2462:: "(they) are not nations that can be yanked out of Canada against their will by a provincial majority.... With few exceptions (they) wish to enjoy their right to self-government within Canada, not within a sovereign Quebec." International human rights expert Erica-Irene Daes says the change "will leave the most marginalized and excluded of all the world's peoples without a legal, peaceful weapon to press for genuine democracy...." This concern is connected to the claim that if Quebec were to be considered its own autonomous nation-state then it need not honour the treaties and agreements that were signed between First Nations and the British and French Crowns and are now maintained by the Canadian federal government. Concern for this may stem from perception of neo-colonial or eurocentric attitudes in the leadership of former Quebec premiers, such as
1506:
1855:
follows to the first hard line question of "Do you believe that Quebec should become a country separate from Canada?" 34% replied yes, 54% said no, and 13% were unsure. To the less clear question of "Do you agree that Quebec should become sovereign after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new economic and political partnership within a scope of the bill respecting the future of Quebec?" support for separation increased to 40% yes, the no vote still led with 41%, and the unsure increased to 19%. The most startling revelation of the poll was in the fact that only 20% or 1 in 5 polled believed that Quebec would ever separate from Canada.
2669:
numbers surprise me, they're so clear across the country.... You look at
Francophones outside Quebec, it's the same result.... Overall, outside the French in Quebec, all the other groups across the country are against this notion." The exact question of the November 2006 poll was, "Currently, there is a political debate on recognizing Quebec as a nation. Do you personally consider that Quebecers form a nation or not?" Canadians from every region outside Quebec, non-Francophone Quebecers (62 percent), Francophone Canadians outside Quebec (77 percent) all rejected the idea.
1769:
833:
1755:
Commons the power to decide whether a proposed referendum question was considered clear, and allowed it to decide whether a clear majority has expressed itself in any referendum. It is widely considered by sovereignists as an illegitimate piece of legislation, who asserted that Quebec alone had the right to determine its terms of secession. Chrétien considered the legislation among his most significant accomplishments.
1851:
believe that Quebec does need greater sovereignty but should remain part of Canada. However the poll did reveal that a majority (79%) of
Quebecers still desired to achieve more autonomy. The number one area of autonomy that those polled had hoped for was with regard to culture at 34%, the next highest areas of autonomy cherished were the economy at 32%, taxation at 26%, and immigration and the environment at 15% each.
1354:
difficult economic times, as the barriers to trade between Canada and the United States were then very high. Quebec would have been a nation of 7 million people stuck between two impenetrable protectionist countries. In the event of having to compete against Quebec, rather than support it, Canada could easily maintain its well-established links with the United States to prosper in foreign trade.
77:
1799:"Sovereignty-Association" is nowadays more often referred to simply as "sovereignty". However, in the 1995 Quebec referendum, in which the sovereignty option was narrowly rejected, the notion of some form of economic association with the rest of Canada was still envisaged (continuing use of the Canadian dollar and military, for example) and was referred to as "Sovereignty-Partnership" (French:
5313:
2703:
2490:
1673:
767:
325:
138:
2802:
5832:
1576:
1208:
1074:
497:
36:
605:, began. During this period, French Canadians began to express an indigenous form of nationalism which emphasized their longstanding residence in North America. To most French Canadians, the only Canadians were the descendants of the French settlers of New France, while the British colonists were viewed as an extension of Britain. The period was briefly interrupted by the
2455:), and as citizens of Canada. The Cree have stated that a unilateral declaration of independence by Quebec would be a violation of fundamental principles of human rights, democracy and consent. If secession were to proceed, the Cree argue that they would seek protection through the Canadian courts as well as asserting Cree jurisdiction over its people and lands.
2389:. With regard to the creation of the sovereignist movement, language issues were but a sub-stratum of larger cultural, social and political differences. Many scholars point to historical events as framing the cause for ongoing support for sovereignty in Quebec, while more contemporary politicians may point to the aftermath of more recent developments like the
455:
sovereigntists cite is that if Quebec were independent, Québécois would have a national citizenship, which would solve the problem of Québécois cultural identity in the North
American context (ex. who is a Québécois and who is not, what is uniquely Québécois, etc.). Another example is that by establishing an independent Quebec, sovereigntists believe that the
3855:
848:, as this section doesn't explain the events of the Quiet Revolution and how it made the modern sovereignist movement emerge. As such, the reader will understand the modern movement poorly and won't understand how it led to the referendums. The sentences here also fail to flow into each other to tell a cohesive series of events.
987:'s city hall during a state visit to Canada. In doing so, he deeply offended the federal government, and English Canadians felt he had demonstrated contempt for the sacrifice of Canadian soldiers who died on the battlefields of France in two world wars. The visit was cut short and de Gaulle left the country.
668:
unforeseen event, as we are offered from time to time in the course of the present times, provides us with a favorable opportunity to take our place among the independent sovereignties of
America. We missed two great opportunities: let's all be prepared for a third. – 1837 Address of the Sons of Liberty
296: – a principle that includes the possibility of choosing between integration with a third state, political association with another state or independence – so that QuĂ©bĂ©cois, collectively and by democratic means, give themselves a sovereign state with its own independent
2442:
from
Akwsasne: "How can Quebec, with no economic base and no land base, ask to become sovereign? How can Quebec be a nation when they have no constitution? We have had a constitution since before the American revolution." Here the argument expresses the claim that the Mohawk nation has a greater case
2354:
majority (78% of the provincial population) are threatened with assimilation by either the rest of Canada or, as in
Metropolitan France, by Anglophone culture more generally, and that the best way to preserve language, identity and culture is via the creation of an independent political entity. Other
1754:
would recognize a vote by any province to leave Canada. It required a majority of eligible voters for a vote to trigger secession talks, not merely a plurality of votes. In addition, the act requires a clear question of secession to initiate secession talks. Controversially, the act gave the House of
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The Parti Québécois won re-election despite losing the popular vote to Jean
Charest and the Quebec Liberals. In the number of seats won by both sides, the election was almost a clone of the previous 1994 election. However, public support for sovereignty remained too low for the PQ to consider holding
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question differed from the 1980 question in that the negotiation of an association with Canada was now optional. The open-ended wording of the question resulted in significant confusion, particularly amongst the 'Yes' side, as to what exactly they were voting for. This was a primary motivator for the
1410:
Accusations of an orchestrated effort of "election engineering" in several polling stations in areas with large numbers of non-francophone voters, which resulted in unusually large proportions of rejected ballots, were raised following the 1995 referendum. Afterward, testimony by PQ-appointed polling
1353:
The hyphen between the words "sovereignty" and "association" was often stressed by LĂ©vesque and other PQ members, to make it clear that both were inseparable. The reason stated was that if Canada decided to boycott Quebec exports after voting for independence, the new country would have to go through
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LĂ©vesque expressly identified the EC as his model for forming a new relationship between sovereign Quebec and the rest of Canada, one that would loosen the political ties while preserving the economic links. The analogy, however, is counterproductive, suggesting LĂ©vesque did not understand the nature
667:
The perfidious plans of the
British authorities have broken all ties of sympathy with a motherland which shows itself to be insensitive. A separation has begun between parties whose union it will never be possible to cement again, but which will continue with increasing vigor, until an unexpected and
4048:
is set in
Toronto in the late 1970s and several characters watch and sometimes comment upon the elections and sovereignist movement in Quebec. The sovereignist movement and its struggles are metaphorically linked to the difficulties the characters in the novel have with separating their own personal
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In general, francophones outside Quebec oppose sovereignty or any form of national recognition for Quebec, while non-francophones, particularly the anglophone minority in
Montreal, have also remained opposed. After polling heavily on the subject, marketing firm president Mark Leger concluded: "These
1406:
An inquiry by the director-general of elections concluded in 2007 that at least $ 500,000 was spent by the federalist camp in violation of Quebec's election laws. This law imposes a limit on campaign spending by both option camps. Parizeau's statement was also an admission of failure by the Yes camp
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in June 2009 showed the support for Quebec separation was weaker at the time and separatism unlikely to occur in the near future. Polling data showed that 32% of Quebecers believe that Quebec had enough sovereignty and should remain part of Canada, 28% thought they should separate, and 30% say they
1391:
This time, the sovereignists lost in a very close vote: 50.6 percent to 49.4 percent, or only 53,498 votes out of more than 4,700,000 votes cast. However, after the vote many within the sovereignist camp were very upset that the vote broke down heavily along language lines. Approximately 90 percent
1375:
between Canada and Quebec, common tariffs against imports, and a common currency. In addition, joint political institutions would be established to administer these economic arrangements. But the sovereignist cause was hurt by the refusal of many politicians (most notably the premiers of several of
1155:
At its seventh national convention from June 1 to 3, 1979, the sovereignist adopted their strategy for the coming referendum. The PQ then began an aggressive effort to promote sovereignty-association by providing details of how the economic relations with the rest of Canada would include free trade
901:
On October 31, 1962, the Comité de libération nationale and, in November of the same year, the Réseau de résistance were set up. These two groups were formed by RIN members to organize non-violent but illegal actions, such as vandalism and civil disobedience. The most extremist individuals of these
471:
patriotic song appropriated by the anglophone majority of Canada. An independent Quebec would also adequately and definitively resolve the issue of needing to protect the French language in Quebec; French is the language of the majority in Quebec, but since it is the language of a cultural minority
4173:
by Harry Turtledove, the United States collapsed in the 1800s due to the retention of the Articles of Confederation, with states becoming sovereign nations by the 2090s. Quebec is an independent country in the 2090s, although it is not mentioned whether it remained an independent entity or seceded
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includes both real and fictional Québécois separatist movements as integral to the plot. In the story, the United States has merged with Canada and Mexico to form the Organization of North American Nations (ONAN). Wheelchair-using Quebec separatists use a video so entertaining it leads to death to
430:
Through parliamentarism, Québécois currently possess a certain democratic control over the Quebec state. However, within the Canadian federation, Quebec does not have all the constitutional powers that would allow it to act as a true national government. Furthermore, the policies pursued by Quebec
2450:
have also asserted for many years that they are a separate people with the right to self-determination recognized under international law. They argue that no annexation of them or their territory to an independent Quebec should take place without their consent, and that if Quebec has the right to
1854:
The 2009 Angus Reid poll also revealed some effects of the Clarity Act in which they asked two questions, one a straightforward question for a separate nation, and the other a more muddled version on separation similar to the one posed in the 1995 referendum. The data on the questions revealed as
1553:
nations did partially support Quebec sovereignty. In 1985, 59 percent of Quebec's Inuit population, 56 percent of the Attikamek population, and 49 percent of the Montagnais population voted in favour of the Sovereignist Parti Québécois party. That year, three out of every four native reservations
1362:
on sovereignty-association. René Lévesque developed the idea of sovereignty-association to reduce the fear that an independent Quebec would face tough economic times. In fact, this proposal did result in an increase in support for a sovereign Quebec: polls at the time showed that people were more
1357:
Sovereignty-association as originally proposed would have meant that Quebec would become a politically independent state, but would maintain a formal association with Canada — especially regarding economic affairs. It was part of the 1976 sovereignist platform which swept the Parti Québécois into
752:
took off, with René Lévesque as one of its most recognizable figures. Various strategies were implemented since its rise, and it constitutes a continuity in French-speaking nationalism in North America. Now the patriotism is Quebec-focused, and the identifier has been changed from French-Canadian
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discuss the nearby province of Quebec. Stanley muses that, being culturally French, the Québécois people would want to split off from the N.A.U. to become part of the Franco-Spanish Holy Alliance. However, the Francophobia of the Sons of Liberty prevents them from effectively joining forces with
405:
The idea of Quebec sovereignty is based on a nationalist vision and interpretation of historical facts and sociological realities in Quebec, which attest to the existence of a Québécois people and a Quebec nation. On November 27, 2006, the House of Commons of Canada adopted, by 266 votes to 16,
393:
are used to describe people adhering to this movement, although the latter term is perceived as pejorative by those concerned as it de-emphasizes that the sovereignty project aims to achieve political independence without severing economic connections with Canada. Most of the prime ministers of
1561:
of all origins voted "Yes". (82 percent of Quebecers are Francophone.) Later inquiries into irregularities determined that abuses had occurred on both sides: some argue that some "No" ballots had been rejected without valid reasons, and the October 27 "No" rally had evaded spending limitations
3991:
of the United States, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, the puppet states of Poland and Ukraine, and the neutral powers of Italy and the Netherlands. Since the United States organized this separation to weaken Anglophone Canada (and the UK by extension) and to aid in the
1868:
conducted a poll on the question. When asked whether they would vote Yes or No in the event of a referendum, 41% of the respondents said they would vote Yes. In 2011, the sovereignist movement splintered, with several new parties being formed by disaffected politicians, with some politicians
1387:
reads, "We, the people of Quebec, declare it our own will to be in full possession of all the powers of a state; to levy all our taxes, to vote on all our laws, to sign all our treaties and to exercise the highest power of all, conceiving, and controlling, by ourselves, our fundamental law."
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were supplanted by waves of British immigrants, notably outside of Quebec (where they became a minority) but within the province as well, as much of the province's economy was dominated by English-Canadians. The cause of Québécois nationalism, which waxed and waned over two centuries, gained
454:
Although Quebec's independence movement is a political movement, cultural and social concerns that are much older than the sovereignist movement, as well as Quebecers' national identity, are also at the base for the desire to emancipate Quebec's population. One of the main cultural arguments
1654:
to govern the wording of any future referendum questions and the conditions under which a vote for sovereignty would be recognized as legitimate. Federal Liberal politicians stated that the ambiguous wording of the 1995 referendum question was the primary impetus in the bill's drafting.
1452:
federal cabinet minister Lucien Bouchard. Several PC and Liberal members of the federal parliament left their parties to form the BQ. For the first time, the PQ supported pro-sovereigntist forces running in federal elections; during his lifetime LĂ©vesque had always opposed such a move.
677:
is the period beginning after the defeat of the Patriotes in the rebellions of 1837–1838 and lasting until the Quiet Revolution. It concerns the survival strategies employment by the French-Canadian nation and the ultramontane of the Catholic Church following the enactment of the
1338:
The type of association between an independent Quebec and the rest of Canada was described as a monetary and customs union as well as joint political institutions to administer the relations between the two countries. The main inspiration for this project was the then-emerging
1533:(native speakers of neither English nor French) in immigrant communities and first-generation descendants. The lowest support for the Yes side came from Mohawk, Cree, and Inuit voters in Quebec, some first Nations chiefs asserted their right to self-determination with the
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414:
unanimously adopted a motion recognizing "the positive character" of the motion adopted by Ottawa and proclaiming that said motion did not diminish "the inalienable rights, the constitutional powers and the privileges of the “National Assembly and of the Quebec nation”.
3911:, depicts a meeting between the president of Quebec and the prime minister of Canada to discuss a crisis involving Quebec military occupations of parts of Ontario and New Brunswick. Canada's armed forces are stretched thin with peacekeepers in such varied places as the
1892:
to more strongly entrench French as the sole official language. In response to this, the Bloc Québécois initiated a motion in the House of Commons endorsing the constitutionality of Legault's initiatives. The Commons passed the motion 281–2. There were 36 abstentions.
874:
The Quiet Revolution in Quebec brought widespread change in the 1960s. Among other changes, support for Quebec independence began to form and grow in some circles. The first organization dedicated to the independence of Quebec was the Alliance Laurentienne, founded by
1350:
and purpose of the European Community nor the relationship between economics and politics that continue to underpin it. Advocates of European integration had, from the outset, seen political union as a desirable and natural consequence of economic integration.
3840:
A single study found that Quebec's separatist governments did not have a large negative impact on Quebec's economy – as sometimes seen with other independence movements in other countries – possibly due to a lack of violence.
704:
in New England and Northeastern Ontario among other places. It led to the creation of permanent resistance movements in those new locations. Groups of nationalists outside Quebec have since then promoted Quebec's cultural identity, along with that of the
255:
690:, a phlegmatic character was adopted in response to the mass immigration of English-speaking immigrants. Some French Canadians left Quebec during this period in search of job security and protection of their culture. This phenomenon, known as the
1134:, the PQ won 71 seats — a majority in the National Assembly. With voting turnouts high, 41.4 percent of the electorate voted for the PQ. Prior to the election, the PQ renounced its intention to implement sovereignty-association if it won power.
950:
The historical context of the time was a period when many former European colonies were becoming independent. Some advocates of Quebec independence saw Quebec's situation in a similar light; numerous activists were influenced by the writings of
426:
and if its inhabitants not only govern themselves through independent democratic political institutions, but are also free to establish external relations and makes international treaties without the federal government of Canada being involved.
2637:" ("no interference and no indifference"), which epitomizes the official position of the French State. In other words, while the Quebec people vote to stay within Canada, France will officially support the Canadian Confederation the way it is.
2451:
leave Canada then the Cree people have the right to choose to keep their territory in Canada. Cree arguments generally do not claim the right to secede from Canada; rather, the Cree see themselves as a people bound to Canada by treaty (see the
1173:
with a stronger majority than in 1976, obtaining 49.2 percent of the vote and winning 80 seats. However, they did not hold a referendum in their second term, and put sovereignty on hold, concentrating on their stated goal of "good government".
1803:). It remains a part of the PQ program and is tied to national independence in the minds of most Quebecers. This part of the PQ program has always been controversial, especially since Canadian federal politicians usually refuse the concept.
2779:). The opponents of the sovereignty movement view the project as ethnically exclusive, based on its rejection by non-Francophones. This position is disputed by the PQ, which claims its goal is all-embracing and essentially civic in nature.
2443:
for self-determination due to already having a more legitimate claim to distinct nationhood that is based on traditional lands and a constitution predating confederation as well as the creation of Quebec and a Québécois identity.
1392:
of English speakers and allophones (mostly immigrants and first-generation Quebecers whose native language is neither French or English) Quebecers voted against the referendum, while almost 60 percent of Francophones voted Yes.
1414:
While opponents of sovereignty were pleased with the defeat of the referendum, most recognized that there were still deep divides within Quebec and problems with the relationship between Quebec and the rest of the country.
1137:
On August 26, 1977, the PQ passed two main laws: first, the law on the financing of political parties, which prohibits contributions by corporations and unions and set a limit on individual donations, and second, the
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
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While opponents of sovereignty were pleased with their referendum victories, most recognized that there are still deep divides within Quebec and problems with the relationship between Quebec and the rest of Canada.
3903:
Television in 1977. In the movie, the Parti Québécois has formed the government of Quebec but Premier Gaston Bélisle has repeatedly put off its promise to hold a referendum. International politics forces Bélisle's
6486:
6481:
6476:
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2296:(1994-2012) – this was a provincial political party that split off from the Quebec Liberal Party and ultimately merged into Coalition Avenir Québec. It was originally sovereigntist and later supported autonomy.
3929:
provoked controversy by imagining a future Quebec in which English-speakers were an oppressed minority, complete with a violent resistance movement. One planned stage version was cancelled before its premiere.
1812:("Season of ideas") which is a public consultation aiming to gather the opinions of Quebecers on its sovereignty project. The new program and the revised sovereignty project was adopted at the 2005 Congress.
2067:
is a patriotic and non-partisan network of 19 societies. They have a stated mission of defending and promoting Quebecers' identity, as well as Quebec's language, history, culture and heritage. Its societies
1367:
to proclaim that what Quebecers want is an independent Quebec inside a strong Canada, thereby comparing the sovereignist movement to a spoiled child that has everything it could desire and still wants more.
2415:) that sovereignty politics has distracted Quebecers from the real economic problems of Quebec, and that sovereignty by itself cannot solve those problems. In 2005 they published their position statement, "
5115:
2355:
distinguishing factors, such as religious differences (given the Catholic majority in Quebec), are also used to justify either separation or nationalist social policies advocated by the Parti Québécois.
560:
are terms derived from the modern independence movement, which started during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s. However, the roots of Quebecers' desire for political autonomy are much older than that.
4484:
2044:
1644:
warned "It's two or three minutes to midnight". Bouchard did not accept his invitation; organizers did not invite Chrétien. Experts debated whether Quebec was a "distinct society" or "unique culture".
902:
groups left to form the FLQ, which, unlike all the other groups, had made the decision to resort to violence in order to reach its goal of independence for Quebec. Shortly after the November 14, 1962,
5537:
2062:
3996:
of the United States, rather than being truly independent. This is later demonstrated in the series when Québécois soldiers release their US counterparts from occupation duties in Canada during the
1843:, with the Bloc at a total of four seats and the loss of official party status in the Commons (compared to the NDP's 59 seats, Conservatives' five seats, and the Liberals' seven seats in Quebec).
5432:
4194:
4930:
7194:
1156:
between Canada and Quebec, common tariffs against imports, and a common currency. In addition, joint political institutions would be established to administer these economic arrangements.
1562:
because of out-of-province participation. An inquiry by "Le Directeur général des élections" concluded in 2007 that the "No" camp had exceeded the campaign spending limits by $ 500,000.
2661:
The other nine provinces of Canada have generally been opposed to Quebec sovereignty. Aside from marginal movements, the only major secessionist movement in English Canada has been the
4093:, Hans Gruber, the terrorist leader, demands, as a ruse, the release of imprisoned members of the fictional group Liberté du Québec. (Presumably meant to be a fictional version of the
2763:
Sovereignty has very little support among Quebec Anglophones or immigrant communities. About 60% of Francophones voted "Yes" in 1995, and with the exception of weak "Yes" support from
5092:
3517:
5613:
5325:
4544:
7252:
4000:, allowing the United States to focus its military efforts against the Confederacy. The Republic of Quebec in this alternate timeline is in a similar geopolitical situation to the
7206:
5407:
1941:
is a network composed of several member organisations, all of which are non-partisan. The RCI states that it seeks to promote and realize Quebec's independence. Its members are:
5891:
4514:
1411:
clerks indicated that they were ordered by PQ-appointed overseers to reject ballots in these polling stations for frivolous reasons that were not covered in the election laws.
6673:
5152:
4453:
4125:
never occurs, resulting in the creation of the North American Union, a dominion of the British Empire. En route to the Six Nations, Thomas Bushell and Samuel Stanley of the
3382:
7211:
7246:
5285:
5175:
5061:
4143:", Homer Simpson is invited to an exclusive garden party by Trent Steel, a successful businessman whom he meets as a result of changing his name to Max Power. President
5618:
5588:
2299:
2247:
1819:, the PQ lost power to the Liberal Party. However, in early 2004, the Liberal government of Paul Martin had proved to be unpopular, and that, combined with the federal
883:
1264:
The history of the relations between French-Canadians and English-Canadians in Canada has been marked by periods of tension. After colonizing Canada from 1608 onward,
5308:
Yale, François, and Claire Durand. "What did Quebeckers want? Impact of question wording, constitutional proposal and context on support for sovereignty, 1976–2008."
5004:
4164:
says he supports independence for Quebec, cutting to a room of Québécois saying "Viva Jay Sherman! Viva Quebec!" and unfurling a banner depicting Sherman as a beaver.
4058:
there are references made to a separatist Quebec nation who in return for independence helped the then formed 'Confederated States of America' take control of Canada.
1371:
In 1979 the PQ began an aggressive effort to promote sovereignty-association by providing details of how the economic relations with the rest of Canada would include
2644:
has stated on the record that he opposes the separation of Quebec from Canada. This changed back to the view of the French Foreign Office under Sarkozy's successor,
7216:
5373:
588:, the first permanent settlement for French colonists and their descendants in New France (who were called Canadiens, Canayens or Habitants). Following the British
5987:
4272:
2569:
in orientation. There is no mass conservative movement in Quebec's political culture on the provincial level, due notably to strong government interventionism and
601:, which lasted from 1760 to the late 18th century and sought to restore the traditional rights of French Canadians that had been abolished by the British with the
431:
and those pursued by the federal government often come into conflict. Various attempts to reform the Canadian federal system have failed (most notably the defunct
7469:
7199:
6256:
4328:
I propose that the preamble of such a Constitution should read as follows: We, the people of Quebec... hereby declare the formation of the Republic of Quebec....
3625:
1383:, which stated that Quebec should offer a new economic and political partnership to Canada before declaring independence. An English translation of part of the
1376:
the other provinces) to support the idea of negotiations with an independent Quebec, contributing to the Yes side losing by a vote of 60 percent to 40 percent.
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6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
3709:
3311:
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1987:
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which established a system whose goal was to force the cultural and linguistic assimilation of French Canadians into English-Canadian culture. In addition to
5914:
5901:
5858:
5791:
3945:, discovered as Quebec moves to secede, clash with the ramifications of a rediscovered secret treaty negotiated between the U.K. and U.S. governments during
2724:
2511:
1694:
1495:
1331:
The Parti Québécois defines sovereignty as the power for a state to levy all its taxes, vote on all its laws, and sign all its treaties (as mentioned in the
788:
346:
155:
49:
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3161:
7443:
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5878:
5427:
481:
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1951:
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being particularly vocal in their right to stay territories within Canada. More than 96% of the Inuit and Cree voted No in the referendum. However, The
6502:
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6420:
6405:
5234:
4938:
4420:
1586:
1218:
1084:
921:(FLQ) was founded by three Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale members who had met each other as part of the Réseau de résistance. They were
507:
1449:
6027:
1869:
dissatisfied with slow progress towards independence, and others hoping to put the sovereignty question on the backburner. Leadership by PQ leader
4836:
2452:
589:
307:, would be better equipped to promote its own economic, social, ecological, and cultural development. Quebec's sovereignist movement is based on
4758:
733:. The confrontations and divergence of political opinions led to the rise of a new form of nationalism, called clerico-nationalism, promoted by
7437:
6924:
5821:
5519:
4378:
4235:"Les Patriotes de 1837@1838 – Adresse des Fils de la Liberté (1837). Présentation et annotation de M. Daniel Latouche (Le Manuel de la parole)"
2999:
4832:
Parliamentary Research Branch (PRB) of the Library of Parliament, "ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND THE 1995 QUEBEC REFERENDUM: A SURVEY OF THE ISSUES"
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1301:
1197:
999:
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5084:
1925:
1020:. The group claimed responsibility for the bombing of the Montreal Stock Exchange, and in 1970 the FLQ kidnapped British Trade Commissioner
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7373:
5868:
5393:
4536:
4199:
3188:
7481:
7303:
4242:
3736:
2370:; French Canadians in Canada were subsumed by waves of British immigrants. This argument makes the claim that Quebecers have the right of
2329:
418:
Sovereignists believe that the natural final outcome of the Québécois people's collective adventure and development is the achievement of
202:
5947:
5598:
5583:
5578:
5468:
4094:
3983:(an alternative World War I), in which the United States defeats Canada, the United Kingdom and the other Entente Powers (including the
3080:
2588:
2293:
2253:
2038:
1384:
918:
895:
174:
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under Jacques Parizeau, this time with 44.75% of the popular vote. In the intervening years, the failures of the Meech Lake Accord and
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are organized. The stated objective of these Estates General was to consult the French-Canadian people on their constitutional future.
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1476:, but neither of these parties enjoyed the official support of the PQ; nor did they enjoy significant public support among Quebecers.
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quickly becoming its leader. On August 9 of the same year, the Action socialiste pour l'indépendance du Québec (ASIQ) was formed by
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Somers, Kim, and François Vaillancourt. "Some economic dimensions of the sovereignty debate in Quebec: debt, GDP, and migration."
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prominence from the 1960s onward. The use of the word "sovereignty" and many of the ideas of this movement originated in the 1967
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likely to support independence if Quebec maintained an economic partnership with Canada. This line of politics led the outspoken
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Right and Left must be interpreted within the provincial context; Liberal Party politics generally coincide with those of other
1835:
lost two additional seats, bringing their total down to 49, but was still the most popular federal party in Quebec up until the
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resigned, telling the press he was convinced that the PQ was going to lose its referendum and fail to be re-elected afterwards.
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The "No" campaign won, but only by a very small margin — 50.6% to 49.4%. As in the previous referendum, the English-speaking (
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Drouilly Pierre, L'année politique au Québec 1997–1998 _Les tendances du vote 1985–1995 Université du Québec à Montréal, 1999
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1013:(PQ), and later that month Pierre Bourgault, leader of the RIN, dissolved his party and invited its members to join the PQ.
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7408:
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Jenson, Jane; Papillon, Martin (2000). "Challenging the Citizenship Regime: The James Bay Cree and transnational action".
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4008:. Its head of state is styled as Premier, and its national legislature either includes or is called the House of Deputies.
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4084:, Quebec exists as a sovereign nation alongside the United Canadian American States and the Confederated American States.
1483:, which featured the collapse of Progressive Conservative Party support, the BQ won enough seats in Parliament to become
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shared by all parties since the 1960s (the so-called "Quebec Consensus" since the Quiet Revolution), and the province's
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Meanwhile, in 1969 the FLQ stepped up its campaign of violence, which would culminate in what would become known as the
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in Canada – and since Quebec does not have the legislative powers of an independent state – French is still threatened.
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1999:
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1827:, the Bloc Québécois won 54 of Quebec's 75 seats in the House of Commons, compared to 33 previously. However, in the
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2011 was considered a watershed year for the sovereignist movement. In the aftermath of the 2011 federal election,
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1529:) minority in Quebec overwhelmingly (about 90%) rejected sovereignty, support for sovereignty was also weak among
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In September, the PQ created a national committee of Anglophones and a liaison committee with ethnic minorities.
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is set against a fictional attempt at secession in the late 1980s. Rights to newly discovered oil resources in
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It has been argued by prominent Quebecers (sovereignists and ex-sovereignists, including former Quebec premier
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Mendelsohn, Matthew. "Rational choice and socio-psychological explanation for opinion on Quebec sovereignty."
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1403:." His opinion caused an outcry among English-speaking Quebecers, and he resigned following the referendum.
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Carens, Joseph H., ed. (1995), Is Quebec Nationalism Just?: Perspectives from Anglophone Canada, Montreal,
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The goal of Quebec's sovereignist movement is to make Quebec an independent state. In practice, the terms
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Des Granges, Cara. "Finding Legitimacy: Examining Quebec Sovereignty from Pre-Confederation to Present."
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4617:"Mouvement national des Québécoises et Québécois – Fier coordonnateur de la Fête nationale depuis 1984"
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had revived support for sovereignty, which had been written off as a dead issue for much of the 1980s.
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At the Royal Commission on the Future of Quebec (also known as the Outaouais Commission) in 1995, the
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is officially bilingual and about one-third Francophone. Another rationale is based on resentment of
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was the period lasting from the beginning of the 19th century to the defeat of the Patriotes at the
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The creation of a political and economic association between this new independent state and Canada.
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Clarke, Harold D., and Allan Kornberg. "Choosing Canada? The 1995 Quebec Sovereignty Referendum."
5176:"Quebec Mohawks likely to declare own independence if PQ wins sovereignty referendum: Grand Chief"
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Justifications for Quebec's sovereignty are historically nationalistic in character, claiming the
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left that party when it refused to discuss sovereignty at a party convention. LĂ©vesque formed the
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4108:, Quebec has attained sovereignty and is an energetic/economic superpower within North America.
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the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada building links with the sovereignist in the 1980s;
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4507:"New Movement For Quebec: Prominent Sovereigntists Publish Manifesto, Slam PQ As Spent Force"
1448:(BQ), a sovereignist federal political party, under the leadership of the charismatic former
894:. The "independence + socialism" project of the ASIQ was a source of political ideas for the
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The separatist movement draws from the left and right spectrum; a sizeable minority of more
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4962:"À la demande du Québec : la diplomatie québécoise de la France de 1969 à 1980 (Note)"
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a second referendum during their second term. Meanwhile, the federal government passed the
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Quebecers support the PQ because of the sovereignty issue, despite reservations about its
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Some arguments against sovereignty claim that the movement is illegitimate because of its
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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4799:"Claims to Identity in Determining Resources for Indigenous Social Movements in Canada"
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coming to power in 1920 created an upheaval in French-Canadian society for most of the
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recognizing that “Québécois form a nation within a united Canada”. On November 30, the
5026:
1502:, recommended to the committee that Quebec declare itself as an independent republic.
1399:, whose government supported sovereignty, attributed the defeat of the resolution to "
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of René Lévesque. This movement ultimately gave birth to the Parti Québécois in 1968.
1005:
He achieved that goal in October 1968 when the MSA held its only national congress in
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In 1964, the RIN became a provincial political party. In 1965, the more conservative
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McCulloch, Tony. "A quiet revolution in diplomacy: Quebec–UK relations since 1960."
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in September 1997 to discuss how to oppose the sovereignty movement. Saskatchewan's
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peoples and their sympathizers. This sentiment is summed up by a quotation from a
637:
in 1837, the final battle in the Patriotes War. It began with the founding of the
398:
in French to moderate remarks made on the Quebec electorate. In English, the term
4909:
The Grand Council of Crees, Cree Legal Struggle Against the Great Whale Project,
3107:
2308:(2005-2010) - once a political club that operated from within the Parti Québécois
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Parizeau promptly advised the Lieutenant Governor to call a new referendum. The
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1006:
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459:
and their collective memory will be adequately protected, in particular against
324:
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137:
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2302:(1995-2000) - organisation which organized pro-independence protests and events
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7355:
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5723:
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4477:"Sondage Léger Marketing-Le Devoir – L'appui à la souveraineté ne fléchit pas"
4156:
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1372:
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4343:(in French). Le Directeur Général des Elections du Québec. September 13, 2010
1358:
power in that year's provincial elections – and included a promise to hold a
292:. Sovereignists suggest that the people of Quebec make use of their right to
6611:
6032:
5831:
5656:
4999:
4080:
4012:
2377:
Eight of the other Canadian provinces are overwhelmingly (greater than 95%)
2305:
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1407:
in getting the newly arrived Quebecers to adhere to their political option.
960:
714:
5292:
Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique
5207:"Love on the rocks: The causal effects of separatist governments in Quebec"
5116:"QUEBEC'S NATIVES ALMOST UNANIMOUS' IN OPPOSITION TO SECESSION FROM CANADA"
4147:, a guest at the garden party, is called away to deal with Quebec 'getting
4019:
is initially a Québécois freedom fighter, who resorts to acts of terrorism.
3962:
accomplish their goals of both Quebec independence and the end of the ONAN.
3230:
2326:(2011-2018) - provincial political party which merged into Québec solidaire
1750:, a law that, amongst other things, set out the conditions under which the
2633:
The French Foreign Office motto concerning Quebec's national question is "
1972:
Mouvement des étudiants souverainistes de l’université de Montréal (MESUM)
6878:
6710:
6042:
5982:
4089:
4075:, Quebec is independent and referred to as the "Free Province of Quebec".
2574:
984:
706:
569:
464:
4855:
The Grand Council of the Crees, "50 Percent Plus One Vote Insufficient"
4765:; Quebec's “territorial integrity” against First Nations, The Red Flag,
3987:); upon its founding, the Republic is officially recognised only by the
2591:
supporting the Yes side in the 1995 Quebec referendum. They now support
2580:
There are, of course, quite a few exceptions. Notable examples include:
1159:
Sovereignty-association was proposed to the population of Quebec in the
655:
in the early 19th century who were the Lower Canadian equivalent of the
7403:
7397:
6807:
5670:
5492:
5326:
UNESCO article on the evolution of Quebec nationalism (2002) (Archived)
5295:
4638:
2267:
1632:
Expecting Bouchard to announce another referendum if his party won the
1031:
Jacques Parizeau joined the Parti Québécois on September 19, 1969, and
971:
4690:
2809:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
1636:, the leaders of all other provinces and territories gathered for the
564:
Francophone nationalism in North America dates back to 1534, the year
303:
Quebec sovereigntists believe that such a sovereign state, the Quebec
5769:
4978:
4961:
4834:
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/bp412-e.htm#A
4161:
2612:
647:. It stands out for its notorious resistance to the influence of the
304:
289:
285:
6523:
5375:
The Question of Separatism: Quebec and the Struggle over Sovereignty
5275:
The question of separatism: Quebec and the struggle over sovereignty
4639:"Sociétés membres | Mouvement national des Québécoises et Québécois"
4377:. Le Directeur Général des Elections du Québec. September 13, 2010.
3992:
post-war occupation of Canada, the Republic of Quebec operated as a
2419:", ("For a lucid Quebec") which details the problems facing Quebec.
1163:. The proposal was rejected by 60 percent of the Quebec electorate.
4780:
Socialist Studies: The Journal of the Society for Socialist Studies
4754:
A Clash of Quiet Revolutions: Quebecers meet Native Nationalism. –
4537:"Bloc Québécois motion acknowledging Quebec's Bill 96 passes 281–2"
615:
but did not truly satisfy them, and was notably exacerbated by the
7474:
5339:
4756:
http://http-server.carleton.ca/~gfrajkor/zine97/group3/quebec.html
4663:. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages. Archived from
2764:
2686:
2431:
1504:
253:
6234:
4032:
was part of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) in his youth.
402:
is often used to accentuate negative dimensions of the movement.
7459:
2768:
2682:
2447:
1954:(OUI Québec) - previously "Conseil de la souveraineté du Québec"
1538:
1534:
619:, which ceded parts of the Quebec to the United States, and the
6527:
6238:
5773:
5389:
5355:
4766:
4293:
Dennis Swann (1992) The Economics of the Common Market, p. ix
2358:
The historical argument for Quebec independence stems from the
1993:
Société nationales des Québécoises et Québécois des Laurentides
3848:
2795:
2696:
2615:, although openness and support is found on both sides of the
2483:
1762:
1666:
1569:
1201:
1067:
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760:
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nationalism or identity to Québécois nationalism or identity.
748:
During the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s to 1970s, the modern
490:
318:
131:
70:
29:
4446:"Separation from Canada Unlikely for a Majority of Quebecers"
4160:
episode "L.A. Jay", in a dream sequence, Jay Sherman, at his
2775:
communities, most non-Francophones massively voted "No" (see
580:, and more particularly to 1608, the year of the founding of
439:), due to conflicting interests between the sovereignist and
4195:
List of subjects related to the Quebec independence movement
4312:"Brief to the Outaouais Commission on the Future of Quebec"
1975:
Mouvement progressiste pour l’indépendance du Québec (MPIQ)
1322:
It was first presented in LĂ©vesque's political manifesto,
1050:. René Lévesque was defeated in Mont-Royal by the Liberal
3874:
any relevant information into other sections or articles.
2262:(PNC) (1967-1969) - religious provincial political party
7195:
Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories
5347:
5205:
Geloso, Vincent J.; Grier, Kevin B. (January 1, 2022).
5085:"Canadians and Liberals reject Quebec nationhood: poll"
4778:
Taiaiake, Alfred (2010). "Then and Now, For the Land".
2013:
Regroupement des mouvements indépendantistes collégiaux
1902:
Sovereignist political parties and parliamentary groups
1597:
1229:
1095:
850:
518:
7253:
Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems
5364:
5058:"France revives neutral policy on Quebec independence"
5027:"Sarkozy's sovereignty comments spark anger in Quebec"
4616:
2045:
Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec
7207:
Official bilingualism in the public service of Canada
5149:"First Nations weigh in on Quebec sovereignty debate"
5330:
4041:, Canada's nightmare features an independent Quebec.
1315:
The achievement of sovereignty for the Quebec state.
700:
for 'great bleeding'), is the origin of the
268:(French for 'Yes, and it becomes possible').
7519:
7452:
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7225:
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5715:
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5538:
Mouvement national des Québécoises et des Québécois
5506:
5441:
4804:. University of Toronto. p. 12. Archived from
4405:"Provinces Brainstorm on Issue of Quebec Secession"
2063:
Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises
162:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7212:Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
4314:. Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada. Archived from
4265:"Parti Québécois first elected 35 years ago today"
284:whose objective is to achieve the independence of
7247:Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations
4440:
4438:
2007:Comité indépendantiste du cégep du Vieux-Montréal
1978:Rassemblement pour l’indépendance nationale (RIN)
1952:Organisations unies pour l'indépendance du Québec
2466:, the self-proclaimed "Conqueror of the North".
2094:SNQ d’Abitibi-Témiscamingue et du Nord-du-Québec
1823:, contributed to a resurgence of the BQ. In the
7217:Timeline of official languages policy in Canada
1996:Société nationale Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine
1839:, when the BQ was devastated by the federalist
1498:made a presentation in which the party leader,
665:
5614:Rassemblement démocratique pour l'indépendance
3979:, Quebec becomes a separate nation during the
2256:(FLQ) (1963-1972) - network of militant groups
1554:gave a majority to the Parti Québécois party.
1002:and set about uniting pro-sovereignty forces.
6539:
6250:
5785:
5401:
4167:In the young adults' alternate history novel
4067:by the French-born Canadian cyberpunk writer
3831:Archive of polls from 1962 until January 2008
1960:Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO)
1009:. The RN and MSA agreed to merge to form the
422:, which is only possible if Quebec becomes a
8:
4857:http://www.gcc.ca/archive/article.php?id=116
4689:(in French). Parti Québécois. Archived from
4661:"Statistics on Official Languages in Quebec"
4592:"Membres du réseau - CAP SUR L'INDÉPENDANCE"
2265:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
1807:
1188:, the PQ was defeated by the Liberal Party.
975:
718:
691:
683:
672:
642:
610:
594:
463:by other nations, such as the incident with
263:
7444:2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests
7200:Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy
5740:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
5619:Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale
5589:Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec
4995:"Sarkozy répudie le "ni-ni" sans ambiguïté"
4911:http://www.gcc.ca/archive/article.php?id=37
4004:, a German puppet state created as part of
2731:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2518:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2300:Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec
2248:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale
1884:government in Quebec proposed to amend the
1701:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1180:retired in 1985 (and died in 1987). In the
970:, who had recently granted independence to
884:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale
795:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
353:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
258:A poster for Quebec sovereignty during the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6546:
6532:
6524:
6257:
6243:
6235:
5792:
5778:
5770:
5408:
5394:
5386:
2827:
2665:immediately after Confederation occurred.
2366:in 1760 and ceded to Great Britain in the
1981:Rassemblement pour un pays souverain (RPS)
1897:Sovereignist and sympathetic organizations
1440:Another consequence of the failure of the
1276:in 1763, in which France ceded control of
1046:, the PQ won its first seven seats in the
482:History of the Quebec sovereignty movement
100:. Please do not remove this message until
5268:International Journal of Canadian Studies
4977:
4567:"L'organisation – Cap sur l'indépendance"
3759:
3663:
3648:
3336:
3211:
2842:Should Quebec be an independent country?
2751:Learn how and when to remove this message
2689:have opposed the independence of Quebec.
2538:Learn how and when to remove this message
2035:(Confederation of national labour unions)
1721:Learn how and when to remove this message
1620:Learn how and when to remove this message
1252:Learn how and when to remove this message
1118:Learn how and when to remove this message
815:Learn how and when to remove this message
541:Learn how and when to remove this message
373:Learn how and when to remove this message
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4104:' science fiction series, starting with
2786:
2320:(2009-2011) - provincial political party
2314:(2008-2018) - provincial political party
1592:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1224:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1090:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1039:joined on November 11 of the same year.
513:Relevant discussion may be found on the
96:Relevant discussion may be found on the
5114:Trueheart, Charles (October 26, 1995).
4226:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2453:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
2000:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal
1984:Mouvement souverainiste du Québec (MSQ)
1933:Sovereignist non-partisan organizations
1509:1995 referendum results by constituency
1284:) to Great Britain, which returned the
6925:List of Canadian peacekeeping missions
5988:Changement Intégrité pour notre Québec
5533:Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté
5064:from the original on November 12, 2017
5037:from the original on September 6, 2012
4851:
4849:
4828:
4826:
3899:(1976) was turned into a TV-movie for
3845:Quebec sovereignty movement in fiction
2250:(RIN) (1960-1968) - political movement
1604:to additional sources at this section.
1379:This loss laid the groundwork for the
1311:) is the combination of two concepts:
1236:to additional sources at this section.
1102:to additional sources at this section.
983:" during a speech from the balcony of
525:to additional sources at this section.
5211:European Journal of Political Economy
5095:from the original on December 8, 2007
4993:Rioux, Christian (February 3, 2009).
2663:Maritimes Anti-Confederation movement
2630:of independence in Montreal in 1967.
2284:(1983-1987) - federal political party
2278:(1979-1980) - federal political party
2242:Past parties, organizations and media
2033:Confédération des syndicats nationaux
1280:(except for the two small islands of
7:
7074:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
6003:Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec
5261:PS, Political Science & Politics
4517:from the original on October 6, 2014
4403:Turner, Craig (September 20, 1997).
4310:Bains, Hardial (February 10, 1995).
4245:from the original on August 25, 2021
4200:Lists of active separatist movements
3285:Léger Marketing/Le Journal de Québec
2729:adding citations to reliable sources
2693:Anglophones and immigrants in Quebec
2565:parties, while PQ politics are more
2516:adding citations to reliable sources
2458:Professor Peter Russell has said of
2426:which alienates many among Canada's
1699:adding citations to reliable sources
1169:The PQ was returned to power in the
1028:; Laporte was later found murdered.
793:adding citations to reliable sources
351:adding citations to reliable sources
160:adding citations to reliable sources
6503:Bloc Québécois leadership elections
5469:Act Respecting the Future of Quebec
5365:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society website
5310:American Review of Canadian Studies
5282:American Review of Canadian Studies
4475:Dutrisac, Robert (March 14, 2011).
4456:from the original on April 20, 2011
4015:, the villain (and sometimes hero)
3217:(CAQ) is elected a 2nd term in the
2599:, and accept the 1995 "No" verdict;
1939:Réseau Cap sur l'Indépendance (RCI)
1831:the BQ lost three seats and in the
6028:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec
5237:from the original on March 9, 2023
5174:Robert, Hillary (March 18, 2014).
5155:from the original on June 30, 2023
5083:Les Perreaux (November 28, 2006).
4547:from the original on June 18, 2021
3907:In the mid-1980s, a second movie,
1585:relies largely or entirely upon a
1302:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association
1217:relies largely or entirely upon a
1198:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association
1083:relies largely or entirely upon a
1000:Mouvement souveraineté-association
757:The Quiet Revolution (1960s-1970s)
609:, which granted certain rights to
506:relies largely or entirely upon a
443:elites of Quebec, as well as with
25:
7304:Citizen's Forum on National Unity
5558:Réseau de Résistance du Québécois
5186:from the original on May 12, 2024
5007:from the original on May 12, 2024
4687:"Pourquoi faire la souveraineté?"
4487:from the original on May 12, 2024
4423:from the original on July 8, 2019
4384:from the original on July 4, 2007
4275:from the original on May 12, 2024
3865:list of miscellaneous information
2790:Graphical summary (2005–present)
2635:non-ingérence et non-indifférence
2288:Parti indépendantiste (1985-1990)
1988:Réseau de Résistance du Québécois
1821:Liberal Party sponsorship scandal
1557:By contrast almost 60 percent of
1307:Sovereignty-association (French:
1288:islands they had captured in the
990:Finally, in October 1967, former
844:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
651:, a group of wealthy families in
278:mouvement souverainiste du Québec
45:This article has multiple issues.
6960:Canada in the War in Afghanistan
6864:List of National Parks of Canada
6718:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
5830:
5599:Partenaires pour la souveraineté
5584:Le front de libération populaire
5543:Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec
5520:Forum jeunesse du Bloc Québécois
5480:Reference Re Secession of Quebec
5303:Oxford Review of Economic Policy
4210:Secessionist movements of Canada
3853:
2800:
2701:
2488:
2100:SN Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
2039:Centrale des syndicats du Québec
2019:Nouveau Mouvement pour le Québec
1957:Jeunes Patriotes du Québec (JPQ)
1926:Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec
1767:
1671:
1574:
1566:The 1998 Quebec general election
1496:Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada
1472:had nominated candidates in the
1460:had nominated candidates in the
1429:The PQ returned to power in the
1206:
1072:
945:Estates General of French Canada
831:
765:
495:
323:
136:
75:
34:
7482:Canada–United Kingdom relations
7185:Official bilingualism in Canada
6574:Canadian cultural protectionism
4929:Depoe, Norman (July 24, 1967).
4713:McGill-Queen's University Press
4170:The Disunited States of America
4111:In the alternate history novel
3356:LĂ©ger Marketing/Huffington Post
2318:Nouvelle Alliance Québec-Canada
2041:(Quebec labour unions congress)
1862:and pro-sovereignist newspaper
1147:Member of the National Assembly
966:In June 1967, French president
750:Québécois sovereignist movement
449:Constitutional Debate in Canada
394:Canada's speeches use the term
147:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
7465:Canada–United States relations
7079:Charter of the French Language
6704:Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946
5223:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102088
4843:. Aboriginal Perspectives(txt)
4071:, loosely adapted as the film
3915:(with "Lady Goosegreen" being
2595:: a decentralized view of the
2076:SNQ du Saguenay—Lac-Saint-Jean
2047:(Federation of Quebec workers)
2010:Comité souverainiste de l’UQÀM
1948:Les Aînés pour la souveraineté
1886:Charter of the French Language
1837:2011 Canadian federal election
1485:Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition
1140:Charter of the French Language
1:
6996:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
6775:Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry
6600:National identities in Canada
5993:Citoyens au pouvoir du Québec
5579:Front de libération du Québec
4127:Royal American Mounted Police
4044:Margaret Atwood's 1979 novel
3985:Confederate States of America
2589:Action Démocratique du Québec
2407:Arguments against sovereignty
2294:Action démocratique du Québec
2254:Front de libération du Québec
1806:In 2003, the PQ launched the
919:Front de libération du Québec
896:Front de libération du Québec
721:Société nationale de l'Acadie
387:independentist, sovereignist,
171:"Quebec sovereignty movement"
6143:2012 Quebec student protests
6076:2012 Quebec general election
6071:2014 Quebec general election
6066:2018 Quebec general election
6061:2022 Quebec general election
5976:Parti conservateur du Québec
4767:http://theredflag.ca/node/62
3806:Le Devoir/The Globe and Mail
3767:2008 Quebec general election
3671:2012 Quebec general election
3656:2014 Quebec general election
3344:2018 Quebec general election
3219:2022 Quebec general election
2836:Polling organisation/client
2679:Indigenous peoples in Quebec
2460:Aboriginal peoples in Canada
2332:(2018) - parliamentary group
2290:- provincial political party
2282:Parti nationaliste du Québec
1928:- provincial political party
1922:- provincial political party
1916:- provincial political party
1634:1998 Quebec general election
1470:Parti nationaliste du Québec
27:Quebec independence movement
7553:Quebec sovereignty movement
7527:COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
7453:International relationships
7123:Conscription Crisis of 1944
7118:Conscription Crisis of 1917
7046:Quebec sovereignty movement
6857:Landmarks, parks and nature
6513:Quebec sovereignty movement
6086:Referendums on independence
5822:Former lieutenant-governors
5563:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society
5417:Quebec sovereignty movement
4889:10.1177/0032329200028002005
4596:www.capsurlindependance.org
2673:Indigenous people of Quebec
2260:Parti nationaliste chrétien
2118:SNQ Richelieu—Saint-Laurent
2103:SNQ de Chaudière-Appalaches
1024:and Quebec Labour Minister
912:Parti républicain du Québec
882:On September 10, 1960, the
412:National Assembly of Quebec
274:Quebec sovereignty movement
265:Oui, et ça devient possible
102:conditions to do so are met
7569:
7417:First Nations territories
7041:National question (Quebec)
6950:Canada and the Vietnam War
6674:Provincial and territorial
5859:Premiers by time in office
5609:Parti socialiste du Québec
5604:Parti république du Québec
5348:Parti Communiste du Québec
5056:Staff (October 15, 2012).
4960:Bastien, Frédéric (1998).
4937:. CBC News. Archived from
4916:December 22, 2016, at the
4862:February 25, 2018, at the
4738:www.pourunquebeclucide.com
4571:capsurlindependance.quebec
4121:and Harry Turtledove, the
2112:SNQ RĂ©gion des Laurentides
2029:The labour unions of the:
1422:
1195:
1061:
940:(RN) also became a party.
727:Louis-Alexandre Taschereau
621:Constitutional Act of 1791
603:Royal Proclamation of 1763
479:
7106:Manitoba Schools Question
6561:
6018:Parti culinaire du Québec
5892:Former Opposition Leaders
5828:
5423:
4931:"'Vive le Québec libre!'"
4839:January 26, 2016, at the
3683:LĂ©ger Marketing/Le Devoir
3189:LĂ©ger Marketing/Le Devoir
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2777:Demolinguistics of Quebec
2024:Sympathetic organizations
1910:- federal political party
1776:This section needs to be
1444:was the formation of the
1282:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1272:at the conclusion of the
719:
595:
7532:Canadian property bubble
6955:Canada in the Korean War
6693:Debates and legislation:
5735:Republic of Lower Canada
4078:In the roleplaying game
4052:In the roleplaying game
3925:'s satirical 1979 novel
3862:This section contains a
3342:(CAQ) is elected in the
2640:Former French President
2364:conquered by the British
2206:Souverainete la solution
2127:SSJB du Centre-du-Québec
1969:Ligue d’action nationale
1801:souveraineté-partenariat
1759:From 2000 to the present
1450:Progressive Conservative
1333:1980 referendum question
1309:souveraineté-association
1044:1970 provincial election
943:During this period, the
910:founded the short-lived
886:(RIN) was founded, with
857:may contain suggestions.
842:may need to be rewritten
686:la Revanche des berceaux
635:Battle of Saint-Eustache
623:, which established the
465:Canada's national anthem
7499:Canada–France relations
7487:Commonwealth of Nations
7421:Eeyou Istchee James Bay
7242:Rebellions of 1837–1838
7168:Québécois nation motion
7150:Quebec referendum, 1995
7145:Quebec referendum, 1980
6726:Republicanism in Canada
6152:Other Canadian politics
5961:Parti libéral du Québec
5956:Coalition Avenir Québec
5938:Government House Leader
5902:Speaker of the Assembly
5747:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day
5331:Parti Québécois website
4162:Oscar acceptance speech
3968:Southern Victory Series
3340:Coalition Avenir Québec
3215:Coalition Avenir Québec
2342:Reasons for sovereignty
2272:(1974-1978) - newspaper
2115:SNQ des Hautes-Rivières
2053:(Artists' Labour Union)
1945:La Fondation Octobre 70
1890:provincial constitution
1882:Coalition Avenir Québec
1663:The Clarity Act of 1999
1192:Sovereignty-association
904:Quebec general election
7333:National organizations
7278:Constitution Act, 1982
7265:Fulton–Favreau formula
7261:debate (1960s to 1982)
7094:Lower Canada Rebellion
6945:Canada in the Cold War
6940:Canada in World War II
6838:Architecture of Canada
6583:Demographics of Canada
6397:Parliamentary election
5869:Government departments
5678:Le Journal de Montréal
5498:2012 Montreal shooting
5474:Quebec Contingency Act
5442:Events and legislation
5356:Bloc Québécois website
5312:41.3 (2011): 242–258.
5284:46.2 (2016): 176–195.
5060:. The Canadian Press.
4966:Études internationales
4877:Politics & Society
4772:June 21, 2013, at the
4761:March 4, 2016, at the
4174:from a Canadian union.
4130:Québécois separatists.
2597:Canadian Confederation
2266:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2124:SSJB Richelieu-Yamaska
1833:2008 federal elections
1829:2006 federal elections
1825:2004 federal elections
1808:
1800:
1510:
1466:1980 federal elections
1425:1995 Quebec referendum
1419:The referendum of 1995
1401:money and ethnic votes
1308:
1161:1980 Quebec referendum
1064:1980 Quebec referendum
1058:The referendum of 1980
976:
917:In February 1963, the
692:
684:
673:
670:
643:
617:Treaty of Paris (1783)
611:
590:conquest of New France
461:cultural appropriation
420:political independence
277:
269:
264:
7229:Territorial relations
7036:Anti-Quebec sentiment
6935:Canada in World War I
6920:Canadian Armed Forces
6013:Parti indépendantiste
6008:Parti unité nationale
5706:Why I Am a Separatist
5572:Defunct organizations
5305:30.2 (2014): 237–256.
4271:. November 15, 2011.
3622:17–20 September 2015
3104:27-28 September 2023
2584:the conservative but
2417:Pour un Québec lucide
2387:anti-Quebec sentiment
2312:Parti indépendantiste
2073:SN de l’Est du Québec
1508:
1481:1993 federal election
879:on January 25, 1957.
717:, represented by the
631:The Patriote movement
437:Charlottetown Accords
257:
7400:(no final agreement)
7349:North-West Rebellion
7310:Charlottetown Accord
7133:Vive le Québec libre
7084:Civil Code of Quebec
7051:Federalism in Quebec
6976:Government of Canada
6913:War and peacekeeping
6722:Monarchism in Canada
6607:Canadian nationalism
6356:Leadership elections
6038:Parti vert du Québec
5758:Vive le Québec libre
5685:Le Journal de Québec
5507:Active organizations
5033:. February 2, 2009.
4797:van der Maas, Mark.
4641:(in Canadian French)
4619:(in Canadian French)
4190:Canadian sovereignty
4185:Autonomism in Quebec
3953:David Foster Wallace
3763:Quebec Liberal Party
3652:Quebec Liberal Party
3541:11–15 February 2016
3379:29 April–2 May 2018
3312:Environics Institute
3185:24-26 February 2023
3050:18-19 November 2023
2725:improve this section
2512:improve this section
2470:Allies and opponents
2401:Charlottetown Accord
2368:1763 Treaty of Paris
2016:Artistes volontaires
1735:Parliament of Canada
1695:improve this section
1598:improve this article
1435:Charlottetown Accord
1295:Under British rule,
1290:1763 Treaty of Paris
1230:improve this article
1184:under his successor
1096:improve this article
978:Vive le Québec libre
789:improve this section
680:Act of Union of 1840
519:improve this article
457:culture of Québécois
347:improve this section
156:improve this article
7509:Canada (New France)
7343:Red River Rebellion
7326:Aboriginal politics
7316:Calgary Declaration
7227:Federal–Provincial–
7162:Sponsorship scandal
7001:VIA Rail Canada Inc
6991:Royal Canadian Mint
6770:Toronto Maple Leafs
6711:National Anthem Act
6081:Electoral districts
5809:Lieutenant Governor
5370:(partly in English)
5361:(partly in English)
5336:(partly in English)
4513:. August 16, 2011.
4269:CTV News (Montreal)
4123:American Revolution
4038:Axis Powers Hetalia
3673:(September 4, 2012)
3568:01–4 February 2016
3487:7–10 November 2016
3460:7–12 December 2016
3433:12–15 January 2017
3406:17–19 January 2017
3258:Mainstreet Research
3231:Mainstreet Research
2628:shouted his support
2149:Journal de Montréal
2097:SNQ de la CĂ´te-Nord
2082:SSJB de la Mauricie
1737:, at the urging of
1638:Calgary Declaration
1268:lost the colony to
1186:Pierre-Marc Johnson
938:Ralliement national
586:Samuel de Champlain
89:of this article is
18:Quebec Sovereignism
7520:Current challenges
7378:Inuit territories
7190:Gendron Commission
7010:Relations between
6969:Crown corporations
6765:Montreal Canadiens
6641:Alberta separatism
6636:Western alienation
6624:Quebec nationalism
6617:Canadian ethnicity
6136:Quebec sovereignty
6114:Quebec nationalism
5998:Équipe autonomiste
5801:Politics of Quebec
5730:Quebec nationalism
5636:L'Action nationale
5263:29.4 (1996): 676+.
4744:on March 25, 2006.
4667:on August 14, 2016
4215:Quebec nationalism
4205:Politics of Quebec
3909:Quebec-Canada 1995
3775:4–5 December 2006
3769:(December 8, 2008)
3765:is elected in the
3669:is elected in the
3654:is elected in the
3254:8–9 February 2021
3131:20-21 August 2023
3023:4-6 December 2023
2996:3-5 February 2024
2969:5-7 February 2024
2861:23-25 August 2024
2617:political spectrum
2558:political agenda.
2372:self-determination
2182:L'Action nationale
2135:Sovereignist media
2091:SNQ de l’Outaouais
2079:SNQ de la Capitale
2051:Union des artistes
2004:Vigile (newspaper)
1511:
1341:European Community
1286:French West Indian
927:Raymond Villeneuve
711:Maritime provinces
625:Westminster system
607:Quebec Act of 1774
309:Quebec nationalism
294:self-determination
282:political movement
270:
7540:
7539:
7298:Meech Lake Accord
7285:Canada Health Act
7237:Province building
7178:Language politics
6894:Plains of Abraham
6889:Chateau Frontenac
6792:Toronto Blue Jays
6749:Culture of Canada
6732:Great Flag Debate
6629:Culture of Quebec
6567:Culture of Canada
6555:Canadian identity
6521:
6520:
6343:
6330:
6307:
6289:
6232:
6231:
6129:Quebec autonomism
6124:Quebec federalism
6119:National question
5948:Political parties
5879:Opposition Leader
5767:
5766:
5628:Culture and media
5270:50 (2014): 25–44.
4543:. June 17, 2021.
4409:Los Angeles Times
4117:, co-authored by
4002:Kingdom of Poland
3973:alternate history
3923:William Weintraub
3917:Margaret Thatcher
3889:
3888:
3828:
3827:
3802:20–24 April 2005
3706:13–20 April 2011
3346:(October 1, 2018)
3281:2–4 October 2020
3221:(October 3, 2022)
2942:16-18 March 2024
2915:20-21 April 2024
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2646:François Hollande
2624:Charles de Gaulle
2593:Quebec Autonomism
2567:social democratic
2556:social democratic
2548:
2547:
2540:
2430:, as well as the
2397:Meech Lake Accord
2156:Journal de Québec
2109:SNQ de Lanaudière
1797:
1796:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1442:Meech Lake Accord
1262:
1261:
1254:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1048:National Assembly
994:cabinet minister
968:Charles de Gaulle
923:Georges Schoeters
872:
871:
846:quality standards
825:
824:
817:
745:of 1944 to 1959.
741:party during the
735:Maurice Duplessis
693:Grande HĂ©morragie
578:Canada for France
551:
550:
543:
383:
382:
375:
250:
249:
242:
232:
231:
224:
206:
130:
129:
122:
68:
16:(Redirected from
7560:
7438:Royal Commission
7432:
7394:
7292:Victoria Charter
7128:Quiet Revolution
7061:Distinct society
7026:Acadian movement
6904:Canadian Rockies
6869:Winter in Canada
6821:Calgary Stampede
6760:Hockey in Canada
6653:Anti-Americanism
6548:
6541:
6534:
6525:
6341:
6328:
6305:
6287:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6236:
5966:Québec solidaire
5933:Current assembly
5849:François Legault
5834:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5771:
5594:Option nationale
5553:Québec solidaire
5433:List of subjects
5410:
5403:
5396:
5387:
5369:
5360:
5352:
5344:
5340:Québec Solidaire
5335:
5294:(2003): 511–537
5277:(Vintage, 2016).
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:10.7202/703918ar
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4926:
4920:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4872:
4866:
4853:
4844:
4830:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4811:on June 29, 2011
4810:
4803:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4740:. Archived from
4730:
4724:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4693:on June 12, 2013
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4541:Montreal Gazette
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4452:. June 9, 2009.
4442:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4376:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4318:on April 7, 2009
4307:
4301:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4231:
4141:Homer to the Max
4119:Richard Dreyfuss
4028:, the superhero
3998:Second Great War
3977:Harry Turtledove
3913:Falkland Islands
3884:
3881:
3875:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3158:10-12 June 2023
3077:1 November 2023
2828:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2756:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2705:
2697:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2492:
2484:
2379:English-speaking
2360:region's history
2324:Option nationale
2271:
2231:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2130:MNQ Headquarters
2088:SSJB de Montréal
1920:Québec solidaire
1878:François Legault
1846:Polling data by
1811:
1809:Saison des idées
1792:
1789:
1783:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1752:Crown-in-Council
1726:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1675:
1667:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1518:creation of the
1489:House of Commons
1397:Jacques Parizeau
1385:Sovereignty Bill
1297:French Canadians
1274:Seven Years' War
1257:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1076:
1075:
1068:
982:
888:Pierre Bourgault
867:
864:
858:
835:
827:
820:
813:
809:
806:
800:
769:
761:
724:
723:
695:
689:
676:
646:
614:
598:
597:
546:
539:
535:
532:
526:
499:
498:
491:
487:Before the 1960s
378:
371:
367:
364:
358:
327:
319:
267:
245:
238:
227:
220:
216:
213:
207:
205:
164:
140:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
7568:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7536:
7515:
7504:La Francophonie
7448:
7430:
7392:
7374:Self-Government
7363:Indian Register
7321:
7272:Canada Act 1982
7228:
7221:
7173:
7090:Notable events:
7014:
7005:
6964:
6908:
6884:Parliament Hill
6852:
6848:Music of Canada
6843:Canadian humour
6833:Media of Canada
6780:Edmonton Oilers
6737:
6657:
6595:
6590:Canadian values
6557:
6552:
6522:
6517:
6508:Parti Québécois
6491:
6487:44th Parliament
6482:42nd Parliament
6477:41st Parliament
6472:40th Parliament
6467:39th Parliament
6460:Shadow cabinets
6455:
6398:
6392:
6351:
6268:
6263:
6233:
6228:
6147:
6102:
6047:
6023:Parti Ă©quitable
5971:Parti Québécois
5942:
5919:
5915:Former Speakers
5896:
5873:
5854:Former premiers
5835:
5826:
5817:J. Michel Doyon
5803:
5798:
5768:
5763:
5711:
5692:La Maison-Bleue
5623:
5567:
5548:Parti Québécois
5502:
5464:1995 referendum
5459:1980 referendum
5449:Francœur Motion
5437:
5419:
5414:
5367:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5333:
5322:
5256:
5254:Further reading
5251:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5187:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5158:
5156:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5120:Washington Post
5113:
5112:
5108:
5098:
5096:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5040:
5038:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5010:
5008:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4933:. On This Day.
4928:
4927:
4923:
4918:Wayback Machine
4908:
4904:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4864:Wayback Machine
4854:
4847:
4841:Wayback Machine
4831:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4801:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4777:
4774:Wayback Machine
4763:Wayback Machine
4753:
4749:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4710:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4670:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4644:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4511:Huffington Post
4505:
4504:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4321:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4246:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4181:
4114:The Two Georges
4046:Life Before Man
3981:First Great War
3885:
3879:
3876:
3869:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3838:
3836:Economic effect
3779:LĂ©ger Marketing
3737:LĂ©ger Marketing
3733:23–25 May 2009
3667:Parti Québécois
3658:(April 7, 2014)
3599:LĂ©ger Marketing
3572:LĂ©ger Marketing
3514:12–15 May 2016
3491:LĂ©ger Marketing
3162:LĂ©ger Marketing
3135:LĂ©ger Marketing
3081:LĂ©ger Marketing
3027:LĂ©ger Marketing
3000:LĂ©ger Marketing
2946:LĂ©ger Marketing
2919:LĂ©ger Marketing
2865:LĂ©ger Marketing
2832:
2818:
2805:
2801:
2785:
2757:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2722:
2706:
2695:
2675:
2659:
2654:
2642:Nicolas Sarkozy
2626:, who famously
2609:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2509:
2493:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2464:Robert Bourassa
2446:Similarly, the
2413:Lucien Bouchard
2409:
2352:French-speaking
2344:
2339:
2276:Union Populaire
2244:
2137:
2026:
1935:
1914:Parti Québécois
1904:
1899:
1860:LĂ©ger Marketing
1793:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1692:
1676:
1665:
1626:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1600:by introducing
1591:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1515:1995 referendum
1458:Union Populaire
1427:
1421:
1381:1995 referendum
1258:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1232:by introducing
1223:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1124:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:by introducing
1089:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1037:Union Nationale
1011:Parti Québécois
877:Raymond Barbeau
868:
862:
859:
849:
836:
821:
810:
804:
801:
786:
770:
759:
743:Grande Noirceur
739:Union Nationale
731:interwar period
702:Quebec diaspora
566:Jacques Cartier
547:
536:
530:
527:
521:by introducing
512:
500:
496:
489:
484:
478:
469:French Canadian
467:, originally a
424:sovereign state
379:
368:
362:
359:
344:
328:
317:
260:1995 referendum
246:
235:
234:
233:
228:
217:
211:
208:
165:
163:
153:
141:
126:
115:
109:
106:
95:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7566:
7564:
7556:
7555:
7545:
7544:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7523:
7521:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7492:British Empire
7489:
7479:
7478:
7477:
7472:
7462:
7456:
7454:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7423:
7415:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7411:
7409:agreement 1993
7401:
7395:
7385:
7376:
7371:
7365:
7360:
7359:(1876-present)
7352:
7346:
7340:
7335:
7329:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7295:
7289:
7281:
7268:
7262:
7256:
7250:
7244:
7239:
7233:
7231:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7147:
7142:
7139:October Crisis
7136:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7109:
7103:
7097:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7067:État québécois
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7031:Great Upheaval
7028:
7022:
7020:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6986:Bank of Canada
6983:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6794:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6785:Calgary Flames
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6751:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6729:
6715:
6707:
6700:
6694:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6665:
6663:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6609:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6586:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6402:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6336:
6331:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6269:
6266:Bloc Québécois
6264:
6262:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6239:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6107:Current issues
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5929:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5845:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5774:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5732:
5727:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5650:Breaking Point
5646:
5639:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5514:Bloc Québécois
5510:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5454:October Crisis
5451:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5345:
5337:
5328:
5321:
5320:External links
5318:
5317:
5316:
5306:
5299:
5288:
5278:
5273:Jacobs, Jane.
5271:
5264:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5197:
5166:
5140:
5106:
5075:
5048:
5018:
4985:
4972:(3): 551–575.
4952:
4941:on May 1, 2012
4921:
4902:
4883:(2): 245–264.
4867:
4845:
4822:
4789:
4747:
4725:
4704:
4678:
4652:
4630:
4608:
4583:
4558:
4528:
4498:
4467:
4434:
4395:
4363:
4354:
4332:
4302:
4286:
4256:
4239:www.1837.qc.ca
4225:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4165:
4152:
4131:
4109:
4098:
4085:
4076:
4069:Maurice Dantec
4064:Babylon Babies
4059:
4050:
4049:relationships.
4042:
4033:
4020:
4009:
3989:Central Powers
3963:
3950:
3935:'s 1984 novel
3930:
3920:
3905:
3893:Richard Rohmer
3887:
3886:
3861:
3859:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3679:9–11 May 2011
3676:
3675:
3661:
3660:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3595:November 2015
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3545:CROP/La Presse
3542:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3518:CROP/La Presse
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3348:
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2824:
2823:
2820:
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2808:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2773:Latin American
2759:
2758:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2674:
2671:
2658:
2657:Rest of Canada
2655:
2653:
2650:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2546:
2545:
2496:
2494:
2487:
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2471:
2468:
2408:
2405:
2348:unique culture
2343:
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2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
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2263:
2257:
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2240:
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2235:
2232:
2223:
2220:Le Mouton noir
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2136:
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2119:
2116:
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2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
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2085:SN de l’Estrie
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:Libre marcheur
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1908:Bloc Québécois
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1873:was divisive.
1871:Pauline Marois
1795:
1794:
1775:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1739:Prime Minister
1729:
1728:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1628:
1627:
1596:. Please help
1582:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1446:Bloc Québécois
1423:Main article:
1420:
1417:
1394:Quebec premier
1365:Yvon Deschamps
1320:
1319:
1316:
1260:
1259:
1228:. Please help
1214:
1212:
1205:
1193:
1190:
1126:
1125:
1094:. Please help
1080:
1078:
1071:
1062:Main article:
1059:
1056:
1052:André Marchand
1026:Pierre Laporte
1018:October Crisis
870:
869:
839:
837:
830:
823:
822:
773:
771:
764:
758:
755:
657:Family Compact
649:Château Clique
639:Parti Canadien
568:landed in the
549:
548:
517:. Please help
503:
501:
494:
488:
485:
480:Main article:
477:
474:
445:English Canada
381:
380:
331:
329:
322:
316:
313:
248:
247:
230:
229:
212:September 2021
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
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40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
7565:
7554:
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7407:
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7399:
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7380:
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7299:
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7280:
7279:
7274:
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7269:
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7260:
7257:
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7232:
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7213:
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7208:
7205:
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7198:
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7160:
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7148:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7137:
7135:speech (1967)
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7112:Regulation 17
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7100:Durham Report
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7056:Two Solitudes
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
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7018:
7013:
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6999:
6997:
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6992:
6989:
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6979:
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6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6874:Niagara Falls
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
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6809:
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6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6648:Annexationism
6646:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6618:
6615:
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6608:
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6598:
6592:
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6427:
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6422:
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6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6395:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6345:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6327:
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6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
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6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6260:
6255:
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6246:
6241:
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6237:
6225:
6222:
6220:
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6207:
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6177:
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6144:
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6137:
6134:
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6112:
6111:
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6105:
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5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
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5959:
5957:
5954:
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5949:
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5939:
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5913:
5911:
5908:
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5893:
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5888:
5885:
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5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
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5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
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5850:
5847:
5846:
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5842:
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5833:
5823:
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5806:
5802:
5795:
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5776:
5775:
5772:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5753:
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5748:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:Miscellaneous
5714:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5643:L'aut'journal
5640:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5528:Climat Québec
5526:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5411:
5406:
5404:
5399:
5397:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5198:
5185:
5181:
5180:National Post
5177:
5170:
5167:
5154:
5150:
5144:
5141:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5107:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5076:
5063:
5059:
5052:
5049:
5036:
5032:
5031:National Post
5028:
5022:
5019:
5006:
5003:(in French).
5002:
5001:
4996:
4989:
4986:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4956:
4953:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4697:September 22,
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4468:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4396:
4388:September 22,
4380:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4347:September 22,
4342:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4061:In the novel
4060:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4025:Marvel Comics
4021:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3958:Infinite Jest
3954:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3933:Clive Cussler
3931:
3928:
3927:The Underdogs
3924:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3873:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3621:
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3335:
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3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:January 2019
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
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3259:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:10 June 2022
3226:
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3222:
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3216:
3210:
3206:
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3141:
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3114:
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3098:
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3087:
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3079:
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3049:
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3033:
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3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2979:
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2955:
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2928:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2914:
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2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2848:
2829:
2816:
2815:MediaWiki.org
2812:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2783:Opinion polls
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2755:
2752:
2744:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2710:This section
2708:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2542:
2539:
2531:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2497:This section
2495:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2428:First Nations
2425:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2395:of 1982, the
2394:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2383:New Brunswick
2380:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2330:Québec debout
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:L'aut'journal
2187:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2121:SNQ du Suroît
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:2003 election
1813:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1791:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1744:, passed the
1743:
1742:Jean Chrétien
1740:
1736:
1733:In 1999, the
1725:
1722:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1680:This section
1678:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1624:
1621:
1613:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1587:single source
1583:This section
1581:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1522:(see below).
1521:
1516:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:Hardial Bains
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1474:1984 election
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1431:1994 election
1426:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:Option Québec
1342:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1325:Option Québec
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:Great Britain
1267:
1256:
1253:
1245:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1219:single source
1215:This section
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:1985 election
1179:
1178:René Lévesque
1175:
1172:
1171:1981 election
1167:
1164:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1145:On May 17 PQ
1143:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1132:1976 election
1122:
1119:
1111:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1085:single source
1081:This section
1079:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:JĂ©rĂ´me Proulx
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:René Lévesque
993:
988:
986:
981:
979:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
948:
946:
941:
939:
934:
932:
931:Gabriel Hudon
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
908:Marcel Chaput
906:, RIN member
905:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
878:
866:
856:
852:
847:
843:
840:This section
838:
834:
829:
828:
819:
816:
808:
798:
794:
790:
784:
783:
779:
774:This section
772:
768:
763:
762:
756:
754:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
722:
716:
712:
708:
703:
699:
694:
688:
687:
681:
675:
674:La Survivance
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
640:
636:
632:
628:
626:
622:
618:
613:
608:
604:
600:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:Gespe'gewa'gi
567:
562:
559:
555:
545:
542:
534:
524:
520:
516:
510:
509:
508:single source
504:This section
502:
493:
492:
486:
483:
475:
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
428:
425:
421:
416:
413:
409:
403:
401:
397:
392:
388:
377:
374:
366:
363:November 2021
356:
352:
348:
342:
341:
337:
332:This section
330:
326:
321:
320:
314:
312:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
266:
261:
256:
252:
244:
241:
226:
223:
215:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173: –
172:
168:
167:Find sources:
161:
157:
151:
150:
145:This article
143:
139:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
103:
99:
93:
92:
88:
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
7425:
7387:
7354:
7283:
7276:
7270:
7065:
7045:
6709:
6702:
6588:
6581:
6572:
6565:
6512:
6135:
5910:Nathalie Roy
5887:Marc Tanguay
5756:
5722:
5704:
5699:Le Québécois
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5664:Gens du pays
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5518:
5485:
5478:
5416:
5374:
5309:
5302:
5291:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5239:. Retrieved
5214:
5210:
5200:
5188:. Retrieved
5179:
5169:
5157:. Retrieved
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5119:
5109:
5097:. Retrieved
5078:
5066:. Retrieved
5051:
5039:. Retrieved
5021:
5009:. Retrieved
4998:
4988:
4969:
4965:
4955:
4943:. Retrieved
4939:the original
4935:Newsmagazine
4934:
4924:
4905:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4813:. Retrieved
4806:the original
4792:
4783:
4779:
4750:
4742:the original
4737:
4728:
4707:
4695:. Retrieved
4691:the original
4681:
4669:. Retrieved
4665:the original
4655:
4643:. Retrieved
4633:
4621:. Retrieved
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4595:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4570:
4561:
4549:. Retrieved
4540:
4531:
4519:. Retrieved
4501:
4489:. Retrieved
4480:
4470:
4458:. Retrieved
4425:. Retrieved
4408:
4398:
4386:. Retrieved
4372:"I'm voting"
4366:
4357:
4345:. Retrieved
4341:"I'm voting"
4335:
4327:
4320:. Retrieved
4316:the original
4305:
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4259:
4247:. Retrieved
4238:
4229:
4168:
4155:
4145:Bill Clinton
4134:
4112:
4105:
4088:
4087:In the film
4079:
4073:Babylon A.D.
4062:
4053:
4045:
4036:
4023:
4006:Mitteleuropa
3994:client state
3966:
3956:
3938:Night Probe!
3936:
3926:
3908:
3896:
3877:
3863:
3839:
3829:
3813:
3789:
3761:
3747:
3720:
3693:
3665:
3650:
3636:
3609:
3582:
3555:
3528:
3501:
3474:
3447:
3420:
3393:
3366:
3352:August 2018
3338:
3324:
3319:
3295:
3268:
3241:
3213:
3199:
3172:
3145:
3118:
3091:
3064:
3037:
3010:
2983:
2956:
2929:
2902:
2888:8 June 2024
2875:
2839:Sample size
2762:
2747:
2738:
2723:Please help
2711:
2676:
2667:
2660:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2610:
2579:
2571:Keynesianism
2560:
2552:conservative
2549:
2534:
2525:
2510:Please help
2498:
2457:
2445:
2424:Eurocentrism
2421:
2410:
2390:
2376:
2362:, as it was
2357:
2345:
2234:Québec-Radio
2228:Le Québécois
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2106:SNQ de Laval
2061:
1938:
1936:
1875:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1814:
1805:
1798:
1788:January 2024
1785:
1777:
1745:
1732:
1717:
1708:
1693:Please help
1681:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1631:
1616:
1607:
1584:
1559:francophones
1556:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1493:
1478:
1455:
1439:
1428:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1390:
1378:
1370:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1306:
1294:
1263:
1248:
1239:
1216:
1176:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1150:Robert Burns
1144:
1136:
1129:
1114:
1105:
1082:
1041:
1030:
1015:
1004:
989:
965:
957:Albert Memmi
953:Frantz Fanon
949:
942:
935:
916:
900:
881:
873:
860:
851:You can help
841:
811:
802:
787:Please help
775:
749:
747:
725:since 1881.
671:
666:
661:Upper Canada
653:Lower Canada
630:
629:
593:
572:district of
563:
558:sovereignism
557:
553:
552:
537:
528:
505:
453:
429:
417:
404:
399:
396:sovereignist
395:
390:
386:
384:
369:
360:
345:Please help
333:
302:
298:constitution
273:
271:
251:
236:
218:
209:
199:
192:
185:
178:
166:
154:Please help
149:verification
146:
116:
110:January 2022
107:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
7389:NunatuKavut
7164:(1996-2004)
7155:Unity Rally
7096:(1837-1838)
6930:War of 1812
6803:Maple syrup
5925:Legislature
5487:Clarity Act
5380:Jane Jacobs
5368:(in French)
5359:(in French)
5351:(in French)
5343:(in French)
5334:(in French)
5099:January 23,
5068:October 20,
5041:November 8,
4786:(1): 93–95.
4521:October 25,
4460:November 7,
4322:February 8,
4279:October 25,
4102:Peter Watts
3947:World War I
2811:Phabricator
2586:nationalist
1747:Clarity Act
1711:August 2024
1651:Clarity Act
1642:Roy Romanow
1610:August 2024
1520:Clarity Act
1022:James Cross
1007:Quebec City
974:, shouted "
863:August 2024
554:Sovereignty
7427:Nitassinan
7382:Inuvialuit
7368:Oka Crisis
7356:Indian Act
7259:Patriation
6399:candidates
5724:Pur et dur
5217:: 102088.
5089:Canada.com
4721:0773513426
4645:August 24,
4623:August 24,
4601:August 24,
4576:August 24,
4450:Angus Reid
4299:0140144978
4221:References
4157:The Critic
3975:novels by
3943:Ungava Bay
3897:Separation
2856:Undecided
2833:conducted
2681:, such as
2577:heritage.
2392:Canada Act
2163:Groupe TVA
1848:Angus Reid
1531:allophones
1527:anglophone
1468:, and the
1373:free trade
1360:referendum
1278:New France
1196:See also:
441:federalist
433:Meech Lake
400:separatist
391:separatist
182:newspapers
87:neutrality
50:improve it
7440:(1991–96)
7306:(1990–91)
7300:(1987–90)
7267:(to 1965)
7255:(1953–56)
7249:(1937–40)
7108:(1890–96)
6815:Festivals
6734:(1963–64)
6612:Canadians
6342:(Interim)
6329:(interim)
6306:(interim)
6288:(interim)
6053:Elections
6033:Parti nul
5657:Le Devoir
5231:0176-2680
5159:August 8,
5133:August 8,
5128:0190-8286
5000:Le Devoir
4897:145156740
4491:March 24,
4481:Le Devoir
4417:0458-3035
4249:March 19,
4139:episode "
4081:Shadowrun
4030:Northstar
4017:Plastique
4013:DC Comics
3955:'s novel
3895:'s novel
2741:July 2023
2712:does not
2652:Opponents
2621:President
2528:July 2023
2499:does not
2480:Québécois
2337:Arguments
2306:SPQ Libre
2213:La Gauche
2173:Le Devoir
1963:Mars 2011
1876:In 2021,
1865:Le Devoir
1682:does not
1602:citations
1594:talk page
1547:Algonquin
1543:Attikamek
1234:citations
1226:talk page
1100:citations
1092:talk page
961:Karl Marx
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4759:Archived
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