228:
694:. He first writes about her in 1891, noting that she is a capital worker though "a bolder, wilder girl I never saw". He describes her capacity to run all over the site and clear the trenches for excavation with wonder, also commenting on her good looks and marriage prospects. He writes about her cousin, Rizq, as well, and her abilities to haul earth. Bliss provided a unique insight into the lives of two of the women comprising the PEF workforce. Subsequent directors only referred to the women in their employ as anonymous labourers, sometimes complaining that they brought too much gossip—though in Bliss' journals, he recounts more familial and romantic tension that caused trouble on site among the men.
116:"This country of Palestine belongs to you and me, it is essentially ours. It was given to the Father of Israel in the words: "Walk through the land in the length of it, and in the breadth of it, for I will give it unto thee". We mean to walk through Palestine in the length and in the breadth of it, because that land has been given unto us. It is the land from which comes news of our Redemption. It is the land towards which we turn as the fountain of all our hopes; it is the land to which we may look with as true a patriotism as we do in this dear old England, which we love so much."
675:
267:"... he concentrated on excavating shafts down beneath the ground to the level of the lower parts of the external Temple Mount walls, recording the different types of stonework he encountered at different levels and other features, such as Robinson's Arch on the western side and the Herodian street below it. ... in 1884 the PEF published a large portfolio of 50 of Warren's maps, plans and drawings titled Plans, Elevations, Sections, etc., Shewing the Results of the Excavations at Jerusalem, 1867–70 (now known as the 'Warren Atlas')."
687:, a village six miles away from the Tell. Most of the men slept at camp, "digging little shallow graves for a bed", but "the women and girls had the long walk both before and after work. Six miles' walk before 6.30a.m., and six miles' walk after 5p.m., with a hard day's work of carrying earth-piled baskets on the head in between". He comments that this does not seem like an easy life, but more women and girls applied for work than he could employ.
33:
45:
275:, a prominent social reformer, told the Annual General Meeting of the PEF that "We have there a land teeming with fertility and rich in history, but almost without an inhabitant – a country without a people, and look! scattered over the world, a people without a country." It was one of the earliest usages by a prominent politician of the phrase "
682:
Through the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women were frequently employed by the Fund to carry baskets of soil from the excavations to the dump. These women also cut back brush and dug. The majority of these women remain nameless, as they were hired to perform hard labour on behalf of
210:
ur object is strictly an inductive inquiry. We are not to be a religious society; we are not about to launch controversy; we are about to apply the rules of science, which are so well understood by us in our branches, to an investigation into the facts concerning the Holy Land. "No country should be
736:
The PEF holds regular events and lectures and provides annual grants for various projects. In partnership with the
British Museum Department of Middle East, the Palestine Exploration Fund hosts free lectures that reflect the diverse interests of their membership. The PEF also co-ordinates joint
727:
that the
Ottoman's Palestine region included historical Palestine, Jordan, southern Syria, Lebanon, the Sinai Peninsula and the island of Cyprus. The PEF's "goal was – and remains – to study the country, its people and its natural, ancient and cultural heritage," she added. The new Greenwich
766:
The PEF's offices also house collections of photographs, maps, specimens, manuscripts, and paintings. At their location in London, there are collections over 6,000 artefacts that range in date from 40,000 B.C. to the 19th century. The archives contain over 40,000 photographs of
215:
becomes, in its form, and therefore to some extent in its substance, a new book. Much would be gained by ...bringing to light the remains of so many races and generations which must lie concealed under the accumulation of rubbish and ruins on which those villages stand
779:. Objects come from sites in the South Levant, in particular from Jerusalem, Tell el Hesi, and Samaria. The material comes almost exclusively from PEF excavations carried out between the 1860s to the 1930s. Items on display include artefacts from excavations by
728:
headquarters provides more space for PEF collections and its specialist library. "Now we can welcome many more scholars and we can look forward to developing collaborative projects with other institutions both in the UK and internationally," Cobbing said.
798:
Also at the PEF is an archive of maps that is composed mainly of documents, letters, reports, plans and maps compiled by the explorers and scholars who worked for the PEF. These explorers include
Charles Warren in Jerusalem and Palestine (1867–1870),
211:
of so much interest to us as that in which the documents of our Faith were written, and the momentous events they describe enacted. At the same time no country more urgently requires illustration ... Even to a casual traveller in the Holy Land the
737:
lectures with the
Council for British Research in the Levant, the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society, the Society for Arabian Studies, and the Egypt Exploration Society. Once a year, an Annual General Meeting (AGM) is held before an lecture.
757:
The committee welcomes interdisciplinary applications relating to the fund's aims, as well as those relating to the PEF's archival collections. The PEF grants are open to all members of the PEF or someone who is becoming a member.
807:
on the Survey of
Western Palestine (1872–1878), the Survey of Eastern Palestine (1880–81) and the Wady Arabah (1883-4), the excavations of Flinders Petrie and Frederick Jones Bliss at Tell el Hesi (1890–1892), the excavations of
683:
the trained archaeologists. Bliss took an active interest in the lives of his workers—though not necessarily in their well-being—recording a few names and stories. In his diary, Bliss wrote that most of the workers were from
247:
led PEF's biggest expedition. Warren and his team improved the topography of
Jerusalem and discovered the ancient water systems that lay beneath this city. The water system was later named
1208:
F. J. Bliss, "Report of
Excavations at Tell-El-Hesy during the Spring of 1891: Excavating from its Picturesque Side". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 23, 4 (October 1891), 282-298
276:
138:
and clergymen who supported the survey financed the creation of the fund. It was founded on 22 June 1865 with initial funding of £300. The most notable of the founders were
1549:
1467:
Levin, N. (2006) "The
Palestine exploration fund map (1871–1877) of the holy land as a tool for analysing landscape changes: the coastal dunes of Israel as a case study",
187:
wrote of the foundation that "s far as its aims were concerned this organization was but a re-institution of a
Society formed about the year 1804 under the name of the
751:"to promote research into the archaeology and history, manners and customs and culture, topography, geology and natural sciences of biblical Palestine and the Levant"
164:. Its founders established the fund "for the purpose of investigating the Archaeology, Geography, manners, customs and culture, Geology and Natural History of the
1171:
272:
95:. Its remit was considered to fall between an expeditionary survey and military intelligence gathering. There was also strong religious interest from Christians;
283:
279:," which was to become widely used by advocates of Jewish settlement in Palestine. And, he added: "But let it return into the hands of the Israelites..."
1554:
655:
1505:
823:
In addition to these items, the PEF also maintains a collection of photographs of expeditions, coins, natural history, models, and historic forgeries.
191:... it is interesting to note that the General Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund recognized an organic connection with the earlier Society."
413:
Regarding the latter, great emphasis was placed upon the nomenclature "Holy Land", so the notion of religion could never have been far away. Also (
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894:
32:
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The journal of the PEF devoted to the study of the history, archaeology and geography of the Levant has appeared under two successive titles:
1001:
311:
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Archaeology in the 'Land of Tells and Ruins': A History of
Excavations in the Holy Land Inspired by the Photographs and Accounts of Leo Boer
227:
378:
203:
122:
96:
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by Royal Engineers of the War Department. The Fund is the oldest known organization in the world created specifically for the study of the
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1429:
1461:
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Each year the Palestine Exploration Fund offers grants for travel and research related to topics connected with its founding aims.
417:) stress was laid upon the fact that "The Society numbers among its supporters Christians and Jews". (Muslims were not mentioned.)
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501:
1559:
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160:
106:
of the War Department. The PEF members sent back reports to the UK on the need to salvage and modernise the Levant region.
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131:
72:
353:
The first 21 years of the fund are summarised in PEF (1886). Its chapters and persons mentioned include the following:
784:
1139:
795:. The PEF also has a collection of casts from original items that now reside in different areas around the world.
869:
17:
546:
535:
103:
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826:
The PEF also houses a library containing books pertaining to the diverse interests of itself and its members.
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1239:
http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/palestine-exploration-fund-moves-show-levantine-heritage-culture-london
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348:
92:
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1046:"Pioneering British exploration and scriptural geography: The Syrian Society/The Palestine Association"
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663:
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135:
88:
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143:
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Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement. April, 1878. p.102; Treasurer's Report pp.28-31.
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768:
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184:
80:
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171:
The roots of the Palestine Exploration Fund lie in a literary society founded by British Consul
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972:
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809:
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147:
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F. J. Bliss, "Notes from Tell El Hesy", Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 24:3 (1892), 192-196
1509:
1065:
813:
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557:
1445:
Gibson, S. (1999) "British Archaeological Institutions in Mandatory Palestine, 1917-1948",
194:
The preliminary meeting of the Society of the Palestine Exploration Fund took place in the
1454:
Measuring Jerusalem: The Palestine Exploration Fund and British Interests in the Holy Land
568:
483:
326:
1487:
1061:
282:
In 1878, the Treasurer's statement listed over 130 local associations of the PEF in the
220:
The PEF conducted many early excavations of biblical and post-biblical sites around the
817:
780:
703:
609:
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472:
321:
306:
252:
244:
52:
87:, its initial objective was to carry out surveys of the topography and ethnography of
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993:
The Holy Land in English Culture 1799-1917: Palestine and the Question of Orientalism
800:
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605:
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331:
224:, as well as studies involving natural history, anthropology, history and geography.
1241:, Palestine Exploration Fund moves to show Levantine heritage, culture off in London
895:"Palestine Exploration Fund moves to show Levantine heritage, culture off in London"
482:(1872–1877); The majority of the work of the survey was carried out by men from the
1193:
Palestine Exploration Fund, n. d. John Winter Crowfoot, 1873-1959. Available from:
988:
Report of the Proceedings at a public meeting, 22 June 1865, 8, PEF/1865/2. Quoted
691:
594:
553:
497:
232:
151:
408:
That it should not be started, nor should it be conducted, as a religious society.
1140:
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-walls-of-the-temple-mount-2-vols/
991:
206:, the Archbishop of York, publicly read the original prospectus at this meeting;
180:
922:
Kathleen Stewart Howe, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, St. Louis Art Museum (1997)
635:
590:
263:, provides more specifics about Warren's work, as summarized in a book review:
707:
516:
172:
44:
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in 1919. The School worked with the Fund in joint excavations at Jerusalem's
1041:
715:
512:
291:
287:
165:
398:
That whatever was undertaken should be carried out on scientific principles
286:(including Ireland). There were also branches in Canada and Australia, and
654:
The Palestine Exploration Fund was also involved in the foundation of the
642:
until his murder in 1938. Finds included some of the earliest examples of
816:'s excavations at Ain Shems-Beth Shemesh in 1910–1912, C. L. Woolley and
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56:
48:
1305:
393:), Archbishop Thomson laid down three basic principles for the Society:
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256:
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527:
221:
76:
68:
714:, London, but in early 2019, the PEF moved to 5-6 Dreadnought Walk,
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Heuda is one woman employed to work on an excavation with Bliss, at
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1091:
924:
Revealing the Holy Land: the photographic exploration of Palestine
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673:
659:
542:
226:
212:
43:
1251:
1226:
1331:
721:
Chief Executive and Curator of the PEF, Felicity Cobbing, told
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71:. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the
1195:
http://www.pef.org.uk/profiles/john-winter-crowfoot-1873-1959
948:
Picturing Place: Photography and the Geographical Imagination
820:
on the Wilderness of Zin Survey (1913–14), and many others.
403:
That the Society should, as a body, abstain from controversy
31:
515:(1890); led by F. Bliss, focussing on the southern edge of
99:, Archbishop of York, was the first president of the PEF.
1031:. London. Marshall, Morgan,& Scott. 1929. p. 252.
251:, after his work. They also made the first excavations of
1481:
1280:
51:: Mark on boulder used by the PEF as a reference level (
702:
For some years, the fund's office was located north of
467:
Elsewhere the following activities have been reported:
125:, the Archbishop of York and first President of the PEF
102:
As a result, the PEF had a complex relationship with
1508:, volumes 1-40 (1870–1908) with omissions, from the
1420:
Palestinian Walks: Forays into a Vanishing Landscape
969:
A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples
678:
Women grind grain with a hand mill, Palestine (1900)
567:
Archaeological Survey (1913–1914); conducted by Sir
489:The Ordnance Survey of Sinai (1872); undertaken by
471:Excavations in Jerusalem (1867–1870); conducted by
277:
A land without a people for a people without a land
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294:. Expenditure in 1877 amounted to £2,959 14s 11d.
1204:
1202:
18:Quarterly Statement – Palestine Exploration Fund
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114:
1531:, future head of the PEF. Accessed Aug. 2021.
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666:, was Chairman of the PEF from 1945 to 1950.
8:
662:in the 1920s. The school's second director,
1524:The Making of a Pasha: Charles Moore Watson
1275:
1273:
1170:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
656:British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem
1550:1865 establishments in the United Kingdom
1142:, The Walls of the Temple Mount (2 vols.)
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237:The Survey of Western Palestine-Jerusalem
1527:, about the military career in Egypt of
942:
940:
500:(1890–1893); under the direction of Sir
457:Chronological Summary of the Fund's Work
121:Speech at the first meeting of the PEF:
946:Joan M. Schwartz, James R. Ryan (2003)
886:
670:Women of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1456:, Leicester University Press: London.
1163:
297:Notable persons associated with PEF:
7:
990:Bar-Yosef, Eitan (27 October 2005).
852:
379:William Thomson (Archbishop of York)
59:in the beginning of the 20th century
1152:Palestine Exploration Fund (1875).
926:, University of California Press,
25:
1555:Organizations established in 1865
996:. Clarendon Press. pp. 7–8.
1070:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2011.00404.x
183:have survived from this period.
130:Following the completion of the
1500:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
1447:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
845:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
502:William Matthew Flinders Petrie
439:The Survey of Eastern Palestine
433:The Survey of Western Palestine
255:, site of the biblical city of
36:Palestinian Exploration Fund's
27:British society founded in 1865
1285:The Palestine Exploration Fund
1119:. Oxbow Books. p. 122ff.
1088:The Palestine Exploration Fund
875:The Palestine Oriental Society
436:The Archaeological Expeditions
357:The Foundation of the Society
67:is a British society based in
1:
1575:Organisations based in London
1570:History of Palestine (region)
1227:https://www.pef.org.uk/about/
261:The Walls of the Temple Mount
1488:Definition, from PEF website
1154:Quarterly Statement for 1875
971:Cambridge University Press,
865:Syro-Palestinian archaeology
448:The Monuments of the Country
427:The Excavations at Jerusalem
421:The Chronicle of the Society
132:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
83:. Often simply known as the
73:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
1306:"Archaeological Collection"
785:Sir William Flinders Petrie
612:(1929-1933); led by Petrie.
161:Grove's Dictionary of Music
1591:
1545:Palestine Exploration Fund
1482:Palestine Exploration Fund
1388:Palestine Exploration Fund
1362:Palestine Exploration Fund
1336:Palestine Exploration Fund
1310:Palestine Exploration Fund
1256:Palestine Exploration Fund
1029:Reminiscences of Mrs. Finn
346:
65:Palestine Exploration Fund
1113:Wagemakers, Bart (2014).
870:Egyptian Exploration Fund
851:For more see below under
1471:, 43(1), pp. 45–67.
1469:The Cartographic Journal
1449:, 131, pp. 115–143.
1050:The Geographical Journal
631:University of Jerusalem.
547:R. A. Stewart Macalister
536:R. A. Stewart Macalister
430:The Desert of the Exodus
389:In his opening address (
181:photographs of Palestine
158:and was responsible for
154:, who later founded the
104:Corps of Royal Engineers
646:written on over twenty
511:Excavations resumed at
480:PEF Survey of Palestine
349:PEF Survey of Palestine
259:. A 2013 publication,
136:Biblical archaeologists
93:PEF Survey of Palestine
1565:British archaeologists
1452:Moscrop, J. J. (1999)
1424:. Simon and Schuster.
1044:; Goren, Haim (2011).
1019:Shehadeh, 2007, p. 46.
753:
679:
528:Tell Zakariya (Azekah)
454:The Work of the Future
269:
240:
218:
156:Royal College of Music
118:
79:region, also known as
60:
41:
1560:Archaeology of Israel
830:Quarterly publication
789:Frederick Jones Bliss
677:
604:Excavations south of
442:The Geological Survey
347:Further information:
265:
230:
208:
189:Palestine Association
47:
35:
1358:"Documents and Maps"
812:at Gezer (1902–06),
664:John Winter Crowfoot
640:James Leslie Starkey
638:(1934–1938); led by
619:(1931–1933); led by
545:(1902–1908); led by
530:(1897–1899); led by
424:The First Expedition
55:) for surveying the
1506:Quarterly Statement
1502:at the PEF homepage
1484:- official web site
1062:2011GeogJ.177..264K
839:Quarterly Statement
712:City of Westminster
445:Smaller Expeditions
369:Edward Henry Palmer
317:Edward Henry Palmer
273:Earl of Shaftesbury
177:Elizabeth Anne Finn
38:Quarterly Statement
1156:. London. p.
967:Ilan Pappé (2004)
847:(PEQ, since 1937).
680:
532:Frederick J. Bliss
506:Frederick J. Bliss
463:'s identifications
241:
185:Frederick J. Bliss
61:
42:
1094:on 3 January 2019
1003:978-0-19-926116-1
841:(Q.S., 1869–1937)
810:R.A.S. Macalister
805:Horatio Kitchener
565:Wilderness of Zin
475:and Henry Birtles
200:Westminster Abbey
196:Jerusalem Chamber
140:Arthur P. Stanley
89:Ottoman Palestine
16:(Redirected from
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1510:Internet Archive
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582:(1920s); led by
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302:Claude R. Conder
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91:– producing the
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672:
597:(1925); led by
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556:(1911); led by
541:Excavations at
526:Excavations at
496:Excavations at
484:Royal Engineers
372:Kathleen Kenyon
351:
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327:Kathleen Kenyon
233:Noble Sanctuary
204:William Thomson
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123:William Thomson
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1414:Shehadeh, Raja
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599:Dorothy Garrod
589:Excavation of
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578:Excavation at
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573:T. E. Lawrence
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552:Excavation at
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521:Pool of Siloam
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363:Charles Warren
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343:Early projects
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322:T. E. Lawrence
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312:Lord Kitchener
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253:Tell es-Sultan
249:Warren's Shaft
245:Charles Warren
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