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This allegiance would soon sour as the bureaucracy of the
Spanish Empire would cause major delays to the construction of the missions. When the Spanish’s first gifts arrived in 1780, they would be more of a bad omen than a sign of friendship as the livestock being herded to them would go and trample
568:
The
Quechan tribe, in partnership with linguists, have created a fully detailed language guide. This guide includes sections about their alphabet along with the different words for actions, animals, the body, colors, directions, family and friends, house, money, nature and the environment, numbers,
433:, killing many. The following year, the Spanish retaliated with military action against the tribe. After 1840, the Quechan people near La Frontera returned to their original ways of religious practice as soon as the mission priests left and no one replaced them.
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The Sierra de las Pintas was a mountain range that most
Spanish expeditions would actively avoid. Spanish explorers were able to see the range, but avoided exploring due to the Quechan informing them that it was uninhabitable and had no drinkable water sources.
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indigenous who fled from San
Gabriel. Sebastian was then followed by Captain Juan Bautista de Anza. Anza was only able to follow Sebastian to the Imperial Valley Kamia village, where he lost Sebastian and was forced to reach the Quechan people on his own.
420:
The following year, two high members of the tribe were arrested for allegedly plotting to assassinate a high-ranking officer. One of the natives was placed in stocks to humiliate them and this caused Palma to finally turn his back on the
Spanish.
409:. He promised them to set up a mission where all people would live together instead of in a hierarchy. Alongside the promise, de Anza gave Palma’s people horses, steel weapons, clothes, and iron as a token of allegiance.
540:(1925:883) put the 1770 population of the Quechan at 2,500. Jack D. Forbes (1965:341–343) compiled historical estimates and suggested that before they were first contacted, the Quechan had numbered 4,000 or a few more.
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At first, the
Spanish used minor portions of the trail. It was not until San Diego and Monterey were established that they needed a more reliable and faster path. The path was first walked by Sebastian Taraval, a
424:
Spanish settlement among the
Quechan did not go smoothly; the tribe rebelled from July 17–19, 1781 and killed four priests and thirty soldiers. They also attacked and damaged the Spanish mission settlements of
543:
Kroeber estimated the population of the
Quechan in 1910 as 750. By 1950, there were reported to be just under 1,000 Quechan living on the reservation and more than 1,100 off it (Forbes 1965:343). The
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468:
When the
Spanish had the Yumans guide them through the Sierra de las Pintas, they would take the Spanish to an area with little to no water in order to discourage further exploration.
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reported a resident population of 2,376 persons on the Fort Yuma Indian
Reservation. As of 2023, there are about 4,000 active members of the tribe living on or near the reservation.
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452:, after the Quechan had established a rival ferry service on the Colorado River. During which, the historic Fort Yuma was built across the Colorado River from the present day
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The federally recognized Quechan tribe's main office is located in Winterhaven, California. Its operations and the majority of its reservation land are located in
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most of if not all the Quechan’s crops. That year there was severe lack of rain thus forcing the Quechan to raid another nearby tribe known as the
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The Spanish Missionary Heritage of the United States: Selected Papers and Commentaries from the November 1990 Quincentenary Symposium
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The Spanish later on attempted to explore the mountain range, searching for water in creative ways. Explorers would follow herds of
152:
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The historic Yuman-speaking people in this region were skilled warriors and active traders, maintaining exchange networks with the
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507:. This route was well established before the arrival of the Spanish, and used as a trade route amongst the tribes of the areas.
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The Fort Yuma Indian Reservation is a part of the Quechan's traditional lands. Established in 1884, the reservation, at
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Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially (see
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1991:
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1846:
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Yumas in "United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. Report of William H. Emory…" Washington, 1857, Volume I
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up the mountain or by chance would find small patches of vegetation pointing toward a hidden water source.
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686:"2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010"
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This article is about the Yuma, the Native American people in the United States. For their language, see
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and his party in the winter of 1774. Relations were friendly. On Anza's return from his second trip to
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869:"Yuman Rebels of Antigua California: Colonial Resistance in a Hostile Environment?"
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Once the initial contact had been made, The Quechan people seemed inviting toward
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just north of the Mexican border. Despite their name, they are not related to the
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in Mexico City on February 13, 1777. Palma was given the Spanish baptismal name
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989:"Departments - Quechan Language Preservation - Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"
614:, has a land area of 178.197 km (68.802 sq mi) in southeastern
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Warriors of the Colorado: The Yumas of the Quechan Nation and Their Neighbors
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Massacre at the Yuma Crossing: Spanish Relations with the Quechans, 1779-1782
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41:"Yuman" redirects here. For the settlement in Butte County, California, see
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Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540–1859.
2134:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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The Yuma route was a trail that ran from Southern New Mexico and reached
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in southern Arizona, New Mexico, and with peoples of the Pacific coast.
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1035:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. Vol. 78. Washington, DC.
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27:
Ethnic group and federally-recognized tribe in Arizona, United States
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from 1850 to 1853 in response to a conflict between the Quechan and
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After the United States annexed the territories after winning the
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822:. United States Department of the Interior/National Park Service.
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to petition the Viceroy of New Spain for the establishment of a
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A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
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Contesting the Borderlands: Interviews on the Early Southwest
1855:
1084:
760:
Juan Bautista de Anza: The King's Governor in New Mexico
1080:
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
661:
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
626:. Both the county and city are named for the tribe.
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1935:
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1807:
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491:. The trail branched out even further to reach the
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93:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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366:The first significant contact of the Quechan with
345:Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation.
2189:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
394:. The chief Palma and his three companions were
919:"The Development of the Yuma Route before 1846"
833:Lawrence, Deborah; Lawrence, Jon (2016-04-28).
386:of the tribe and three of his men journeyed to
1759:
1391:
1138:
816:Service, United States National Park (1993).
8:
343:of the Andes. Members are enrolled into the
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1856:
707:"About Us - Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"
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1045:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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867:Porcayo-Michelini, Antonio (2022-07-03).
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
45:. For the Italian singer-songwriter, see
2214:Geography of Imperial County, California
1024:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
923:California Historical Society Quarterly
677:
569:place names, plants, time, and shapes.
34:. For the South American language, see
1367:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
1172:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
1085:"Yuma Reservation, California/Arizona"
1038:
1032:Handbook of the Indians of California
666:Native Americans in the United States
573:Fort Yuma Native American Reservation
7:
2179:Native American tribes in California
1487:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
912:
910:
862:
860:
858:
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811:
809:
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561:The Quechan language is part of the
202:Regions with significant populations
91:adding citations to reliable sources
1062:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
736:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
2048:Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation
1774:Municipalities and communities of
656:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
25:
2209:Geography of Yuma County, Arizona
2184:Native American tribes in Arizona
1119:, Inter Tribal Council of Arizona
757:Herrera, Carlos R. (2015-01-14).
1414:Indigenous peoples of California
1407:
1154:
965:"Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"
839:. University of Oklahoma Press.
763:. University of Oklahoma Press.
427:San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer
220:
208:
181:
67:
1307:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
790:. University of Arizona Press.
730:Luebering, J. E. (2010-08-15).
534:population of Native California
78:needs additional citations for
1585:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
917:Forbes, Jack D. (1964-06-01).
636:Quechan traditional narratives
1:
885:10.1080/1947461x.2022.2121023
784:Santiago, Mark (2016-12-15).
431:Puerto de PurĂsima ConcepciĂłn
259:traditional tribal religion,
2194:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
2042:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
1887:El Centro Naval Air Facility
579:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
325:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
1777:Imperial County, California
1090:United States Census Bureau
1054:Pritzker, Barry M. (2000).
616:Imperial County, California
312:'those who descended'), or
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1076:Zappia, Natale A. (2014).
576:
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528:Two Quechans in about 1875
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1016:Forbes, Jack D. (1965).
52:Not to be confused with
2204:Winterhaven, California
1683:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1542:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
1117:Fort Yuma-Quechan Tribe
1029:Kroeber, A. L. (1925).
733:Native American History
460:La Sierra de las Pintas
400:Salvador Carlos Antonio
1861:
1111:Quechan Tribal Council
873:California Archaeology
529:
297:
2071:Carrizo Creek Station
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1652:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1485:Eel River Athapaskans
563:Yuman language family
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407:Juan Bautista de Anza
376:Juan Bautista de Anza
295:
267:Related ethnic groups
2152:United States portal
993:www.quechantribe.com
969:Keepers of the River
711:www.quechantribe.com
620:Yuma County, Arizona
440:, it engaged in the
438:Mexican–American War
87:improve this article
1860:Imperial County map
622:, near the city of
598: /
187:Quechan tribal seal
170:
2101:Pilot Knob Station
1862:
1161:Indigenous peoples
1113:, official website
602:32.783°N 114.650°W
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36:Quechuan languages
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2145:California portal
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1740:
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1069:978-0-19-513877-1
846:978-0-8061-5509-8
797:978-0-8165-3685-6
770:978-0-8061-4963-9
743:978-1-61530-130-0
538:Alfred L. Kroeber
493:Los Angeles Basin
351:, United States.
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16:(Redirected from
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1882:Desert Shores
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929:(2): 99–118.
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624:Yuma, Arizona
621:
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580:
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473:Bighorn Sheep
469:
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459:
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454:Yuma, Arizona
451:
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397:
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389:
385:
382:in 1776, the
381:
377:
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370:was with the
369:
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352:
350:
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338:
334:
330:
327:on the lower
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197:10,089 (2010)
195:
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146:
143:November 2021
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104: –
103:
99:
98:Find sources:
92:
88:
82:
81:
76:This article
74:
70:
65:
64:
59:
55:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2081:Indian Wells
2034:reservations
2002:Mount Signal
1972:Coyote Wells
1967:Boulder Park
1962:Bonds Corner
1877:Bombay Beach
1796:
1674:(Gabrieliño)
1658:(Fernandeño)
1633:
1563:(Bear River)
1363:
1278:Southern Ute
1273:Tonto Apache
1238:
1094:. Retrieved
1088:
1077:
1057:
1031:
1019:
996:. Retrieved
992:
983:
972:. Retrieved
968:
959:
926:
922:
876:
872:
835:
828:
818:
786:
779:
759:
752:
732:
725:
714:. Retrieved
710:
701:
692:
680:
582:
567:
560:
542:
531:
509:
482:
470:
467:
463:
450:Glanton Gang
435:
423:
419:
411:
404:
399:
365:
358:
344:
313:
309:
301:
299:
165:Ethnic group
149:
140:
130:
123:
116:
109:
97:
85:Please help
80:verification
77:
2086:Jaeger City
2066:Camp Gaston
2058:Ghost towns
1992:Kane Spring
1939:communities
1927:Winterhaven
1912:Salton City
1847:Westmorland
1792:County seat
1678:TĂĽbatulabal
1496:Halchidhoma
1475:Coast Miwok
1435:Ahwahnechee
1328:Basketmaker
1194:Halchidhoma
605: /
545:2000 census
388:Mexico City
261:Catholicism
2168:Categories
1907:Palo Verde
1827:Calipatria
1603:Kucadikadi
1546:Lake Miwok
1460:Chemehuevi
1430:Acjachemen
1184:Chiricahua
1179:Chemehuevi
1096:2006-11-27
998:2023-05-15
974:2023-05-15
716:2022-01-12
693:census.gov
672:References
520:Population
505:Gila River
349:California
337:California
228:California
113:newspapers
2130:Footnotes
2022:Slab City
1977:Dixieland
1837:Holtville
1832:El Centro
1799:El Centro
1713:Wukchumni
1617:Ramaytush
1613:Costanoan
1574:(Klamath)
1567:Mechoopda
1530:Kitanemuk
1465:Chimariko
1445:Bay Miwok
1364:See also:
1320:dwellings
1249:Hopi-Tewa
1199:Havasupai
1041:cite book
943:0008-1175
901:252324718
893:1947-461X
646:Fort Yuma
497:San Diego
485:Chihuahua
374:explorer
368:Europeans
234:Languages
102:"Quechan"
2106:Potholes
2017:Rockwood
1997:Meloland
1982:Felicity
1947:Alamorio
1902:Ocotillo
1842:Imperial
1822:Calexico
1662:Timbisha
1656:Tataviam
1540:Kumeyaay
1525:Kawaiisu
1455:Cahuilla
1440:Atsugewi
1425:Achomawi
1338:Mogollon
1214:Maricopa
1209:Hualapai
951:25155639
630:See also
593:114°39′W
551:Language
503:and the
448:and the
442:Yuma War
415:Maricopa
396:baptized
316:, are a
310:Kwatsáan
281:Kumeyaay
273:Maricopa
254:Religion
175:Kwatsáan
2174:Quechan
2116:Silsbee
2096:Paringa
2012:Picacho
2007:Obregon
1952:Andrade
1817:Brawley
1688:Vanyume
1645:Serrano
1640:Salinan
1634:Quechan
1594:Nomlaki
1589:Nisenan
1561:Mattole
1551:Luiseño
1509:Whilkut
1505:Chilula
1491:Esselen
1470:Chumash
1353:Sinagua
1343:Patayan
1333:Hohokam
1293:Yavapai
1256:OĘĽodham
1239:Quechan
1189:Cocopah
1165:Arizona
590:32°47′N
513:Cochimi
392:mission
372:Spanish
355:History
333:Arizona
306:Quechan
302:Quechan
285:Yavapai
248:Spanish
244:English
240:Quechan
216:Arizona
169:Quechan
127:scholar
58:Quechua
2091:Ogilby
2076:Hedges
2032:Indian
1987:Glamis
1922:Seeley
1897:Niland
1809:Cities
1723:Yokuts
1698:Washoe
1672:Tongva
1667:Tolowa
1650:Shasta
1636:(Yuma)
1624:Patwin
1609:Ohlone
1578:Mohave
1480:Cupeño
1449:Saklan
1348:Salado
1224:Navajo
1219:Mohave
1066:
949:
941:
899:
891:
843:
794:
767:
740:
489:Sonora
277:Mojave
225:
213:
129:
122:
115:
108:
100:
54:Quecha
2121:Tumco
1892:Heber
1733:Yurok
1708:Wiyot
1703:Wintu
1693:Wappo
1572:Modoc
1556:Maidu
1520:Cahto
1515:Karuk
1288:Yaqui
947:JSTOR
897:S2CID
689:(PDF)
384:chief
321:tribe
134:JSTOR
120:books
1957:Bard
1869:CDPs
1728:Yuki
1718:Yana
1629:Pomo
1583:Mono
1535:Kizh
1501:Hupa
1298:Zuni
1244:Tewa
1234:Pima
1204:Hopi
1064:ISBN
1047:link
939:ISSN
889:ISSN
841:ISBN
792:ISBN
765:ISBN
738:ISBN
487:and
429:and
361:Pima
335:and
314:Yuma
300:The
106:news
1163:of
931:doi
881:doi
536:).
331:in
89:by
56:or
2170::
1795::
1780:,
1507:,
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1043:}}
1039:{{
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937:.
927:43
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921:.
909:^
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709:.
691:.
565:.
499:,
495:,
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283:,
279:,
275:,
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242:,
2044:‡
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1601:(
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1072:.
1049:)
1001:.
977:.
953:.
933::
903:.
883::
849:.
800:.
773:.
746:.
719:.
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304:(
156:)
150:(
145:)
141:(
131:·
124:·
117:·
110:·
83:.
60:.
49:.
38:.
20:)
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