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exhibit one or both forms. The first is Immune-Mediated
Myositis (IMM). It may occur in response to a vaccine or infectious agent, where the immune system misinterprets the muscle cells as foreign and rapidly attacks them. Horses initially experience stiffness, weakness, and a decreased appetite followed by the rapid loss of 40% of muscle mass within 72 hours. The second presentation of MYHM is Nonexertional Rhabdomyolysis (compare to PSSM, below) and often presents as stiffness and possible swelling of muscles along the back and haunches without exercise. Clinical signs include pain, muscle cramping, and muscle damage, but may or may not result in muscle loss. When triggered, horses can recover but may have more frequent episodes. Horses that are homozygous (My/My) may have more severe symptoms.
880:, and thus produces affected offspring only when both parents transmit the gene, but may produce unaffected carriers if only one copy is transmitted. When a horse is affected by this disease, there is a collagen defect that results in the layers of skin not being held firmly together. Thus, when the horse is ridden under saddle or suffers trauma to the skin, the outer layer often splits or separates from the deeper layer, or it can tear off completely. It rarely heals without disfiguring scars. Sunburn can also be a concern. In dramatic cases, the skin can split along the back and even roll down the sides, with the horse literally being skinned alive. Most horses with HERDA are euthanized for humane reasons between the age of two and four years. Researchers at
982:: a birth defect linked to multiple causative factors, including genetics, hormones, mineral deficiency, tranquilizers, or steroids. Cleft palates are extremely uncommon, but as most of the research done on the condition has utilized Quarter Horses, the defect is linked to the breed. The surgery to repair the cleft palate has about a 20% success rate. Clinical signs include: lifting head high when eating, dropping head low to drink, coughing when beginning of exercise, and taking an extremely long time to fully administer oral medications placed in the side of the jaw.
842:(H/N) horses are still eligible for registration, altering that status is periodically discussed. Additionally, all Quarter Horses born 2007 or later that are confirmed to be descendants of Impressive must carry a note about the risks of HYPP on their registration papers. Due to HYPP, there have been some rule changes for show competition, including the creation of a "Performance Halter class" in which a horse must possess a Register of Merit in performance or racing before it can compete.
482:
the "appendix" of the
American Quarter Horse Association's studbook, hence the nickname. Horses listed in the appendix may be entered in competition, but offspring are not initially eligible for full AQHA registration. If the Appendix horse meets certain conformational criteria and is shown or raced successfully in sanctioned AQHA events, the horse can earn its way from the appendix into the permanent studbook, making its offspring eligible for AQHA registration.
588:(which also encompasses Quarter Horses from Canada), the second largest registry of Quarter Horses is in Brazil, followed by Australia. In the UK the breed is also becoming very popular, especially with the two Western riding Associations, the Western Horse Association and The Western Equestrian Society. The British American Quarter Horse breed society is the AQHA-UK. With the internationalization of the discipline of
332:
859:(MH) causes a horse's body to release uncontrolled amounts of calcium into the bloodstream when subjected to certain stressors, which results in painful muscle cramps, extremely high temperature up to 113 degrees Fahrenheit, irregular heart rhythm, excessive sweating and shallow breathing. It manifests when horses receive certain anesthesia drugs or by stressors such as overwork or excitement. Caused by a mutated
776:
976:, and the color pattern was not always visibly expressed. Thus, the condition continued to periodically appear in Quarter Horse foals. There is a DNA test for this condition, and in part because DNA testing can verify parentage and because the genetic mechanism of LWS is now understood, AQHA repealed its cropout rules, allowing horses with white patterns to be registered.
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609:
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Thoroughbred, local sprinters often won. As the
Thoroughbred breed became established in America, many colonial Quarter Horses were included in the original American stud books. This began a long association between the Thoroughbred breed and what would later become officially known as the "Quarter Horse", named after the
38:
243:. He was foaled in 1746, and imported to colonial Virginia in 1756. The influence of Thoroughbreds like Janus contributed genes crucial to the development of the colonial "Quarter Horse". The resulting horse was small, hardy, quick, and was used as a work horse during the week and a race horse on the weekends.
486:
early years of its formation. Some breeders argue that the continued addition of
Thoroughbred bloodlines are beginning to compromise the integrity of the breed standard. Some favor the earlier style of horse and have created several separate organizations to promote and register "Foundation" Quarter Horses.
429:(AQHA) was formed by a group of horsemen and ranchers from the Southwestern United States dedicated to preserving the pedigrees of their ranch horses. After winning the 1941 Fort Worth Exposition and Fat Stock Show grand champion stallion, the horse honored with the first registration number, P-1, was
746:
competition are larger yet, with a very heavily muscled appearance, while retaining small heads with wide jowls and refined muzzles. There is controversy amongst owners, breeder and veterinarians regarding the health effects of the extreme muscle mass that is currently fashionable in the specialized
852:
condition, though not all horses who inherit the gene will show clinical signs of being affected and the environmental triggers are not well understood at present. An estimated 7% of all
Quarter Horses carry this gene. There are two forms, both linked to the same genetic variant. Affected horses may
481:
blood via a performance standard. An "Appendix" American
Quarter Horse is a first generation cross between a registered Thoroughbred and an American Quarter Horse or a cross between a "numbered" American Quarter Horse and an "appendix" American Quarter Horse. The resulting offspring is registered in
250:
became popular with the colonists, the
Quarter Horse gained even more popularity as a sprinter over courses that, by necessity, were shorter than the classic racecourses of England. These courses were often no more than a straight stretch of road or flat piece of open land. When competing against a
485:
Since
Quarter Horse/Thoroughbred crosses continue to enter the official registry of the American Quarter Horse breed, this creates a continual gene flow from the Thoroughbred breed into the American Quarter Horse breed, which has altered many of the characteristics that typified the breed in the
787:
are bred to sprint short distances ranging from 220 to 870 yards. Thus, they have long legs and are leaner than their stock type counterparts, but are still characterized by muscular hindquarters and powerful legs. Quarter Horses race primarily against other
Quarter Horses, and their sprinting
941:
storage disorder. There are two forms, PSSM-1 and PSSM-2. PSSM-1 is found in
Quarter Horses and has a genetic test available. PSSM-2, which is primarily found in other breeds, has no genetic test available but can be diagnosed with a muscle biopsy. PSSM-1 has been traced to three specific but
632:
There are two main body types: the stock type and the hunter or racing type. The stock horse type is shorter, more compact, stocky and well-muscled, yet agile. The racing and hunter type Quarter Horses are somewhat taller and smoother muscled than the stock type, more closely resembling the
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announced that a DNA test for HERDA has been developed. Over 1,500 horses were tested during the development phase of the test, which is now available to the general public through both institutions. Approximately 3.5% of all Quarter Horses are carriers, and as many as 28% of horses in
834:. It is characterized by uncontrollable muscle twitching and substantial muscle weakness or paralysis among affected horses. Because it is a dominant gene, only one parent has to have the gene for it to be transmitted to offspring. There is a DNA test for HYPP, which is required by the
409:
Sprint races were also popular weekend entertainment and racing became a source of economic gain for breeders. As a result, more Thoroughbred blood was added into the developing American Quarter Horse breed. The American Quarter Horse also benefitted from the addition of
949:
inheritance pattern. 11% of the Quarter Horse population carries PSSM, and 48% of Quarter Horses with symptoms of neuromuscular disease have PSSM. To some extent it can be diet controlled with specialized low-starch diets, but
308:
tribes. As the colonial Quarter Horse was crossed with these western horses, the pioneers found that the new crossbred had innate "cow sense", a natural instinct for working with cattle, making it popular with cattlemen on
2842:
2864:
considered to originate wholly or partly in Canada and the United States. Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those
385:
The main duty of the ranch horse in the American West was working cattle. Even after the invention of the automobile, horses were still irreplaceable for handling livestock on the range. Thus, major Texas cattle
152:
is the largest breed registry in the world, with almost three million living American Quarter Horses registered in 2014. The American Quarter Horse is well known both as a race horse and for its performance in
751:(62 to 64 inches, 157 to 163 cm) and weighs in at over 1,200 pounds (540 kg) when fitted for halter competition. Not only are there concerns about the weight to frame ratio on the horse's
616:
The Quarter Horse has a small, short, refined head with a straight profile, and a strong, well-muscled body, featuring a broad chest and powerful, rounded hindquarters. They usually stand between 14 and
734:
show horses are often slightly taller, with slower movements, smoother gaits, and a somewhat more level topline – though still featuring the powerful hindquarters characteristic of the Quarter Horse.
960:(LWS) is fatal when homozygous. Affected foals are born pure white in color, with an underdeveloped intestinal tract, and cannot defecate, thus dying within days if not euthanized first. Although "
968:
markings were not allowed to be registered for many years because white markings were thought to be a result of undesirable crossbreeding, the gene that causes the condition also creates the
2835:
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1827:
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and expanded to become a major competitive event throughout the west. The Quarter Horse dominates in events that require speed as well as the ability to handle cattle.
584:
The American Quarter Horse has also been exported worldwide. European nations such as Germany and Italy have imported large numbers of Quarter Horses. Next to the
1797:
1017:
351:(or Old Shiloh), foaled 1844; Old Cold Deck (1862); Lock's Rondo, one of many "Rondo" horses, foaled in 1880; Old Billy—again, one of many "Billy" horses—foaled
145: mi (0.40 km) or less; some have been clocked at speeds up to 44 mph (71 km/h). The development of the Quarter Horse traces to the 1600s.
1863:
870:
1342:
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played a significant role in the development of the modern Quarter Horse. The skills required by cowboys and their horses became the foundation of the
2366:
1548:
820:
756:
1506:
596:, there is a growing international interest in Quarter Horses. The American Quarter Horse is the most popular breed in the United States, and the
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as one of the significant foundation sires for the Quarter Horse breed. Other significant Thoroughbred sires seen in early AQHA pedigrees include
930:
1225:
2793:
2765:
2683:
2664:
1259:
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Great speed over short distances; short, refined head; strong, well-muscled body, featuring a broad chest and powerful, rounded hindquarters
908:
232:
In the 1600s, imported English Thoroughbred horses were first bred with assorted local horses on the Eastern seaboard of colonial America.
2413:
2851:
1895:
797:
458:
326:
2199:
954:
is advised before breeding, as the condition exists at a subclinical level in approximately 6% of the general Quarter Horse population.
796:, usually reflecting a higher percentage of appendix breeding. They are shown in hunter/jumper classes at both breed shows and in open
1934:
1719:
597:
585:
426:
322:
293:
149:
2508:
1991:
1967:
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mile (0.40 km) race distance at which it excelled. Some Quarter Horses have been clocked at up to 44 mph (71 km/h).
3290:
934:
1739:
1709:
1321:
915:, the horse's heart muscle and skeletal muscles cannot function, leading to rapid death. The disease manifests in foals who are
1838:
893:
2636:
1741:
The Official Horse Breeds Standards Guide: The Complete Guide to the Standards of All North American Equine Breed Associations
3067:
863:, ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RyR1) at nucleotide C7360G, generating a R2454G amino acid substitution, it is inherited as an
1373:
2539:"Clinical characteristics of horses and foals diagnosed with cleft palate in a referral population: 28 cases (1988–2011)"
477:
Since the American Quarter Horse was formally established as a breed, the AQHA stud book has remained open to additional
885:
600:
is the largest breed registry in the world, with nearly 3 million American Quarter Horses registered worldwide in 2014.
135:
that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name is derived from its ability to outrun other horse breeds in races of
2320:
1805:
1025:
2703:
2260:
845:
1063:
1870:
838:. Since 2007, the AQHA bars registration of horses who possess the homozygous form (H/H) of the gene, and though
216:
168:
The compact body of the American Quarter Horse is well suited for the intricate and quick maneuvers required in
3132:
3077:
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2912:
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1657:
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2017:
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43:
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Doan, Ryan; Cohen, Noah D; Sawyer, Jason; Ghaffari, Noushin; Johnson, Charlie D; Dindot, Scott V (2012).
3280:
3238:
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2987:
2952:
2907:
2877:
2038:
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A stock horse is a horse of a type that is well suited for working with livestock, particularly cattle.
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340:
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There are several genetic diseases of concern to Quarter Horse breeders. Most can now be identified by
2942:
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is linked to the disease. In 2007, Researchers working independently at Cornell University and at the
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3192:
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3137:
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testing to verify parentage, the registry accepts all colors as long as both parents are registered.
3027:
2997:
2628:
2434:
348:
3212:
3112:
2927:
2902:
2723:"Exertional rhabdomyolysis in quarter horses and thoroughbreds: one syndrome, multiple aetiologies"
2118:"Exertional rhabdomyolysis in quarter horses and thoroughbreds: one syndrome, multiple aetiologies"
1687:
1514:
1221:
1181:"American Quarter Horse." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 1 Jul. 2015.
743:
622:
363:
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1274:
Murphy, Robert F., and Yolanda Murphy. Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and Society. Good Press, 2019.
371:
274:
3248:
3167:
3062:
3012:
2957:
2159:"Malignant Hyperthermia Associated with Ryanodine Receptor 1 (C7360G) Mutation in Quarter Horses"
911:(GBED) is a recessive genetic disease where the horse is lacking an enzyme necessary for storing
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438:
419:
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horse, and all-around family horse. Quarter Horses are commonly used in rodeo events such as
441:. Other sires alive at the founding of the AQHA were given the earliest registration numbers
2734:
2587:
2550:
2210:
2170:
2129:
1443:
1433:
848:(MYHM) is a genetic muscle disease added to the AQHA genetic testing panel in 2022. It is a
731:
665:
466:
442:
359:
212:
1144:
730:
horses are smaller in stature, with quick, agile movements and very powerful hindquarters.
188:
events, especially those involving live cattle. The American Quarter Horse is also used in
3243:
3182:
3122:
3047:
951:
919:
for the lethal GBED allele, meaning both parents carry one copy of the gene. The stallion
898:
727:
649:
543:
515:
289:
193:
173:
2516:
1995:
1472:"Breeds of Livestock - Quarter Horse — Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science"
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Valberg SJ, Mickelson JR, Gallant EM, MacLeay JM, Lentz L, de la Corte F (July 1999).
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63:
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933:, also called EPSM or PSSM, is a metabolic muscular condition in horses that causes
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3177:
3152:
3127:
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2982:
2977:
997:
979:
973:
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testing so that breeders do not inadvertently produce foals with these conditions:
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with earnings in the millions. Quarter Horses have also been trained to compete in
562:
507:
478:
450:
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379:
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270:
148:
The American Quarter Horse is the most popular breed in the United States, and the
128:
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2116:
Valberg SJ, Mickelson JR, Gallant EM, MacLeay JM, Lentz L, de la Corte F (1999).
269:
In the 19th century, pioneers heading West needed a hardy, willing horse. On the
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1471:
1377:
969:
965:
789:
748:
717:
653:
626:
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535:
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247:
181:
1422:"Whole-Genome sequencing and genetic variant analysis of a quarter Horse mare"
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889:
801:
775:
689:
503:
462:
434:
391:
344:
158:
17:
1977:
1944:
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work. Many race tracks offer Quarter Horses a wide assortment of pari-mutuel
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2312:
1438:
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824:
430:
278:
2748:
2599:
2564:
2184:
2143:
1592:
1457:
494:
362:, a stallion of unknown breeding, known to have been in Texas by 1889; and
370:
but of disputed pedigree. Another early foundation sire for the breed was
943:
938:
912:
874:
867:. Horses that carry PSSM or MYHM along with MH have more severe episodes.
788:
ability has earned them the nickname, "the world's fastest athlete." The
693:
677:
669:
566:
301:
297:
927:
blood test available. Roughly 10% of all Quarter Horses carry this gene.
3107:
2200:"Heritable Diseases of the American Quarter Horse and Their Management"
961:
873:(HERDA), also known as hyperelastosis cutis (HC). This is caused by an
723:
701:
589:
547:
511:
169:
2578:
Kirkham, LemcN (2002). "Surgical cleft soft palate repair in a foal".
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designated the American Quarter Horse as the official "State Horse of
3217:
3147:
2383:
2341:
992:
860:
681:
558:
403:
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are open to all breeds but are dominated by American Quarter Horse.
273:, settlers encountered horses that descended from the Spanish stock
2462:"Lethal White Overo Syndrome (LWO) | School of Veterinary Medicine"
2091:
2018:"AQHA Handbook, Section 448 Halter Classes, (j) Performance Halter"
1649:
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523:
519:
493:
399:
387:
330:
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132:
106:
621:(56 and 64 inches, 142 and 163 cm) high, although some
1051:. Austin, Texas: Texas State Historical Association. p. 22.
835:
652:
by most other breed registries. Other recognized colors include
2824:
277:
and other Conquistadors had introduced into the viceroyalty of
37:
1194:
Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
924:
813:
705:
592:
and its acceptance as one of the official seven events of the
2367:
Exertional rhabdomyolysis in quarter horses and thoroughbreds
498:
The Quarter Horse is well-suited for the western disciplines.
457:, alive in the early years of the AQHA, is recognized by the
2063:
1896:"AQHA Handbook of Rules & Regulations 2008 Rule 205 (d)"
1511:
International Museum of the Horse- Horse Breeds of the World
625:
and English hunter-type horses may grow as tall as 17
1765:
1711:
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse - E-Book
402:, a contest which began with informal competition between
335:
A photograph of Peter McCue, taken in Oklahoma around 1905
281:, which became the Southwestern United States and Mexico.
2704:"HERDA: DNA Tests Available for Disfiguring Skin Disease"
2261:"HERDA: DNA Tests Available for Disfiguring Skin Disease"
1301:
Legends 2: Outstanding Quarter Horse Stallions and Mares.
2758:
The Great American Speedhorse: A Guide to Quarter Racing
2655:
Legends 2: Outstanding Quarter Horse Stallions and Mares
2620:
Official Stud Book and Registry Combined Books 1-2-3-4-5
1679:
888:
theorized that the sire line of the foundation stallion
2313:"Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED) in Horses"
1619:
91:
2810:
1783:
1962:(6th ed.). Somerset: Wiley. pp. Chapter 2.
374:, foaled in 1828, who tracks his lineage through the
2412:. Purdue University, Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab.
2287:"Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA)"
1902:. American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from
1869:. American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from
1554:. American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from
779:
A Quarter Horse warming up for hunt seat competition
3226:
2870:
2622:. Amarillo, TX: American Quarter Horse Association.
2515:. University of California at Davis. Archived from
1733:
1731:
1254:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
82:
74:
69:
59:
51:
2652:
2629:"ACVIM 2006: Prevalence of PSSM in Quarter Horses"
1247:
942:undisclosed bloodlines in Quarter Horses, with an
449:, Cowboy P-12, and Waggoner's Rainy Day P-13. The
235:One of the most famous of these early imports was
196:, show jumping, dressage, hunting, and many other
2676:The Quarter Running Horse: America's Oldest Breed
1686:. National Foundation Quarter Horse Association.
747:halter horse, which typically is 15.2 to 16
684:(also occasionally referred to as blue dun), red
648:, a brownish red, part of the color group called
2039:"AQHA Adds MYHM Testing to Genetic Health Panel"
1064:"Quarter Horses Get Official Status in Oklahoma"
792:type is slimmer, even more closely resembling a
1680:"National Foundation Quarter Horse Association"
1678:National Foundation Quarter Horse Association.
542:or O-Mok-See. Other stock horse events such as
2786:Foundation Sires of the American Quarter Horse
3286:Horse breeds originating in the United States
2836:
2384:"Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED)"
2342:"Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED)"
239:, a Thoroughbred who was the grandson of the
8:
2852:Horse breeds of Canada and the United States
2678:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
1992:"Details on AQHA HYP rules for registration"
1798:"AQHA Annual Report - 2014 Horse Statistics"
1708:Ross, Michael W; Dyson, Sue J (2010-11-11).
1295:
1293:
1018:"AQHA Annual Report - 2014 Horse Statistics"
923:has been linked to this disease. There is a
30:
2618:American Quarter Horse Association (1961).
2317:Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED)
2843:
2829:
2821:
2816:Information about Quarter Horses in Europe
1766:"National Saddle Clubs Association - Home"
1138:
1136:
871:Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia
755:, but the massive build is also linked to
704:were excluded, but now with the advent of
36:
29:
2738:
2697:. Richmond, VA: Whittet & Shepperson.
2554:
2174:
2133:
1447:
1437:
284:The horses of the West included herds of
215:also designated the Quarter Horse as its
92:American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA)
2477:
2475:
1784:"The Canadian Quarter Horse Association"
1626:. Foundation Quarter Horse Association.
2311:Valberg, Stephanie; James R Mickelson.
2163:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
1009:
394:, the 6666 (Four Sixes) Ranch, and the
2659:. Colorado Springs: Western Horseman.
2435:"Prevalence of PSSM in Quarter Horses"
1960:Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses
1620:"Foundation Quarter Horse Association"
1618:Foundation Quarter Horse Association.
1500:
1498:
931:Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy
759:(HYPP) in descendants of the stallion
573:. They are also used for recreational
553:The breed is not only well-suited for
2086:
2084:
1929:. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media.
1513:. Kentucky Horse Park. Archived from
764:
7:
2064:"Myosin-Heavy Chain Myopathy (MYHM)"
1894:American Quarter Horse Association.
1151:. Texas State Historical Association
909:Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency
292:, as well as horses domesticated by
2627:Church, Stephanie L. (2006-09-14).
1828:"Light Horse: Breed Types and Uses"
1534:American Quarter Horse Association
459:American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame
327:American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame
2811:American Quarter Horse Association
2740:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05279.x
2592:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb11375.x
2507:University of California – Davis.
2487:American Quarter Horse Association
2406:"Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis"
2291:American Quarter Horse Association
2236:"Malignant hyperthermia: a review"
2135:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05279.x
2096:American Quarter Horse Association
2068:American Quarter Horse Association
2043:American Quarter Horse Association
1802:American Quarter Horse Association
1690:from the original on 22 April 2007
1660:from the original on 26 April 2007
1597:American Quarter Horse Association
1022:American Quarter Horse Association
830:originally linked to the stallion
640:Quarter Horses come in nearly all
598:American Quarter Horse Association
586:American Quarter Horse Association
473:"Appendix" and "Foundation" horses
427:American Quarter Horse Association
323:American Quarter Horse Association
150:American Quarter Horse Association
25:
2784:Denhardt, Robert Moorman (1997).
2346:American QuarterHorse Association
1630:from the original on 1 April 2007
1324:from the original on 22 June 2008
2788:. University of Oklahoma Press.
2693:Mackay-Smith, Alexander (1983).
2639:from the original on 6 June 2008
2416:from the original on 13 May 2008
2323:from the original on 12 May 2008
1650:"Foundation Bred Quarter Horses"
502:The American Quarter Horse is a
2695:The Colonial Quarter Race Horse
2176:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0274.x
1228:from the original on 2021-04-22
894:University of California, Davis
821:Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
757:hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
629:(68 inches, 173 cm).
366:, foaled 1895, registered as a
343:of Quarter Horse type included
317:Development as a distinct breed
3068:Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse
2513:Veterinary Genetics Laboratory
1246:Moulton, Gary E., ed. (2003).
823:(HYPP), which is caused by an
1:
2760:. New York: Sovereign Books.
2580:Australian Veterinary Journal
2371:Equine Vet Journal Supplement
2092:"Malignant Hyperthermia (MH)"
1738:Lynghaug, Fran (2009-10-15).
1320:. Oklahoma State University.
490:Modern American Quarter Horse
352:
2674:Denhardt, Robert M. (1979).
2319:. University of Minnsesota.
1714:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1536:Combined Stud Book 1-2-3-4-5
1409:History of the Quarter Horse
1250:The Lewis and Clark Journals
886:Mississippi State University
2702:Sellnow, Les (2007-05-28).
1312:Oklahoma State University.
1285:Colonial Quarter Race Horse
1170:Colonial Quarter Race Horse
1128:Colonial Quarter Race Horse
1115:Colonial Quarter Race Horse
1047:Hatch, Rosie (Ed.) (2022).
937:, and is also related to a
846:Myosin-heavy chain myopathy
644:. The most common color is
612:A halter-type Quarter Horse
378:, a foundation sire of the
3307:
2460:Young, Amy (9 June 2020).
1927:The American quarter horse
715:
320:
3257:
2858:
2483:"Flashy Paint Coat Color"
1580:Great American Speedhorse
1062:Izzo, Kim (17 May 2022).
100:
87:
35:
3133:North American Sportpony
3078:Lac La Croix Indian Pony
2938:American Sorraia Mustang
2913:American Miniature Horse
2509:"Horse Coat Color Tests"
1958:Baxter, Gary M. (2011).
1507:"American Quarter Horse"
1149:Handbook of Texas Online
742:Horses shown in-hand in
3291:American Quarter Horses
3203:Tennessee Walking Horse
3103:Mountain Pleasure Horse
1925:Ellen., Frazel (2012).
1439:10.1186/1471-2164-13-78
1191:Dutson, Judith (2012),
1049:Texas Almanac 2022-2023
688:, blue roan, bay roan,
75:Distinguishing features
3143:Pryor Mountain mustang
2933:American Shetland Pony
2923:American Quarter Horse
2888:American Belgian Draft
2883:American Bashkir Curly
2756:Wiggins, Walt (1978).
2466:ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu
2410:Summer 2000 Newsletter
1837:. 2011. Archived from
964:" Quarter Horses with
857:Malignant hyperthermia
780:
771:Racing and hunter type
702:spotted color patterns
613:
594:World Equestrian Games
499:
433:, a descendant of the
336:
121:American Quarter Horse
46:American Quarter Horse
31:American Quarter Horse
3058:Florida Cracker Horse
2988:Camarillo White Horse
2953:American Walking Pony
2948:American Spotted Paso
2908:American Indian Horse
2708:The Horse Online News
2633:The Horse Online News
1835:Alabama Horse Council
1808:on September 23, 2015
1656:. Foundation Horses.
1593:"Documents and Forms"
1505:Kentucky Horse Park.
1102:Quarter Running Horse
1089:Quarter Running Horse
1028:on September 23, 2015
958:Lethal White Syndrome
778:
611:
604:Breed characteristics
497:
334:
176:, working cow horse,
3261:List of horse breeds
3193:Spotted Saddle Horse
3173:Spanish Jennet Horse
3163:Rocky Mountain Horse
3138:Pony of the Americas
3083:Missouri Fox Trotter
3018:Carolina Marsh Tacky
3008:Canadian Sport Horse
3003:Canadian Rustic Pony
2963:American White Horse
2918:American Paint Horse
2898:American Crème Horse
2893:American Cream Draft
2537:Shaw, Sarah (2015).
1864:"Registration rules"
1654:FoundationHorses.com
1222:"AQHA World Records"
217:official state horse
107:Equus ferus caballus
27:American horse breed
3213:Virginia Highlander
3113:National Show Horse
2928:American Saddlebred
2903:American Drum Horse
2651:Close, Pat (1994).
2441:. 14 September 2006
1648:Foundation Horses.
1318:Breeds of Livestock
972:color pattern when
161:, and as a working
32:
3249:Narragansett Pacer
3013:Canadian Warmblood
2958:American Warmblood
2878:Alberta Wild Horse
2727:Equine Vet J Suppl
2404:Ulman, Katherine.
2122:Equine Vet J Suppl
1906:on October 7, 2008
1844:on August 19, 2019
1744:. Voyageur Press.
882:Cornell University
865:autosomal dominant
781:
614:
500:
469:and Depth Charge.
337:
265:Westward expansion
3268:
3267:
3053:Cumberland Island
3033:Chincoteague Pony
2795:978-0-8061-2947-1
2767:978-0-671-18340-0
2685:978-0-8061-1500-9
2666:978-0-911647-30-3
2365:Valberg et al., "
2157:Aleman M (2009).
1549:"Three Bars (TB)"
1261:978-0-8032-8039-7
1199:Storey Publishing
1143:Beckmann, Bruce.
903:working cow horse
447:Oklahoma Star P-6
288:animals known as
241:Godolphin Arabian
205:Texas Legislature
127:, is an American
117:
116:
60:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
3298:
3043:Colonial Spanish
2943:American Spotted
2845:
2838:
2831:
2822:
2799:
2771:
2752:
2742:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2698:
2689:
2670:
2658:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2623:
2604:
2603:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2380:
2374:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2209:. Archived from
2204:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1994:. Archived from
1988:
1982:
1981:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1804:. Archived from
1794:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1502:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1478:. 31 March 2021.
1468:
1462:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1417:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1376:. Archived from
1374:"Lost Bloodline"
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1348:. Archived from
1347:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1145:"Quarter Horses"
1140:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1024:. Archived from
1014:
850:genetic dominant
808:Genetic diseases
765:Genetic diseases
732:Western pleasure
437:foundation sire
357:
354:
341:foundation sires
296:, including the
294:Native Americans
260:
259:
255:
144:
143:
139:
109:
40:
33:
21:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3253:
3244:Conestoga Horse
3222:
3183:Spanish Mustang
3123:Nez Perce Horse
3098:Morocco Spotted
3048:Colorado Ranger
2973:Assateague Pony
2866:
2854:
2849:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2783:
2779:
2777:Further reading
2774:
2768:
2755:
2720:
2712:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2686:
2673:
2667:
2650:
2642:
2640:
2626:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2520:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2417:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1770:www.omoksee.com
1764:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1518:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1476:afs.okstate.edu
1470:
1469:
1465:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1314:"Quarter Horse"
1311:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:
989:
952:genetic testing
810:
773:
753:skeletal system
740:
720:
714:
700:. In the past,
606:
492:
475:
355:
347:, foaled 1843;
329:
319:
267:
257:
253:
252:
230:
225:
211:" in 2009, and
141:
137:
136:
113:
105:
96:
83:Breed standards
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3304:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:Canadian Pacer
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:Spanish Norman
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3028:Cherokee Horse
3025:
3023:Cerbat mustang
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:Canadian Pinto
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2860:These are the
2859:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2805:External links
2803:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2753:
2718:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2671:
2665:
2648:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2586:(3): 143–146.
2570:
2549:(7): 756–760.
2529:
2499:
2471:
2452:
2426:
2396:
2375:
2358:
2333:
2303:
2278:
2267:. May 28, 2007
2252:
2227:
2190:
2169:(2): 329–334.
2149:
2108:
2080:
2055:
2030:
2009:
1983:
1968:
1950:
1936:978-1612115436
1935:
1917:
1886:
1855:
1819:
1789:
1775:
1757:
1750:
1727:
1721:978-1437711769
1720:
1700:
1670:
1640:
1610:
1599:. www.aqha.com
1584:
1571:
1540:
1527:
1494:
1481:
1463:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1365:
1343:"Copperbottom"
1334:
1304:
1289:
1276:
1267:
1260:
1238:
1213:
1207:
1201:, p. 64,
1183:
1174:
1161:
1132:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1080:
1054:
1039:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
988:
985:
984:
983:
977:
955:
928:
906:
878:recessive gene
868:
854:
843:
809:
806:
783:Quarter Horse
772:
769:
739:
736:
713:
710:
605:
602:
579:mounted police
555:western riding
491:
488:
474:
471:
396:Waggoner Ranch
390:, such as the
318:
315:
266:
263:
229:
226:
224:
221:
186:western riding
115:
114:
112:
111:
101:
98:
97:
95:
94:
88:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
41:
26:
24:
18:Quarter Horses
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3303:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Racking Horse
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Kiger mustang
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Choctaw Horse
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2733:(30): 533–8.
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2519:on 2008-02-19
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2216:on 2014-06-09
2212:
2208:
2201:
2198:Lenz, Tom R.
2194:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2128:(30): 533–8.
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2097:
2093:
2087:
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425:In 1940, the
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223:Breed history
222:
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178:barrel racing
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68:
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64:United States
62:
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55:Quarter Horse
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
19:
3281:Horse breeds
3259:
3198:Standardbred
3178:Spanish Barb
3168:Sable Island
3153:Quarter Pony
3118:Newfoundland
2922:
2871:Contemporary
2862:horse breeds
2785:
2757:
2730:
2726:
2711:. Retrieved
2707:
2694:
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2654:
2641:. Retrieved
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2517:the original
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2429:
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2378:
2373:, pp. 533–38
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2316:
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2240:ResearchGate
2239:
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2220:September 9,
2218:. Retrieved
2211:the original
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2121:
2111:
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2042:
2033:
2023:30 September
2021:. Retrieved
2012:
2002:September 9,
2000:. Retrieved
1996:the original
1986:
1959:
1953:
1926:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1900:AQHA Website
1899:
1889:
1878:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1858:
1848:September 9,
1846:. Retrieved
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1834:
1822:
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1806:the original
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1769:
1760:
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1710:
1703:
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1683:
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1643:
1632:. Retrieved
1624:FQHA Website
1623:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1543:
1535:
1530:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:the original
1510:
1489:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1429:
1426:BMC Genomics
1425:
1415:
1404:
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:the original
1368:
1357:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1317:
1307:
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1279:
1270:
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1241:
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1216:
1193:
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1153:. Retrieved
1148:
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1114:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1068:Horse Canada
1067:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
1021:
1012:
998:Quarter pony
980:Cleft Palate
974:heterozygous
905:disciplines.
901:and related
840:heterozygous
811:
794:Thoroughbred
782:
741:
721:
639:
635:Thoroughbred
631:
615:
583:
575:trail riding
571:show jumping
563:horse racing
552:
522:competitor,
501:
484:
479:Thoroughbred
476:
451:Thoroughbred
443:Joe Reed P-3
424:
422:bloodlines.
420:Standardbred
408:
384:
380:Thoroughbred
376:Byerley Turk
372:Copperbottom
368:Thoroughbred
338:
283:
271:Great Plains
268:
245:
234:
231:
228:Colonial era
202:
200:activities.
184:, and other
167:
147:
124:
120:
118:
104:
3063:Kanata Pony
2207:Tom R. Lenz
1492:pp. 143–167
970:frame overo
790:show hunter
785:race horses
738:Halter type
718:Stock horse
680:, red dun,
623:Halter-type
536:team roping
532:calf roping
453:race horse
418:, and even
364:Peter McCue
356: 1880
248:flat racing
182:calf roping
159:horse shows
52:Other names
3275:Categories
2865:countries.
2713:2007-05-07
2643:2008-06-12
2635:(# 7628).
2523:2008-03-08
2445:August 24,
2420:2008-06-12
2327:2008-06-12
2271:August 24,
2245:August 24,
1880:2010-12-21
1812:August 24,
1694:2007-04-02
1664:2007-04-02
1634:2007-04-02
1603:August 24,
1565:2010-12-21
1521:2008-06-11
1384:2019-10-26
1359:2019-10-26
1328:2008-06-11
1232:2021-06-27
1155:2006-05-30
1032:August 24,
1004:References
921:King P-234
917:homozygous
890:Poco Bueno
832:Impressive
802:horse show
761:Impressive
716:See also:
712:Stock type
508:race horse
504:show horse
463:Rocket Bar
455:Three Bars
439:Old Sorrel
435:King Ranch
392:King Ranch
345:Steel Dust
321:See also:
198:equestrian
3239:Chickasaw
2968:Appaloosa
2543:Can Vet J
2439:The Horse
2265:The Horse
1978:927499663
1945:794554681
1910:August 9,
1488:Denhardt
1398:Sir Archy
1104:pp. 20–32
1100:Denhardt
1087:Denhardt
947:recessive
944:autosomal
875:autosomal
825:autosomal
306:Nez Perce
279:New Spain
219:in 2022.
2993:Canadian
2749:10659313
2637:Archived
2600:12019699
2565:26130841
2414:Archived
2321:Archived
2185:19220734
2144:10659313
1688:Archived
1658:Archived
1628:Archived
1578:Wiggins
1458:22340285
1322:Archived
1226:Archived
987:See also
939:glycogen
935:tying up
913:glycogen
767:below).
694:cremello
670:palomino
666:buckskin
650:chestnut
617:16
567:dressage
540:gymkhana
467:Top Deck
360:Traveler
302:Shoshoni
298:Comanche
290:Mustangs
213:Oklahoma
44:chestnut
3227:Extinct
3108:Mustang
2611:Sources
2556:4466833
2492:7 March
2389:7 March
2351:7 March
2296:7 March
2101:7 March
2073:7 March
2048:7 March
1449:3309927
1299:Close,
1172:p. xxxi
1091:pp. 4–8
1073:23 June
962:cropout
899:cutting
800:-rated
728:cutting
724:Reining
690:perlino
590:reining
581:units.
577:and in
548:reining
544:cutting
518:horse,
516:cutting
512:reining
412:Arabian
404:cowboys
388:ranches
311:ranches
256:⁄
194:driving
190:English
174:cutting
170:reining
165:horse.
140:⁄
3218:Welara
3148:Quarab
3128:Nokota
3093:Morgan
2983:Blazer
2978:Banker
2792:
2764:
2747:
2682:
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2598:
2563:
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2183:
2142:
1976:
1966:
1943:
1933:
1748:
1718:
1582:p. 166
1456:
1446:
1432:: 78.
1287:p. 193
1258:
1205:
1130:p. 138
1117:p. 106
993:Quarab
861:allele
744:Halter
696:, and
682:grullo
646:sorrel
642:colors
559:cattle
538:; and
416:Morgan
349:Shiloh
339:Early
155:rodeos
70:Traits
3208:Tiger
3088:Morab
2214:(PDF)
2203:(PDF)
1874:(PDF)
1867:(PDF)
1842:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1559:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1353:(PDF)
1346:(PDF)
966:pinto
763:(see
749:hands
698:white
662:brown
658:black
627:hands
619:hands
524:ranch
520:rodeo
431:Wimpy
400:rodeo
286:feral
237:Janus
209:Texas
163:ranch
133:horse
129:breed
123:, or
2790:ISBN
2762:ISBN
2745:PMID
2680:ISBN
2661:ISBN
2596:PMID
2561:PMID
2494:2024
2447:2019
2391:2024
2353:2024
2298:2024
2273:2019
2247:2019
2222:2019
2181:PMID
2140:PMID
2103:2024
2075:2024
2050:2024
2025:2012
2004:2019
1974:OCLC
1964:ISBN
1941:OCLC
1931:ISBN
1912:2008
1850:2019
1814:2015
1746:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1605:2019
1538:p. 1
1454:PMID
1256:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1075:2023
1034:2015
884:and
836:AQHA
798:USEF
726:and
686:roan
674:gray
569:and
557:and
546:and
534:and
514:and
325:and
304:and
203:The
119:The
2735:doi
2588:doi
2551:PMC
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2171:doi
2130:doi
1444:PMC
1434:doi
925:DNA
814:DNA
706:DNA
678:dun
654:bay
246:As
131:of
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