857:
1234:
789:, it was agreed that the latter would take the title of king, but only during his wife's lifetime, and restrictions were placed on his power. William, however, would be king even after his wife's death, and "the sole and full exercise of the regal power executed by the said Prince of Orange in the names of the said Prince and Princess during their joint lives." The declaration was later extended to exclude not only James and his heirs (other than Anne) from the throne, but all Catholics, since "it hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a papist prince".
892:(who supported James) in Ireland. William had crushed the Irish Jacobites by 1692, but he continued with campaigns abroad to wage war against France in the Netherlands. Whilst her husband was away, Mary administered the government of the realm with the advice of a nine-member Cabinet Council. She was not keen to assume power and felt "deprived of all that was dear to me in the person of my husband, left among those that were perfect strangers to me: my sister of a humour so reserved that I could have little comfort from her." Anne had quarrelled with William and Mary over money, and the relationship between the two sisters had soured.
720:âin June 1688, for the son would, unlike Mary and Anne, be raised a Roman Catholic. Some charged that the boy was "supposititious", having been secretly smuggled into the Queen's room in a bed-warming pan as a substitute for her stillborn baby. Others thought the father was someone other than James, who was rumoured to be impotent. Seeking information, Mary sent a pointed list of questions to her sister, Anne, regarding the circumstances of the birth. Anne's reply, and continued gossip, seemed to confirm Mary's suspicions that the child was not her natural brother, and that her father was conspiring to secure a Catholic succession.
751:
55:
1243:
3386:
823:âwhich was much more divided than the English Parliamentâfinally declared that James was no longer King of Scotland, that "no Papist can be King or Queen of this Realm", that William and Mary would be joint sovereigns, and that William would exercise sole and full power. The following day, they were proclaimed king and queen in Edinburgh. They took the Scottish coronation oath in London on 11 May. Even after the declaration, there was still substantial support for James from the
1252:
289:
739:
Having been turned back by storms in
October, William and the Dutch army finally landed in England on 5 November 1688, without Mary, who stayed behind in the Netherlands. The disaffected English Army and Navy went over to William, and on 11 December the defeated King James attempted to flee, but was intercepted. A second attempt at flight, on 23 December, was successful; William deliberately allowed James to escape to France, where he lived in exile until his death.
693:
964:, the Countess of Derby. Several days into the course of her illness, the smallpox lesions reportedly disappeared, leaving her skin smooth and unmarked, and Mary said that she felt improved. Her attendants initially hoped she had been ill with measles rather than smallpox, and that she was recovering. But the rash had "turned inward", a sign that Mary was suffering from a usually fatal form of smallpox, and her condition quickly deteriorated. Mary died at
912:
opportunity to berate Anne for her friendship with Sarah. The sisters never saw each other again. Marlborough was arrested and imprisoned, but then released after his accuser was revealed to be an impostor. Mary recorded in her journal that the breach between the sisters was a punishment from God for the "irregularity" of the
Revolution. She was extremely devout, and attended prayers at least twice a day.
616:
678:, the daughter of her childhood governess Frances Villiers. Acting on the information, Mary waited outside Villiers's room and caught her husband leaving it late at night. William denied adultery, and Mary apparently believed and forgave him. Possibly, Villiers and William were not meeting as lovers but to exchange diplomatic intelligence. Mary's staff was dismissed and sent back to Britain.
1021:
462:
541:
527:, thus allying his realms with Catholic France and strengthening the odds of an eventual Catholic successor in Britainâbut later, under pressure from Parliament and with a coalition with the Catholic French no longer politically favourable, he approved the proposed union. The Duke of York agreed to the marriage, after pressure from chief minister
603:, lived in the Netherlands, where he was hosted by William and Mary. Monmouth was viewed as a rival to the Duke of York, and as a potential Protestant heir who could supplant the Duke in the line of succession. William, however, did not consider him a viable alternative and correctly assumed that Monmouth had insufficient support.
884:
to
Protestant subjects, unduly interfere with parliamentary elections, punish members of either House of Parliament for anything said during debates, require excessive bail, or inflict cruel or unusual punishments. The Bill of Rights also confirmed the succession to the throne. Following the death of
895:
When her husband was away, Mary acted on her own if his advice was not available; whilst he was in
England, Mary completely refrained from interfering in political matters, as had been agreed in the Declaration and Bill of Rights, and as she preferred. However, she proved a firm ruler, ordering the
1078:
Mary was depicted by
Jacobites as an unfaithful daughter who destroyed her father for her own and her husband's gain. In the early years of their reign, she was often seen as completely under the spell of her husband, but after she had temporarily governed alone during his absences abroad, she was
587:
Mary's animated and personable nature made her popular with the Dutch people, and her marriage to a
Protestant prince was popular in Britain. She was devoted to her husband, but he was often away on campaigns, which led to Mary's family supposing him to be cold and neglectful. Within months of the
1106:
A week before her death, Mary went through her papers, weeding out some, which were burnt, but her journal survives, as do her letters to
William and to Frances Apsley. The Jacobites lambasted her, but the assessment of her character that came down to posterity was largely the vision of Mary as a
742:
Mary was upset by the circumstances surrounding the deposition of her father, and was torn between concern for him and duty to her husband, but was convinced that her husband's actions, however unpleasant, were necessary to "save the Church and State". When Mary travelled to
England after the New
885:
either
William III or Mary II, the other was to continue to reign. Next in the line of succession would be any children of the couple, to be followed by Mary's sister Anne and her children. Last in the line of succession stood any children William III might have had from any subsequent marriage.
769:
held that Mary should be sole monarch, as the rightful hereditary heir, while
William and his supporters were adamant that a husband could not be subject to his wife. William wished to reign as a king, rather than function as a mere consort of a queen. For her part, Mary did not wish to be queen
738:
William agreed to invade and issued a declaration which referred to James's newborn son as the "pretended Prince of Wales". He also gave a list of grievances of the English people and stated that his proposed expedition was for the sole purpose of having "a free and lawful Parliament assembled".
735:, Mary convinced her husband that she did not care for political power, and told him "she would be no more but his wife, and that she would do all that lay in her power to make him king for life". She would, she assured him, always obey her husband as she had promised to do in her marriage vows.
911:
Mary fell ill with a fever in April 1692, and missed Sunday church service for the first time in 12 years. She also failed to visit Anne, who was suffering a difficult labour. After Mary's recovery and the death of Anne's baby soon after it was born, Mary did visit her sister, but chose the
631:
Upon the death of Charles II without legitimate issue in February 1685, the Duke of York became king as James II in England and Ireland and James VII in Scotland. Mary was playing cards when her husband informed her of her father's accession, with the knowledge that she was
971:
William, who had grown increasingly to rely on Mary, was devastated by her death, and told Burnet that "from being the happiest" he was "now going to be the miserablest creature on earth". While the Jacobites considered her death divine retribution for breaking the
743:
Year, she wrote of her "secret joy" at returning to her homeland, "but that was soon checked with the consideration of my father's misfortunes". William ordered her to appear cheerful on their triumphant arrival in London. As a result, she was criticised by
643:, William informed James of the Duke's departure, and ordered English regiments in the Low Countries to return to Britain. To William's relief, Monmouth was defeated, captured and executed, but both he and Mary were dismayed by James's subsequent actions.
960:. She sent away anyone who had not previously had the disease, to prevent the spread of infection. Anne, who was once again pregnant, sent Mary a letter saying she would run any risk to see her sister again, but the offer was declined by Mary's
777:, in which it deemed that James, by attempting to flee on 11 December 1688, had abdicated the government of the realm, and that the Throne had thereby become vacant. Parliament offered the Crown not to James's son, who would have been the
839:
on 27 July. The huge losses suffered by Dundee's troops, however, coupled with his fatal wounding, served to remove the only effective resistance to William and the uprising was quickly crushed, suffering a resounding defeat by Scottish
606:
While the pair started out somewhat distant, they became quite close and trusting of each other over the course of their marriage. Their mutual fervour for Protestantism additionally helped bind them together.
531:
and the King, who incorrectly assumed that it would improve James's popularity among Protestants. When James told Mary that she was to marry her cousin, "she wept all that afternoon and all the following day".
489:. Mary's education, from private tutors, was largely restricted to music, dance, drawing, French, and religious instruction. Her mother died in 1671, and her father remarried in 1673, taking as his second wife
3534:
523:, and thus fourth in the line of succession after James, Mary, and Anne. At first, Charles opposed the alliance with the Dutch rulerâhe preferred that Mary wed the heir to the French throne, the
904:, was dismissed on similar charges; the dismissal somewhat diminished her popularity and further harmed her relationship with her sister Anne (who was strongly influenced by Churchill's wife,
477:
in 1668 or 1669 and the Duchess about eight years earlier, but Mary and Anne were brought up as Anglicans, pursuant to the command of Charles II. They were moved to their own establishment at
394:â when he was in England. She did, however, act alone when William was engaged in military campaigns abroad, proving herself to be a powerful, firm, and effective ruler. Mary's death from
4304:
4880:
1307:
3527:
704:
Disgruntled Protestant politicians and noblemen were in contact with Mary's husband as early as 1686. After James took the step of forcing Anglican clergymen to read the
908:). Anne appeared at court with Sarah, obviously supporting the disgraced Churchill, which led to Mary angrily demanding that Anne dismiss Sarah and vacate her lodgings.
5083:
816:, refused to recognise the validity of James II's removal. Neither William nor Mary enjoyed the ceremony; she thought it "all vanity" and William called it "Popish".
731:
with Maryâto come to England with an army to depose James. William may have been jealous of his wife's position as the heiress to the English Crown, but according to
654:
by suspending acts of Parliament by royal decree was not well received. Mary considered such action illegal, and her chaplain expressed this view in a letter to the
4973:
3520:
770:
regnant, believing that women should defer to their husbands, and "knowing my heart is not made for a kingdom and my inclination leads me to a retired quiet life".
504:. Mary signed herself 'Mary Clorine'; Apsley was 'Aurelia'. In time, Frances Apsley became uncomfortable with the correspondence, and replied more formally.
5063:
458:
died very young, and Charles II had no legitimate children. Consequently, for most of her childhood, Mary was second in line to the throne after her father.
4961:
4943:
4297:
2574:
1651:
520:
1107:
dutiful, submissive wife, who assumed power reluctantly, exercised it with considerable ability when necessary, and willingly deferred it to her husband.
876:; it declared, among other things, that the Sovereign could not suspend laws passed by Parliament, levy taxes without parliamentary consent, infringe the
5123:
2129:
William did not trust her entourage unconditionally. He took the precaution of appointing as her personal secretary his illegitimate elder half-brother,
856:
781:
under normal circumstances, but to William and Mary as joint sovereigns. The only precedent for a joint monarchy dated from the sixteenth century: when
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1300:
1048:
1015:
82:
5118:
5108:
317:
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905:
901:
744:
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956:, and it appeared likely she would outlive her husband and sister, both of whom suffered from ill-health. In late 1694, however, she contracted
5023:
4290:
888:
From 1690 onwards, William was often absent from England on campaign, each year generally from the spring until the autumn. In 1690, he fought
2133:, whom he trusted implicitly. D'Alonne was among other things instrumental in preventing a plot to abduct Mary, in which her private chaplain
5113:
3337:
3292:
3270:
592:, she suffered a miscarriage, which may have permanently impaired her ability to have children. Further bouts of illness, that may have been
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674:
refugees there. In an attempt to damage William, James encouraged his daughter's staff to inform her that William was having an affair with
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1293:
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to publicly establish the consummation of the marriage was attended by the royal family, with her uncle the King himself drawing the
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3248:
1838:
897:
765:
summoned by the Prince of Orange assembled, and much discussion relating to the appropriate course of action ensued. A party led by
99:
915:
Many of Mary's proclamations focus on combating licentiousness, insobriety and vice. She often participated in the affairs of the
5103:
4889:
2872:
1151:
recognised them as sovereignsâthe royal couple used the style "William and Mary, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of England,
705:
352:
872:. This measureâwhich restated and confirmed many provisions of the earlier Declaration of Rightâestablished restrictions on the
596:, occurred in mid-1678, early 1679, and early 1680. Her childlessness would be the greatest source of unhappiness in her life.
348:
5128:
3408:
1203:
3362:
398:
in 1694 at the age of 32 left William as sole ruler until his death in 1702, when he was succeeded by Mary's sister, Anne.
5098:
5078:
1512:
600:
288:
165:
2791:
5093:
5073:
4955:
4826:
4194:
4157:
1883:
1152:
948:
Mary was tall (5 foot 11 inches; 180 cm) and apparently fit; she regularly walked between her palaces at
762:
455:
340:
5068:
4637:
3919:
1901:
1036:
985:
861:
4627:
4576:
3908:
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712:âfrom their churches in May 1688, his popularity plunged further. Alarm amongst Protestants increased when his wife,
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774:
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137:
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305:
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301:
69:
37:
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2384:"The Black Chamber in the Dutch Republic during the War of the Spanish Succession and it Aftermath, 1707â1715"
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3954:
3929:
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2818:"The Contemplator's Short History of "Bonnie Dundee" John Graham, Earl of Claverhouse, Viscount of Dundee"
2117:
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1040:
797:
667:
553:
411:
380:
215:
77:
320:
following her marriage on 4 November 1677. Her joint reign with William over Britain is known as that of
4806:
4776:
4756:
4677:
4617:
4607:
4597:
4138:
4048:
4028:
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2113:
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1263:
1215:
1191:
1164:
724:
516:
485:, with only occasional visits to see their parents at St James's or their grandfather Lord Clarendon at
482:
419:
328:
4581:
4571:
3857:
3843:
3595:
1251:
1103:, the Roman general who took on a great task when called to do so, but then willingly abandoned power.
662:, on her behalf. She was further dismayed when James refused to help when the Catholic king of France,
3377:
1242:
5018:
5013:
4919:
4801:
4791:
4781:
4771:
4751:
4740:
4728:
4652:
4456:
4116:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4016:
3934:
3791:
3746:
3736:
3730:
3719:
3713:
3663:
3371:
2270:
1469:
1096:
1064:
993:
930:
717:
524:
447:
407:
372:
171:
4811:
4766:
4697:
4143:
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4038:
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3771:
3761:
3741:
3707:
3497:
3489:
3456:
1912:
1669:
1148:
1056:
927:
869:
820:
687:
647:
639:
When Charles's illegitimate son the Duke of Monmouth assembled an invasion force at Amsterdam, and
577:
427:
376:
332:
309:
257:
122:
112:
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4816:
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4401:
4180:
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3302:
3192:
3093:
2406:
2383:
1865:
1315:
The British monarchs of the House of Stuart, their relations, and the transition to the Hanovers
1140:
961:
881:
832:
786:
675:
640:
431:
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496:
From about the age of nine until her marriage, Mary wrote passionate letters to an older girl,
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3626:
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3333:
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965:
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916:
877:
873:
845:
801:
651:
474:
201:
187:
73:
2245:
2146:
Genetic testing of James Francis Edward's descendants has since shown he was indeed a Stuart.
390:. Mary mostly deferred to her husband â a renowned military leader and principal opponent of
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4707:
4566:
4501:
4131:
4121:
4011:
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1183:
1168:
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659:
633:
557:
501:
364:
4907:
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4126:
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3258:
1460:
1187:
1029:
755:
478:
466:
356:
247:
60:
3512:
976:("honour thy father"), she was widely mourned in Britain. During a cold winter, in which
3385:
3187:
2756:
588:
marriage Mary was pregnant; however, on a visit to her husband at the fortified city of
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4341:
4224:
4111:
4068:
4022:
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1687:
1348:
1144:
1131:
The joint style of William III and Mary II was "William and Mary, by the Grace of God,
937:
923:
732:
728:
713:
619:
Mary's father, James II and VII, was the last Catholic monarch in Britain. Portrait by
497:
490:
410:
in London on 30 April 1662, was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York (the future
368:
54:
572:
was inaccessible because of ice, and they were forced to land at the small village of
5002:
4351:
2563:
2410:
1175:
1172:
997:
992:. Her funeral service was the first of any royal attended by all the members of both
778:
387:
438:, served for a lengthy period as Charles's chief advisor. She was baptised into the
4734:
4411:
4249:
4006:
1262:
Coat of arms on expeditionary banner of William and Mary, 1688, showing their arms
1025:
981:
919:âall matters of ecclesiastical patronage passed through her hands. On the death of
900:, for plotting to restore James II to the throne. In January 1692, the influential
782:
697:
561:
443:
31:
4511:
3601:
615:
454:. Although her mother bore eight children, all except Mary and her younger sister
880:, raise a standing army during peacetime without parliamentary consent, deny the
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4282:
4254:
4239:
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1100:
1044:
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565:
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277:
1020:
576:, and walk through the frosty countryside until met by coaches to take them to
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1080:
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889:
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486:
461:
360:
3392:
The Correspondence of Mary II Stuart, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
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17:
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4451:
4416:
4376:
4356:
4244:
4214:
3801:
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1660:
949:
723:
On 30 June, seven notable English nobles, later called "the Immortal Seven"
709:
663:
581:
569:
415:
391:
336:
267:
4622:
3902:
1147:, etc." when they ascended the English throne. From 11 April 1689âwhen the
2137:
was involved. D'Alonne would remain her private secretary until her death.
540:
4516:
4481:
4476:
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4391:
4371:
4361:
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4234:
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1199:
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813:
671:
439:
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344:
2578:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 816.
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shortly after midnight on the morning of 28 December, at the age of 32.
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4331:
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1124:
4 November 1677 â 13 February 1689: Her Highness The Princess of Orange
1060:
552:
William and a tearful Mary were married in St James's Palace by Bishop
512:
242:
3092:. The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. Archived from
2567:
507:
At the age of 15, Mary became betrothed to her cousin, the Protestant
4662:
4612:
3944:
3892:
3616:
3611:
3401:
3395:
1207:
800:(one of the "Immortal Seven"), crowned William and Mary together at
568:
later that month, after a delay of two weeks caused by bad weather.
375:(later known as "the Old Pretender"), led to his deposition in the
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4526:
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1179:
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855:
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646:
James had a controversial religious policy; his attempt to grant
331:. She was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York (the future
3648:
351:. Charles lacked legitimate children, making Mary second in the
4862:
4286:
3516:
1270:
Coat of arms of William and Mary as joint sovereigns of England
933:
to the vacancy, but William overruled her and the post went to
2706:"King James' Parliament: The succession of William and Mary".
708:âthe proclamation granting religious liberty to Catholics and
564:. Mary accompanied her husband on a rough sea crossing to the
2712:. Vol. 2. British History Online. 1742. pp. 255â277
2887:
edited by R. Doebner (1886), quoted in Van der Kiste, p. 138
1250:
1241:
1232:
1275:
Coat of arms of William and Mary used in Scotland from 1691
1121:
30 April 1662 â 4 November 1677: Her Highness The Lady Mary
1091:. Her modesty and diffidence were praised in works such as
1127:
13 February 1689 â 28 December 1694: Her Majesty The Queen
827:
in all three kingdoms, particularly in parts of Scotland.
363:. Charles died in 1685 and James became king, making Mary
747:
among others, for appearing cold to her father's plight.
347:
at the behest of Charles II, although their parents both
27:
Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1694
3030:
3028:
2687:
Mary, quoted in Van der Kiste, p. 114 and Waller, p. 273
2642:
Mary, quoted by Van der Kiste, p. 113 and Waller, p. 271
773:
On 13 February 1689, the English Parliament passed the
2505:
Keates pp. 26â28; Van der Kiste, p. 82; Waller, p. 264
493:, a Catholic who was only four years older than Mary.
300:(30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was
1155:, France and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, etc.".
3330:
Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England
2792:"John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st viscount of Dundee"
1059:. She is credited with influencing garden design at
808:
performs coronations, but the incumbent archbishop,
4555:
4320:
2709:
The History and Proceedings of the House of Commons
283:
273:
263:
253:
241:
209:
194:
178:
158:
154:
143:
136:
128:
118:
108:
98:
90:
68:
47:
3243:(2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press.
2247:The Policy of Charles II and James II. (1667â1687)
519:. William was the son of Charles II's late sister
316:, from 1689 until her death in 1694. She was also
3263:William III & Mary II: Partners in Revolution
2541:Van der Kiste, pp. 90, 94â95; Waller, pp. 268â269
371:and the birth of his son from a second marriage,
1163:The coat of arms used by William and Mary were:
1051:, and was instrumental in the foundation of the
1024:William and Mary depicted on the ceiling of the
446:at St James's, and was named after her ancestor
599:From May 1684, Charles II's illegitimate son,
580:. On 14 December, they made a formal entry to
450:. Her godparents included her father's cousin
4874:
4298:
3528:
1301:
8:
481:, where they were raised by their governess
327:Mary was born during the reign of her uncle
4095:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
2995:Van der Kiste, p. 164; Waller, pp. 281, 286
2905:Van der Kiste, p. 144; Waller, pp. 280, 284
1652:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
926:in December 1694, Mary was keen to appoint
4881:
4867:
4859:
4305:
4291:
4283:
4272:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
4171:
4087:
3565:
3560:
3535:
3521:
3513:
3416:
3384:
2651:Van der Kiste, p. 113; Waller, pp. 272â273
1308:
1294:
1286:
53:
44:
2633:Van der Kiste, p. 95; Waller, pp. 269â271
2309:Van der Kiste, p. 51; Waller, pp. 258â259
1049:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
1016:Cultural depictions of Mary II of England
2465:
2463:
2345:Van der Kiste, pp. 55â58; Waller, p. 261
2300:Van der Kiste, pp. 50â51; Waller, p. 259
2282:Van der Kiste, pp. 47â48; Waller, p. 258
868:In December 1689, Parliament passed the
5084:English pretenders to the French throne
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2164:
2105:
1055:, after the Anglo-Dutch victory at the
902:John Churchill, 1st Earl of Marlborough
819:On the same day, the Convention of the
231:
3225:Gregg, pp. xâxi; Somerset, pp. viiiâix
2836:
2834:
2798:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online. 2006
2763:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online. 2006
2558:
2556:
754:Mary's husband, William of Orange, by
3079:Van der Kiste, p. 186; Waller, p. 289
2729:
2727:
2678:Van der Kiste, p. 108; Waller, p. 273
2363:Van der Kiste, p. 162; Waller, p. 262
2073:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1920:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1898:
1882:
1880:
1864:
1846:
1844:
1837:
1797:
1785:
1765:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1686:
1668:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1632:
1588:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1530:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1417:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
7:
2588:Van der Kiste, p. 85; Waller, p. 266
2487:Van der Kiste, p. 81; Waller, p. 264
1079:portrayed as capable and confident.
1053:Royal Hospital for Seamen, Greenwich
469:, 1676, the year before her marriage
5064:Queens regnant in the British Isles
3285:Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion
2496:Van der Kiste p. 64; Waller, p. 264
1706:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
1003:Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary
2112:Mary II was declared queen by the
2044:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
1504:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
436:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
422:, who ruled the three kingdoms of
25:
5124:People of the Glorious Revolution
3382:National Portrait Gallery, London
2885:Memoirs of Mary, Queen of England
1839:James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
898:Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon
386:William and Mary became king and
3354:William II & III and Mary II
2873:Absence of King William Act 1689
1206:); III Azure a harp Or stringed
988:. On 5 March, she was buried at
835:and won a convincing victory at
804:on 11 April 1689. Normally, the
763:Convention Parliament of England
379:of 1688 and the adoption of the
312:, co-reigning with her husband,
287:
5119:Children of James II of England
5109:Deaths from smallpox in England
4950:Mary II of England and Scotland
3572:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
3365:at the official website of the
3356:at the official website of the
2116:on 13 February 1689 and by the
2082:
1929:
1891:
1873:
1855:
1677:
1641:
1477:
1356:
1111:Title, styles, honours and arms
227:
5029:17th-century Scottish monarchs
3569:Monarchs of England until 1603
3409:New International Encyclopedia
3209:Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
473:The Duke of York converted to
349:converted to Roman Catholicism
1:
5024:17th-century English monarchs
4314:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
3196:. 5 November 1677. p. 1.
2354:Van der Kiste, pp. 57, 58, 62
1513:Frederick V of the Palatinate
996:. For the ceremony, composer
601:James Scott, Duke of Monmouth
5114:Burials at Westminster Abbey
4956:Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel
434:; her maternal grandfather,
184:[NS: 7 January 1695]
5049:17th-century English people
5039:17th-century queens regnant
5034:17th-century Irish monarchs
4179:British monarchs after the
1902:James Francis Edward Stuart
1228:
1222:a lion rampant Or (for the
1202:flory-counter-flory Gules (
1167:, I and IV Grandquarterly,
1093:A Dialogue Concerning Women
1037:College of William and Mary
986:Banqueting House, Whitehall
500:, the daughter of courtier
182:28 December 1694 (aged 32)
5145:
5059:Queens regnant of Scotland
5044:17th-century English women
3378:Portraits of Queen Mary II
3207:Brewer, E. Cobham (1898).
3061:Van der Kiste, pp. 179â180
3004:Van der Kiste, pp. 163â164
2968:Van der Kiste, pp. 161â162
2923:Van der Kiste, pp. 159â160
2896:Van der Kiste, pp. 130â131
2624:Van der Kiste, pp. 105â107
2606:Van der Kiste, pp. 100â102
2273:, quoted in Waller, p. 257
1013:
685:
452:Prince Rupert of the Rhine
138:Princess consort of Orange
29:
5054:Queens regnant of England
4938:Amalia of Solms-Braunfels
4896:
4835:
4267:
4190:
4174:
4170:
4107:
4090:
4086:
3563:
3559:
3494:
3469:
3451:
3446:
3419:
3287:. London: HarperCollins.
2735:"William III and Mary II"
2403:10.1017/S0018246X98008292
2012:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1938:
1862:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1741:
1739:
1731:
1729:
1702:
1684:
1666:
1626:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1586:
1582:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1509:
1466:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1133:King and Queen of England
980:froze, her embalmed body
896:arrest of her own uncle,
706:Declaration of Indulgence
52:
3328:Waller, Maureen (2006).
3132:Waller, pp. 260, 285â286
2977:Quoted in Waller, p. 279
2550:Van der Kiste, pp. 93â94
2372:Van der Kiste, pp. 72â73
2260:Van der Kiste, pp. 44â45
1099:, which compared her to
1085:A Present for the Ladies
1069:blue and white porcelain
1067:, and with popularising
921:Archbishop of Canterbury
806:archbishop of Canterbury
725:secretly invited William
656:archbishop of Canterbury
556:on 4 November 1677. The
355:. At the age of 15, she
38:Mary II (disambiguation)
5104:People from Westminster
4980:Anna Pavlovna of Russia
3332:. London: John Murray.
3311:Stroud, Gloucestershire
2796:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2761:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2575:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2569:"Mary II., Queen"
1087:(1692) compared her to
584:in a grand procession.
414:), and his first wife,
412:King James II & VII
335:), and his first wife,
314:King William III and II
94:1689 â 28 December 1694
4322:Monarchs of the Picts
3367:Royal Collection Trust
3239:Gregg, Edward (2001).
3090:"Music for Queen Mary"
2391:The Historical Journal
2118:Parliament of Scotland
1255:
1246:
1237:
1224:House of Orange-Nassau
1145:Defenders of the Faith
1041:Williamsburg, Virginia
1032:
865:
860:William and Mary on a
844:the next month at the
831:raised an army in the
758:
716:, gave birth to a sonâ
701:
628:
621:Nicolas de LargilliĂšre
549:
470:
381:English Bill of Rights
367:. James's attempts at
339:. Mary and her sister
216:William III of England
174:, Westminster, England
36:. For other uses, see
5129:Female heirs apparent
4986:Sophie of WĂŒrttemberg
4974:Wilhelmine of Prussia
4968:Wilhelmina of Prussia
4557:Monarchs of the Scots
3313:: Sutton Publishing.
3213:Henry Altemus Company
3114:Van der Kiste, p. 187
3043:Van der Kiste, p. 179
3034:Van der Kiste, p. 177
3013:Van der Kiste, p. 176
2959:Van der Kiste, p. 162
2950:Van der Kiste, p. 161
2941:Van der Kiste, p. 155
2932:Van der Kiste, p. 160
2862:Van der Kiste, p. 138
2781:Van der Kiste, p. 118
2737:. The Royal Household
2615:Van der Kiste, p. 104
2382:Leeuw, K. de (1999).
2114:Parliament of England
2064:Henry Benedict Stuart
2056:"the Young Pretender"
2053:Charles Edward Stuart
1359: 1567/1603â1625
1254:
1245:
1236:
1065:Hampton Court Palaces
1043:) in 1693, supported
1023:
859:
753:
695:
618:
610:
543:
517:William III of Orange
483:Lady Frances Villiers
464:
359:William of Orange, a
5099:Countesses of Nassau
5079:Princesses of Orange
4962:Anne, Princess Royal
4944:Mary, Princess Royal
4920:Charlotte of Bourbon
4890:Princesses of Orange
4638:Constantine III (IV)
4603:Constantine II (III)
4149:William III & II
3714:Henry the Young King
3664:Edward the Confessor
3632:Ăthelred the Unready
3498:William III & II
3490:William III & II
2986:Waller, pp. 277, 282
2597:Van der Kiste, p. 98
2523:Van der Kiste, p. 92
2514:Van der Kiste, p. 86
2469:Van der Kiste, p. 91
2457:Van der Kiste, p. 79
2448:Van der Kiste, p. 78
2439:Van der Kiste, p. 76
2318:Van der Kiste, p. 52
2291:Van der Kiste, p. 48
2225:Van der Kiste, p. 34
2189:Van der Kiste, p. 32
2131:Abel Tassin d'Alonne
1039:(in the present day
994:Houses of Parliament
931:Edward Stillingfleet
775:Declaration of Right
718:James Francis Edward
521:Mary, Princess Royal
448:Mary, Queen of Scots
373:James Francis Edward
190:, Middlesex, England
132:William III & II
123:William III & II
5094:Protestant monarchs
5074:Scottish princesses
4932:ĂlĂ©onore de Bourbon
4668:Malcolm III Canmore
4097:Union of the Crowns
3457:Glorious Revolution
3303:Van der Kiste, John
3150:Waller, pp. 283â284
3141:Waller, pp. 277â279
3052:Waller, pp. 286-287
2669:Waller, pp. 274â275
2336:Waller, pp. 259â262
2327:Waller, pp. 257â259
2207:Waller, pp. 251â253
1913:Louisa Maria Stuart
1905:"the Old Pretender"
1149:Estates of Scotland
1071:and the keeping of
1057:Battle of La Hougue
928:Bishop of Worcester
821:Estates of Scotland
761:In January 1689, a
688:Glorious Revolution
682:Glorious Revolution
648:freedom of religion
578:Huis Honselaarsdijk
418:. Mary's uncle was
377:Glorious Revolution
333:James II of England
258:James II of England
5069:English princesses
4741:Second Interregnum
4708:William I the Lion
4577:Constantine I (II)
4567:Kenneth I MacAlpin
4181:Acts of Union 1707
4144:James II & VII
3837:Kenneth I MacAlpin
3622:Edgar the Peaceful
3465:James II & VII
3461:Title last held by
3193:The London Gazette
2757:"William Sancroft"
1283:Genealogical table
1256:
1247:
1238:
1047:, who founded the
1033:
962:groom of the stool
882:right to bear arms
866:
833:Scottish Highlands
759:
702:
676:Elizabeth Villiers
641:sailed for Britain
629:
550:
471:
357:married her cousin
353:line of succession
318:Princess of Orange
168:: 10 May 1662]
147:4 November 1677 â
30:For the ship, see
4996:
4995:
4926:Louise de Coligny
4856:
4855:
4729:First Interregnum
4280:
4279:
4263:
4262:
4166:
4165:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
3627:Edward the Martyr
3511:
3510:
3507:
3495:Succeeded by
3339:978-0-7195-6628-8
3294:978-0-00-720376-5
3272:978-0-141-97687-7
3096:on 8 October 2006
2269:Mary's chaplain,
2120:on 11 April 1689.
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
1697:Sophia of Hanover
1280:
1279:
1178:(for France) and
1116:Titles and styles
1089:Queen Elizabeth I
1035:Mary endowed the
990:Westminster Abbey
974:fifth commandment
966:Kensington Palace
935:Bishop of Lincoln
878:right to petition
874:royal prerogative
846:Battle of Dunkeld
802:Westminster Abbey
475:Roman Catholicism
408:St James's Palace
295:
294:
202:Westminster Abbey
188:Kensington Palace
172:St James's Palace
16:(Redirected from
5136:
4902:Anna of Lorraine
4883:
4876:
4869:
4860:
4849:
4840:also monarch of
4307:
4300:
4293:
4284:
4172:
4132:Richard Cromwell
4122:The Protectorate
4112:James I & VI
4088:
3669:Harold Godwinson
3589:Edward the Elder
3582:Alfred the Great
3566:
3561:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3501:
3472:Queen of England
3442:
3441:28 December 1694
3435:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3403:"Mary II."
3388:
3358:British monarchy
3343:
3324:
3307:William and Mary
3298:
3276:
3259:Keates, Jonathan
3254:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3211:. Philadelphia:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2842:"Bill of Rights"
2838:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2703:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2560:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2458:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2388:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2127:
2121:
2110:
2086:
2085: 1727â1760
2084:
1933:
1932: 1714â1727
1931:
1895:
1894: 1702â1714
1893:
1877:
1876: 1689â1694
1875:
1859:
1858: 1689â1702
1857:
1681:
1680: 1685â1688
1679:
1670:James II and VII
1645:
1644: 1660â1685
1643:
1481:
1480: 1625â1649
1479:
1360:
1358:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1229:
1198:within a double
1194:); II Or a lion
1184:passant guardant
1028:, Greenwich, by
862:five guinea coin
825:Nonjuring schism
810:William Sancroft
794:bishop of London
660:William Sancroft
634:heir presumptive
558:bedding ceremony
502:Sir Allen Apsley
365:heir presumptive
322:William and Mary
302:Queen of England
291:
235:
233:
229:
185:
169:
150:
149:28 December 1694
70:Queen of England
57:
45:
21:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5089:House of Stuart
4999:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4892:
4887:
4857:
4852:
4839:
4831:
4558:
4551:
4507:Constantine (I)
4387:Galam Cennalath
4323:
4316:
4311:
4281:
4276:
4259:
4186:
4162:
4127:Oliver Cromwell
4103:
4078:
4073:
3920:Constantine III
3829:
3654:Harold Harefoot
3644:Edmund Ironside
3555:
3550: and
3541:
3504:as sole monarch
3500:
3486:
3484:
3475:
3462:
3459:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3426:House of Stuart
3422:
3400:
3350:
3340:
3327:
3321:
3301:
3295:
3279:
3273:
3257:
3251:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
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2255:
2244:Pollock, John.
2243:
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1461:Henrietta Maria
1355:
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1314:
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1276:
1271:
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1161:
1118:
1113:
1030:James Thornhill
1018:
1012:
946:
854:
829:Viscount Dundee
787:Philip of Spain
756:Godfrey Kneller
745:Sarah Churchill
690:
684:
670:and persecuted
613:
538:
479:Richmond Palace
467:Caspar Netscher
404:
343:were raised as
329:King Charles II
237:
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86:
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61:Godfrey Kneller
41:
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4914:Anna of Saxony
4911:
4908:Anna of Egmont
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4066:
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4056:
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4036:
4031:
4026:
4023:Edward Balliol
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
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3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Constantine II
3880:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3811:
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3739:
3734:
3727:
3722:
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3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3675:Edgar Ătheling
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3634:
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3619:
3614:
3609:
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3557:
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3532:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3496:
3493:
3468:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3447:Regnal titles
3444:
3443:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3398:
3389:
3375:
3374:at BBC History
3369:
3360:
3349:
3348:External links
3346:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3325:
3319:
3299:
3293:
3281:Somerset, Anne
3277:
3271:
3265:. Allen Lane.
3255:
3249:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3218:
3215:. p. 891.
3199:
3179:
3177:Waller, p. 290
3170:
3168:Waller, p. 287
3161:
3159:Waller, p. 284
3152:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3123:Waller, p. 283
3116:
3107:
3081:
3072:
3070:Waller, p. 288
3063:
3054:
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3015:
3006:
2997:
2988:
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2925:
2916:
2914:Waller, p. 281
2907:
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2809:
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2660:Waller, p. 274
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2566:, ed. (1911).
2564:Chisholm, Hugh
2552:
2543:
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2525:
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2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2478:Waller, p. 265
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2234:Waller, p. 256
2227:
2218:
2216:Waller, p. 255
2209:
2200:
2198:Waller, p. 251
2191:
2182:
2180:Waller, p. 252
2173:
2171:Waller, p. 249
2163:
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2067:"Duke of York"
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1688:Mary of Modena
1685:
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1349:James VI and I
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1317:
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1305:
1298:
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1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1214:); overall an
1160:
1157:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1011:
1008:
945:
942:
938:Thomas Tenison
924:John Tillotson
870:Bill of Rights
853:
850:
812:, although an
733:Gilbert Burnet
729:Dutch Republic
714:Mary of Modena
686:Main article:
683:
680:
612:
609:
537:
534:
498:Frances Apsley
491:Mary of Modena
406:Mary, born at
403:
400:
369:rule by decree
293:
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285:
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162:30 April 1662
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26:
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10:
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4:
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2:
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4808:
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4803:
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4795:
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4785:
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4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
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4758:
4755:
4753:
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4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Alexander III
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
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4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4559:(traditional)
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
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4530:
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4393:
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4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Galan Erilich
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4324:(traditional)
4319:
4315:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:Alexander III
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:Constantine I
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
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3434:30 April 1662
3433:
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3326:
3322:
3320:0-7509-3048-9
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3250:0-300-09024-2
3246:
3242:
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3232:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3200:
3195:
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3183:
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3135:
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3067:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3022:Waller, p.285
3019:
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3001:
2998:
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2989:
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2911:
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2878:
2874:
2871:See also the
2868:
2865:
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2843:
2837:
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2810:
2797:
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2612:
2609:
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2600:
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2475:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2430:Keates, p. 34
2427:
2424:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
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2240:
2237:
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2201:
2195:
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2186:
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2143:
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2132:
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2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2099:
2090:
2087:
2076:
2065:
2054:
2045:
2017:
2014:
2006:
2005:
1988:
1980:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1923:
1914:
1903:
1896:
1885:
1878:
1867:
1860:
1849:
1840:
1836:
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1471:
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1235:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:fleurs-de-lis
1170:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1123:
1120:
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1110:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:William Walsh
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:Henry Purcell
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
943:
941:
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891:
886:
883:
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871:
863:
858:
851:
849:
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843:
838:
837:Killiecrankie
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Henry Compton
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
779:heir apparent
776:
771:
768:
764:
757:
752:
748:
746:
740:
736:
734:
730:
727:âthen in the
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
699:
694:
689:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
626:
622:
617:
611:James's reign
608:
604:
602:
597:
595:
591:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:Henry Compton
547:
542:
535:
533:
530:
526:
525:Dauphin Louis
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
442:faith in the
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
388:queen regnant
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
290:
286:
282:
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
256:
252:
249:
246:
244:
240:
217:
212:
208:
203:
197:
193:
189:
181:
177:
173:
167:
161:
157:
153:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:11 April 1689
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
56:
51:
46:
43:
39:
35:
34:
19:
18:Queen Mary II
4949:
4739:
4727:
4713:Alexander II
4412:Gartnait III
4271:
4250:Elizabeth II
4178:
4152:
4094:
4021:
3999:
3990:Alexander II
3907:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3817:
3806:
3729:
3712:
3700:
3673:
3636:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3503:
3502:
3487:
3470:
3463:
3452:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3407:
3329:
3306:
3284:
3262:
3240:
3221:
3208:
3202:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3100:18 September
3098:. Retrieved
3094:the original
3084:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3048:
3039:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2867:
2858:
2848:19 September
2846:. Retrieved
2823:20 September
2821:. Retrieved
2812:
2802:21 September
2800:. Retrieved
2795:
2786:
2777:
2767:21 September
2765:. Retrieved
2760:
2751:
2741:18 September
2739:. Retrieved
2716:19 September
2714:. Retrieved
2708:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2573:
2546:
2537:
2532:Keates p. 32
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2394:
2390:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2265:
2256:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2142:
2125:
2108:
2080:
1927:
1889:
1871:
1853:
1675:
1639:
1475:
1354:
1204:for Scotland
1182:three lions
1162:
1130:
1105:
1092:
1084:
1077:
1034:
1026:Painted Hall
1001:
982:lay in state
970:
947:
914:
910:
894:
887:
867:
818:
791:
783:Queen Mary I
772:
760:
741:
737:
722:
703:
698:Jan Verkolje
645:
638:
630:
624:
605:
598:
594:miscarriages
586:
551:
544:Portrait by
506:
495:
472:
465:Portrait by
444:Chapel Royal
405:
385:
326:
321:
297:
296:
198:5 March 1695
59:Portrait by
42:
33:Queen Mary 2
32:
5019:1694 deaths
5014:1662 births
4988:(1840â1849)
4982:(1816â1840)
4976:(1806â1815)
4970:(1767â1806)
4964:(1734â1751)
4958:(1709â1711)
4952:(1677â1694)
4946:(1647â1650)
4940:(1625â1647)
4934:(1606â1618)
4928:(1583â1584)
4922:(1575â1582)
4916:(1561â1571)
4910:(1551â1558)
4904:(1540â1544)
4693:Alexander I
4643:Kenneth III
4594:(uncertain)
4492:Talorgan II
4457:Nechtan III
4432:Gartnait IV
4397:Gartnait II
4255:Charles III
4240:Edward VIII
3970:Alexander I
3950:Malcolm III
3925:Kenneth III
3825:Elizabeth I
3787:Richard III
2271:Edward Lake
1848:William III
1212:for Ireland
1192:for England
1101:Cincinnatus
1045:Thomas Bray
842:Covenanters
566:Netherlands
562:bedcurtains
509:Stadtholder
278:Anglicanism
109:Predecessor
5003:Categories
4822:William II
4807:Charles II
4762:Robert III
4703:Malcolm IV
4683:Donald III
4673:Donald III
4648:Malcolm II
4633:Kenneth II
4542:Bridei VII
4497:Drest VIII
4442:Bridei III
4427:Talorgan I
4422:Talorc III
4402:Nechtan II
4367:Gartnait I
4230:Edward VII
4220:William IV
4210:George III
4139:Charles II
4034:Robert III
3980:Malcolm IV
3955:Donald III
3930:Malcolm II
3915:Kenneth II
3797:Henry VIII
3757:Richard II
3752:Edward III
3686:William II
3659:Harthacnut
3241:Queen Anne
3188:"No. 1249"
2397:(1): 148.
2154:References
2135:John Covel
1634:Charles II
1216:escutcheon
1095:(1691) by
1081:Nahum Tate
1014:See also:
978:the Thames
954:Kensington
767:Lord Danby
710:dissenters
666:, invaded
574:Ter Heijde
546:Peter Lely
529:Lord Danby
487:Twickenham
420:Charles II
402:Early life
361:Protestant
129:Co-monarch
100:Coronation
4812:James VII
4802:Charles I
4777:James III
4757:Robert II
4678:Duncan II
4608:Malcolm I
4598:Donald II
4537:Ciniod II
4532:Bridei VI
4512:Ăengus II
4462:Drest VII
4452:Bridei IV
4417:Bridei II
4377:Talorc II
4357:Drest III
4342:Nechtan I
4245:George VI
4215:George IV
4205:George II
4117:Charles I
4099:from 1603
4049:James III
4029:Robert II
3985:William I
3960:Duncan II
3888:Malcolm I
3878:Donald II
3802:Edward VI
3792:Henry VII
3777:Edward IV
3747:Edward II
3737:Henry III
3720:Richard I
3681:William I
3602:Ăthelstan
3485:1689â1694
2411:162387765
2159:Citations
2078:1683â1760
2075:George II
2069:1725â1807
2058:1720â1788
2047:1689â1700
1925:1660â1727
1916:1692â1712
1907:1688â1766
1887:1665â1714
1869:1662â1694
1851:1650â1702
1842:1649â1685
1709:1629â1698
1700:1630â1714
1691:1658â1718
1673:1633â1701
1664:1637â1671
1661:Anne Hyde
1655:1631â1660
1637:1630â1685
1516:1596â1632
1507:1596â1662
1473:1600â1649
1470:Charles I
1464:1609â1669
1352:1566â1625
1165:Quarterly
1075:as pets.
950:Whitehall
890:Jacobites
664:Louis XIV
652:Anglicans
582:The Hague
570:Rotterdam
416:Anne Hyde
392:Louis XIV
345:Anglicans
337:Anne Hyde
284:Signature
268:Anne Hyde
119:Successor
4797:James VI
4782:James IV
4772:James II
4752:David II
4747:Robert I
4723:Margaret
4653:Duncan I
4572:Donald I
4517:Drest IX
4487:AlpĂn II
4482:Ciniod I
4477:Bridei V
4472:Ăengus I
4437:Drest VI
4392:Bridei I
4372:Cailtram
4362:Drest IV
4347:Drest II
4337:Talorc I
4235:George V
4225:Victoria
4200:George I
4069:James VI
4054:James IV
4044:James II
4017:David II
4012:Robert I
4001:Margaret
3935:Duncan I
3844:Donald I
3782:Edward V
3772:Henry VI
3762:Henry IV
3742:Edward I
3708:Henry II
3607:Edmund I
3596:Ălfweard
3554:monarchs
3548:Scottish
3477:Scotland
3305:(2003).
3283:(2012).
3261:(2015).
2416:3 August
1922:George I
1220:billetty
1200:tressure
1153:Scotland
1073:goldfish
958:smallpox
814:Anglican
785:married
696:Mary by
672:Huguenot
536:Marriage
440:Anglican
428:Scotland
396:smallpox
306:Scotland
274:Religion
204:, London
113:James II
74:Scotland
5009:Mary II
4846:Ireland
4842:England
4817:Mary II
4787:James V
4767:James I
4698:David I
4658:Macbeth
4592:Eochaid
4547:Drest X
4467:AlpĂn I
4407:Cinioch
4382:Drest V
4332:Drest I
4153:Mary II
4059:James V
4039:James I
3975:David I
3940:Macbeth
3872:Eochaid
3767:Henry V
3702:Matilda
3696:Stephen
3691:Henry I
3552:British
3546:,
3544:English
3481:Ireland
3421:Mary II
3412:. 1905.
3380:at the
3372:Mary II
3363:Mary II
3233:Sources
1866:Mary II
1264:impaled
1196:rampant
1141:Ireland
1061:Het Loo
864:of 1692
650:to non-
513:Holland
432:Ireland
424:England
310:Ireland
298:Mary II
236:
224:
220:
83:more...
78:Ireland
48:Mary II
4663:Lulach
4628:AmlaĂb
4623:Cuilén
4613:Indulf
4502:Conall
4064:Mary I
3945:Lulach
3909:AmlaĂb
3903:Cuilén
3893:Indulf
3819:Philip
3814:Mary I
3617:Eadwig
3612:Eadred
3453:Vacant
3437:
3336:
3317:
3291:
3269:
3247:
2844:. 1689
2409:
1218:Azure
1208:Argent
1171:three
1137:France
1010:Legacy
1000:wrote
917:Church
700:, 1685
668:Orange
548:, 1677
308:, and
264:Mother
254:Father
248:Stuart
230:
210:Spouse
195:Burial
144:Tenure
76:, and
63:, 1690
4688:Edgar
4587:Giric
4527:Uurad
4447:Taran
3965:Edgar
3865:Giric
3731:Louis
3638:Sweyn
3488:with
3439:Died:
3432:Born:
2407:S2CID
2387:(PDF)
2100:Notes
1180:Gules
1169:Azure
944:Death
906:Sarah
852:Reign
627:1686.
590:Breda
243:House
234:)
226:(
222:
164:[
91:Reign
4844:and
4827:Anne
4792:Mary
4735:John
4522:Uuen
4195:Anne
4158:Anne
4151:and
4007:John
3816:and
3808:Jane
3725:John
3649:Cnut
3479:and
3396:EMLO
3334:ISBN
3315:ISBN
3289:ISBN
3267:ISBN
3245:ISBN
3102:2006
2850:2006
2825:2006
2804:2006
2769:2006
2743:2006
2718:2006
2418:2023
1884:Anne
1190:Or (
1188:pale
1159:Arms
1139:and
1063:and
952:and
792:The
456:Anne
430:and
341:Anne
232:1677
179:Died
159:Born
4618:Dub
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