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in 1900 who carried out more extensive operations. Hogarth's reports published in 1900 give a picture of the destruction wrought by primitive archaeological methods: immense fallen blocks from the upper cave roof were blasted before removal; the rich black earth had been previously ransacked. The
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levels; finds represented the
Geometric Style of the ninth century BCE, but few later than that. More recent excavation has revealed the use of the cave reached back to Early Minoan times, and votive objects attest to the cave's being the most frequented shrine by Middle Minoan times (MM IIIA).
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stand out as the only sacred caves that have yielded human figurines. Psychro is also a unique sacred cave for a bronze leg, also known as a votive body part, which is the only votive body part to be found in a sacred cave. More common
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and hid him in a cave of Mount
Aegaeon. Since the late nineteenth century the cave above the modern village of Psychro has been identified with Diktaean Cave, although there are other candidates, especially a cave above
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rise. "Much earth had been thrown down by diggers of the Upper Grotto," Hogarth reported, "and this was found full of small bronze objects." In the vertical chinks of the lowest stalactites, Hogarth's team found "toy
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in some contexts. It is one of a number of caves believed to have been the birthplace or hiding place of Zeus. The mountains, of which the cave are part, are known in Crete as
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altar in the upper cave was discovered in 1900, surrounded by strata of ashes, pottery and "other refuse", among which were
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The cave was first excavated in 1886 by Joseph
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The Cave
Sanctuary of Zeus at Psychro: A Study of Extra-Urban Sanctuaries in Minoan and Early Iron Age Crete
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MacGillivray, Alexander, and Hugh
Sackett. “The Palaikastro Kouros: the Cretan God as a Young Man”, p. 167,
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tables and countless conical ceramic cups for food offerings. Bones among the ash layer attest to
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L. Vance
Watrous and H. Blitzer, "Lasithi: A History of Settlement on a Highland Plain in Crete"
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The undisturbed lowest strata of the upper cave represented the transition between Late Minoan
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The lower grotto falls steeply with traces of a rock-cut stair to a pool, out of which
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with her goat's milk. The archaeology attests to the site's long use as a place of
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it was a place of worship because it was believed to be the cave where the titan
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746:(1902) Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 162-65.
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Excavations have revealed a large number of votive cult offerings on the site.
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W. Boyd-Dawkins, "Remains of
Animals Found in the Dictaean Cave in 1901,"
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The
Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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to raise the infant Zeus in secret here, to protect him from his father
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Psychro yielded an uncommon number of semi-precious stones, including
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30:"Cave of Zeus" redirects here. For the cave in Turkey so called, see
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In 1898 Pierre
Demargne conducted brief investigations, followed by
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published the finds uncovered by these and other excavations.
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F. Halbherr and P. Orsi, "Scoperte nell' Antro di
Psychro",
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P. Demargne, "Antiquités de Praesos et de l'Antre Dictéen"
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Evans, "Further discoveries of Cretan and Aegean scripts,"
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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology
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The Psychro Cave and Other Sacred Grottoes in Crete
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443:finds at Psychro include stone and ceramic lamps.
788:Peak Sanctuaries and Sacred Caves in Minoan Crete
426:While clay human figurines are normally found in
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716:D. G. Hogarth, "The Cave of Psychro in Crete"
469:Psychro's artefacts are now on display at the
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799:Rutkowski, B., and Krzysztof Nowicki (1996).
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702:Bulletin de Correspondence Héllenique
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652:William Smith, ed. (c. 1873).
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762:(1982), pp. i-xiv,1-122.
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619:British School at Athens
353:British School at Athens
241:The village of Psychro (
1507:Ancient caves of Greece
1282:Wall Paintings of Thera
1197:Snake goddess figurines
625:. Accessed 22 Feb. 2021
344:investigated the site.
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1492:Landforms of Lasithi
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707:(1902), pp. 571-583.
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172:district of eastern
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1517:Landforms of Crete
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691:(1897), pp 305-57.
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261:35.165°N 25.451°E
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975:Palaikastro
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108:Coordinates
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53:stalagmites
1486:Categories
1466:Stravomyti
1451:Megalakkos
1152:Traostalos
1096:Yerokambos
1025:Vathypetro
871:Minoan art
781:References
550: (
531:24°49′44″E
528:35°12′30″N
521:on Crete (
370:terracotta
283:prefecture
270: (
251:25°27′04″E
248:35°09′54″N
120:25°26′42″E
117:35°09′46″N
1127:Atsipades
1076:Odigitria
1051:Apesokari
1030:Zominthos
566:antiquity
519:Mount Ida
448:carnelian
436:Mount Ida
389:Mycenaean
378:sacrifice
326:Adrasteia
237:Geography
229:on Mount
198:Mount Ida
51:Floodlit
1332:See also
1303:Linear B
1298:Linear A
1232:Kouloura
1157:Vrysinas
1147:Petsofas
1061:Kamilari
1020:Vasiliki
990:Troullos
934:Phaistos
639:, 1.1.6.
593:See also
584:Kouretes
485:and the
464:hematite
456:amethyst
452:steatite
374:libation
358:stuccoed
303:Amalthea
231:Petsofas
206:Theogony
180:(Greek:
94:Location
1291:Writing
1117:Kamares
1086:Phylaki
1081:Phourni
1066:Koumasa
1005:Amnisos
995:Trypiti
985:Gournia
980:Kydonia
949:Galatas
929:Knossos
922:Palaces
351:of the
287:Lasithi
210:477-484
170:Lasithi
168:in the
18:Psychro
1400:Greece
1091:Stylos
1046:Armeni
1010:Petras
1000:Lakkos
970:Kommos
944:Zakros
864:Topics
793:
580:Cronus
483:Louvre
481:, the
479:Oxford
473:, the
460:jasper
366:bronze
319:Cronus
222:Lyctus
202:Hesiod
159:Minoan
102:Greece
1396:Caves
1132:Karfi
1039:Tombs
939:Malia
915:Sites
623:JSTOR
605:Notes
599:Idaea
515:caves
507:Greek
330:Dikte
323:nymph
174:Crete
151:Greek
98:Crete
1137:Modi
791:ISBN
576:Zeus
570:Rhea
462:and
315:Rhea
307:Zeus
293:Myth
218:Zeus
214:Rhea
190:Zeus
55:and
1398:in
741:Man
686:JHS
564:In
477:in
434:on
416:."
364:in
285:of
220:in
212:),
164:in
1488::
760:18
744:32
721:30
705:26
689:17
644:^
509::
489:.
466:.
458:,
454:,
450:,
368:,
332:.
233:.
204:,
184:;
153::
100:,
1388:e
1381:t
1374:v
849:e
842:t
835:v
728:6
673:2
554:)
274:)
208:(
149:(
34:.
20:)
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