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demolished and rebuilt in 1865. From 1770 to 1871, the gate doors were closed at night, disrupting local trade. The doors were later removed in 1871 permitting the free flow of traffic into the Upper Town on Rue St. Jean. The gates were rebuilt again in 1939, in an effort to make the gate better resemble the design of Kent Gate and Saint-Louis Gate.
599:, and the Citadelle of Quebec. In particular, portions of the Citadelle of Quebec are integrated with the rest of the city's ramparts. All the sites date from 1608 to 1871. At one point, the depth of the defensive works surrounding Upper Town was 75-metre-wide (246 ft) when factoring its the city walls, ditches, outworks, and the
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Saint-Louis Gate is built on rue Saint-Louis whose location dates to the late 17th century. However, the present gate was built in 1878, to replace the older gate with one more "aesthetically pleasing". Like Saint-Jean Gate, the doors of Saint-Louis Gate were closed at night, disrupting local traffic
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The ramparts of Quebec City are situated atop Cap
Diamont, a large promontory in the city. The ramparts encircled the western portions of the Upper Town of Old Quebec, with the other sides of the Upper Town protected by steep cliffs with a 90-metre-drop (300 ft). The total length of the ramparts
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on Cap
Diamant, and several defensive works in the Plains of Abraham. Construction based on these designs was started 1820; with most of the plan being realized barring several alterations. Repairs to the existing enceinte and five new powder magazines were also built along the fortifications. Work
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Approximately 300 cannon pieces were placed around the rampart in 1837. During the mid-19th century, the military's interest in maintaining the fortifications often conflicted with the developmental interests of the city. When
British forces withdrew from the city in 1871, a number of sites were
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in 1775. From the 1820s to 1830s, the
British expanded and improved the ramparts and the rest of the city's defensive network. However, by the late 19th century, several deteriorating facilities associated with Quebec City's fortifications were demolished, although the primary defences remained.
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Rue St-Jean runs through Saint-Jean Gate, whose present location dates back to 1770. The original location of Saint-Jean Gate was further east on Rue St-Jean and was erected in 1693 where the ramparts were located at that time. The gate was rebuilt at its present location in 1770, although was
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built into the ramparts that provide access to Old Quebec's Upper Town including Kent Gate, Prescott Gate, Saint-Jean Gate, and Saint-Louis Gate. During the mid-18th century, the ramparts had three city gates, although several other gates were later built in the mid-19th centuries. However the
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However, several flaws were evident in the 1745 design, with the rampart's flanks being exposed against several high points further west of the city and its hasty construction in the midst of a panic over a potential attack. The condition of the ramparts were in bad repair by 1759, with French
281:, Canada. The ramparts date back to the 17th century, with the ramparts having undergone a succession of modifications and improvements throughout their history. The city walls extend 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi), with the southern portions of the ramparts forming a part of the
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sparked a renewed interest in improving the city's defences, with a series of wood and earthworks formed along the redoubt and heights of Cap
Diamond; acting as a temporary citadel. New designs that recognized the strategic importance of the 1745 ramparts were later created by
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demolition of two city gates, Palace Gate and Hope Gate in the 19th century left the ramparts with a total of four city gates. Plans were in place to demolish the Saint-Jean and Saint-Louis gates in 1871, although intervention from Lord
Dufferin prevented their demolition.
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demolished to make way for new developments, including the old military gates of the ramparts. Several structures of the deteriorated city fortifications were demolished during the late 19th century, although the primary defences of the city remained after the
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Although
British officials in Quebec raised several concerns about improving the city's fortifications, little work was done to the ramparts in the initial decades of British-rule; with the British only making necessary preservation works to the ramparts. The
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The ramparts of Quebec City form a part of the
Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada, which is made up of several sites associated with the historic defences for the city’s Upper Town and Lower Town; along the north shore of the
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is approximately 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi). Initially built in the 17th century, the walls were rebuilt in 1745 by the French and improved and extended during the 1820s and 1830s by the
British.
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took place several years later in 1693. The enceinte was built around the city, made up of 11 redoubts joined by palisades. As most of Quebec's Upper Town was situated along the steep cliffs of
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Sections of the ramparts were rebuilt and restored in subsequent years. Two city gates were rebuilt in the 1870s, while the other two gates were rebuilt in the 1930s and the 1980s.
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The ramparts were first built in 1690 in order to defend the Upper Town of Quebec City. In 1745, the walls were rebuilt further west, modelled after designs created by
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Prescott Gate was a gate whose location dates back to 1797. Prescott Gate was rebuilt twice, in 1871, and again in 1983. The gate is named was named by and after
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are presently exposed at the
Citadelle. Small openings that pierce the wall allowed people to travel to the outworks when the city gates were closed.
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On 25 May 1948, the ramparts of Quebec City, along with several buildings and structures associated with Quebec's defences were designated as a
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Work taking place for the planned destruction of Saint-Louis Gate in 1871. The gates were later preserved, due to the intervention of the
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603:. However, the depth of this defensive network was later reduced in order to accommodate developments to the west of the city walls.
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in 1985; with Old Quebec being the only intact example of a fortified walled colonial settlement in North America north of Mexico.
292:. The ramparts withstood several sieges during the mid-18th century, with British forces holding out in the walled city during the
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in 1985; with the area serving as the only intact example of a fortified colonial settlement in North America north of Mexico.
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425:. The city's ramparts were used by the British forces in the following year, allowing them to hold out against a French
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583:. These sites include the actual ramparts in addition to other supporting components, such as barracks, guard posts,
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to assemble his forces outside the walled city on the Plains of Abraham to meet the British; which resulted in the
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with elevated walls. From 1620 to 1665, a series of rudimentary fortifications were built to defend the city.
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until reinforcements arrived by sea. The ramparts were used again fifteen years later, when soldiers of the
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579:. Other sites related to the national historic site also exist on the south shore of the river in
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A succession of modifications and additions were made to the fortifications until 1745. After the
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make up a significant portion of the materials used to build the fortifications. An underground
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French Fortresses in North America 1535–1763: Québec, Montréal, Louisbourg and New Orleans
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on the expansion plan was not completed until the late 1830s, with the completion of the
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began shortly after its settlement by the French in 1608. The initial settlement, the
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468:. The plans included the extension of the 1745 ramparts along with several
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The city's defence complex, including its ramparts, were designated as the
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316:. The ramparts, alongside the rest of Old Quebec, were designated as a
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27:"Quebec Ramparts" redirects here. For the junior ice hockey team, see
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was built into the ramparts during the 1750s, referred to as the
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The city's first real defensive walls were erected shortly after
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408:, with the bastions on the fortifications of the city labelled
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Québec, The Fortified City: From the 17th to the 19th Century
1275:
Picturesque Quebec : a sequel to Quebec past and present
539:(labels in French). Text in red denotes demolished city gates
385:, the residents of Quebec City went into panic, resulting in
370:, fortifying the western periphery of Upper Town, facing the
417:. The condition of the ramparts was partly what led General
864:"Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada"
387:
François de Beauharnois de la Chaussaye, Baron de Beauville
1304:
Carbonneau, André; Desloges, Yvon; Lafrance, Marc (1982).
195:
Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada
1320:
Quebec, Past and Present: A History of Quebec, 1608-1876
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Wood and green sandstone quarried from the borough of
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commanders making note of its condition prior to the
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Saint-Jean Gate in 1867 prior to its reconstruction
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Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
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671:Saint-Jean Gate in 2012 after its reconstruction
505:, intervened in order to preserve the ramparts.
1334:Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site
306:Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site
1231:. Avalon Travel Publishing. pp. 187–188.
1355:
683:until they were permanently removed in 1871.
615:View of Kent Gate, one of the four remaining
358:. The city walls were completed prior to the
331:Construction of makeshift fortifications for
8:
448:Depiction of the ramparts near Palace Gate,
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535:Diagram of fortifications in Upper Town,
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512:. The ramparts, along with the rest of
1206:"A Citadel against the city's horizon"
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595:'s property, the Dauphin redoubt, the
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1164:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2021
312:also includes the Citadelle and the
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1318:Le Moine, James MacPherson (1876).
713:List of cities with defensive walls
1609:Tourist attractions in Quebec City
1184:"The reasons for a defence system"
395:Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de LĂ©ry
290:Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de LĂ©ry
269:that surrounds the western end of
157:Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de LĂ©ry
25:
1604:National Historic Sites in Quebec
1371:National Historic Sites of Canada
1158:"Historic District of Old Quebec"
1138:. Parks Canada. 26 September 2019
1132:"Historic District of Old Québec"
894:"In the grip of a fortified city"
892:Lafrance, Marc (17 August 2017).
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510:National Historic Site of Canada
185:National Historic Site of Canada
1057:Cahiers de géographie du Québec
415:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
224:Historic District of Old Québec
391:Governor General of New France
1:
1208:. www.pc.gc.ca. 11 April 2017
1186:. www.pc.gc.ca. 11 April 2017
1112:. www.pc.gc.ca. 11 April 2017
1087:. www.pc.gc.ca. 11 April 2017
1029:. www.pc.gc.ca. 11 April 2017
970:. www.pc.gc.ca. 11 April 2017
968:"The mother country steps in"
449:
362:in 1690. Work on an improved
943:. Parks Canada. 4 April 2019
775:. Quebec City Tourism. 2021
746:. Quebec City Tourism. 2021
36:City wall in Quebec, Canada
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1053:"Quebec City in the 1830s"
499:Governor General of Canada
490:governor general of Canada
461:American Revolutionary War
296:in 1760, and the American
213:UNESCO World Heritage Site
205:UNESCO World Heritage Site
26:
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1406:Newfoundland and Labrador
996:. Bloomsburg Publishing.
247:
243:
239:
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62:
1624:Fortifications in Canada
1273:Le Moine, J. M. (1882).
1229:Montreal and Quebec City
992:Chartrand, René (2013).
868:Canada's Historic Places
419:Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
406:American siege of Quebec
263:Fortifications de Québec
47:Fortifications de Québec
255:ramparts of Quebec City
121:46.809973°N 71.211609°W
42:Ramparts of Quebec City
1051:Parker, W. H. (1959).
1027:"The conquerors' turn"
808:. City of Quebec. 2002
806:www.quebecheritage.com
619:
540:
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472:added to its walls, a
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423:capitulation of Quebec
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379:Fortress of Louisbourg
374:, was given priority.
310:national historic site
294:French siege of Quebec
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1486:Northwest Territories
821:11 September 2012 at
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534:
516:were designated as a
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126:46.809973; -71.211609
1448:Prince Edward Island
1322:. Oxford University.
1110:"A city under siege"
1085:"The Martello tower"
622:There are four main
593:Hôtel-Dieu de Québec
569:Saint Lawrence River
441:by American forces.
381:fell to the British
354:fell to the British
337:Habitation de Québec
235:cultural: (iv), (vi)
1227:Edwards, Jennifer.
937:"Interesting facts"
521:World Heritage Site
479:Citadelle of Quebec
321:World Heritage Site
283:Citadelle of Quebec
117: /
1544:History portal
802:"Military History"
773:"Porte Saint-Jean"
744:"Porte Saint-Jean"
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575:in the borough of
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1556:Canada portal
573:Montmorency River
553:artillery battery
527:Design and layout
437:held off another
372:Plains of Abraham
273:'s Upper Town in
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1336:– Parks Canada
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453: 1825
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368:Cap Diamant
333:Quebec City
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162:Gother Mann
124: /
100:Coordinates
89:Quebec City
1614:Old Quebec
1599:City walls
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