionable validity and has been the subject of much criticism. Psychometric specialist
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712:. Some psychometric researchers focus on the construction and validation of assessment instruments, including
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879:. In addition, Spearman and Thurstone both made important contributions to the theory and application of
813:. Galton often referred to as "the father of psychometrics," devised and included mental tests among his
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825:, and is responsible for research and knowledge that ultimately led to the development of modern tests.
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1353:, there has been controversy about some psychometric measures. Critics, including practitioners in the
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Thurstone, L.L. (1929). The Measurement of Psychological Value. In T.V. Smith and W.K. Wright (Eds.),
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Michell, Joel (August 1997). "Quantitative science and the definition of measurement in psychology".
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821:, a pioneer in the field of psychometrics, went on to extend Galton's work. Cattell coined the term
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1187:, which is the ratio of variance of measurements of a given target to the variance of all targets.
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is a method for finding a simple representation for data with a large number of latent dimensions.
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1404:, two factors that make tests consistent and accurate reflections of the underlying construct.
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883:, a statistical method developed and used extensively in psychometrics. In the late 1950s,
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Psychometricians have developed a number of different measurement theories. These include
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models, and tests are conducted to ascertain whether the relevant criteria have been met.
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Similarly, the equivalence of different versions of the same measure can be indexed by a
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Andrich, D. & Luo, G. (1993). A hyperbolic cosine latent trait model for unfolding
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Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Understanding Concepts and Applications.
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Stern, Theodore A.; Fava, Maurizio; Wilens, Timothy E.; Rosenbaum, Jerrold F. (2016).
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based on what is observed from individuals' responses to items on tests and scales.
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Essays in Philosophy by Seventeen Doctors of Philosophy of the University of Chicago
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1719:. Huber, Bern und Stuttgart, 2nd edition. Ch.27, From the Spanish translation, B)II
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The Personnel Evaluation Standards: How to Assess Systems for Evaluating Educators.
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1019:
1018:. One early approach to measuring intelligence was the test developed in France by
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3923:
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3300:
2291:
1574:
1514:
1350:
1085:
1002:
927:
665:
429:
136:
71:
2732:
2704:"A hyperbolic cosine model for unfolding dichotomous single-stimulus responses"
2620:"Universal Psychometrics: Measuring Cognitive Abilities in the Machine Kingdom"
2018:
5521:
5001:
4701:
4632:
4582:
4557:
4477:
4260:
4095:
3893:
3750:
3641:
3479:
3238:
2558:
2531:
2395:
1919:. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale. p. 1000.
1470:
1310:
768:
661:
331:
227:
63:
2756:
48:. For the mathematical modeling of psychological theories and phenomena, see
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4941:
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4833:
4798:
4295:
4080:
3986:
3266:
3256:
3223:
3212:
3119:
3030:
2477:
1940:
751:
Psychological testing has come from two streams of thought: the first, from
479:
2812:
2604:
2375:
1773:
1444:, or with a continuum between non-human animals and the rest of animals by
1276:, which describes standards for test development, evaluation, and use. The
3681:
2858:(1997). "Past imperfect, future conditional: fifty years of test theory".
1943:
single-stimulus responses. Applied Psychological Measurement, 17, 253â276.
891:
More recently, psychometric theory has been applied in the measurement of
5190:
4808:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4647:
4011:
4006:
3966:
3271:
2292:
The Student Evaluation Standards: How to Improve Evaluations of Students.
2077:
DeMars, C. E. (2013). A tutorial on interpreting bi-factor model scores.
871:, an approach that has close connections to the psychophysical theory of
833:
The origin of psychometrics also has connections to the related field of
504:
499:
459:
2673:
The Measure of All Minds: Evaluating Natural and Artificial Intelligence
2491:
Cronbach, L. J. (1957). "The two disciplines of scientific psychology".
2131:
2115:
1213:
if it is related to measures of other constructs as required by theory.
672:
that cannot be directly observed. Examples of latent constructs include
6695:
6396:
3296:
3085:
2647:
2180:
Blanton, H., & Jaccard, J. (2006). Arbitrary metrics in psychology.
1540:
List of international databases on individual student achievement tests
798:
3080:
1183:
of all possible split-half coefficients. Other approaches include the
6617:
5598:
5572:
5552:
4803:
4594:
3286:
3276:
2833:
2777:
2504:
1830:
900:
910:
Figures who made significant contributions to psychometrics include
763:, on the measurement of individual differences and the second, from
2924:
Measuring the Mind: Conceptual Issues in Contemporary Psychometrics
2314:
2224:
3291:
3090:
776:
688:. The levels of individuals on nonobservable latent variables are
2783:
Stevens, S. S. (1946). "On the theory of scales of measurement".
2267:
Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. (1994).
2245:
Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. (1988).
1201:; when the criterion is collected later the goal is to establish
731:. Others focus on research relating to measurement theory (e.g.,
4537:
4026:
1870:
Massachusetts General Hospital comprehensive clinical psychiatry
1180:
519:
34:, the measurement of the heat and water vapor properties of air.
6506:
6073:
5820:
5119:
4889:
4506:
4450:
3452:
3123:
2763:
Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests
2618:
J. HernĂĄndez-Orallo; D.L. Dowe; M.V. HernĂĄndez-Lloreda (2013).
1980:
Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests
1253:
typically are viewed as essential elements for determining the
2545:
Eysenck, H.J. (1987). "The several meanings of intelligence".
1451:
The evaluation of abilities, traits and learning evolution of
1125:
represent more sophisticated approaches to working with large
4446:
3448:
2424:
Aleksandrowicz JW, Klasa K, SobaĆski JA, Stolarska D (2009).
1717:
Das zweite Buch: Lehrbuch der Experimentellen Triebdiagnostik
1396:. Some of these tests are helpful because they have adequate
2364:. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
2094:
Reise, S. P. (2012). The rediscovery of bi-factor modeling.
1670:
Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues.
1014:
The first psychometric instruments were designed to measure
2377:
Measurement theory and applications for the social sciences
2289:
Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. (2003).
1688:
Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues
2949:
Foundations of Psychological Testing: A Practical Approach
2860:
British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology
2820:
Thurstone, L.L. (1927). "A law of comparative judgement".
2221:"Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation"
2203:"The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing"
1742:(7 June 1946). "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement".
2082:
2066:
Structural Equation Modeling: Foundations and Extensions
1285:
cover topics related to testing applications, including
3076:
Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
3070:
3066:
APA Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
1321:
has published three sets of standards for evaluations.
1319:
Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
1001:
On the other hand, when measurement models such as the
888:
see the cancer of testology and testomania of today."
1037:.The French test was adapted for use in the U. S. by
6359:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
1690:(8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
1672:(8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
6666:
6603:
6556:
6519:
6474:
6456:
6423:
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6319:
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3320:
3211:
3160:
2362:
Standards for educational and psychological testing
1273:
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
1190:There are a number of different forms of validity.
37:For other uses of this term and similar terms, see
2881:"Cambridge just told me Big Data doesn't work yet"
2150:"Home â Educational Research Basics by Del Siegle"
1967:Item Response Theory: Principles and Applications.
3081:The Psychometrics Centre, University of Cambridge
1048:Another major focus in psychometrics has been on
27:Theory and technique of psychological measurement
3041:Comprehending Test Manuals: A Guide and Workbook
1459:. A more integrated approach, under the name of
958:Definition of measurement in the social sciences
5907:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
3086:Psychometric Society and Psychometrika homepage
2144:
2142:
2140:
1965:Hambleton, R.K., & Swaminathan, H. (1985).
1724:
2270:The Program Evaluation Standards, 2nd Edition.
2100:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2012.715555
1169:Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
1099:. A usual procedure is to stop factoring when
4462:
3464:
3135:
2426:"KON-2006 Neurotic Personality Questionnaire"
638:
8:
1699:Nunnally, J., & Berstein, I. H. (1994).
2946:Leslie A. Miller; Robert L. Lovler (2015).
2851:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
1952:Embretson, S.E., & Reise, S.P. (2000).
1686:Kaplan, R.M., & Saccuzzo, D.P. (2010).
1668:Kaplan, R.M., & Saccuzzo, D.P. (2010).
1390:Neurotic Personality Questionnaire KON-2006
1382:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
1054:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
664:concerned with the theory and technique of
6516:
6503:
6420:
6226:
6095:
6070:
5841:
5817:
5545:
5328:
5129:
5116:
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4516:
4503:
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4455:
4447:
3471:
3457:
3449:
3142:
3128:
3120:
2903:Scale Development: Theory and Applications
2408:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1900:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1137:Key concepts in classical test theory are
645:
631:
54:
2751:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2722:
2676:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2646:
2456:Personality and the fate of organizations
1329:(2nd edition) was published in 1994, and
3009:Rush AJ Jr; First MB; Blacker D (2008).
2433:Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
1171:for two half-tests is adjusted with the
1097:determining the number of latent factors
2336:Tabachnick, B.G.; Fidell, L.S. (2001).
1873:(Second ed.). London. p. 73.
1644:Tabachnick, B.G.; Fidell, L.S. (2001).
1607:
972:article in which Stevens proposed four
62:
6433:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
2401:
1954:Item Response Theory for Psychologists
1893:
1041:of Stanford University, and named the
6808:Educational assessment and evaluation
2991:The Handbook of Psychological Testing
1682:
1680:
1678:
7:
6743:
6443:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
2280:Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
2258:Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
2132:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000721
2116:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/met0000045
2096:Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47
2079:International Journal of Testing, 13
1639:
1637:
1287:psychological testing and assessment
1062:Personality and Preference Inventory
6755:
6038:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
3333:Fluid and crystallized intelligence
3244:Fluid and crystallized intelligence
3071:International Personality Item Pool
3015:. American Psychiatric Publishing.
2879:Sanford, David (18 November 2017).
1995:American Psychological Association.
1917:The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology
1364:Two types of tools used to measure
6133:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
4759:Pearson product-moment correlation
2872:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1997.tb01139.x
2702:Andrich, D. & Luo, G. (1993).
2593:Journal of Research in Personality
1915:Longe, Jacqueline L., ed. (2022).
1809:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02641.x
1376:. Examples of such tests are the:
1345:Because psychometrics is based on
1323:The Personnel Evaluation Standards
1295:educational testing and assessment
985:two sciences (Reese, 1943, p. 49).
25:
2711:Applied Psychological Measurement
2170:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
2035:Introduction to Social Psychology
2032:Singh, Manoj Kumar (2021-09-11).
1703:(3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
1550:List of schools for psychometrics
1394:Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
1173:SpearmanâBrown prediction formula
6754:
6742:
6730:
6717:
6716:
3680:
3428:
3012:Handbook of Psychiatric Measures
2970:Test Theory: A Unified Treatment
1473:
1331:The Student Evaluation Standards
1327:The Program Evaluation Standards
1232:models the relationship between
612:
70:
6392:Least-squares spectral analysis
3429:
3369:Evolution of human intelligence
2670:Hernåndez-Orallo, José (2017).
2302:Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.
1428:Non-human: animals and machines
1406:The MyersâBriggs Type Indicator
1060:(or "Big 5") and tools such as
5373:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
3091:London Psychometric Laboratory
1618:. 22 July 2017. Archived from
1347:latent psychological processes
1:
6686:Geographic information system
5902:Simultaneous equations models
3776:Industrial and organizational
3434:Outline of human intelligence
3338:Multiple-intelligences theory
2967:Roderick P. McDonald (2013).
2374:Bandalos, Deborah L. (2018).
1797:British Journal of Psychology
1545:List of psychometric software
1179:, which is equivalent to the
1026:. That test was known as the
863:In 1936, the psychometrician
805:Galton wrote a book entitled
357:Industrial and organizational
5869:Coefficient of determination
5480:Uniformly most powerful test
4017:Human factors and ergonomics
3384:Intelligence and environment
2805:10.1126/science.103.2684.677
2770:Psychological Monographs, 55
2639:10.1016/j.cogsys.2013.06.001
2128:Psychological Assessment, 31
1823:Psychological Monographs, 55
1766:10.1126/science.103.2684.677
1721:Las condiciones estadisticas
1158:equivalent forms reliability
1119:structural equation modeling
510:Human factors and ergonomics
39:Psychometry (disambiguation)
6438:Proportional hazards models
6382:Spectral density estimation
6364:Vector autoregression (VAR)
5798:Maximum posterior estimator
5030:Randomized controlled trial
3328:CattellâHornâCarroll theory
2900:Robert F. DeVellis (2016).
2460:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
2340:. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
2338:Using Multivariate Analysis
1648:. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
1646:Using Multivariate Analysis
1500:Computational psychometrics
1490:CattellâHornâCarroll theory
1066:MyersâBriggs Type Indicator
869:law of comparative judgment
706:Educational Testing Service
660:is a field of study within
6824:
6198:Multivariate distributions
4618:Average absolute deviation
2929:Cambridge University Press
2733:10.1177/014662169301700307
2627:Cognitive Systems Research
2313:E. Cabrera-Nguyen (2010).
2085:.1080/15305058.2013.799067
2019:10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.432
1463:, has also been proposed.
1192:Criterion-related validity
1010:Instruments and procedures
783:and standardized testing.
43:
36:
29:
6712:
6515:
6502:
6186:Structural equation model
6094:
6069:
5840:
5816:
5548:
5522:Score/Lagrange multiplier
5128:
5115:
4937:Sample size determination
4898:
4885:
4515:
4502:
4484:
4401:
3706:Applied behavior analysis
3678:
3486:
3424:
3112:Resources in your library
3038:Ann C Silverlake (2016).
2849:The Measurement of Values
2749:Measurement in Psychology
2559:10.1017/s0140525x00055060
2532:10.1017/s0140525x0005514x
2422:
2380:. New York. p. 261.
2190:American Psychologist, 61
2112:Psychological Methods, 21
2053:Multidimensional Scaling.
1341:Controversy and criticism
710:Psychological Corporation
287:Applied behavior analysis
6681:Environmental statistics
6203:Elliptical distributions
5996:Generalized linear model
5925:Simple linear regression
5695:HodgesâLehmann estimator
5152:Probability distribution
5061:Stochastic approximation
4623:Coefficient of variation
3044:. Taylor & Francis.
2921:Borsboom, Denny (2005).
2847:Thurstone, L.L. (1959).
2757:10.1017/CBO9780511490040
1847:Assessmentpsychology.com
1440:is usually addressed by
1432:Psychometrics addresses
1289:, workplace testing and
1150:test-retest reliability.
1107:Multidimensional scaling
794:On the Origin of Species
741:learning and development
46:Psychological statistics
30:Not to be confused with
6341:Cross-correlation (XCF)
5949:Non-standard predictors
5383:LehmannâScheffĂ© theorem
5056:Adaptive clinical trial
3982:Behavioral neuroscience
3546:Behavioral neuroscience
2761:Rasch, G. (1960/1980).
2166:Nunnally, J.C. (1978).
1991:Thompson, B.R. (2004).
1978:Rasch, G. (1960/1980).
1969:Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.
1580:Scale (social sciences)
1560:Quantitative psychology
1461:universal psychometrics
1457:artificial intelligence
1446:evolutionary psychology
1333:was published in 2003.
1325:was published in 1988,
1185:intra-class correlation
781:experimental psychology
686:educational achievement
475:Behavioral neuroscience
132:Behavioral neuroscience
50:Mathematical psychology
6737:Mathematics portal
6558:Engineering statistics
6466:NelsonâAalen estimator
6043:Analysis of covariance
5930:Ordinary least squares
5854:Pearson product-moment
5258:Statistical functional
5169:Empirical distribution
5002:Controlled experiments
4731:Frequency distribution
4509:Descriptive statistics
4032:Psychology of religion
3972:Behavioral engineering
3909:Human subject research
3565:Cognitive neuroscience
3531:Affective neuroscience
2844:. Chicago: Open Court.
2605:10.1006/jrpe.1997.2179
2007:Psychological Bulletin
1956:. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
1729:
1525:Educational psychology
1520:Educational assessment
1442:comparative psychology
1386:Rorschach Inkblot test
1315:educational evaluation
1245:The considerations of
1165:split-half reliability
1072:Theoretical approaches
1043:Stanford-Binet IQ test
737:intraclass correlation
525:Psychology of religion
465:Behavioral engineering
151:Cognitive neuroscience
117:Affective neuroscience
6798:Psychological testing
6653:Population statistics
6595:System identification
6329:Autocorrelation (ACF)
6257:Exponential smoothing
6171:Discriminant analysis
6166:Canonical correlation
6030:Partition of variance
5892:Regression validation
5736:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
5635:Likelihood-ratio test
5324:Frequentist inference
5236:Locationâscale family
5157:Sampling distribution
5122:Statistical inference
5089:Cross-sectional study
5076:Observational studies
5035:Randomized experiment
4864:Stem-and-leaf display
4666:Central limit theorem
4406:Wiktionary definition
3944:Self-report inventory
3939:Quantitative research
3262:Intelligence quotient
2952:. SAGE Publications.
2906:. SAGE Publications.
2493:American Psychologist
1570:Psychological testing
1495:Classical test theory
1421:American Psychologist
1078:classical test theory
974:levels of measurement
964:Stanley Smith Stevens
747:Historical foundation
694:mathematical modeling
619:Psychology portal
6793:Educational research
6576:Probabilistic design
6161:Principal components
6004:Exponential families
5956:Nonlinear regression
5935:General linear model
5897:Mixed effects models
5887:Errors and residuals
5864:Confounding variable
5766:Bayesian probability
5744:Van der Waerden test
5734:Ordered alternative
5499:Multiple comparisons
5378:RaoâBlackwellization
5341:Estimating equations
5297:Statistical distance
5015:Factorial experiment
4548:Arithmetic-Geometric
3934:Qualitative research
3889:Behavior epigenetics
3348:Three-stratum theory
2994:. Psychology Press.
2973:. Psychology Press.
2822:Psychological Review
2747:Michell, J. (1999).
2154:www.gifted.uconn.edu
2083:http://dx.doi.org/10
2038:. K.K. Publications.
1723:, p.396. Quotation:
1565:Psychometric Society
1535:Item response theory
1313:, and in particular
1305:Evaluation standards
1241:Standards of quality
1230:Item response theory
1167:; the value of this
1082:item response theory
905:academic achievement
873:Ernst Heinrich Weber
819:James McKeen Cattell
733:item response theory
6648:Official statistics
6571:Methods engineering
6252:Seasonal adjustment
6020:Poisson regressions
5940:Bayesian regression
5879:Regression analysis
5859:Partial correlation
5831:Regression analysis
5430:Prediction interval
5425:Likelihood interval
5415:Confidence interval
5407:Interval estimation
5368:Unbiased estimators
5186:Model specification
5066:Up-and-down designs
4754:Partial correlation
4710:Index of dispersion
4628:Interquartile range
4411:Wiktionary category
3977:Behavioral genetics
3949:Statistical surveys
3806:Occupational health
3541:Behavioral genetics
3321:Models and theories
2988:Paul Kline (2000).
2797:1946Sci...103..677S
2168:Psychometric theory
2156:. 17 February 2015.
2064:Kaplan, D. (2008).
1758:1946Sci...103..677S
1701:Psychometric theory
1374:projective measures
1301:and public policy.
1204:predictive validity
1198:concurrent validity
1160:or a similar term.
1154:Pearson correlation
1127:covariance matrices
1050:personality testing
991:covariance matrices
914:, Henry F. Kaiser,
739:) or specialize as
470:Behavioral genetics
387:Occupational health
127:Behavioral genetics
58:Part of a series on
6788:Applied psychology
6668:Spatial statistics
6548:Medical statistics
6448:First hitting time
6402:Whittle likelihood
6053:Degrees of freedom
6048:Multivariate ANOVA
5981:Heteroscedasticity
5793:Bayesian estimator
5758:Bayesian inference
5607:KolmogorovâSmirnov
5492:Randomization test
5462:Testing hypotheses
5435:Tolerance interval
5346:Maximum likelihood
5241:Exponential family
5174:Density estimation
5134:Statistical theory
5094:Natural experiment
5040:Scientific control
4957:Survey methodology
4643:Standard deviation
4383:Schools of thought
4286:Richard E. Nisbett
4166:Donald T. Campbell
3846:Sport and exercise
3374:Heritability of IQ
3151:Human intelligence
2507:– via EBSCO.
2297:2006-05-24 at the
2275:2006-02-22 at the
2253:2005-12-12 at the
2227:on 15 October 2009
2185:2006-05-10 at the
1555:Operationalisation
1378:Big Five Inventory
1366:personality traits
1299:program evaluation
1210:construct validity
587:Schools of thought
425:Sport and exercise
273:Applied psychology
18:Psychometric tests
6770:
6769:
6708:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6643:National accounts
6613:Actuarial science
6605:Social statistics
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6425:Survival function
6410:
6409:
6272:Granger causality
6113:Contingency table
6088:Survival analysis
6065:
6064:
6061:
6060:
5917:Linear regression
5812:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5783:Credible interval
5752:
5751:
5535:
5534:
5351:Method of moments
5220:Parametric family
5181:Statistical model
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5025:Random assignment
4947:Statistical power
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4726:Contingency table
4696:
4695:
4563:Generalized/power
4444:
4443:
4421:Wikimedia Commons
4348:Counseling topics
4311:Ronald C. Kessler
4301:Shelley E. Taylor
4226:Lawrence Kohlberg
4201:Stanley Schachter
4002:Consumer behavior
3884:Archival research
3652:Psycholinguistics
3536:Affective science
3446:
3445:
3362:Areas of research
3312:Visual processing
3229:Cognitive liberty
3098:Library resources
3051:978-1-351-97086-0
3022:978-1-58562-218-4
3001:978-0-415-21158-1
2980:978-1-135-67530-1
2959:978-1-4833-6927-3
2938:978-0-521-84463-5
2913:978-1-5063-4158-3
2683:978-1-107-15301-1
2469:978-0-8058-4142-8
2387:978-1-4625-3215-5
2347:978-0-321-05677-1
1752:(2684): 677â680.
1655:978-0-321-05677-1
1595:Standardized test
1590:School psychology
1505:Concept inventory
1481:Psychology portal
1355:physical sciences
1349:measured through
1297:, and testing in
1266:Testing standards
1058:Five-Factor Model
807:Hereditary Genius
670:latent constructs
655:
654:
552:Counseling topics
495:Consumer behavior
238:Psycholinguistics
122:Affective science
16:(Redirected from
6815:
6758:
6757:
6746:
6745:
6735:
6734:
6720:
6719:
6623:Crime statistics
6517:
6504:
6421:
6387:Fourier analysis
6374:Frequency domain
6354:
6301:
6267:Structural break
6227:
6176:Cluster analysis
6123:Log-linear model
6096:
6071:
6012:
5986:Homoscedasticity
5842:
5818:
5737:
5729:
5721:
5720:(KruskalâWallis)
5705:
5690:
5645:Cross validation
5630:
5612:AndersonâDarling
5559:
5546:
5517:Likelihood-ratio
5509:Parametric tests
5487:Permutation test
5470:1- & 2-tails
5361:Minimum distance
5333:Point estimation
5329:
5280:Optimal decision
5231:
5130:
5117:
5099:Quasi-experiment
5049:Adaptive designs
4900:
4887:
4764:Rank correlation
4526:
4517:
4504:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4448:
4378:Research methods
4321:Richard Davidson
4316:Joseph E. LeDoux
4191:George A. Miller
4181:David McClelland
4176:Herbert A. Simon
4076:Edward Thorndike
3899:Content analysis
3684:
3657:Psychophysiology
3473:
3466:
3459:
3450:
3432:
3431:
3353:Triarchic theory
3144:
3137:
3130:
3121:
3055:
3034:
3005:
2984:
2963:
2942:
2917:
2888:
2875:
2837:
2834:10.1037/h0070288
2816:
2791:(2684): 677â80.
2778:10.1037/h0061367
2744:
2726:
2724:10.1.1.1003.8107
2708:
2688:
2687:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2624:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2505:10.1037/h0043943
2488:
2482:
2481:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2399:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2309:
2303:
2287:
2281:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2223:. Archived from
2217:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2193:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2146:
2135:
2124:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2092:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1839:
1833:
1831:10.1037/h0061367
1819:
1813:
1812:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1736:
1730:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1585:School counselor
1510:Cronbach's alpha
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1309:In the field of
1216:Content validity
1207:. A measure has
1156:, and is called
1111:Cluster analysis
1036:
1028:Test Binet-Simon
944:Ledyard R Tucker
940:Frederic M. Lord
936:Johnson O'Connor
787:Victorian stream
682:mental disorders
647:
640:
633:
617:
616:
615:
582:Research methods
243:Psychophysiology
103:Basic psychology
74:
55:
21:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6729:
6700:
6662:
6599:
6585:quality control
6552:
6534:Clinical trials
6511:
6486:
6470:
6458:Hazard function
6452:
6406:
6368:
6352:
6315:
6311:BreuschâGodfrey
6299:
6276:
6216:
6191:Factor analysis
6137:
6118:Graphical model
6090:
6057:
6024:
6010:
5990:
5944:
5911:
5873:
5836:
5835:
5804:
5748:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5703:
5688:
5667:Rank statistics
5661:
5640:Model selection
5628:
5586:Goodness of fit
5580:
5557:
5531:
5503:
5456:
5401:
5390:Median unbiased
5318:
5229:
5162:Order statistic
5124:
5103:
5070:
5044:
4996:
4951:
4894:
4892:Data collection
4873:
4785:
4740:
4714:
4692:
4652:
4604:
4521:Continuous data
4511:
4498:
4480:
4475:
4445:
4440:
4397:
4373:Psychotherapies
4334:
4291:Martin Seligman
4256:Daniel Kahneman
4196:Richard Lazarus
4146:Raymond Cattell
4050:
4041:
4040:
4039:
3953:
3865:
3692:
3685:
3676:
3637:Neuropsychology
3517:
3510:
3482:
3477:
3447:
3442:
3420:
3357:
3316:
3282:Problem solving
3216:
3207:
3156:
3148:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3062:
3052:
3037:
3023:
3008:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2966:
2960:
2945:
2939:
2920:
2914:
2899:
2896:
2894:Further reading
2891:
2878:
2854:
2819:
2782:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2574:Behav Brain Sci
2571:
2570:
2566:
2547:Behav Brain Sci
2544:
2543:
2539:
2520:Behav Brain Sci
2517:
2516:
2512:
2499:(11): 671â684.
2490:
2489:
2485:
2470:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2400:
2388:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2299:Wayback Machine
2288:
2284:
2277:Wayback Machine
2266:
2262:
2255:Wayback Machine
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:Wayback Machine
2178:
2174:
2165:
2161:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2125:
2121:
2109:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2076:
2072:
2068:, 2nd ed. Sage.
2063:
2059:
2047:
2043:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1843:"Psychometrics"
1841:
1840:
1836:
1820:
1816:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1530:Factor analysis
1479:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1430:
1370:objective tests
1343:
1307:
1268:
1243:
1135:
1117:More recently,
1093:factor analysis
1074:
1030:
1012:
960:
932:Eugene Galanter
924:E. L. Thorndike
920:L. L. Thurstone
881:factor analysis
865:L. L. Thurstone
861:
847:. After Weber,
831:
789:
749:
743:professionals.
651:
613:
611:
604:
603:
602:
601:
577:Psychotherapies
545:
535:
534:
455:
447:
446:
445:
444:
275:
265:
264:
263:
262:
223:Neuropsychology
105:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6821:
6819:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6775:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6752:
6740:
6726:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6609:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6531:
6529:Bioinformatics
6525:
6523:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6462:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6429:
6427:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6334:partial (PACF)
6325:
6323:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6282:
6281:Specific tests
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6233:
6231:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6183:
6181:Classification
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6147:
6145:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6128:McNemar's test
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6104:
6102:
6092:
6091:
6074:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5966:Semiparametric
5963:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5850:
5848:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5762:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5731:
5723:
5707:
5704:(MannâWhitney)
5699:
5698:
5697:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5671:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5637:
5632:
5629:(ShapiroâWilk)
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5570:
5561:
5549:
5543:
5541:Specific tests
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5337:
5335:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4992:Standard error
4989:
4984:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4922:Optimal design
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4761:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4719:Summary tables
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4553:Contraharmonic
4550:
4545:
4534:
4532:
4523:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:Roy Baumeister
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4266:Michael Posner
4263:
4258:
4253:
4251:Elliot Aronson
4248:
4246:Walter Mischel
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4211:Albert Bandura
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Leon Festinger
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4156:Neal E. Miller
4153:
4151:Abraham Maslow
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:Ernest Hilgard
4133:
4131:Donald O. Hebb
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4111:J. P. Guilford
4108:
4106:Gordon Allport
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4086:John B. Watson
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3879:Animal testing
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Cross-cultural
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3562:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3217:and constructs
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3060:External links
3058:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3035:
3021:
3006:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2964:
2958:
2943:
2937:
2918:
2912:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2876:
2866:(2): 175â185.
2856:S.F. Blinkhorn
2852:
2845:
2838:
2828:(4): 278â286.
2817:
2780:
2766:
2759:
2745:
2717:(3): 253â276.
2698:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2662:
2610:
2599:(2): 257â271.
2583:
2564:
2537:
2526:(4): 668â669.
2510:
2483:
2468:
2462:. p. 28.
2458:. Mahwah, NJ:
2443:
2415:
2386:
2366:
2353:
2346:
2328:
2304:
2282:
2260:
2238:
2212:
2194:
2172:
2159:
2136:
2119:
2103:
2087:
2070:
2057:
2041:
2024:
2013:(3): 432â442.
1997:
1984:
1971:
1958:
1945:
1932:
1925:
1907:
1880:978-0323295079
1879:
1859:
1834:
1814:
1803:(3): 355â383.
1787:
1740:Stevens, S. S.
1731:
1713:Leopold Szondi
1705:
1692:
1674:
1661:
1654:
1633:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1468:
1465:
1429:
1426:
1342:
1339:
1306:
1303:
1267:
1264:
1242:
1239:
1134:
1131:
1073:
1070:
1024:Theodore Simon
1011:
1008:
987:
986:
959:
956:
952:Jane Loevinger
885:Leopold Szondi
877:Gustav Fechner
860:
857:
845:sensory system
830:
827:
815:anthropometric
788:
785:
748:
745:
729:questionnaires
653:
652:
650:
649:
642:
635:
627:
624:
623:
622:
621:
606:
605:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
547:
546:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
278:
277:
276:
271:
270:
267:
266:
261:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
168:Cross-cultural
165:
160:
159:
158:
148:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
107:
106:
101:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:
89:
84:
76:
75:
67:
66:
60:
59:
32:psychrometrics
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6820:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6783:Psychometrics
6781:
6780:
6778:
6763:
6762:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6691:Geostatistics
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6658:Psychometrics
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6521:Biostatistics
6518:
6514:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6483:
6482:Log-rank test
6480:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6353:(BoxâJenkins)
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6306:DurbinâWatson
6304:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6288:DickeyâFuller
6286:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6262:Cointegration
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6237:Decomposition
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:Cohen's kappa
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6072:
6068:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5961:Nonparametric
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5710:Nonparametric
5708:
5706:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5685:
5681:
5680:Sample median
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5285:loss function
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:Questionnaire
4985:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:Control chart
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:Psychologists
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Organizations
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4306:John Anderson
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Ulric Neisser
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4221:Endel Tulving
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4206:Robert Zajonc
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:Jerome Bruner
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:B. F. Skinner
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:Clark L. Hull
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:Sigmund Freud
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:William James
4059:
4057:
4056:Wilhelm Wundt
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:Psychologists
4044:
4036:Psychometrics
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:Consciousness
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Psychophysics
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3871:Methodologies
3868:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Psychotherapy
3829:
3827:
3826:Psychometrics
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3683:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Developmental
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Psychometrics
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Understanding
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:Communication
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3103:psychometrics
3099:
3092:
3089:
3087:
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3053:
3047:
3043:
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3036:
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3028:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2940:
2934:
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2927:. Cambridge:
2926:
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2909:
2905:
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2898:
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2457:
2453:
2452:Hogan, Robert
2447:
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2427:
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2176:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:, 1073â1079.
2129:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:Davison, M.L.
2045:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1926:9780028683867
1922:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
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1810:
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1802:
1798:
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1755:
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1718:
1714:
1709:
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1702:
1696:
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1689:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1622:on 2017-07-22
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
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1443:
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1435:
1427:
1425:
1423:
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1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1359:test validity
1356:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:credentialing
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:latent traits
1231:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:path analysis
1120:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
983:
982:
981:
977:
975:
971:
970:
965:
957:
955:
953:
949:
948:Louis Guttman
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
858:
856:
854:
853:Wilhelm Wundt
850:
846:
842:
838:
836:
835:psychophysics
829:German stream
828:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
800:
796:
795:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:psychologists
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:Psychometrics
648:
643:
641:
636:
634:
629:
628:
626:
625:
620:
610:
609:
608:
607:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
572:Psychologists
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:Organizations
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
544:
539:
538:
531:
530:Psychometrics
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:Consciousness
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
451:
450:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:Psychotherapy
408:
406:Psychometrics
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
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269:
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259:
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231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
178:Developmental
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
104:
99:
98:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
77:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
6759:
6747:
6728:
6721:
6657:
6633:Econometrics
6583: /
6566:Chemometrics
6543:Epidemiology
6536: /
6509:Applications
6351:ARIMA model
6298:Q-statistic
6247:Stationarity
6143:Multivariate
6086: /
6082: /
6080:Multivariate
6078: /
6018: /
6014: /
5788:Bayes factor
5687:Signed rank
5599:
5573:
5565:
5553:
5248:Completeness
5084:Cohort study
4982:Opinion poll
4917:Missing data
4904:Study design
4859:Scatter plot
4781:Scatter plot
4774:Spearman's Ï
4736:Grouped data
4281:Larry Squire
4276:Bruce McEwen
4271:Amos Tversky
4241:Jerome Kagan
4231:Noam Chomsky
4171:Hans Eysenck
4141:Harry Harlow
4121:Erik Erikson
4022:Intelligence
3919:Neuroimaging
3825:
3662:Quantitative
3627:Mathematical
3622:Intelligence
3612:Experimental
3607:Evolutionary
3597:Differential
3506:Psychologist
3436: /
3414: /
3410: /
3406: /
3404:neuroscience
3402: /
3398: /
3394: /
3390: /
3386: /
3378:
3249:
3202:visuospatial
3178:Intellectual
3102:
3040:
3011:
2990:
2969:
2948:
2923:
2902:
2884:
2863:
2859:
2848:
2841:
2825:
2821:
2788:
2784:
2769:
2762:
2748:
2714:
2710:
2695:Bibliography
2672:
2665:
2630:
2626:
2613:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2455:
2446:
2436:
2432:
2418:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2356:
2337:
2331:
2325:(2): 99â103.
2322:
2319:Academia.edu
2318:
2307:
2290:
2285:
2268:
2263:
2246:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2225:the original
2215:
2206:
2197:
2189:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2153:
2127:
2122:
2111:
2106:
2095:
2090:
2078:
2073:
2065:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2034:
2027:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1935:
1916:
1910:
1884:. Retrieved
1869:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:
1837:
1822:
1817:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1669:
1664:
1645:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:the original
1610:
1452:
1450:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1419:
1416:Lee Cronbach
1414:
1410:Robert Hogan
1363:
1351:correlations
1344:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1308:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1244:
1228:
1223:job analysis
1221:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1177:Cronbach's α
1164:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1136:
1133:Key concepts
1116:
1105:
1090:
1075:
1047:
1039:Lewis Terman
1020:Alfred Binet
1016:intelligence
1013:
1000:
995:
988:
978:
967:
961:
916:Carl Brigham
912:Karl Pearson
909:
890:
862:
859:20th century
849:G.T. Fechner
839:
832:
822:
811:intelligence
806:
804:
792:
790:
750:
698:
678:introversion
674:intelligence
657:
656:
529:
515:Intelligence
248:Quantitative
213:Mathematical
208:Intelligence
198:Experimental
193:Evolutionary
183:Differential
6761:WikiProject
6676:Cartography
6638:Jurimetrics
6590:Reliability
6321:Time domain
6300:(LjungâBox)
6222:Time-series
6100:Categorical
6084:Time-series
6076:Categorical
6011:(Bernoulli)
5846:Correlation
5826:Correlation
5622:JarqueâBera
5594:Chi-squared
5356:M-estimator
5309:Asymptotics
5253:Sufficiency
5020:Interaction
4932:Replication
4912:Effect size
4869:Violin plot
4849:Radar chart
4829:Forest plot
4819:Correlogram
4769:Kendall's Ï
4353:Disciplines
4326:Susan Fiske
4216:Roger Brown
4116:Carl Rogers
4101:Jean Piaget
4066:Ivan Pavlov
3924:Observation
3904:Experiments
3851:Suicidology
3746:Educational
3701:Anomalistic
3672:Theoretical
3647:Personality
3577:Comparative
3560:Cognitivism
3551:Behaviorism
3408:personality
3343:PASS theory
3301:abstraction
2648:10251/50244
2192:(1), 27â41.
2114:, 137â150.
2098:, 667â696.
2081:, 354â378.
1941:dichotomous
1616:"Glossary1"
1575:Rasch model
1515:Data mining
1398:reliability
1251:reliability
1139:reliability
1101:eigenvalues
1086:Rasch model
1031: [
1003:Rasch model
928:Georg Rasch
893:personality
823:mental test
726:close-ended
666:measurement
557:Disciplines
430:Suicidology
327:Educational
282:Anomalistic
258:Theoretical
233:Personality
163:Comparative
146:Cognitivism
137:Behaviorism
6777:Categories
6628:Demography
6346:ARMA model
6151:Regression
5728:(Friedman)
5689:(Wilcoxon)
5627:Normality
5617:Lilliefors
5564:Student's
5440:Resampling
5314:Robustness
5302:divergence
5292:Efficiency
5230:(monotone)
5225:Likelihood
5142:Population
4975:Stratified
4927:Population
4746:Dependence
4702:Count data
4633:Percentile
4610:Dispersion
4543:Arithmetic
4478:Statistics
4416:Wikisource
4261:Paul Ekman
4096:Kurt Lewin
3992:Competence
3914:Interviews
3894:Case study
3771:Humanistic
3751:Ergonomics
3736:Counseling
3711:Assessment
3693:psychology
3642:Perception
3602:Ecological
3518:psychology
3496:Philosophy
3480:Psychology
3239:Creativity
3183:Linguistic
3168:Collective
2580:: 344â352.
2553:(4): 663.
2396:1015955756
1886:31 October
1602:References
1384:(MMPI-2),
1311:evaluation
1080:(CTT) and
841:E.H. Weber
817:measures.
662:psychology
485:Competence
352:Humanistic
332:Ergonomics
317:Counseling
292:Assessment
228:Perception
188:Ecological
64:Psychology
6009:Logistic
5776:posterior
5702:Rank sum
5450:Jackknife
5445:Bootstrap
5263:Bootstrap
5198:Parameter
5147:Statistic
4942:Statistic
4854:Run chart
4839:Pie chart
4834:Histogram
4824:Fan chart
4799:Bar chart
4681:L-moments
4568:Geometric
4436:Wikibooks
4426:Wikiquote
4296:Ed Diener
4081:Carl Jung
3987:Cognition
3816:Political
3726:Community
3556:Cognitive
3400:longevity
3388:fertility
3287:Reasoning
3267:Knowledge
3257:Intellect
3224:Cognition
3215:, traits,
3213:Abilities
3173:Emotional
2741:120745971
2719:CiteSeerX
2633:: 50â74.
2404:cite book
1896:cite book
1418:noted in
1283:Standards
1278:Standards
1259:standards
897:attitudes
480:Cognition
397:Political
307:Community
142:Cognitive
92:Subfields
6723:Category
6416:Survival
6293:Johansen
6016:Binomial
5971:Isotonic
5558:(normal)
5203:location
5010:Blocking
4965:Sampling
4844:QâQ plot
4809:Box plot
4791:Graphics
4686:Skewness
4676:Kurtosis
4648:Variance
4578:Heronian
4573:Harmonic
4431:Wikinews
4388:Timeline
4012:Feelings
4007:Emotions
3967:Behavior
3958:Concepts
3836:Religion
3821:Positive
3811:Pastoral
3796:Military
3761:Forensic
3756:Feminist
3741:Critical
3731:Consumer
3721:Coaching
3716:Clinical
3691:Applied
3587:Cultural
3526:Abnormal
3272:Learning
3188:Multiple
3031:85885343
2885:LinkedIn
2813:17750512
2772:, 1â89.
2657:26440282
2478:65400436
2454:(2007).
2439:: 21â22.
2295:Archived
2273:Archived
2251:Archived
2183:Archived
2055:Krieger.
2051:(1992).
1825:, 1â89.
1774:17750512
1467:See also
1453:machines
1402:validity
1247:validity
1143:validity
1064:and the
996:assigned
692:through
690:inferred
592:Timeline
505:Feelings
500:Emotions
460:Behavior
454:Concepts
415:Religion
402:Positive
392:Pastoral
377:Military
342:Forensic
337:Feminist
322:Critical
312:Consumer
302:Coaching
297:Clinical
173:Cultural
112:Abnormal
6803:Metrics
6749:Commons
6696:Kriging
6581:Process
6538:studies
6397:Wavelet
6230:General
5397:Plug-in
5191:L space
4970:Cluster
4671:Moments
4489:Outline
4363:Outline
3861:Traffic
3856:Systems
3791:Medical
3617:Gestalt
3491:History
3438:thought
3299: (
3297:Thought
3200: (
3198:Spatial
2793:Bibcode
2785:Science
2231:28 June
2207:apa.org
2134:p. 1075
1852:28 June
1782:4667599
1754:Bibcode
1745:Science
1715:(1960)
1626:28 June
1438:animals
1380:(BFI),
1255:quality
969:Science
901:beliefs
799:species
773:Fechner
765:Herbart
761:Cattell
714:surveys
567:Outline
440:Traffic
435:Systems
372:Medical
203:Gestalt
87:History
82:Outline
6618:Census
6208:Normal
6156:Manova
5976:Robust
5726:2-way
5718:1-way
5556:-test
5227:
4804:Biplot
4595:Median
4588:Lehmer
4530:Center
4393:Topics
3841:School
3766:Health
3667:Social
3570:Social
3516:Basic
3501:Portal
3396:health
3392:height
3277:Memory
3252:factor
3193:Social
3154:topics
3100:about
3048:
3029:
3019:
2998:
2977:
2956:
2935:
2910:
2811:
2739:
2721:
2680:
2655:
2476:
2466:
2394:
2384:
2344:
1923:
1877:
1780:
1772:
1652:
1317:, the
1056:, the
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