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until stocks were destroyed in 1989. Both the US and
Britain concluded that the desired effects of drug weapons were unpredictable under battlefield conditions and gave up experimentation.
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Virginia, an unidentified, but toxic and hallucinogenic, drug derived from local plants was deployed with some success against the white settlers by
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The use of chemicals to induce altered states of mind dates back to antiquity and includes the use of plants such as thornapple (
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Although never developed into an effective weapons system, psychochemical warfare theory and research—along with overlapping
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territory in North Africa ate dried dates that tribesmen had apparently deliberately contaminated with
Egyptian henbane (
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Rózsa L 2009 A psychochemical weapon considered by the Warsaw Pact: a research note.
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developed or deployed similar agents during the same period remains largely unknown.
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was also investigating the possible use of LSD and the chemical BZ (
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In 1881, members of a French railway surveying expedition crossing
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drug research—was secretly pursued in the mid-20th century by the
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and involved studies of several hundred volunteer test subjects.
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366:Red cocaine – the drugging of America and the west
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128:Records indicate that in 1611, in the British
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368:. London and New York: Edward Harle Limited.
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169:. In the same period, the
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187:3-quinuclidinyl benzilate
124:Use by indigenous peoples
110:anticholinergic alkaloids
270:Lee, Martin (May 1982).
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238:References
118:belladonna
444:Bioethics
325:, pg 204.
300:ignored (
290:cite book
389:Archived
317:(2003),
221:Gay bomb
204:See also
114:Hannibal
83:Cold War
52:delirium
42:agents (
183:Britain
171:US Army
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280:21 May
141:Tuareg
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323:Knopf
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