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553:. After CAQ gained a majority in the National Assembly of Quebec, it introduced Bill 21 on March 28, 2019. As enacted, the law bans public workers in positions of "authority" from wearing religious symbols, specifically while they are on duty. According to the text of the bill, the laicity of the state is defined by a neutral religious stance, keeping state and religious affairs apart, as well as promoting equality and freedom of conscience and religion among citizens.
325:
757:. The ban also worried Sikh men, who would be unable to wear their religious headgear. There were calls for criticism, arguing that the bill unfairly targets specific religions rather than all of them. This argument arises because some religious garments are easier to remove or hide under regular clothing such as crosses used in Christianity and Catholicism compared to turbans, hijabs, and burqas. Prime Minister
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955:, including the education system. The arrangement was unpopular, with many older Quebeckers later reporting negative experiences while in school. People saw the role of the church as a "necessary step on the road to modernity, to building a secular, more egalitarian society, freed from the evils of superstition". Religion came to be seen as a
132:
518:. The Autonomous Federation of Education also decided to bring the case to the higher court. English-language school boards must apply the statute until the appeal is decided; an interlocutory application to temporarily exempt the school boards from it was rejected by the Quebec Court of Appeal in November 2021.
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women). Blanchard stated the law "in one way violat their freedom of religion, and in another, the same in regards to their freedom of expression, since clothing constitutes both pure and simple expression, and also the manifestation of a religious belief." Nevertheless, he upheld most of the ban as
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and
Belgium as an argument that Quebec nationalism is based on moderation. Although Trudeau initially spoke out against the idea of the bill in 2017, he did not take any actual action to prevent the bill from passing. During his election campaign in 2019, he avoided the topic as much as possible in
1012:
order to maintain popularity in the polls within Quebec. The consensus among the 2019 candidates was that the bill was a provincial issue and they would not pursue action at a federal level if elected. Including NDP leader
Jagmeet Singh who would personally be affected by the bill while in Quebec.
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exempts some public workers as long as they continue to hold the same job, at the same institution. The law also outlines rules that require people to uncover their faces to receive a public service for identification or security purposes, such as taking public transit with a reduced-fare photo ID
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Several legal challenges were filed against the law and a judge ruled that the face-covering ban cannot be applicable while analyzed by another court, because of the irreversible injury it may cause some women of the Muslim faith. Another judge granted an injunction on that section questioned in
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later granted the petitioning organisations leave to appeal the claim for an injunction. The
Coalition Inclusion Quebec announced a challenge to the ruling at the Quebec Court of Appeal in order to strike down the entire law. A 29-day hearing into challenges to the law was heard in the Quebec
898:
Various forms of resistance to Law 21 have emerged since its inception. Some are the legal challenges described below. The
Coalition Inclusion Quebec is taking legal action on the basis that Law 21 specifically targets Muslim women. The Coalition Inclusion Quebec is challenging the use of the
1060:. Similarly, the notwithstanding clause cannot be used to restrict rights granted by s. 3 of the Canadian Charter to elected members of the legislative assemblies, so the law was unconstitutional to the extent it purported to apply to members of the National Assembly.
1031:(CCLA) filed a legal challenge against the law which aimed to stay its application. The groups argue that the law is unconstitutional, irreparably harms religious minorities, and constitutes "state-sanctioned second-class citizenship". The
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notwithstanding clause because it cannot be used against
Section 28 of the Charter, regarding gender discrimination. Another court case is being filed by the English Montreal School Board on the basis of violating minority language rights.
852:, the notwithstanding clause. Couillard stated that his government, in passing Bill 62, did not use the notwithstanding clause by design, asserting that the court would uphold his government's limited ban as reasonable and justified.
231:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
1056:. However, he ruled that the provisions were unconstitutional, to the extent they applied to English-language school boards, as the notwithstanding clause cannot be used to restrict minority language rights protected by the
781:(CAQ) argued the ban was not extensive enough. Some journalists accused Couillard of supporting the ban for "perceived political advantage", while a majority of the general public expressed their support for this move.
793:
poll found that 76 percent of
Quebecers backed Bill 62, with 24 percent opposing it. The same survey found that 68 percent of Canadians, in general, supported a law similar to Bill 62 in their part of Canada. A 2017
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were opposed. The CAQ government also introduced last-minute amendments toughening the law, making provisions for a minister to verify that it is being obeyed and to demand corrective measures if necessary.
881:, but not the way it was done with Bill 21." The Parti Québécois said the ban did not go far enough, and that it should have been extended to public daycare workers, as in its proposed legislation.
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The Quebec
Liberal Party said the law would go too far, particularly with respect to Muslim women, and continued to advocate a ban only on religious clothing which covered the face, such as the
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While the statute is supported by most of Quebec's population, some argue that it does not go far enough and should extend to daycares, while others argue that the statute is
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report on reasonable accommodations, raised concern that the law makes the province not look like a "decent society" and will only feed an intolerance toward minorities.
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An act to foster adherence to State religious neutrality and, in particular, to provide a framework for requests for accommodations on religious grounds in certain bodies
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William
Steinberg compares Bill 21 to "ethnic cleansing" as it discriminates against minority religions that have more requirements for religious clothing and headgear.
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stated this was a provincial matter and not relevant to the federal government's jurisdiction but did campaign in favour of Law 21. When explaining why being called a
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poll found that 70 percent of
Canadians outside of Quebec supported "legislation similar to Bill 62" where they lived in the country, with 30 percent opposing it.
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government in
October 2017 made world headlines. The law banned a person whose face is covered from delivering or receiving a public service. Justice Minister
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prohibits discrimination by governments, including on the basis of religion). The Act also states that it will apply despite sections 1 to 38 of the Quebec
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If the Liberal government had been re-elected in the general election on October 1, 2018, Premier Philippe Couillard said he would be ready to go to the
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Supports it but, said the ban did not go far enough, and that it should have been extended to public daycare workers, as in its proposed legislation.
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has called Law 21 "discriminatory", adding that "It does not so much separate religion and state as it authorizes state interference with religion".
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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718:, a law banning the display of "ostentatious" religious symbols, but they were unable to pass it before losing an election some months thereafter.
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said all religious symbols, regardless of the size of the object, would be prohibited, but not religious tattoos or hairstyles such as Rastafarian
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Any public employee who carries a weapon, including police officers, courthouse constables, bodyguards, prison guards, and wildlife officers
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card. However, people who have their faces covered for medical reasons or for job-related requirements are exempt from these rules.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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458:(secular state). It prohibits the wearing of religious symbols by certain public employees in positions of authority and
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1343:"Quebec government's proposed secularism law would ban public workers from wearing religious symbols | CBC News"
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According to the second paragraph of section 4, "State laicity also requires that all persons have the right to lay
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1307:"What's in Quebec's secularism bill: Religious symbols, uncovered faces and a charter workaround | CBC News"
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The Quebec Liberal Party government confirmed that it would not appeal the suspension of the key article of its
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665:(which protects freedom of religion and freedom of expression), and sections 7 to 15 of the Canadian Charter (
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2430:"Quebec Court of Appeal rules that secularism law known as Bill 21 is constitutional | Globalnews.ca"
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cannot be overridden by the notwithstanding clause. The Government of Quebec appealed the judgment to the
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2105:"Quebec government's proposed secularism law would ban public workers from wearing religious symbols"
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2211:"Trudeau says he won't step into Bill 21 debate to avoid triggering jurisdictional spat with Quebec"
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1651:"Four-in-ten outside Quebec would prohibit women wearing niqabs from receiving government services"
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spoke out against it. Several scholars have also criticised the ban. The ban was challenged by the
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in those who were already in office when the bill was introduced. The statute operates despite the
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Contesting Discrimination in Quebec's Bill 21: Constitutional Limits on Opting out of Human Rights
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1144:"Quebec Superior Court upholds most of religious symbols ban, but English-language schools exempt"
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1711:"Philippe Couillard irait jusqu'en Cour suprĂȘme pour dĂ©fendre la neutralitĂ© religieuse de l'Ătat"
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1928:""It's terrifying": Naheed Nenshi calls for national groundswell against Quebec secularism bill"
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In April 2021, Quebec Superior Court judge Marc-André Blanchard ruled that the law violated the
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2395:"Quebec court upholds law banning religious dress, with exceptions for English schools, MNAs"
2275:"One law, many challenges: How lawyers are trying to overturn Quebec's religious symbols ban"
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869:. Québec solidaire said that it was opposed to any ban on the wearing of religious symbols.
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asserts that Quebec is a "lay State". The laicity of the state is based on four principles:
1239:"Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat : la FAE en appellera du jugement de la Cour supĂ©rieure"
324:
17:
2571:
2355:"As trial over Quebec religious symbols ban wraps up, minority rights hang in the balance"
1747:"Doug Ford's use of notwithstanding clause music to the ears of Quebec's Francois Legault"
1279:"Law n°21 : An Act respecting the laicity of the State - National Assembly of Québec"
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to Canada Press is not seen a pejorative, Joseph Yvon Thériault, a sociology professor at
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511:
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431:
1679:"Quebec's face-covering law suspended for second time, with judge citing rights concerns"
1184:"Court mostly upholds controversial Quebec secularism law, exempts English school boards"
1124:
815:. In the judgment of the court, said section contravenes the freedoms guaranteed by the
661:, the notwithstanding clause, and states that the Act shall have effect notwithstanding
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2380:"Quebec court upholds most of province's secularism law, exempts English school boards"
1761:"Signes religieux : les membres de Québec solidaire votent pour la totale liberté"
1322:"Quebec's bill to ban religious symbols sparks condemnation in the province and Ottawa"
963:
758:
711:
530:
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2300:"Quebec Draws Challenge After Banning Many Public Workers From Wearing Religious Garb"
2129:"Hearings on constitutionality of Quebec's secularism law underway in Court of Appeal"
1729:"Opinion | Will Quebec be the next province to use the 'notwithstanding' clause?"
1608:"For supporters, Quebec's face-covering law a matter of safety and respect | CBC News"
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2167:"Bloc Quebecois leader Blanchet says secularism, Bill 21 shouldn't be campaign issue"
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preferred to wait for a judgement on the substance and constitutionality of the law.
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2336:"Group representing hijab-wearing teachers launches appeal against Bill 21 decision"
1883:"EMSB prepares legal fight over secularism law that chair says "breeds intolerance""
1224:"Les commissions scolaires anglophones exemptĂ©es de la Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat"
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1950:"NDP leader would back federal intervention in court challenge to Quebec's Bill 21"
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681:, which was amended to assert that "state laicity" is of "fundamental importance".
368:
1697:"Port de signes religieux: des partis pourraient recourir à la clause dérogatoire"
2256:"François Legault's high-stakes game with the courts and Quebec's secularism law"
2450:"It Doesn't Work!": The Symbolic Aspect of Law, From the Criminal Law to Bill 21
2080:"Majority of Canadians disapprove of Bill 21, but Quebecers are in favour: poll"
1976:"Ottawa's antisemitism envoy Irwin Cotler calls Quebec's Bill 21 discriminatory"
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Since the law was first introduced in 2019, it has faced many legal challenges.
2022:"Quebec's Bill 21: Is there room for more than one view of religion in Canada?"
1590:"Trudeau on Quebec face-cover ban: not our business to tell women what to wear"
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2047:"Bill 21 supporters testify that religious symbols send wrong message to kids"
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1165:"Quebec's top court begins hearing appeals on secularism law known as Bill 21"
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said that he would support federal intervention in court to challenge Law 21.
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878:
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1501:"Quebec bans face covering in public services, raising worries among Muslims"
1458:"How Quebec's face-covering ban stacks up to laws elsewhere around the globe"
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stated that people could seek religious exemption on a "case by case" basis.
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of Edmonton urging other municipal governments to speak out against Law 21.
1831:"Gerard Bouchard declares opposition to Quebec's 'radical' secularism bill"
1358:"Quebec passes bill banning public servants from wearing religious symbols"
502:. However, the court did rule that the law was inoperative with respect to
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It passed on June 16 by a 73â35 vote, with the backing of the CAQ and the
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1007:, compared Bill 21 to stricter legislation in European countries such as
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2003:"Opposition to Quebec's Bill 21 intensifies as minister pleads for calm"
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1431:"Quebec's ban on face-coverings risks inflaming inter-communal tensions"
673:. These provisions were included to avoid legal challenges based on the
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253:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2153:"Religious symbols: Which groups are for or against Quebec's Bill 21?"
1254:"EMSB loses bid to temporarily suspend Quebec's religious symbols law"
2524:
1623:"68% of Canadians want Quebec's face-coverings ban in their province"
451:
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as it infringed on their constitutional rights, which argues that
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upheld most of the law, despite stating that the law violates the
1473:"How will Quebec's Bill 62 work? What we know (and don't) so far"
228:
2528:
1780:"No notwithstanding clause for Bill 21 under my watch: Anglade"
637:
The law applies when receiving government services, including:
2189:"In Quebec, being a nationalist is a positive, not a negative"
1806:"GĂ©rard Bouchard challenges legitimacy of Bill 21 at hearings"
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MLQ supports the Bill, but they say it doesn't go far enough.
180:
125:
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29:
1858:"New court challenge brought against Quebec's secularism law"
1376:"Quebec bans religious symbols for state workers in new law"
1237:
La Presse canadienne (April 24, 2021). Radio-Canada (ed.).
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that society and people can choose to adopt or disregard.
2230:"Singh's stance on Bill 21 called out by anti-hate group"
1905:"CITY COUNCIL MINUTES June 22/23, 2020 â Council Chamber"
753:
a necessary part of their religion, defining the move as
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reported the law enjoyed 64 per cent support in Quebec.
1211:, 2021 QCCS 1466 (CanLII), paras. 1129â1131, 1138â1140.
549:
had campaigned for a law related to laicity during the
1522:"Wanting to ban the veil, Quebec bans sunglasses, too"
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Doctors, dentists, and midwives in public institutions
410:, Minister of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusiveness
2318:"Small victory in court for groups fighting Bill 21"
224:
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1394:"Québec Values Charter | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
951:in the 1960s, Quebec was heavily influenced by the
529:. Disapproval of the statute is more widespread in
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392:
387:
377:
367:
359:
349:
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331:
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a machine-translated version of the French article.
498:women), because the National Assembly invoked the
907:voted unanimously to condemn Bill 21 with mayors
622:Crown prosecutors, government lawyers, and judges
625:School principals, vice-principals, and teachers
145:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
749:The ban has worried some Muslims who consider
729:, introduced as Bill 62 and passed by Premier
527:religious groups like Muslims, Jews, and Sikhs
261:{{Translated|fr|Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat}}
249:accompanying your translation by providing an
211:Click for important translation instructions.
198:expand this article with text translated from
2540:
2475:What Is the True Purpose of Quebec's Bill 21?
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1159:
1157:
8:
313:
818:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
679:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2547:
2533:
2525:
2516:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2488:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2463:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1551:"Catholicism and Secularization in Quebec"
710:The Parti Québécois in 2013 under Premier
438:), introduced and commonly referred to as
343:An Act respecting the laicity of the State
323:
309:An Act respecting the laicity of the State
2353:Montpetit, Jonathan (December 21, 2020).
2273:Montpetit, Jonathan (December 12, 2019).
641:Municipal services such as public transit
291:Learn how and when to remove this message
169:Learn how and when to remove this message
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
2254:Montpetit, Jonathan (December 9, 2019).
1337:
1335:
1956:. The Canadian Press. December 14, 2021
1471:Boissinot, Jacques (October 24, 2017).
1301:
1299:
1125:Act respecting the laicity of the State
1103:
877:, argued that "We are all in favour of
849:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
824:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
675:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
658:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
476:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
427:Act respecting the laicity of the State
2743:Changement Intégrité pour notre Québec
2509:
2481:
2456:
1907:. Edmonton City Council. June 22, 2020
1138:
1136:
1134:
789:With regard to public opinion, a 2017
558:An Act Respecting laicity of the State
399:Bill 21, 1st Session, 42nd Legislature
304:
2209:Zimonjic, Peter (December 13, 2021).
1982:. The Canadian Press. January 4, 2022
1778:Authier, Philip (November 22, 2019).
1649:Korzinski, David (October 27, 2017).
1516:
1514:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
7:
2758:Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec
2001:Shingler, Benjamin (April 5, 2019).
1677:Valiante, Giuseppe (June 29, 2018).
1222:Radio-Canada, ed. (April 20, 2021).
1067:ruled in favor of Quebec's Bill 21.
1058:Canadian Charter Rights and Freedoms
1047:of religious minorities (especially
1029:Canadian Civil Liberties Association
1025:National Council of Canadian Muslims
813:Canadian Civil Liberties Association
809:National Council of Canadian Muslims
767:National Council of Canadian Muslims
763:Canadian Civil Liberties Association
671:Charter of human rights and freedoms
545:The conservative, nationalist party
494:of religious minorities (especially
466:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
2141:from the original on June 14, 2023.
1588:Kassam, Ashifa (October 20, 2017).
1499:Peritz, Ingrid (October 18, 2017).
2783:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec
2117:from the original on May 31, 2023.
1252:Jason Magder (November 10, 2021).
1209:Hak c. Procureur général du Québec
667:section 15 of the Canadian Charter
86:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
3030:Religious controversies in Canada
3015:Political controversies in Canada
1621:Abedi, Maham (October 27, 2017).
663:section 2 of the Canadian Charter
578:religious neutrality of the State
572:separation of State and religions
506:school boards and members of the
45:This article has multiple issues.
2585:
2393:Perreaux, Les (April 20, 2021).
2020:PolĂšse, Mario (August 4, 2021).
1596:– via www.theguardian.com.
1320:Perreaux, Les (March 28, 2019).
1005:University of Quebec at Montreal
185:
130:
96:guide to writing better articles
75:
34:
2228:Rabson, Mia (October 8, 2019).
1804:Authier, Philip (May 9, 2019).
1356:Perreaux, Les (June 16, 2019).
1052:the government had invoked the
604:, and to lay public services".
53:or discuss these issues on the
2169:. Global News. October 8, 2019
1398:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1182:Selena Ross (April 20, 2021).
811:with the participation of the
259:You may also add the template
1:
3025:Quebec provincial legislation
2748:Citoyens au pouvoir du Québec
446:, is a statute passed by the
2898:2012 Quebec student protests
2831:2012 Quebec general election
2826:2014 Quebec general election
2821:2018 Quebec general election
2816:2022 Quebec general election
2731:Parti conservateur du Québec
436:Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat
315:Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat
3035:Political history of Quebec
2841:Referendums on independence
2577:Former lieutenant-governors
1926:Bell, D (October 2, 2019).
1082:French ban on face covering
450:in 2019 which asserts that
448:National Assembly of Quebec
333:National Assembly of Quebec
272:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
18:Quebec ban on face covering
3051:
2614:Premiers by time in office
987:Law 21 was debated in the
977:Mouvement laïque québécois
706:Proposed Charter of Values
223:Machine translation, like
2773:Parti culinaire du Québec
2647:Former Opposition Leaders
2583:
1885:. CBC. September 26, 2019
1429:M.D. (October 20, 2017).
1063:On February 29 2024, The
962:A 2019 poll conducted by
871:Quebec Liberal leadership
414:
322:
200:the corresponding article
1128:, SQ 2019, c. 12, s. 1.
1036:Superior Court in 2020.
832:Religious Neutrality Act
716:Quebec Charter of Values
566:equality of all citizens
551:2018 provincial election
512:minority language rights
484:Superior Court of Quebec
473:certain sections of the
2907:Other Canadian politics
2716:Parti libéral du Québec
2711:Coalition Avenir Québec
2693:Government House Leader
2657:Speaker of the Assembly
1087:Hijab by country#Canada
843:Supreme Court of Canada
779:Coalition Avenir Québec
547:Coalition Avenir Québec
482:On April 20, 2021, the
270:For more guidance, see
90:used on Knowledge (XXG)
2624:Government departments
1717:on September 11, 2018.
1549:Baum, Gregory (1986).
1065:Quebec Court of Appeal
1054:notwithstanding clause
1033:Quebec Court of Appeal
997:Yves-Francois Blanchet
516:Quebec Court of Appeal
500:notwithstanding clause
435:
314:
94:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
2768:Parti indépendantiste
2763:Parti unité nationale
2506:. Directions Journal.
2478:. Directions Journal.
2453:. Directions Journal.
2234:Federal Election 2019
2053:. November 10, 2020.
1749:. September 12, 2018.
1735:. September 12, 2018.
1226:(in Canadian French).
1041:freedom of expression
989:2019 federal election
905:Edmonton City Council
771:Quebec Superior Court
654:The Act also invokes
607:Immigration Minister
602:judicial institutions
583:freedom of conscience
556:The first section of
488:freedom of expression
243:copyright attribution
3005:Clothing in politics
2793:Parti vert du Québec
2137:. November 7, 2022.
919:New Democratic Party
901:Calgary City Council
836:Government of Quebec
796:Angus Reid Institute
690:Quebec Liberal Party
609:Simon Jolin-Barrette
541:Contents and passage
408:Simon Jolin-Barrette
354:Parliament of Quebec
3010:Dress codes (legal)
2836:Electoral districts
2564:Lieutenant Governor
2472:Lord, Phil (2020).
2447:Lord, Phil (2020).
1530:. November 24, 2017
647:Subsidised daycares
615:. The law affects:
587:freedom of religion
388:Legislative history
3020:Politics of Quebec
2891:Quebec sovereignty
2869:Quebec nationalism
2753:Ăquipe autonomiste
2556:Politics of Quebec
2399:The Globe and Mail
2113:. March 28, 2019.
1980:The Globe and Mail
1699:. August 14, 2018.
1505:The Globe and Mail
1478:The Globe and Mail
1362:The Globe and Mail
1326:The Globe and Mail
847:section 33 of the
731:Philippe Couillard
656:section 33 of the
631:grandfather clause
251:interlanguage link
149:You can assist by
2987:
2986:
2884:Quebec autonomism
2879:Quebec federalism
2874:National question
2703:Political parties
2634:Opposition Leader
2498:Sheppard, Colleen
1954:CTV News Montreal
1150:. April 21, 2021.
891:, authors of the
875:Dominique Anglade
773:. Meanwhile, the
701:Prior legislation
508:National Assembly
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88:encyclopedic tone
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27:Statute of Quebec
16:(Redirected from
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2721:Québec solidaire
2688:Current assembly
2604:François Legault
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2306:. June 18, 2019.
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949:Quiet Revolution
802:Court challenges
739:Stéphanie Vallée
694:Québec solidaire
504:English-language
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953:Catholic Church
945:
911:of Calgary and
893:Bouchard-Taylor
885:GĂ©rard Bouchard
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