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This allegiance would soon sour as the bureaucracy of the
Spanish Empire would cause major delays to the construction of the missions. When the Spanish’s first gifts arrived in 1780, they would be more of a bad omen than a sign of friendship as the livestock being herded to them would go and trample
557:
The
Quechan tribe, in partnership with linguists, have created a fully detailed language guide. This guide includes sections about their alphabet along with the different words for actions, animals, the body, colors, directions, family and friends, house, money, nature and the environment, numbers,
422:, killing many. The following year, the Spanish retaliated with military action against the tribe. After 1840, the Quechan people near La Frontera returned to their original ways of religious practice as soon as the mission priests left and no one replaced them.
453:
The Sierra de las Pintas was a mountain range that most
Spanish expeditions would actively avoid. Spanish explorers were able to see the range, but avoided exploring due to the Quechan informing them that it was uninhabitable and had no drinkable water sources.
504:
indigenous who fled from San
Gabriel. Sebastian was then followed by Captain Juan Bautista de Anza. Anza was only able to follow Sebastian to the Imperial Valley Kamia village, where he lost Sebastian and was forced to reach the Quechan people on his own.
409:
The following year, two high members of the tribe were arrested for allegedly plotting to assassinate a high-ranking officer. One of the natives was placed in stocks to humiliate them and this caused Palma to finally turn his back on the
Spanish.
398:. He promised them to set up a mission where all people would live together instead of in a hierarchy. Alongside the promise, de Anza gave Palma’s people horses, steel weapons, clothes, and iron as a token of allegiance.
529:(1925:883) put the 1770 population of the Quechan at 2,500. Jack D. Forbes (1965:341–343) compiled historical estimates and suggested that before they were first contacted, the Quechan had numbered 4,000 or a few more.
499:
At first, the
Spanish used minor portions of the trail. It was not until San Diego and Monterey were established that they needed a more reliable and faster path. The path was first walked by Sebastian Taraval, a
413:
Spanish settlement among the
Quechan did not go smoothly; the tribe rebelled from July 17–19, 1781 and killed four priests and thirty soldiers. They also attacked and damaged the Spanish mission settlements of
532:
Kroeber estimated the population of the
Quechan in 1910 as 750. By 1950, there were reported to be just under 1,000 Quechan living on the reservation and more than 1,100 off it (Forbes 1965:343). The
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2177:
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When the
Spanish had the Yumans guide them through the Sierra de las Pintas, they would take the Spanish to an area with little to no water in order to discourage further exploration.
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reported a resident population of 2,376 persons on the Fort Yuma Indian
Reservation. As of 2023, there are about 4,000 active members of the tribe living on or near the reservation.
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441:, after the Quechan had established a rival ferry service on the Colorado River. During which, the historic Fort Yuma was built across the Colorado River from the present day
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The federally recognized Quechan tribe's main office is located in Winterhaven, California. Its operations and the majority of its reservation land are located in
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most of if not all the Quechan’s crops. That year there was severe lack of rain thus forcing the Quechan to raid another nearby tribe known as the
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The Spanish Missionary Heritage of the United States: Selected Papers and Commentaries from the November 1990 Quincentenary Symposium
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The Spanish later on attempted to explore the mountain range, searching for water in creative ways. Explorers would follow herds of
141:
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The historic Yuman-speaking people in this region were skilled warriors and active traders, maintaining exchange networks with the
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496:. This route was well established before the arrival of the Spanish, and used as a trade route amongst the tribes of the areas.
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The Fort Yuma Indian Reservation is a part of the Quechan's traditional lands. Established in 1884, the reservation, at
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Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially (see
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1980:
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1900:
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1835:
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Yumas in "United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. Report of William H. Emory…" Washington, 1857, Volume I
42:
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up the mountain or by chance would find small patches of vegetation pointing toward a hidden water source.
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675:"2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010"
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This article is about the Yuma, the Native American people in the United States. For their language, see
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2010:
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and his party in the winter of 1774. Relations were friendly. On Anza's return from his second trip to
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858:"Yuman Rebels of Antigua California: Colonial Resistance in a Hostile Environment?"
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Once the initial contact had been made, The Quechan people seemed inviting toward
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just north of the Mexican border. Despite their name, they are not related to the
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in Mexico City on February 13, 1777. Palma was given the Spanish baptismal name
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978:"Departments - Quechan Language Preservation - Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"
603:, has a land area of 178.197 km (68.802 sq mi) in southeastern
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337:
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Warriors of the Colorado: The Yumas of the Quechan Nation and Their Neighbors
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Massacre at the Yuma Crossing: Spanish Relations with the Quechans, 1779-1782
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30:"Yuman" redirects here. For the settlement in Butte County, California, see
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Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540–1859.
2123:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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The Yuma route was a trail that ran from Southern New Mexico and reached
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in southern Arizona, New Mexico, and with peoples of the Pacific coast.
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1024:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. Vol. 78. Washington, DC.
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16:
Ethnic group and federally-recognized tribe in Arizona, United States
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from 1850 to 1853 in response to a conflict between the Quechan and
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After the United States annexed the territories after winning the
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811:. United States Department of the Interior/National Park Service.
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to petition the Viceroy of New Spain for the establishment of a
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51:
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A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
825:
Contesting the Borderlands: Interviews on the Early Southwest
1844:
1073:
749:
Juan Bautista de Anza: The King's Governor in New Mexico
1069:
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
650:
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
615:. Both the county and city are named for the tribe.
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2019:
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1796:
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480:. The trail branched out even further to reach the
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82:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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355:The first significant contact of the Quechan with
334:Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation.
2178:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
383:. The chief Palma and his three companions were
908:"The Development of the Yuma Route before 1846"
822:Lawrence, Deborah; Lawrence, Jon (2016-04-28).
375:of the tribe and three of his men journeyed to
1748:
1380:
1127:
805:Service, United States National Park (1993).
8:
332:of the Andes. Members are enrolled into the
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696:"About Us - Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"
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1034:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
156:
856:Porcayo-Michelini, Antonio (2022-07-03).
142:Learn how and when to remove this message
34:. For the Italian singer-songwriter, see
2203:Geography of Imperial County, California
1013:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
912:California Historical Society Quarterly
666:
558:place names, plants, time, and shapes.
23:. For the South American language, see
1356:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
1161:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
1074:"Yuma Reservation, California/Arizona"
1027:
1021:Handbook of the Indians of California
655:Native Americans in the United States
562:Fort Yuma Native American Reservation
7:
2168:Native American tribes in California
1476:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
901:
899:
851:
849:
847:
845:
800:
798:
796:
550:The Quechan language is part of the
191:Regions with significant populations
80:adding citations to reliable sources
1051:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
725:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
2037:Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation
1763:Municipalities and communities of
645:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
14:
2198:Geography of Yuma County, Arizona
2173:Native American tribes in Arizona
1108:, Inter Tribal Council of Arizona
746:Herrera, Carlos R. (2015-01-14).
1403:Indigenous peoples of California
1396:
1143:
954:"Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"
828:. University of Oklahoma Press.
752:. University of Oklahoma Press.
416:San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer
209:
197:
170:
56:
1296:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
779:. University of Arizona Press.
719:Luebering, J. E. (2010-08-15).
523:population of Native California
67:needs additional citations for
1574:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
906:Forbes, Jack D. (1964-06-01).
625:Quechan traditional narratives
1:
874:10.1080/1947461x.2022.2121023
773:Santiago, Mark (2016-12-15).
420:Puerto de PurĂsima ConcepciĂłn
248:traditional tribal religion,
2183:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
2031:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
1876:El Centro Naval Air Facility
568:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
314:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
1766:Imperial County, California
1079:United States Census Bureau
1043:Pritzker, Barry M. (2000).
605:Imperial County, California
301:'those who descended'), or
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1065:Zappia, Natale A. (2014).
565:
543:
517:Two Quechans in about 1875
40:
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18:
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1842:
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1005:Forbes, Jack D. (1965).
41:Not to be confused with
2193:Winterhaven, California
1672:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1531:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
1106:Fort Yuma-Quechan Tribe
1018:Kroeber, A. L. (1925).
722:Native American History
449:La Sierra de las Pintas
389:Salvador Carlos Antonio
1850:
1100:Quechan Tribal Council
862:California Archaeology
518:
286:
2060:Carrizo Creek Station
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1641:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1474:Eel River Athapaskans
552:Yuman language family
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396:Juan Bautista de Anza
365:Juan Bautista de Anza
284:
256:Related ethnic groups
2141:United States portal
982:www.quechantribe.com
958:Keepers of the River
700:www.quechantribe.com
609:Yuma County, Arizona
429:, it engaged in the
427:Mexican–American War
76:improve this article
1849:Imperial County map
611:, near the city of
587: /
176:Quechan tribal seal
159:
2090:Pilot Knob Station
1851:
1150:Indigenous peoples
1102:, official website
591:32.783°N 114.650°W
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25:Quechuan languages
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2134:California portal
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1058:978-0-19-513877-1
835:978-0-8061-5509-8
786:978-0-8165-3685-6
759:978-0-8061-4963-9
732:978-1-61530-130-0
527:Alfred L. Kroeber
482:Los Angeles Basin
340:, United States.
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1871:Desert Shores
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918:(2): 99–118.
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613:Yuma, Arizona
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462:Bighorn Sheep
458:
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443:Yuma, Arizona
440:
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371:in 1776, the
370:
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359:was with the
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316:on the lower
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186:10,089 (2010)
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135:
132:November 2021
124:
121:
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114:
110:
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103:
100:
96:
93: –
92:
88:
87:Find sources:
81:
77:
71:
70:
65:This article
63:
59:
54:
53:
48:
44:
37:
33:
26:
22:
2070:Indian Wells
2023:reservations
1991:Mount Signal
1961:Coyote Wells
1956:Boulder Park
1951:Bonds Corner
1866:Bombay Beach
1785:
1663:(Gabrieliño)
1647:(Fernandeño)
1622:
1552:(Bear River)
1352:
1267:Southern Ute
1262:Tonto Apache
1227:
1083:. Retrieved
1077:
1066:
1046:
1020:
1008:
985:. Retrieved
981:
972:
961:. Retrieved
957:
948:
915:
911:
865:
861:
824:
817:
807:
775:
768:
748:
741:
721:
714:
703:. Retrieved
699:
690:
681:
669:
571:
556:
549:
531:
520:
498:
471:
459:
456:
452:
439:Glanton Gang
424:
412:
408:
400:
393:
388:
354:
347:
333:
302:
298:
290:
288:
154:Ethnic group
138:
129:
119:
112:
105:
98:
86:
74:Please help
69:verification
66:
2075:Jaeger City
2055:Camp Gaston
2047:Ghost towns
1981:Kane Spring
1928:communities
1916:Winterhaven
1901:Salton City
1836:Westmorland
1781:County seat
1667:TĂĽbatulabal
1485:Halchidhoma
1464:Coast Miwok
1424:Ahwahnechee
1317:Basketmaker
1183:Halchidhoma
594: /
534:2000 census
377:Mexico City
250:Catholicism
2157:Categories
1896:Palo Verde
1816:Calipatria
1592:Kucadikadi
1535:Lake Miwok
1449:Chemehuevi
1419:Acjachemen
1173:Chiricahua
1168:Chemehuevi
1085:2006-11-27
987:2023-05-15
963:2023-05-15
705:2022-01-12
682:census.gov
661:References
509:Population
494:Gila River
338:California
326:California
217:California
102:newspapers
2119:Footnotes
2011:Slab City
1966:Dixieland
1826:Holtville
1821:El Centro
1788:El Centro
1702:Wukchumni
1606:Ramaytush
1602:Costanoan
1563:(Klamath)
1556:Mechoopda
1519:Kitanemuk
1454:Chimariko
1434:Bay Miwok
1353:See also:
1309:dwellings
1238:Hopi-Tewa
1188:Havasupai
1030:cite book
932:0008-1175
890:252324718
882:1947-461X
635:Fort Yuma
486:San Diego
474:Chihuahua
363:explorer
357:Europeans
223:Languages
91:"Quechan"
2095:Potholes
2006:Rockwood
1986:Meloland
1971:Felicity
1936:Alamorio
1891:Ocotillo
1831:Imperial
1811:Calexico
1651:Timbisha
1645:Tataviam
1529:Kumeyaay
1514:Kawaiisu
1444:Cahuilla
1429:Atsugewi
1414:Achomawi
1327:Mogollon
1203:Maricopa
1198:Hualapai
940:25155639
619:See also
582:114°39′W
540:Language
492:and the
437:and the
431:Yuma War
404:Maricopa
385:baptized
305:, are a
299:Kwatsáan
270:Kumeyaay
262:Maricopa
243:Religion
164:Kwatsáan
2163:Quechan
2105:Silsbee
2085:Paringa
2001:Picacho
1996:Obregon
1941:Andrade
1806:Brawley
1677:Vanyume
1634:Serrano
1629:Salinan
1623:Quechan
1583:Nomlaki
1578:Nisenan
1550:Mattole
1540:Luiseño
1498:Whilkut
1494:Chilula
1480:Esselen
1459:Chumash
1342:Sinagua
1332:Patayan
1322:Hohokam
1282:Yavapai
1245:OĘĽodham
1228:Quechan
1178:Cocopah
1154:Arizona
579:32°47′N
502:Cochimi
381:mission
361:Spanish
344:History
322:Arizona
295:Quechan
291:Quechan
274:Yavapai
237:Spanish
233:English
229:Quechan
205:Arizona
158:Quechan
116:scholar
47:Quechua
2080:Ogilby
2065:Hedges
2021:Indian
1976:Glamis
1911:Seeley
1886:Niland
1798:Cities
1712:Yokuts
1687:Washoe
1661:Tongva
1656:Tolowa
1639:Shasta
1625:(Yuma)
1613:Patwin
1598:Ohlone
1567:Mohave
1469:Cupeño
1438:Saklan
1337:Salado
1213:Navajo
1208:Mohave
1055:
938:
930:
888:
880:
832:
783:
756:
729:
478:Sonora
266:Mojave
214:
202:
118:
111:
104:
97:
89:
43:Quecha
2110:Tumco
1881:Heber
1722:Yurok
1697:Wiyot
1692:Wintu
1682:Wappo
1561:Modoc
1545:Maidu
1509:Cahto
1504:Karuk
1277:Yaqui
936:JSTOR
886:S2CID
678:(PDF)
373:chief
310:tribe
123:JSTOR
109:books
1946:Bard
1858:CDPs
1717:Yuki
1707:Yana
1618:Pomo
1572:Mono
1524:Kizh
1490:Hupa
1287:Zuni
1233:Tewa
1223:Pima
1193:Hopi
1053:ISBN
1036:link
928:ISSN
878:ISSN
830:ISBN
781:ISBN
754:ISBN
727:ISBN
476:and
418:and
350:Pima
324:and
303:Yuma
289:The
95:news
1152:of
920:doi
870:doi
525:).
320:in
78:by
45:or
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1769:,
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1061:.
1038:)
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966:.
942:.
922::
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684:.
293:(
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139:(
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130:(
120:·
113:·
106:·
99:·
72:.
49:.
38:.
27:.
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