3895:
4155:
576:
7487:
1686:
3812:). "Pelvic form four" shows several aspects that are convergent with the hip of sebecosuchians and thus could have supported a pillar-erect stance while limiting a sprawling gait. Stein and colleagues note that this derived state, primarily achieved by the more enclosed acetabulum and expanded iliac crest, would match the cursorial habits and terrestrial lifestyle often inferred based on the cranial material. However, until more material showing a clear relation between this pelvic form and
7482:
3943:, each likely occupying a different niche in their environment. Although it has been proposed that this assemblage could have been the result of the carcasses of these animals being transported to a single location, research suggests that this was not the fact and that all the animals did in fact inhabit a single locality at the time they were alive. In this case, it was probably due to their different specialisation that so many crocodilians were capable of coexisting with each other.
3823:, together with Megalania, could have been one of the dominant terrestrial predators of Pleistocene Australia, given the relative lack of large mammalian land predators compared to other continents. This had become a popular hypothesis during the later part of the 20th century, proposing that Australia's top predators primarily consisted of reptiles such as mekosuchines, giant varanids and madtsoiid snakes rather than marsupial predators, with Max Hecht arguing that animals such as
1291:, but it also does in the Texas Caves cranium assigned to the genus by Molnar. Willis and Mackness also discuss the matter, arguing that the fact that the contact between maxilla and jugal on the inner side of the skull sits before the eyes means the external suture must have been located even further to the front. A feature of the jugal consistently highlighted is that the lower (ventral) side of the jugal was covered in a distinct sculptured area similar to that seen in today's
6642:
1494:. An exception to this is posed by the fourth dentary tooth, which slides neatly into a marked notch located at the premaxillary-maxillary contact. Like in many other mekosuchines, there is a distinct size disparity among the teeth, some of which are noticeably larger than others. The teeth towards the front of the jaw tend to be much taller, but are short anteroposteriorly (from the front to the back), whereas the teeth further back are lower but longer horizontally.
1295:. Furthermore, the depth the maxilla still displays in this region indicates that the infraorbital bar, the region between the lower margin of the eyesockets and the bottom of the cranium, was much deeper than is typical. The postorbital bar, a bony peg behind the eyes that connects the jugal to the skull table, is noted to be much more vertical than in taxa with flattened skulls. This would suggest that the skull table would somewhat overhang the temporal region.
148:
861:
3740:
1408:, forming a partition located above the fenestrae and giving them a more rounded shape. By contrast, the fossae extend much further forward in modern Australasian crocodiles, giving their palatal fenestrae a more sharp ending. As the palatines contribute to this wall, it is described as a "folding of the palatine" by Dirk Megirian. Overall, the palatal fenestrae extend until the fifth or sixth maxillary alveoli in
126:
6647:
1697:
1624:
557:. The fossil specimen (AMF.57844) consisted of a partial rostrum, lacking the very tip of the snout and its teeth. This rostrum was noted for its unusual form, with a much deeper snout compared to extant crocodilians and toothsockets indicative of ziphodont teeth, a combination of traits previously unknown from Australia. Preliminary comparisons were made with modern
4179:, with the other river basins of eastern Australia following suit within the next eight thousand years. During this time the conditions fell below the levels seen today, marking a clear drop in rainfall and thus cutting off the water supply of the catchments. Though the hydroclimate returned to its former state sometime in the last 30.000 years, by then the
4110:, whether it was terrestrial or not, appears to have been closely linked to freshwater systems, in particular those surrounded by riparian woodland and vine forests, typically sharing this environment with a plethora of other crocodilians. This would match the circumstances of its extinction as well, as researchers have noted that the disappearance of
3906:
628:
619:
610:
601:
592:
583:
747:
653:. The Texas Cave crocodile, as it was referred to in later publications, consisted of a partial maxilla with some additional bone fragments that would be described in 1977 by Max Hecht and Michael Archer. Several further discoveries followed, many of which were eventually listed and briefly discussed once
4208:
was driven to extinction by the gradual drying of
Australia, destroying forest habitats and freshwater systems, is also supported by other publications on the matter. Sobbe, Price and Knezour for example describe the process of aridification as destroying the closed woodlands and vine scrublands that
4188:
species might have avoided by retreating to coastal waters. The same study also analyzed possible changes in vegetation and fire frequency, which also show increased aridification and the collapse of complex rainforests beginning around 50.000 years ago. Charcoal particles further indicate that fires
3835:
shift". They suggest that while the ecosystems of
Miocene Australia were dominated by marsupial predators first and foremost, Pliocene and Pleistocene environments seemingly favoured large-bodied reptilian hunters with fewer marsupial carnivores. However, the idea of a reptile-dominated Australia has
3692:
closely resembles planocraniids, a group of terrestrial
Eusuchians from the Paleogene of Europe. This group, which is known from much better material, is well established to have been one of the dominant terrestrial predators of their environment with several adaptations towards life on land that can
3675:
in cave deposits is assumed by him to be a strong indicator that the animal traveled over land before falling to its death, but at the same time Molnar highlights that even modern crocodilians will occasionally travel distances over land. Likewise the depositional environment does not give any clear
448:
is typically estimated to be around 3 m (10 ft) in length and to weigh around 200 kg (440 lb), though some remains from the
Pliocene could suggest an even greater size. However, these estimates are based on fragmentary specimens and dimensions of related genera as there have been
4170:
survived until the Late
Pleistocene, with records from that time including the isolated tooth of King Creek, dated to be around 122.000 years old, and the fossils recovered from the South Walker Creek site that have been dated to be around 40.000 years old. The fossil of the South Walker Creek site
3946:
The
Bullock Creek Locality is thought to have once been covered by riparian woodlands as noted by Murray and Vickers-Rich, who describe the paleoenvironment as possibly having been a dry vine forest surrounded by scrubs and more open woodlands that covered the area surrounding the floodplains. This
3118:
as a mekosuchine is generally accepted as consensus, some research has proposed an alternative placement outside of the clade. In 2021, Rio and
Mannion published a paper on the phylogeny of crocodilians utilizing a new dataset based purely on morphological traits, in contrast to the work of Lee and
1839:
was necessary because of the similarities in the snout when compared to other
Crocodylidae. However, at the time of Megirian's writing he was unaware of the work by Molnar, Willis and Scanlon, only briefly addressing the existence of Mekosuchinae in a note added later on. Willis doubled down on the
1477:
preserves four teeth in either premaxilla, though a fifth is possible, all of them situated in an alveolar process, with the last two showing the elongated form typical for this genus. However, the third to last toothsocket appears to have been almost circular in cross-section. A prominent pit lies
1070:, though sometimes the amount of serrations on the teeth or the age of the fossils give hints at what taxon they could have belonged to. Additional fossil specimens not assigned to any of the four species include a partial maxilla including two teeth (QM F10771) found at the Glen Garland Station in
827:
gained more attention, with repeated debate on its role in
Australia's prehistoric ecosystems and whether or not it was terrestrial. Among the more notable later finds was the discovery of a ziphodont tooth in the Late Pleistocene King Creek catchment of the eastern Darling Downs, an otherwise well
1672:
fragment of a lower jaw that could suggest an individual between 6โ7 m (20โ23 ft) meters long. However, information on this specimen is sparse, as it is not only fragmentary but only discussed in a singular abstract before being mentioned by Molnar in his 2004 book "Dragons in the Dust".
1671:
meanwhile is thought to have measured less than half that length, with Wroe providing an estimate of less than 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) following personal communication with Willis. There is one single bone fragment that could suggest a greater size, with
Salisbury and Molnar mentioning a
3680:
remains show a mix of terrestrial and semi-aquatic fauna, as is the case for the deposits that yielded the fossil remains of unambiguously terrestrial crocodylomorphs elsewhere in the world. The same issue is later also acknowledged by Busbey in 1986 and by Willis and Mackness in 1996, with both
1662:
is estimated to have reached a body length of approximately 3 m (9.8 ft) by both Flannery and Webb, who further calculate a body mass of over 200 kg (440 lb). However, Wroe notes that neither researcher specifies if said estimates are the maximum length or averages while also
956:
consisting of a partial snout and the antorbital region of what was likely the same specimen, both collected from the so called "Blast Site". The same locality also yielded additional maxillary fragments, teeth and lower jaw fossils, with more fragmentary material also being collected from other
4146:
greatly. Remains of this genus are found before and after the proposed late Miocene extinctions, which has been taken as potential evidence for its ecology differing significantly from the taxa that went extinct. However, conditions continued to deteriorate until the Pleistocene, this time also
3714:
went after larger prey than is typical for crocodilians. However, they are not an indicator for whether or not prey would be acquired in water or on land or whether the prey itself was terrestrial. Subsequently, Molnar highlights that it is just as possible that the teeth may have been used for
516:
s disappearance are unknown, but it is hypothesized that another period of intense aridification gradually dried up the river basins and destroyed the forests that the crocodilian inhabited, leading it to go extinct alongside much of Australia's megafauna. Humans, which arrived on the continent
3876:
Ultimately, a terrestrial lifestyle has been favored by the majority of researchers, even if they generally acknowledge and highlight the limited information that can be extrapolated from skull material alone. Though more distantly related mekosuchines show that the group may have had improved
3709:
standing out as having a much wider head. How exactly this would influence its ecology is however also unknown. Similarly, the precise use of its ziphodont teeth, also shared by planocraniids and the older sebecosuchians, remains an issue with no clear answer. Molnar argues that the lateral
1383:, the area where they contact the maxilla indicates that this species lacked the elongated anterior process that the palatines form in many other crocodiles like the saltwater crocodile. Instead of extending beyond the fenestrae and forming a large, lobate structure, the palatines in
4209:
previously covered the landscape and leading to an expansion of open grasslands, which were oftentimes subject to prolonged periods without rain. They argue that this progress may have begun as early as the beginning of the Pleistocene, with the team noting a marked decline in
700:
specifically. In this early work, Molnar sets up several discussions regarding this taxon that would receive a lot of focus later on, in particular its relationship to other crocodilians and its ecology. Based on its unique cranial anatomy, Molnar cautiously proposed that that
3779:
an improved ability to perform the so-called "highwalk", other parts of the skeleton do show that it was still a semi-aquatic animal. Another study dealing with the postcranial anatomy of mekosuchines was published by Stein and colleagues in 2017, specifically examining the
472:
to be terrestrial, commonly comparing the anatomy of the crocodilian to other, more definitively terrestrial crocodylomorphs from the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic. The discovery of pelvic bones that belonged to a crocodilian with a pillar-erect stance in the same strata as
1227:, unlike those of sebecosuchians, still closely resemble those of modern crocodilians in that they share a singular opening that is directed anterodorsally (towards the front and up) rather than fully to the sides. However, there are still differences, namely that in
507:
is predominantly found in sediments preserving various types of woodland in proximity to bodies of water such as ponds, streams and billabongs. Though successfully surviving a drastic arid period that marked the transition from the Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene,
3735:
to actively chase after its prey rather than having to ambush it as modern crocodiles tend to do, while Murray and Vickers-Rich propose that it could have still been an ambush predator, but doing so by waiting for prey near game trails rather than the shoreline.
1065:
A big issue with much of this material is how fragmentary it is. With these finds often being isolated bones or even just incomplete teeth, the lack of overlap and distinguishing features means that most of them cannot be assigned to any particular species of
1133:
in northern Queensland. This specimen could represent a rare limb element, but it is just as possible that it belonged to a different type of crocodilian altogether. Mackness and Sutton, who described the material, tentatively argue that it did not belong to
1403:
was also shown to be short. In this way they more closely resemble the palatines of dwarf crocodiles and false gharials, although in the former the bones still take on a lobate form. The front of the palatal fenestrae coincide with the anterior wall of the
1195:
as being broader than that of members of the aforementioned groups, yet also distinctly deeper (higher) than those of any modern crocodilians with a distinct trapezoid cross-section. The specific proportions did however vary among species of this genus, as
1490:, reception pits for the teeth of the lower jaw are located medially relative to the teeth of the premaxilla and maxilla, indicating that this animal had an overbite that clearly sets it apart from the interlocking teeth of modern crocodiles and the older
1247:. The premaxillae form a small peg that inserts itself between the maxillae and the nasal bones. The nasals themselves are similar to those of other mekosuchines, being paired, parallel elements with tapering ends. The nasals enter the nares and, based on
489:
filled in the ecosystems of Late Pleistocene Australia has also been a matter of debate, with older literature in particular often claiming that the continent was dominated by reptilian predators. Opponents of this hypothesis meanwhile highlight how
1259:
its altirostral (deep) appearance. Towards the front they incline at a 60ยฐ angle, whereas further towards the back the skull becomes wider and the maxillae only incline at an angle of 45ยฐ. The surface of the maxillae is only slightly sculptured.
3759:
traits of the body, which in the case of planocraniids include hooflike toes and a tail with a round cross-section, rather than the flattened paddle-like tail seen in semi-aquatic crocodilians. While no postcranial remains reliably assigned to
1509:. Ziphodont teeth are characterized by two things, lateral compression that gives them a blade-like appearance and a series of serrations. Though several other mekosuchines do have laterally flattened teeth and some minor crenulations, such as
1594:
are known to have had four to five premaxillary teeth and a further 12 in either maxilla. However, as the skulls of both are incomplete, it cannot be ruled out that they also had a 13th maxillary tooth. Initially, this notion was rejected for
1306:
also feature a distinct crest located across the maxilla and sometimes premaxilla. The skull of Quinkana fortirostrum has a rounded crest which extends along both bones, whereas in Q. timara the crest was restricted entirely to the former.
1093:
Sometimes the material also differs significantly enough to suggest the presence of as of yet unnamed species or even entirely new genera. For example, in 1997 Paul Willis mentioned a ziphodont crocodilian from the Ongeva Local Fauna of the
1327:, but can also be observed in the older species, if not as pronounced as in the Pleistocene form. Megirian hypothesizes that age could be a factor in this, with the features changing as the individual grows older. Similar to the ridges,
3670:
has long been a matter of debate as far back as the type description by Molnar, who lists several points in favour of terrestrial habits while also highlighting potential counterarguments. For instance, the discovery of the holotype of
427:
teeth, meaning they were recurved, serrated and possessed flattened sides that gave them a blade-like shape. However, technically such teeth are only known from two species, as the basalmost form lacked serrations while the holotype of
726:
was named by paleontologist Dirk Megirian as a second species within the genus, although the timing of events meant that he could not properly address the newly erected Mekosuchinae in the main text of his publication. The holotype of
5227:
Yates, A.M.; Ristevski, J.; Salisbury, S.W. (2023). "The last Baru (Crocodylia, Mekosuchinae): a new species of 'cleaver-headed crocodile' from central Australia and the turnover of crocodylians during the Late Miocene in Australia".
1335:
The bottom of the maxilla is slightly convex and does not display the same pattern of wave-like rises and drops (known as festooning) that is seen in many other crocodilians. The lack of vertical festooning is especially prominent in
4183:
had been altered beyond the point that the former freshwater systems could form again. The abrupt drying would have led to the local extinction of the crocodilians within the various inland basins, something that modern species of
1142:
2017, who describe pelvic material from the Golden Steph Site and Price is Right Site of the Riversleigh WHA. Though much like with the metatarsal there is no associated skull material to confirm the fossils actually belonged to
1110:, although said teeth have never been described or figured in detail. Another notable discovery is the "Floraville taxon", which according to Jorgo Ristevski and colleagues could represent a second ziphodont genus in addition to
3868:
may have retreated into the water for protection or thermoregulation or even reproduction. Though sceptical of the hypothesized terrestrial habits, Wroe in particular argues that even if more land-based than other crocodilians,
1251:, do not form an internarial bridge that would divide the nares. Looking at them in profile view, the nasals are slightly arched and heavily sculpted, but located entirely on the dorsal surface of the skull. This differentiates
1546:
had finely serrated teeth, with Megirian observing around seven to ten serrations per millimeter, twice as many as are recorded for the indeterminate Pleistocene form from Croydon. The amount of serrations remains unknown in
4126:. It has been suggested that these extinctions were the result of a short but severe burst or aridity that greatly affected the freshwater ecosystems of interior Australia. While this is thought to have prompted a major
3774:
suggest that it was able to swing its legs with much greater force and that the anatomy of various elements gave it increased stability, greater speed and an increased stride length. While some of these adaptations give
3764:
are known, meaning that no such adaptations can be observed directly, there are other mekosuchines and undetermined remains that could suggest improved terrestrial locomotion relative to modern crocodilians. The Eocene
4197:, which is most evident in the fact that the extinction of Australia's megafauna runs in the opposite direction of what would be expected should humans have been the primary driver. According to Rio and Mannion (2021)
1331:
has a highly distinct antorbital shelf, a flattened region located just before the eyes on the dorsal surface of the cranium. This shelf is proportionally larger in Quinkana timara when compared to the other species.
5300:
Stein, M.; Salisbury, S. W.; Hand, S. J.; Archer, M.; Godthelp, H. (2012). "Humeral morphology of the early Eocene mekosuchine crocodylian Kambara from the Tingamarra Local Fauna southeastern Queensland, Australia".
3119:
Yates which unified various different fields for their phylogenies. While the majority of Mekosuchinae remains intact, this resulted in some taxa as being recovered much closer to today's crocodiles. In addition to
1639:
is a matter of debate, but generally hard to determine both due to the absence of significant postcranial remains and the fragmentary nature of most known material. Willis and Mackness suggest that the holotype of
3852:
are an artifact of preservation and that dwarf caimans are capable of raising their heads as has been inferred for certain mekosuchines. However, not all of Wroe's counterarguments hold up. Crocodilian specialist
3769:
for example represents not only the oldest, but also one of the basalmost and most complete mekosuchines currently known, being among the few with studied postcranial remains. Examinations of the limb bones of
1158:
is best distinguished from other mekosuchines by the proportions of its snout and its highly specialised dentition, both of which are oftentimes cited as evidence for a more terrestrial lifestyle. The snout of
1614:
The dentary teeth are poorly understood given the general lack of lower jaw material, but what little is known shows the same overall pattern as those of the upper jaw, with elongated and compressed alveoli.
4171:
were given particular attention by Hocknull and colleagues in 2020, who studied the locality in an attempt to better understand the extinction of Megafauna in eastern Australia (then part of the continent
3861:, with members of said group still being considered to have been largely terrestrial. Naturally Wroe's writings also do not account for later discoveries regarding the pelvic adaptations of mekosuchines.
1663:
arguing that the weight appears to have been an overestimate based on the mass of saltwater crocodiles of equal length. Regardless, 3 meters is still considered to be a reasonable estimate for the larger
5345:
1798:
However, around the late 80s and early 90s researchers began to discover more and more fossil crocodilians from Australia, slowly beginning to recognize various shared features among them. The subfamily
1239:
gives them more exposure towards the side of the skull than in today's crocodilians. The nares are further surrounded by a ring of bone, referred to as the narial rim, that is only weakly developed in
5512:
5088:"A review of terrestrial mammalian and reptilian carnivore ecology in Australian fossil faunas, and factors influencing their diversity: the myth of reptilian domination and its broader ramifications"
705:
could have been a terrestrial predator, though he himself acknowledged several counterarguments to this hypothesis. Based on the same information, he also tentatively suggested a relationship between
790:
was altered the most significantly by Willis and Mackness, removing features such as the prominent knobs before the eyes as they are not preserved in their taxon. The final species to be named was
688:
region. Molnar also assigned the Texas Cave crocodile to the genus, but was hesitant to make an identification on a species level given some slight differences that may or may not be the result of
1302:
is covered by a variety of highly distinct ridges, knobs and other protrusions. In addition to the narial rim surrounding the animal's nostrils and the highly sculpted nasal bone, some species of
4867:
Hocknull, Scott A.; Lewis, Richard; Arnold, Lee J.; Pietsch, Tim; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Price, Gilbert J.; Moss, Patrick; Wood, Rachel; Dosseto, Anthony; Louys, Julien; Olley, Jon (2020-05-18).
718:
Subsequent years saw a noticeable improvement in the scientific understanding of Australasian fossil crocodilians, with various species being described and finally being placed in the subfamily
798:
by Willis. It was described only a year later in 1997 on the basis of multiple maxillary fragments and a partial dentary alongside multiple other mekosuchines from the White Hunter Site of the
4122:
In continental Australia, mekosuchines experienced two major waves of extinction, the first of which taking place sometime during the late Miocene and wiping out a number of genera including
1049:
had partially interlocking teeth that lacked serrations, meaning it was the only species within the genus to not be ziphodont. It is generally regarded as being among the smaller species of
914:. While the genus as a whole is best known for its ziphodont teeth, they are only inferred for the holotype, as the actual fossil did not preserve with any teeth still in their sockets. The
684:
as a genus in 1981 based primarily on the rostrum from the Chillagoe caves, though he also dealt with much of the more fragmentary material including the Chinchilla jugal and teeth from the
1787:
from most other crocodilians with the exception of members of the Pristichampsinae. Though Molnar did not definitively assign the genus to said family (which has since then been changed to
1275:
s skull. While the former contributes to the side of the skull, the latter is located entirely on the dorsal surface much like the nasals. The shape of the lacrimal further indicates that
3840:
in a 2002 publication, casting doubt over the idea and arguing for the contrary, partially due to the apparent rarity of reptile remains compared to those of marsupials. The rarity of
1367:
Several more features of the skull are only visible when looking at it from below, in ventral view. For instance, the ventral contact between premaxilla and maxilla is U-shape and the
823:
After these early descriptions, things became relatively quiet in terms of fossil material, with far fewer notable discoveries being made. During this period the ecology and habits of
1527:
for example this orientation is best observed ventrolaterally, meaning the inclination is most obvious when looking at the bottom of the skull from a slight angle. However, unlike in
4103:, two species of monitor lizards (including Megalania) and three crocodilians, once again showing how multiple members of the latter group seemingly coexisted alongside each other.
432:
did not preserve teeth in its alveoli. The genus is distinguishable by the combination of these ziphodont teeth and a deep, altirostral skull that is sometimes compared to those of
1855:
as a mekosuchine has prevailed as the dominant interpretation, especially as the family expanded more and more thanks to new fossil discoveries. However, the precise position of
1450:
indicates that the mandibular symphysis, the fused section at the tip of the lower jaw, extended back until the sixth dentary tooth. A dentary piece has also been assigned to
649:
Additional discoveries were made in the years following this event, with a second ziphodont crocodilian being recovered from the Texas Caves in southern Queensland in 1975 by
512:
would eventually die out towards the end of the Pleistocene, with estimates suggesting that it died out somewhere between 40.000 and 10.000 years ago. The precise reasons for
1348:
did not have the sinuous outline like other crocodilians, which is marked by the presence of multiple constrictions and expansions of the maxillae. The only notch present in
848:
people. Molnar explains that part of the reason for this choice in name was that Quinkans were represented by crocodiles in at least one instance at a southeastern Cape York
1431:
featured so called "lateral chambers", which are also seen in other crocodilians. However, most likely because of the increased depth of the skull, the lateral chambers of
3864:
Terrestrial habits and proximity to water may not be mutually exclusive. Some researchers, including Willis and Wroe, have gone on to propose that though hunting on land,
1501:
it is noted that the elongated alveoli likely correspond to teeth that are compressed laterally (side to side). Though only inferred for the holotype, other specimens of
477:
also support this line of thinking, even though no clear overlap to confirm this hypothesis exists. While the majority of mekosuchine researchers support the idea that
4014:, featuring a well developed aquatic ecosystem surrounded by vine thickets and rainforest. Even more recent rock layers of the late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene saw
732:
636:
3743:
While no associated limb and skull fossils are known, pelvic form four suggest that at least one mekosuchine had a more upright posture and could therefore represent
4737:"Quinkana babarra, a new species of ziphodont mekosuchine crocodile from the Early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, Northern Australia with a revision of the genus"
4189:
became more frequent around 44.000 years ago, which was only exacerbated by the decline of grazing megafauna and a reduction of the local grasslands. The arrival of
786:
proved to be much more fragmentary than either of the two established species. Partly for this reason, the diagnosis that had been established by previous works for
7758:
7678:
7598:
3971:. While many of the prey animals at Bullock Creek do show signs of having been attacked by crocodilians, the more flattened punctures that would have been left by
1583:
further stands out from other species in the fact that its teeth do not form an overbite and instead partially interlock more akin to those of modern crocodiles.
3955:, which according to more recent research may have been a type of gharial. Both of these crocodilians may have preferred different habitats from one another and
1315:. More ridges can be found where the maxilla transitions from its lateral (sideways facing) to its dorsal surface. Finally, both the lacrimal and prefrontal of
3755:
is the lack of fossils representing the body or limbs. As discussed by Molnar, many extinct crocodylomorphs were in part determined to be terrestrial based on
1138:
on account of the taxon's inferred terrestrial habits, though this is still under debate. Another instance of possible postcranial material is noted in Stein
657:
was described. These early finds include not just the Texas Cave crocodile but also the Croydon specimens, the Rosella Plains teeth (originally identified as
5555:
3917:
may have preferred open woodlands in the vicinity of extensive bodies of freshwater, with some localities having been likened to today's Kakadu National Park
841:
1255:
from sebecosuchians, in which the nasals contribute to the sides of the skull and form a median crest. The maxillae are steep, which gives the skull of
575:
4237:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem"
3877:
terrestrial capabilities, with some indetermined remains all but confirming the existence of mekosuchines with erect, pillar-like limbs, the status of
3788:
of these animals based on fossils found across Australia. Among these fossils were various elements discovered in regions that also yielded remains of
1041:
appears to lack several key features that are characteristic for more recent members of the genus. In addition to being much more slender-snouted than
8017:
3827:
couldn't have filled the same niche as big cats. A similar sentiment was echoed by Sobbe, Price and Knezour, who proposed that Australia underwent a "
4114:
coincides with an abrupt burst of aridification that lead to the drying of various river systems and the subsequent collapse of the local woodlands.
3751:
While many of the questions raised by the skull anatomy could be solved by sufficient information regarding the postcranial skeleton, the issue with
1599:
on account of the narrowing maxilla, however as Megirian points out the lack of space for an additional tooth could have been compensated for by the
7918:
7838:
7745:
7665:
7585:
3715:
preying on other crocodilians as it is possible that they were built to take down terrestrial prey. Busbey later argued that the ziphodont teeth of
1279:
had eyes that faced sideways rather than up, a hallmark of more terrestrial crocodylomorphs. While the region below the eyes is poorly preserved in
1058:
1903:. Another study headed by Jorgo Ristevski, the results of which are shown on the right, found results that differed significantly, suggesting that
1311:
meanwhile was noted to not have had a full crest but rather multiple isolated peaks, the largest of which corresponding to the end of the crest in
8002:
554:
4075:, though it is noted that it was likely rare in eastern Queensland relative to other parts of Australia. Another Late Pleistocene river deposit,
1387:
seem to end between the fenestrae where they contact the maxilla via a V-shaped suture. This section is so small that Molnar initially described
1283:, there are still several aspects that can be inferred for it and other species provide additional information. Initially, Molnar described the
7997:
3894:
1323:, which specifically possessed two such knobs located on the lacrimal and a single knob on the prefrontal. These features are not exclusive to
4997:"Variation in the pelvic and pectoral girdles of Australian OligoโMiocene mekosuchine crocodiles with implications for locomotion and habitus"
5281:
550:
7992:
5418:
Megirian, D.; Murray, P.F.; Willis, P. (1991). "A new crocodile of the gavial ecomorph morphology from the Miocene of northern Australia".
4154:
4010:, giant snakes and large monitor lizards. The environment of this region has previously been suggested to have been similar to today's
1567:
range from five to eight serrations based on individuals from France and seven to nine serrations based on specimen collected from the
1463:
782:
of northeast Queensland, a locality that would have been intermediate in time between those of the two previously named taxa. However,
7977:
5173:
5136:
1808:
771:
740:
3792:, specifically the Riversleigh WHA. Four morphotypes are identified by the team, with "pelvic form four" having possibly belonged to
7987:
4568:
5396:
1287:
as not extending in front of the orbits, a claim later refuted by Megirian. Not only does the jugal extend in front of the eyes in
918:
was based on the Latin words "fortis" and "rostrum" meaning "strong" and "beak" (in reference to the species' snout) respectively.
743:
in the Northern Territory. In the same paper, Megirian also attributes multiple other fossils from the same site to this species.
665:). Generally, these remains were isolated elements dating to the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Some remains have even been found near
8007:
7982:
7481:
5548:
4839:
4083:
material alongside 16 other species of megafauna, only three of which are still extant. While the herbivore fauna is composed of
385:. Four species are currently recognized, all of which have been named between 1981 and 1997. The two best understood species are
7486:
1551:
on account of the type specimen not preserving teeth, but Pleistocene teeth generally appear less finely serrated than those of
1652:, suggesting that the two were of somewhat similar size despite the fact that the former was proportionally much more robust.
1026:
799:
6814:
6641:
1099:
6860:
6729:
3881:
remains uncertain until more material showcasing a clear link between said material and the diagnostic skulls can be found.
3584:
3129:
2534:
1811:, and Professor John Scanlon to define this growing number of Australian crocodilian genera. It was designed to accommodate
1147:, the terrestrial adaptations suggested by the anatomy of the material would match what is commonly inferred for the genus.
1037:
described. It was described based on multiple fossils of the maxilla as well as a partial lower jaw. As the oldest species,
1907:
was in fact not related to these other terrestrial forms, but instead most closely allied to large-bodied generalists like
5347:
The systematics, palaeobiology and palaeoecology of Kambara taraina sp. nov. from the Eocene Rundle Formation, Queensland
1454:
based on the fact that it lacked festooning and features laterally compressed teeth identical to those of the upper jaw.
1443:. In contrast to this, the lateral chambers and nasal passage of modern saltwater crocodiles are confluent with another.
4076:
3844:
has also been noted by other researchers. In addition to this, Wroe more generally argues against terrestrial habits in
1895:
according to their study, placing it as a derived member of the group most closely related to small dwarf forms such as
1656:
is generally considered to be the smallest of the four species, being described as small to moderately sized by Willis.
1090:, though the holotype of said species is actually toothless. Teeth are also known from a multitude of other localities.
650:
4315:
Ristevski, J.; Willis, P.M.A.; Yates, A.M.; White, M.A.; Hart, L.J.; Stein, M.D.; Price, G.J.; Salisbury, S.W. (2023).
1844:
to the Mekosuchinae with a 1995 publication, once again confirming the validity of this grouping despite the fact that
5541:
3409:
2756:
816:
464:, with both sides providing a variety of arguments. Academic analysis cites comparative morphologies as indicators of
6721:
5888:
409:, from the Pliocene and Oligocene respectively, are only known from a few poorly preserved bone fragments. The name
6942:
5169:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
5046:
Flannery, T. F. (1990). "Pleistocene faunal loss: implications of the aftershock for Australia's past and future".
1523:
species is that they are somewhat inclined to the sides of the maxilla which is visible from different angles. In
1163:
is noticeably deep and angular, its proportions somewhat resembling much older fossil crocodylomorphs such as the
529:
has a long history. Some of the earliest fossil finds now attributed to this genus date as far back as 1886, when
6914:
4175:). According to them, the hydroclimactic conditions began to deteriorate abruptly around 48.000 years ago in the
3731:
also remark on this possibility, suggesting that ziphodont dentition could allow for cursorial hunting, allowing
2571:
147:
6560:
5513:"Fossil turtles from the early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, with a description of a new species of Elseya"
4560:
673:, though like the Texas Cave material they too were originally considered to have belonged to a sebecosuchian.
5881:
5363:"Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeogene ziphodont eusuchians and the status of Pristichampsus Gervais, 1853"
1783:
acquiring the ziphodont condition. At the same time, the snout form and ziphodont dentition clearly set apart
778:
F23220), a fragment of the maxilla, was uncovered in 1991 by Mackness at the Dick's Mother Lode Quarry in the
6646:
4158:
Aridification and an increase in forest fires are thought to have been the main factor for the extinction of
1478:
between the first tooth and the incisive foramen. A further 12 tooth sockets are preserved in the maxilla of
8012:
6935:
3857:
for example maintains that the hooves of planocraniids were an anatomical feature rather than the result of
3443:
3368:
2803:
2702:
1126:
1083:
7421:
7195:
7525:
7445:
7219:
6928:
3816:
skull material is found, it cannot be ruled out that the hip fossils belonged to a different mekosuchine.
3512:
2641:
779:
662:
4317:"Migrations, diversifications and extinctions: the evolutionary history of crocodyliforms in Australasia"
1611:
meboldi is known to have had a minimum of 14 maxillary teeth, setting it apart from the younger species.
992:
692:. The same is the case with most of the other material examined in this work, though the similarities to
7972:
7944:
7864:
7784:
7691:
7611:
7405:
7398:
7211:
7203:
7087:
5724:
5644:
3854:
2729:
1344:. Lateral festooning was likewise not well developed, which means that when viewed from above skulls of
1130:
1103:
530:
7429:
5397:"Continuity and Contrast in Middle and Late Miocene Vertebrate Communities from the Northern Territory"
1685:
1200:, an older form from the Miocene, had noticeably more slender jaws that most closely resemble those of
1371:
is wider than it is long. Other major differences to other crocodilians can be seen in regards to the
1102:
is mentioned by Sobbe and colleagues and several isolated ziphodont teeth have been discovered in the
828:
sampled locality known for its abundant material of Megalania. This marked the first Late Pleistocene
7905:
7825:
7732:
7652:
7572:
6921:
6610:
6603:
6553:
6351:
5458:
5310:
5237:
4950:
4941:
4880:
4492:
4328:
4193:, though falling into the same time frame, was likely coincidental and not tied to the extinction of
4011:
3756:
1864:
1780:
1506:
1071:
3344:
2675:
2283:
810:
767:
6589:
6316:
3684:
Much more important than the circumstances of the fossils preservation is the actual morphology of
3392:
3219:
3171:
2061:
2025:
1600:
1436:
1391:
as lacking an anterior process altogether, whereas Megirian described the palatine process of both
1172:
1054:
962:
958:
481:
was terrestrial, some counter arguments have been raised in the past, especially highlighting that
381:
from about 25 million to about 10,000 years ago, with the majority of fossils having been found in
4787:"New crocodilians from the late Oligocene White Hunter Site, Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland"
3837:
1859:
within Mekosuchinae is still not fully resolved and has undergone various incarnations. In a 2018
1098:
Fossil Site that has yet to be named. A small terrestrial mekosuchine from the middle Pleistocene
7453:
7362:
7354:
7080:
6358:
6337:
6330:
5991:
5867:
5671:
5490:
5482:
5326:
4966:
4835:"A ziphodont crocodile from the late Pleistocene King Creek catchment, Darling Downs, Queensland"
4524:
4346:
3426:
2783:
1292:
945:
549:
began in earnest in 1970 with the discovery of fossil material in the Tea Tree Cave (part of the
457:
142:
7949:
7869:
7789:
7696:
4071:
7763:
7683:
7616:
1709:
within Mekosuchinae is uncertain, but it may be related to either small terrestrial forms like
7931:
7851:
7771:
7603:
7369:
6868:
6835:
6596:
6323:
6128:
5474:
5277:
5202:
5132:
5107:
5028:
4937:"Possible evidence for intraspecific aggression in a Pliocene crocodile from north Queensland"
4914:
4896:
4574:
4564:
4516:
4508:
4422:
4270:
1828:
1731:, early research was uncertain about its relationship to other crocodilians. The type species
1505:
clearly show that this was the case and that the teeth were furthermore serrated, making them
1376:
1118:, Ristevski and colleagues have argued that many isolated teeth traditionally referred to the
995:
of Queensland, but only preserved through a fragment of the maxilla and a few isolated teeth.
860:
775:
666:
7936:
7856:
7776:
4047:
is known to have coexisted with Megalania and a wide range of potential prey items including
7347:
6582:
6445:
6408:
6344:
6239:
6105:
5466:
5427:
5374:
5318:
5245:
5192:
5182:
5099:
5055:
5018:
5008:
4958:
4904:
4888:
4869:"Extinction of eastern Sahul megafauna coincides with sustained environmental deterioration"
4500:
4412:
4336:
4260:
4250:
1405:
1368:
1319:
have well developed knobs where other crocodilians sometimes have ridges. This is unique to
1107:
941:
849:
215:
202:
45:
5447:"A Pliocene mekosuchine (Eusuchia: Crocodilia) from the Lake Eyre Basin of South Australia"
3927:
is its proximity to other crocodilians with which it shared its habitat with. For example,
3739:
1007:
by likely having a wider and shorter snout. The name is derived from the Gugu-Yalanji word
7437:
7413:
7376:
7296:
7044:
6771:
6530:
6515:
6480:
6423:
6293:
6149:
6094:
5911:
5895:
4176:
4127:
4084:
3991:
3781:
3195:
2005:
1268:
670:
3719:
were developed convergently to those of large, terrestrial predatory lizards such as the
1775:
and it was determined that the genus should fall under Eusuchia, whereas similarities to
1212:, has been described as having had a shorter and broader snout than even the Pleistocene
5462:
5314:
5241:
4954:
4884:
4496:
4332:
1915:. Yet another alternative was recovered by Yates and colleagues in their description of
1340:, in which the toothrow is nearly straight, though slightly more developed in the older
1086:
of southeastern Queensland and shares similarities with teeth traditionally assigned to
7563:
7310:
7288:
7030:
7022:
6980:
6778:
6713:
6699:
6572:
6285:
6269:
6198:
6156:
6114:
6086:
6064:
6021:
5956:
5943:
5918:
5903:
5874:
5805:
5761:
5746:
5197:
5168:
5125:
Scanlon, J.D. (2014). "Giant terrestrial reptilian carnivores of Cenozoic Australia.".
5059:
5023:
4996:
4909:
4265:
4236:
4088:
4055:
2373:
1971:
1868:
1788:
1745:
1556:
1176:
1164:
711:
562:
437:
433:
41:
1575:
meanwhile seems to have had both serrated and unserrated teeth at the same time while
1482:, much resembling the posterior alveoli of the premaxilla in their elongated form. In
125:
7966:
7508:
7340:
7333:
7318:
7303:
7266:
7252:
7164:
7149:
7141:
7058:
7037:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6884:
6798:
6786:
6736:
6706:
6691:
6677:
6459:
6430:
6400:
6262:
6231:
6218:
6206:
6190:
6172:
6135:
6035:
5859:
5837:
5494:
5362:
5330:
5126:
4834:
4673:
Molnar (Eusuchia: Crocodylidae) from the Miocene Camfield Beds of Northern Australia"
4596:
4350:
4020:
3720:
3536:
2520:
2122:
1872:
1440:
1372:
1352:
is the one separating the maxillae and premaxillae. The most prominent festooning in
1264:
1180:
953:
906:
was described in 1981 by Ralph Molnar based on a partial skull collected from middle
685:
83:
4970:
4786:
4736:
4668:
4528:
4446:
4417:
4400:
1271:, two elements located before the eyes, are highly affected by the angular shape of
7896:
7816:
7723:
7643:
7503:
7326:
7259:
7172:
7157:
7124:
7113:
7065:
6847:
6757:
6744:
6664:
6543:
6494:
6487:
6415:
6277:
6254:
6079:
6071:
6042:
5984:
5977:
5852:
5737:
5629:
5604:
3797:
3311:
3294:
3236:
3067:
2557:
2484:
2185:
2158:
1957:
1892:
1804:
1800:
1762:
1736:
1728:
974:
915:
899:
845:
804:
719:
677:
566:
558:
542:
414:
371:
307:
267:
241:
5470:
4341:
4316:
961:. The species was defined as having a โnarrower snoutโ and โproportionally larger
5322:
4554:
4480:
1879:
age) data were used simultaneously to established the inter-relationships within
7557:
7281:
7274:
7072:
7051:
7015:
6987:
6966:
6508:
6501:
6473:
6466:
6452:
6393:
6246:
6182:
6142:
6121:
6049:
6028:
5970:
5844:
5812:
5769:
5446:
5274:
Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime
4868:
4504:
4049:
3139:. However, these results are generally not followed by mekosuchine researchers.
2102:
1816:
1757:
1751:
1555:. Overall, the amount of serrations bears similarities to the range observed in
1114:. Given the large quantity of ziphodont crocodilians likely to be distinct from
1079:
907:
661:), the Darling Downs teeth and the Chinchilla jugal (named so after the town of
461:
58:
17:
7548:
5156:. Linnean Society of New South Wales Symposium on the Quaternary. Vol. 10.
4892:
1791:), he argued that future discoveries were likely to confirm his suspicion that
7235:
7099:
6904:
6828:
6821:
6807:
6386:
6003:
5783:
5683:
5595:
5565:
5378:
5367:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
4962:
4447:"Quaternary vertebrate faunas from the Texas Caves of southeastern Queensland"
4065:
3832:
3705:
is perhaps the closest to planocraniids regarding its skull proportions, with
3610:
3135:
2346:
1880:
1860:
1815:
and other genera which demonstrated unique characteristics and were native to
1568:
1284:
1232:
1184:
911:
496:
424:
382:
374:
225:
103:
68:
5478:
5111:
4900:
4512:
4426:
3998:
appeared in the Bluff Downs Local Fauna alongside an undetermined species of
7185:
6523:
6306:
5790:
5656:
4936:
4578:
4180:
4060:
3968:
3858:
3828:
3676:
evidence for terrestrial habits either. Many of the localities that yielded
2875:
1884:
1823:. The Mekosuchinae classification was contrasted in the 1994 description of
1462:
1168:
1030:
1011:
meaning โolder sisterโ in reference to it being older than the type species.
736:
658:
517:
around the same time, were likely not responsible for this chain of events.
378:
159:
108:
52:
5206:
5187:
5032:
4918:
4556:
Dragons in the Dust: The Paleobiology of the Giant Monitor Lizard Megalania
4520:
4274:
1623:
1519:
are considered to be truly ziphodont. Another feature of the teeth of some
750:
Quinkan rock art near Laura, Queensland. These spirits are the namesake of
5420:
Beagle: Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory
4995:
Stein, Michael D.; Yates, Adam; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael (2017).
3951:, a semi-aquatic predator specialised in large prey, and the longirostine
1696:
7890:
7810:
7717:
7637:
7542:
7388:
6437:
6057:
5613:
5589:
4213:
material in the eastern Darling Downs following the end of the Pliocene.
1820:
1740:
696:
were clear, the material was generally too fragmentary to be assigned to
689:
525:
As one of the first fossil crocodilians to be recognized from Australia,
179:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
5486:
5152:
Salisbury, S. W.; Willis, P.M.A.; Scanlon, J.D.; Mackness, B.S. (1995).
4255:
537:, in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, which he informally dubbed
7923:
7843:
7750:
7670:
7590:
5776:
5533:
5013:
4092:
3801:
2605:
1767:
1188:
1095:
469:
364:
189:
113:
88:
5249:
4142:
and kin, this burst of aridification does not appear to have affected
3905:
1074:, northwestern Queensland, which exhibits alveoli similar to those of
6373:
5583:
5431:
5087:
4190:
1876:
169:
7519:
5154:
Plio-Pleistocene gigantism in Quinkana (Crocodyloidea; Mekosuchinae)
5103:
4481:"Crocodile with Laterally Compressed Snout: First Find in Australia"
3931:
was found alongside three other crocodilians, the small terrestrial
1563:
possessing around six serrations per millimeter, while specimens of
832:
material of the region since the teeth mentioned by Molnar in 1981.
746:
485:
is still consistently found to have lived near freshwater. The role
1579:, the oldest species, lacked serrations on its carinae altogether.
952:
is known from a lot more material than the other species, with the
5819:
4597:"An early Eocene crocodilian from Murgon, southeastern Queensland"
4241:
4172:
4153:
3848:. Examples used by Wroe include the hypothesis that the hooves of
3738:
2319:
1827:, in which Dirk Megirian suggested that further research into the
1622:
1461:
1220:
859:
745:
367:
7910:
7830:
7737:
7657:
7577:
3723:. Willis followed this idea, suggesting that large varanids and
1364:, however even in these species the condition is barely present.
1078:, but is too fragmentary to be attributed with certainty. A late
561:
as well as extinct groups that shared similar morphology, namely
6892:
5754:
3873:
may have still needed freshwater in order to breed or cool off.
2902:
2205:
1511:
1379:. Although only very little of the actual palatines is known in
7523:
6662:
5941:
5722:
5576:
5537:
3804:, which differ greatly from "pelvic form one" (associated with
1535:
with their oblique tooth orientation, the axis of the teeth in
1399:
as simply having been small. Similarly, the palatal process of
735:
P895-19) consists of various snout fragments discovered within
456:
The genus has been argued amongst paleontologists to be either
397:, a more gracile form from the Miocene. The other two species,
4595:
Willis, Paul M.A.; Molnar, Ralph E.; Scanlon, John D. (1993).
4096:
3785:
4833:
Sobbe, Ian H.; Price, Gilbert J.; Knezour, Robert A. (2013).
3688:. Ever since the description of the genus, it was noted that
991:
Named in 1996, this species is known from the early Pliocene
973:, which are thin Quinkans or โspirits" in the culture of the
884:(d) were all described from skull remains of varying quality.
553:
of Northern Queensland) by Lyndsey Hawkins, a member of the
494:
was relatively rare, whereas large marsupial predators like
3975:
s ziphodont teeth are noted to be much rarer than those of
1446:
Few lower jaws are known, but fossil material referred to
4235:
Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021).
1542:
The development of the serrations differs among species.
844:, a type of spirit of the Northern Queensland aboriginal
676:
These discoveries caught the attention of paleontologist
5350:(PhD thesis). Melbourne: Monash University. p. 340.
4006:, while non-crocodilian predators include the marsupial
413:
comes from the "Quinkans", a legendary folk spirit from
1848:
was the only taxon in the family with ziphodont teeth.
1208:
had similarly narrower jaws while yet another species,
1125:
A metatarsal bone (QM F30566) was found in 1992 in the
440:, leading some early researchers to mistakenly assign
4741:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
3967:
possibly living in slow moving waters like ponds and
1439:
and extend into the space between the palate and the
1033:
deposit (ca. 25 Ma), making it the oldest species of
5520:
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia
5303:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
4321:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
3727:
may have taken down prey in a similar manner. Stein
2980:
2960:
2933:
2906:
2879:
2807:
2787:
2760:
2733:
2706:
2679:
2645:
2609:
2575:
2538:
2397:
2377:
2350:
2323:
2287:
2267:
2210:
2189:
2162:
2126:
2106:
2065:
2029:
2009:
1975:
533:
found a variety of fossil bones, including those of
340:
327:
314:
297:
274:
7880:
7800:
7707:
7627:
7532:
7386:
7234:
7183:
7123:
7097:
6964:
6902:
6846:
6797:
6755:
6675:
6570:
6541:
6372:
6304:
6217:
6170:
6104:
6001:
5954:
5829:
5736:
5682:
5655:
5628:
1025:This species was found at the White Hunter Site in
4401:"Pleistocene ziphodont crocodilians of Queensland"
5445:Yates, Adam M.; Pledge, Neville S. (2017-01-02).
5167:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
5128:Carnivores of Australia: past, present and future
4162:, but there is no evidence for human involvement.
1635:The precise size reached by species of the genus
1435:are much more prominent than in animals like the
4601:Kaupia: Darmstรคdter Beitrรคge zur Naturgeschichte
5395:Murray, Peter; Megirian, Dirk (December 1992).
3982:During the Pliocene an undetermined species of
3710:compression and serrations are both signs that
1644:was slightly smaller than both the holotype of
4735:Willis, Paul M.A.; Mackness, Brian S. (1996).
3923:A somewhat consistent fact about the range of
1231:they are located very close to the tip of the
940:is known from the Bullock Creek Locality near
5549:
1607:is unknown given its fragmentary nature, but
8:
1235:and are deeply notched, which especially in
969:. This distinction is reflected in the name
3808:) and "pelvic form three" (associated with
1082:tooth (QM F57032) was found in 2013 in the
7520:
7244:
7133:
7105:
6972:
6852:
6763:
6683:
6672:
6659:
6378:
6223:
6214:
6013:
6009:
5962:
5951:
5938:
5733:
5719:
5661:
5634:
5625:
5573:
5556:
5542:
5534:
5295:
5293:
4201:finally died out around 10.000 years ago.
1727:predates most of the research done on the
1029:, northwestern Queensland which is a late
503:Regardless of its lifestyle and behavior,
124:
31:
5196:
5186:
5022:
5012:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4935:Mackness, Brian; Sutton, Richard (2000).
4908:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4416:
4340:
4264:
4254:
4002:and a mekosuchine possibly referrable to
1795:was related to these Paleogene animals.
1739:in 1981 through comparison against other
5272:Murray, P. F.; Vickers-Rich, P. (2004).
5267:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5216:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4036:species and an indeterminate species of
1771:. The most similarities were found with
1122:could also belong to these other forms.
1059:Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
948:, dating to the middle to late Miocene.
758:Only two years later a third species of
5506:
5504:
5390:
5388:
4930:
4928:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4590:
4588:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4222:
3796:due to the highly derived state of the
3108:
555:Sydney University Speleological Society
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4230:
4228:
4226:
3819:One suggestion made by Molnar is that
2507:
1944:
1631:after Flannery (1990) and Sobbe (2013)
840:Its generic name was derived from the
722:in 1993. Shortly after this, in 1994,
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
3994:, specifically the Mampuwordu Sands.
7:
5511:Thomson, S.A.; Mackness, B. (1999).
3559:
3552:
3529:
3504:
3384:
3360:
3336:
3286:
3279:
3211:
3187:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
2948:
2921:
2894:
2867:
2775:
2748:
2721:
2694:
2667:
2660:
2633:
2597:
2590:
2563:
2553:
2526:
2516:
2509:
2365:
2338:
2311:
2259:
2252:
2177:
2150:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2053:
1997:
1990:
1963:
1953:
1946:
864:The holotype specimens of the four
5451:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
5174:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
5060:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1990.tb00232.x
3681:favoring a terrestrial lifestyle.
1851:Since then, the interpretation of
25:
4079:in Western Queensland, recovered
3963:frequenting shallower waters and
137:at the Central Australian Museum
8018:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
7485:
7480:
6645:
6640:
4840:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
4791:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
4451:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
4405:Records of the Australian Museum
4099:, carnivores are represented by
3904:
3893:
1779:were dismissed as the result of
1735:was originally classified under
1713:or large semi-aquatic taxa like
1695:
1684:
1191:. Molnar describes the skull of
627:
626:
618:
617:
609:
608:
600:
599:
591:
590:
582:
581:
574:
146:
4418:10.3853/j.0067-1975.33.1981.198
800:Riversleigh World Heritage Area
8003:Cenozoic reptiles of Australia
4166:Fossil evidence suggests that
1539:fall in line with each other.
1053:. The species was named after
794:, discovered the same year as
766:, was described, this time by
1:
7998:Pleistocene genus extinctions
5471:10.1080/02724634.2017.1244540
5092:Australian Journal of Zoology
4342:10.1080/03115518.2023.2201319
3666:The ecology and lifestyle of
1179:that were primarily found in
1057:, a German astronomer of the
5323:10.1080/03115518.2012.671697
5276:. Indiana University Press.
4479:Molnar, R. E. (1977-07-01).
4399:Molnar, R. E. (1981-10-31).
133:Restoration of the skull of
7993:Pleistocene crocodylomorphs
4505:10.1126/science.197.4298.62
3939:and the large semi-aquatic
3933:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
3410:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
3237:"Asiatosuchus" nanlingensis
2757:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
1497:In the type description of
999:can be differentiated from
817:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
644:fossils found in Queensland
545:). The research history of
423:is primarily known for its
336:Willis & Mackness, 1996
8034:
4893:10.1038/s41467-020-15785-w
4785:Willis, Paul M.A. (1997).
3947:locality was also home to
3133:just outside of the genus
3127:, which nested closely to
1863:study by Lee & Yates,
1603:bone. The tooth count for
7978:Oligocene crocodylomorphs
7498:
7478:
7247:
7136:
7108:
6975:
6855:
6766:
6686:
6671:
6658:
6638:
6381:
6226:
6016:
6012:
5965:
5950:
5937:
5732:
5718:
5664:
5637:
5624:
5572:
5379:10.1017/S1755691013000200
4963:10.1080/03115510008619523
4018:coexist with the gharial
3935:, the small semi-aquatic
3607:
3581:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3534:
3527:
3509:
3502:
3440:
3423:
3406:
3389:
3382:
3365:
3358:
3341:
3334:
3308:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3233:
3216:
3209:
3192:
3185:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3065:
2973:
2953:
2946:
2926:
2919:
2899:
2892:
2872:
2865:
2800:
2780:
2773:
2753:
2746:
2726:
2719:
2699:
2692:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2638:
2631:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2572:Kalthifrons aurivellensis
2568:
2561:
2551:
2531:
2524:
2514:
2482:
2390:
2370:
2363:
2343:
2336:
2316:
2309:
2280:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2202:
2182:
2175:
2155:
2148:
2119:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2058:
2051:
2022:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1968:
1961:
1951:
1427:Internally, the skull of
294:
289:
273:
266:
143:Scientific classification
141:
132:
123:
34:
27:Extinct genus of reptiles
7988:Pliocene crocodylomorphs
6815:"Crocodylus" gariepensis
4561:Indiana University Press
4445:Archer, Michael (1978).
1927:and a clade composed of
1803:was proposed in 1993 by
1167:that existed during the
541:(now considered to be a
391:, the type species, and
8008:Crocodiles of Australia
7983:Miocene crocodylomorphs
7088:"Tomistoma" lusitanicum
6861:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
6730:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
5344:Buchanan, L.A. (2008).
4667:Megirian, Dirk (1994).
3585:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
3444:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
3369:Trilophosuchus rackhami
3130:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
3114:Though the position of
2804:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2703:Trilophosuchus rackhami
2535:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
1887:shows the placement of
1565:Boverisuchus magnifrons
1127:Bluff Downs fossil site
500:were much more common.
5230:Papers in Paleontology
5188:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
5086:Wroe, Stephen (2002).
5048:Archaeology in Oceania
4553:Molnar, R. E. (2004).
4163:
4138:filling the niches of
4106:Overall, the range of
3748:
3513:Australosuchus clarkae
2642:Australosuchus clarkae
1632:
1471:
1243:and very prominent in
957:localities within the
932:The second species of
885:
850:rock painting location
780:Charters Towers Region
755:
741:Bullock Creek Locality
663:Chinchilla, Queensland
7945:Paleobiology Database
7865:Paleobiology Database
7785:Paleobiology Database
7692:Paleobiology Database
7629:Quinkana fortirostrum
7612:Paleobiology Database
5361:Brochu, C.A. (2013).
4873:Nature Communications
4157:
3742:
3673:Quinkana fortirostrum
3123:, this also affected
2977:Quinkana fortirostrum
2730:Volia athollandersoni
1660:Quinkana fortirostrum
1629:Quinkana fortirostrum
1626:
1597:Quinkana fortirostrum
1588:Quinkana fortirostrum
1549:Quinkana fortirostrum
1525:Quinkana fortirostrum
1484:Quinkana fortirostrum
1480:Quinkana fortirostrum
1475:Quinkana fortirostrum
1465:
1385:Quinkana fortirostrum
1381:Quinkana fortirostrum
1338:Quinkana fortirostrum
1325:Quinkana fortirostrum
1317:Quinkana fortirostrum
1281:Quinkana fortirostrum
1193:Quinkana fortirostrum
1161:Quinkana fortirostrum
1100:Mt. Etna caves system
1088:Quinkana fortirostrum
1043:Quinkana fortirostrum
891:Quinkana fortirostrum
882:Quinkana fortirostrum
863:
749:
698:Quinkana fortirostrum
539:Pallimnarchus pollens
531:Charles Walter De Vis
430:Quinkana fortirostrum
302:Quinkana fortirostrum
279:Quinkana fortirostrum
7363:"Tomistoma" coppensi
7355:"Tomistoma" cairense
7081:"Tomistoma" cairense
6722:"Crocodylus" affinis
5889:"Crocodylus" affinis
5131:. CSIRO Publishing.
4563:. pp. 174โ175.
4130:, with taxa such as
4012:Kakadu National Park
1627:Size comparisson of
1559:, with specimens of
637:class=notpageimage|
7370:"Tomistoma" dowsoni
5463:2017JVPal..37E4540Y
5315:2012Alch...36..473S
5242:2023PPal....9E1523Y
4955:2000Alch...24...55M
4885:2020NatCo..11.2250H
4497:1977Sci...197...62M
4333:2023Alch...47..370R
4256:10.7717/peerj.12094
4032:, a possible third
3836:been questioned by
3393:Ultrastenos willisi
3220:Kambara murgonensis
3172:Kambara implexidens
2266:Bullock Creek taxon
2062:Kambara murgonensis
2026:Kambara implexidens
1919:, which positioned
1437:saltwater crocodile
1173:northern hemisphere
993:Allingham Formation
6943:C. thorbjarnarsoni
5992:Listrognathosuchus
5868:Brachyuranochampsa
5014:10.7717/peerj.3501
4669:"A New Species of
4164:
4077:South Walker Creek
4030:Paludirex gracilis
4026:Paludirex vincenti
3855:Christopher Brochu
3749:
3427:Mekosuchus sanderi
2784:Mekosuchus sanderi
1883:. Below, the left
1633:
1561:Boverisuchus vorax
1472:
1293:American alligator
1104:Otibanda Formation
946:Northern Territory
886:
756:
640:Locations of some
521:History and naming
7960:
7959:
7932:Open Tree of Life
7852:Open Tree of Life
7772:Open Tree of Life
7526:Taxon identifiers
7517:
7516:
7494:
7493:
7476:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7230:
7229:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6915:C. anthropophagus
6654:
6653:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6368:
6367:
6166:
6165:
6129:Eurycephalosuchus
5933:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5882:"Crocodylus" acer
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5283:978-0-253-34282-9
5250:10.1002/spp2.1523
4181:hydrological flow
3658:
3657:
3649:
3648:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3596:
3595:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3323:
3322:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3256:
3248:
3247:
3112:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2990:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2620:
2619:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2298:
2297:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2137:
2136:
2040:
2039:
1416:and the eight in
1412:, the seventh in
1377:palatal fenestrae
910:cave deposits in
709:and the European
667:Lake Palankarinna
453:specimens found.
356:
355:
350:
337:
324:
311:
262:
16:(Redirected from
8025:
7953:
7952:
7940:
7939:
7927:
7926:
7914:
7913:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7882:Quinkana meboldi
7873:
7872:
7860:
7859:
7847:
7846:
7834:
7833:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7802:Quinkana babarra
7793:
7792:
7780:
7779:
7767:
7766:
7754:
7753:
7741:
7740:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7700:
7699:
7687:
7686:
7674:
7673:
7661:
7660:
7648:
7647:
7646:
7620:
7619:
7607:
7606:
7594:
7593:
7581:
7580:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7521:
7489:
7484:
7446:G. pachyrhynchus
7348:Siquisiquesuchus
7245:
7134:
7106:
6973:
6853:
6764:
6684:
6673:
6660:
6649:
6644:
6611:C. wannlangstoni
6604:C. venezuelensis
6446:Globidentosuchus
6409:Centenariosuchus
6379:
6240:Allognathosuchus
6224:
6215:
6106:Orientalosuchina
6014:
6010:
5963:
5952:
5939:
5734:
5720:
5662:
5635:
5626:
5619:
5618:
5574:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5535:
5528:
5527:
5517:
5508:
5499:
5498:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5432:10.5962/p.262817
5415:
5409:
5408:
5392:
5383:
5382:
5373:(3โ4): 521โ550.
5358:
5352:
5351:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5297:
5288:
5287:
5269:
5254:
5253:
5224:
5211:
5210:
5200:
5190:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5083:
5064:
5063:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5026:
5016:
4992:
4975:
4974:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4912:
4864:
4849:
4848:
4830:
4799:
4798:
4782:
4749:
4748:
4732:
4685:
4684:
4664:
4609:
4608:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4550:
4533:
4532:
4476:
4459:
4458:
4442:
4431:
4430:
4420:
4396:
4355:
4354:
4344:
4312:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4258:
4232:
3929:Quinkana meboldi
3908:
3897:
3885:Paleoenvironment
3794:Quinkana meboldi
3693:also be seen in
3560:
3553:
3530:
3505:
3385:
3361:
3337:
3287:
3280:
3212:
3188:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
2982:
2962:
2949:
2935:
2930:Quinkana meboldi
2922:
2908:
2895:
2881:
2868:
2809:
2789:
2776:
2762:
2749:
2735:
2722:
2708:
2695:
2681:
2668:
2661:
2647:
2634:
2611:
2598:
2591:
2577:
2564:
2554:
2540:
2527:
2517:
2510:
2399:
2379:
2366:
2352:
2339:
2325:
2312:
2289:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2212:
2191:
2178:
2164:
2151:
2128:
2108:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2067:
2054:
2031:
2011:
1998:
1991:
1977:
1964:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1761:and against the
1705:The position of
1699:
1688:
1669:Quinkana meboldi
1654:Quinkana meboldi
1642:Quinkana babarra
1605:Quinkana babarra
1581:Quinkana meboldi
1515:, only those of
1466:An unattributed
1452:Quinkana meboldi
1406:pterygoid fossae
1401:Quinkana meboldi
1369:incisive foramen
1356:is expressed in
1204:in proportions.
1136:Quinkana babarra
1108:Papua New Guinea
1084:Kings Creek site
1076:Quinkana babarra
1047:Quinkana meboldi
1039:Quinkana meboldi
1018:Quinkana meboldi
984:Quinkana babarra
963:antorbital shelf
942:Camfield Station
878:Quinkana babarra
874:Quinkana timara
870:Quinkana mebolid
796:Quinkana babarra
792:Quinkana mebolid
784:Quinkana babarra
774:. The holotype (
772:Paul M.A. Willis
764:Quinkana babarra
680:, who described
630:
629:
621:
620:
612:
611:
603:
602:
594:
593:
585:
584:
578:
563:pristichampsines
444:to said groups.
348:
345:Quinkana meboldi
342:
335:
332:Quinkana babarra
329:
322:
316:
305:
299:
276:
260:
253:
240:
216:Archosauriformes
203:Archosauromorpha
151:
150:
128:
118:
55:
46:Late Pleistocene
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
18:Quinkana meboldi
8033:
8032:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8022:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7956:
7948:
7943:
7935:
7930:
7922:
7917:
7909:
7904:
7895:
7894:
7889:
7876:
7868:
7863:
7855:
7850:
7842:
7837:
7829:
7824:
7815:
7814:
7809:
7796:
7788:
7783:
7775:
7770:
7762:
7757:
7749:
7744:
7736:
7731:
7722:
7721:
7716:
7709:Quinkana timara
7703:
7695:
7690:
7682:
7677:
7669:
7664:
7656:
7651:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7623:
7615:
7610:
7602:
7597:
7589:
7584:
7576:
7571:
7562:
7561:
7556:
7547:
7546:
7541:
7528:
7518:
7513:
7490:
7460:
7422:G. curvirostris
7399:G. bengawanicus
7382:
7377:Toyotamaphimeia
7297:Hesperogavialis
7238:
7226:
7179:
7127:
7119:
7102:
7093:
7045:Megadontosuchus
6969:
6948:
6936:C. palaeindicus
6898:
6842:
6793:
6772:Aldabrachampsus
6760:
6751:
6680:
6667:
6650:
6616:
6590:C. brevirostris
6566:
6537:
6531:Wannaganosuchus
6516:Stangerochampsa
6481:Orthogenysuchus
6424:Chinatichampsus
6364:
6300:
6294:Wannaganosuchus
6213:
6175:
6162:
6150:Orientalosuchus
6100:
6095:Stangerochampsa
6006:
5997:
5959:
5946:
5925:
5912:Prodiplocynodon
5896:Portugalosuchus
5825:
5728:
5698:
5678:
5651:
5620:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5562:
5532:
5531:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5502:
5457:(1): e1244540.
5444:
5443:
5439:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5394:
5393:
5386:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5271:
5270:
5257:
5226:
5225:
5214:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5139:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5104:10.1071/zo01053
5085:
5084:
5067:
5045:
5044:
5040:
4994:
4993:
4978:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4866:
4865:
4852:
4832:
4831:
4802:
4784:
4783:
4752:
4734:
4733:
4688:
4666:
4665:
4612:
4594:
4593:
4586:
4571:
4552:
4551:
4536:
4491:(4298): 62โ64.
4478:
4477:
4462:
4444:
4443:
4434:
4411:(19): 803โ834.
4398:
4397:
4358:
4314:
4313:
4282:
4234:
4233:
4224:
4219:
4177:Lake Eyre Basin
4128:faunal turnover
4120:
3992:Lake Eyre Basin
3986:coexisted with
3921:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3887:
3782:shoulder girdle
3707:Q. fortirostrum
3664:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3632:
3623:
3597:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3324:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3196:Kambara taraina
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2957:Quinkana timara
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2621:
2505:
2496:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2299:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2138:
2041:
2006:Kambara taraina
1917:Baru iylwenpeny
1733:Q. fortirostrum
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1646:Q. fortirostrum
1621:
1592:Quinkana timara
1544:Quinkana timara
1529:Q. fortirostrum
1488:Quinkana timara
1460:
1448:Quinkana timara
1414:Q. fortirostrum
1393:Q. fortirostrum
1342:Quinkana timara
1313:Q. fortirostrum
1289:Quinkana timara
1269:prefrontal bone
1249:Quinkana timara
1245:Q. fortirostrum
1237:Quinkana timara
1214:Q. fortirostrum
1198:Quinkana timara
1153:
1001:Q. fortirostrum
967:Q. fortirostrum
944:in Australia's
925:Quinkana timara
904:Q. fortirostrum
858:
838:
724:Quinkana timara
671:South Australia
647:
646:
645:
639:
633:
632:
631:
623:
622:
614:
613:
605:
604:
596:
595:
587:
586:
551:Chillagoe caves
523:
388:Q. fortirostrum
319:Quinkana timara
285:
282:
259:
251:
238:
145:
119:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
50:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8031:
8029:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8013:Apex predators
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7965:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7941:
7928:
7915:
7902:
7886:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7861:
7848:
7835:
7822:
7806:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7781:
7768:
7755:
7742:
7729:
7713:
7711:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7688:
7675:
7662:
7649:
7633:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7621:
7608:
7595:
7582:
7569:
7554:
7538:
7536:
7530:
7529:
7524:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7450:
7442:
7434:
7426:
7418:
7410:
7402:
7394:
7392:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7373:
7366:
7359:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7315:
7311:Maomingosuchus
7307:
7300:
7293:
7289:Harpacochampsa
7285:
7278:
7271:
7263:
7256:
7248:
7242:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7216:
7212:T. lusitanicum
7208:
7200:
7196:T. calaritanum
7191:
7189:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7169:
7161:
7154:
7146:
7137:
7131:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7109:
7103:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7084:
7077:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7031:Maomingosuchus
7027:
7023:Leptorrhamphus
7019:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6981:Dollosuchoides
6976:
6970:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6939:
6932:
6929:C. falconensis
6925:
6918:
6910:
6908:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6856:
6850:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6811:
6803:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6783:
6779:Dzungarisuchus
6775:
6767:
6761:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6741:
6733:
6726:
6718:
6714:Australosuchus
6710:
6703:
6700:Antecrocodylus
6696:
6687:
6681:
6676:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6578:
6576:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6561:M. latrubessei
6557:
6549:
6547:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6527:
6520:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6412:
6405:
6397:
6390:
6382:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6312:
6310:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6290:
6286:Procaimanoidea
6282:
6274:
6270:Hassiacosuchus
6266:
6259:
6251:
6243:
6236:
6227:
6221:
6212:
6211:
6203:
6199:Menatalligator
6195:
6187:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6157:Protoalligator
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6115:Dongnanosuchus
6110:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6091:
6087:Procaimanoidea
6083:
6076:
6068:
6065:Hassiacosuchus
6061:
6054:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6022:Albertochampsa
6017:
6007:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5966:
5960:
5957:Alligatoroidea
5955:
5948:
5947:
5944:Alligatoroidea
5942:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5919:Planocraniidae
5915:
5908:
5904:Pristichampsus
5900:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5875:Charactosuchus
5871:
5864:
5856:
5849:
5841:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5806:Trilophosuchus
5802:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5762:Harpacochampsa
5758:
5751:
5747:Australosuchus
5742:
5740:
5730:
5729:
5723:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5665:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5638:
5632:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5607:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5577:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5538:
5530:
5529:
5500:
5437:
5410:
5384:
5353:
5336:
5309:(4): 473โ486.
5289:
5282:
5255:
5212:
5159:
5144:
5138:978-0643103177
5137:
5117:
5065:
5038:
4976:
4924:
4850:
4800:
4750:
4686:
4610:
4584:
4569:
4534:
4460:
4432:
4356:
4327:(4): 370โ415.
4280:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4204:The idea that
4119:
4116:
4085:diprotodontids
4056:Macropus titan
4043:At King Creek
3965:Harpacochampsa
3953:Harpacochampsa
3913:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3121:Australosuchus
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2876:Paludirex spp.
2871:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2374:Trilophosuchus
2369:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1972:Australosuchus
1967:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1901:Trilophosuchus
1869:DNA sequencing
1840:assignment of
1833:Pristichampsus
1789:Planocraniidae
1773:Pristichampsus
1746:Pristichampsus
1711:Trilophosuchus
1704:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1620:
1617:
1459:
1456:
1177:sebecosuchians
1152:
1149:
1063:
1062:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
988:
987:
979:
978:
929:
928:
920:
919:
902:of the genus,
895:
894:
857:
854:
837:
834:
768:Brian Mackness
712:Pristichampsus
651:Michael Archer
635:
634:
625:
624:
616:
615:
607:
606:
598:
597:
589:
588:
580:
579:
573:
572:
571:
567:sebecosuchians
522:
519:
434:sebecosuchians
377:that lived in
354:
353:
352:
351:
338:
325:
323:Megirian, 1994
312:
306:Molnar, 1981 (
292:
291:
287:
286:
283:
271:
270:
264:
263:
249:
245:
244:
236:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
139:
138:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
42:Late Oligocene
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8030:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7951:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7907:
7903:
7898:
7892:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7883:
7879:
7871:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7827:
7823:
7818:
7812:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7799:
7791:
7786:
7782:
7778:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7734:
7730:
7725:
7719:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7698:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7654:
7650:
7645:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7626:
7618:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7587:
7583:
7579:
7574:
7570:
7565:
7559:
7555:
7550:
7544:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7522:
7510:
7509:Gryposuchinae
7507:
7505:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7488:
7483:
7456:
7455:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7379:
7378:
7374:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7365:
7364:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7341:Rhamphosuchus
7338:
7336:
7335:
7334:Piscogavialis
7331:
7329:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:Paratomistoma
7316:
7313:
7312:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7304:Ikanogavialis
7301:
7299:
7298:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7269:
7268:
7267:Gavialosuchus
7264:
7262:
7261:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7253:Aktiogavialis
7250:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7222:
7221:
7220:T. taiwanicum
7217:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7165:Paratomistoma
7162:
7160:
7159:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7150:Gavialosuchus
7147:
7144:
7143:
7142:Brasilosuchus
7139:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7129:sensu stricto
7126:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7059:Paratomistoma
7056:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7038:Maroccosuchus
7035:
7033:
7032:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7009:Gunggamarandu
7006:
7004:
7003:
7002:Gavialosuchus
6999:
6997:
6996:
6995:Ferganosuchus
6992:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6963:
6945:
6944:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6885:Tzaganosuchus
6882:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6857:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6837:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6799:Osteolaeminae
6796:
6789:
6788:
6787:Oxysdonsaurus
6784:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6754:
6747:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6737:Jiangxisuchus
6734:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6707:Astorgosuchus
6704:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6692:Albertosuchus
6689:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6678:Crocodyloidea
6674:
6670:
6666:
6661:
6657:
6648:
6643:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6597:C. gasparinae
6594:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6460:Kuttanacaiman
6457:
6455:
6454:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6431:Culebrasuchus
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6401:Brachychampsa
6398:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6352:A. prenasalis
6349:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6263:Chrysochampsa
6260:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6232:Akanthosuchus
6229:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6219:Alligatorinae
6216:
6209:
6208:
6207:Sajkanosuchus
6204:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:Lianghusuchus
6188:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:Alligatoridae
6169:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6136:Jiangxisuchus
6133:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6036:Brachychampsa
6033:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5940:
5936:
5921:
5920:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5860:Borealosuchus
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5838:Albertosuchus
5835:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5717:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5559:
5554:
5552:
5547:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5526:(3): 101โ105.
5525:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5438:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5414:
5411:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5354:
5349:
5348:
5340:
5337:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5163:
5160:
5155:
5148:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5121:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:(2): 601โ606.
4846:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4570:0-253-34374-7
4566:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4089:palorchestids
4087:, kangaroos,
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4021:Gunggamarandu
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3907:
3896:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3721:komodo dragon
3718:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3548:Crocodylinae
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:Osteolaeminae
3532:
3531:
3525:Crocodylidae
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3345:"Baru" huberi
3339:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3262:
3261:
3253:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3083:
3082:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3041:
3040:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2676:"Baru" huberi
2670:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:Crocodyloidea
2519:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2284:"Baru" huberi
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:Pallimnarchus
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:stratigraphic
1870:
1867:, molecular (
1866:
1865:morphological
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1763:sebecosuchian
1760:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1687:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:ectopterygoid
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:planocraniids
1554:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1441:nasal passage
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1298:The skull of
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:South America
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:planocraniids
1162:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1055:Ulrich Mebold
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:
986:
985:
981:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
959:Camfield Beds
955:
954:type material
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:to be named,
935:
931:
930:
927:
926:
922:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:
893:
892:
888:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
835:
833:
831:
826:
821:
819:
818:
813:
812:
811:"Baru" huberi
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
753:
748:
744:
742:
739:found in the
738:
734:
730:
725:
721:
716:
714:
713:
708:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:Darling Downs
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
643:
638:
577:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
518:
515:
511:
506:
501:
499:
498:
493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
447:
443:
439:
438:planocraniids
435:
431:
426:
422:
418:
416:
412:
408:
407:
402:
401:
396:
395:
390:
389:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
366:
362:
361:
347:
346:
339:
334:
333:
326:
321:
320:
313:
309:
304:
303:
296:
295:
293:
288:
281:
280:
272:
269:
265:
258:
257:
250:
247:
246:
243:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
149:
144:
140:
136:
131:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:25โ0.01
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
7973:Mekosuchinae
7881:
7801:
7708:
7628:
7533:
7504:Brevirostres
7454:G. papuensis
7452:
7444:
7436:
7428:
7420:
7412:
7406:G. breviceps
7404:
7397:
7387:
7375:
7368:
7361:
7353:
7346:
7339:
7332:
7327:Penghusuchus
7325:
7317:
7309:
7302:
7295:
7287:
7280:
7273:
7265:
7260:Dadagavialis
7258:
7251:
7239:
7218:
7210:
7202:
7194:
7184:
7173:Thecachampsa
7171:
7163:
7158:Melitosaurus
7156:
7148:
7140:
7128:
7125:Tomistominae
7114:Sacacosuchus
7112:
7086:
7079:
7071:
7066:Thecachampsa
7064:
7057:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6941:
6934:
6927:
6922:C. checchiai
6920:
6913:
6903:
6891:
6883:
6876:
6875:
6867:
6859:
6848:Crocodylinae
6834:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6785:
6777:
6770:
6758:Crocodylidae
6745:Mekosuchinae
6743:
6735:
6728:
6720:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6690:
6665:Longirostres
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6583:C. australis
6581:
6571:
6559:
6552:
6544:Melanosuchus
6542:
6529:
6522:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6495:Paranasuchus
6493:
6488:Paranacaiman
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6416:Ceratosuchus
6414:
6407:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6322:
6317:A. hailensis
6315:
6305:
6292:
6284:
6278:Navajosuchus
6276:
6268:
6261:
6255:Ceratosuchus
6253:
6245:
6238:
6230:
6205:
6197:
6189:
6181:
6155:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6093:
6085:
6080:Navajosuchus
6078:
6072:Leidyosuchus
6070:
6063:
6056:
6048:
6043:Ceratosuchus
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
5990:
5985:Leidyosuchus
5983:
5978:Diplocynodon
5976:
5969:
5917:
5910:
5902:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5858:
5853:Asiatosuchus
5851:
5843:
5836:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5760:
5753:
5745:
5738:Mekosuchinae
5727:crocodilians
5645:Pseudosuchia
5630:Pseudosuchia
5609:
5605:Pseudosuchia
5600:
5566:crocodilians
5523:
5519:
5454:
5450:
5440:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5404:
5400:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5346:
5339:
5306:
5302:
5273:
5233:
5229:
5178:
5172:
5162:
5153:
5147:
5127:
5120:
5095:
5091:
5054:(2): 45โ55.
5051:
5047:
5041:
5004:
5000:
4949:(1): 55โ62.
4946:
4940:
4876:
4872:
4844:
4838:
4794:
4790:
4744:
4740:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4604:
4600:
4555:
4488:
4484:
4457:(1): 61โ109.
4454:
4450:
4408:
4404:
4324:
4320:
4246:
4240:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4121:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4080:
4070:
4064:
4054:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3949:Baru darrowi
3948:
3945:
3941:Baru wickeni
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3850:Boverisuchus
3849:
3845:
3841:
3838:Stephen Wroe
3824:
3820:
3818:
3813:
3810:Baru darrowi
3809:
3805:
3793:
3789:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3662:Paleobiology
3609:
3608:
3583:
3582:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3535:
3511:
3510:
3442:
3441:
3425:
3424:
3408:
3407:
3391:
3390:
3367:
3366:
3343:
3342:
3312:Baru wickeni
3310:
3309:
3295:Baru darrowi
3293:
3292:
3235:
3234:
3218:
3217:
3194:
3193:
3170:
3169:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3068:Crocodylidae
3066:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2901:
2900:
2874:
2873:
2802:
2801:
2782:
2781:
2755:
2754:
2728:
2727:
2701:
2700:
2674:
2673:
2640:
2639:
2606:Kambara spp.
2604:
2603:
2570:
2569:
2558:Mekosuchinae
2533:
2532:
2485:Longirostres
2483:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2372:
2371:
2345:
2344:
2318:
2317:
2282:
2281:
2265:
2204:
2203:
2186:Baru darrowi
2184:
2183:
2159:Baru wickeni
2157:
2156:
2121:
2120:
2101:
2100:
2060:
2059:
2024:
2023:
2004:
2003:
1970:
1969:
1958:Mekosuchinae
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:Mekosuchinae
1888:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1812:
1801:Mekosuchinae
1797:
1792:
1784:
1781:convergently
1776:
1772:
1766:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1737:Crocodylidae
1732:
1729:Mekosuchinae
1724:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1648:and that of
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:Boverisuchus
1201:
1197:
1192:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1092:
1087:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
983:
982:
975:Gugu-Yalanji
970:
966:
949:
937:
933:
924:
923:
916:species name
903:
900:type species
890:
889:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
846:Gugu-Yalanji
839:
829:
824:
822:
815:
809:
805:Baru wickeni
803:
795:
791:
787:
783:
763:
759:
757:
751:
728:
723:
720:Mekosuchinae
717:
710:
706:
702:
697:
693:
681:
678:Ralph Molnar
675:
654:
648:
642:Quinkana sp.
641:
546:
543:nomen dubium
538:
534:
526:
524:
513:
509:
504:
502:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
465:
462:semi-aquatic
455:
450:
449:no complete
445:
441:
429:
420:
419:
415:Gugu-Yalanji
410:
405:
404:
399:
398:
393:
392:
387:
386:
375:crocodylians
359:
358:
357:
349:Willis, 1997
344:
343:
331:
330:
318:
317:
301:
300:
284:Molnar, 1981
278:
277:
268:Type species
261:Molnar, 1981
255:
254:
242:Mekosuchinae
232:
209:
196:
134:
35:
29:
7558:Wikispecies
7430:G. leptodus
7282:Hanyusuchus
7275:Gryposuchus
7204:T. gaudense
7073:Tienosuchus
7052:Ocepesuchus
7016:Kentisuchus
6988:Dollosuchus
6967:Gavialoidea
6509:Purussaurus
6502:Protocaiman
6474:Necrosuchus
6467:Mourasuchus
6453:Gnatusuchus
6394:Bottosaurus
6359:A. thomsoni
6338:A. munensis
6331:A. mefferdi
6247:Arambourgia
6183:Balanerodus
6143:Krabisuchus
6122:Eoalligator
6050:Deinosuchus
6029:Arambourgia
5971:Deinosuchus
5845:Arenysuchus
5813:Ultrastenos
5770:Kalthifrons
5426:: 135โ157.
4879:(1): 2250.
4136:Kalthifrons
4050:Protemnodon
3988:Kalthifrons
3937:Ultrastenos
3757:morphologic
2103:Kalthifrons
1925:Kalthifrons
1819:during the
1817:Australasia
1758:Osteolaemus
1752:Paleosuchus
1723:Given that
1171:across the
1151:Description
1080:Pleistocene
1027:Riversleigh
908:Pleistocene
559:crocodylids
458:terrestrial
417:mythology.
372:mekosuchine
7967:Categories
7897:Q112758481
7817:Q112758362
7724:Q112758291
7644:Q112758227
7502:See also:
7240:sensu lato
7236:Gavialinae
7100:Gavialidae
6905:Crocodylus
6829:Rimasuchus
6822:Euthecodon
6808:Brochuchus
6554:M. fisheri
6387:Acresuchus
6374:Caimaninae
6324:A. mcgrewi
6004:Globidonta
5784:Mekosuchus
5693:see belowโ
5684:Crocodilia
5596:Sauropsida
5407:: 195โ217.
5401:The Beagle
4942:Alcheringa
4797:: 423โ438.
4747:: 143โ151.
4683:: 145โ166.
4677:The Beagle
4249:: e12094.
4217:References
4186:Crocodylus
4147:affecting
4118:Extinction
4101:Thylacoleo
4072:Troposodon
4066:Diprotodon
4059:and other
4038:Crocodylus
4008:Thylacoleo
4000:Crocodylus
3996:Q. babarra
3969:billabongs
3833:ecological
3825:Thylacoleo
3611:Crocodylus
3136:Crocodylus
2347:Mekosuchus
1929:Mekosuchus
1897:Mekosuchus
1881:Crocodylia
1861:tip dating
1577:Q. meboldi
1573:Q. babarra
1569:Messel Pit
1537:Q. babarra
1492:Q. meboldi
1422:Q. meboldi
1410:Q. babarra
1362:Q. meboldi
1358:Q. babarra
1309:Q. babarra
1285:jugal bone
1233:premaxilla
1210:Q. babarra
1206:Q. meboldi
1185:Cretaceous
997:Q. babarra
912:Queensland
497:Thylacoleo
470:habitation
406:Q. meboldi
400:Q. babarra
383:Queensland
226:Crocodilia
7438:G. lewisi
7414:G. browni
7186:Tomistoma
6524:Tsoabichi
6345:A. olseni
6307:Alligator
5791:Paludirex
5672:Neosuchia
5657:Neosuchia
5582:Kingdom:
5495:133338958
5479:0272-4634
5331:129195186
5112:0004-959X
5007:: e3501.
4901:2041-1723
4513:0036-8075
4427:0067-1975
4351:258878554
4132:Paludirex
4061:kangaroos
4034:Paludirex
4004:Paludirex
3973:Quinkana'
3859:taphonomy
3829:taxonomic
3703:Q. timara
3701:species,
2903:Baru spp.
1933:Paludirex
1909:Paludirex
1885:cladogram
1829:phylogeny
1825:Q. timara
1741:Eusuchian
1676:Phylogeny
1667:species.
1650:Q. timara
1553:Q. timara
1533:Q. timara
1507:ziphodont
1458:Dentition
1418:Q. timara
1397:Q. timara
1373:palatines
1273:Quinkana'
1241:Q. timara
1183:from the
1169:Paleogene
1131:Allingham
1031:Oligocene
1005:Q. timara
950:Q. timara
938:Q. timara
868:species.
836:Etymology
802:, namely
737:limestone
729:Q. timara
659:Megalania
514:Quinkana'
425:ziphodont
394:Q. timara
379:Australia
166:Kingdom:
160:Eukaryota
135:Q. timara
7911:42335013
7891:Wikidata
7831:42335012
7811:Wikidata
7764:10680555
7738:24157140
7718:Wikidata
7684:10898344
7658:61147003
7638:Wikidata
7578:10581005
7564:Quinkana
7549:Q1934473
7543:Wikidata
7534:Quinkana
7389:Gavialis
6877:Quinkana
6438:Eocaiman
6058:Eocaiman
5798:Quinkana
5614:Eusuchia
5590:Chordata
5588:Phylum:
5584:Animalia
5564:Extinct
5487:44866024
5207:30051855
5181:(1881).
5098:(1): 1.
5033:28674657
4971:84759144
4919:32418985
4671:Quinkana
4607:: 27โ33.
4579:52775128
4529:41255154
4521:17828894
4275:34567843
4211:Quinkana
4206:Quinkana
4199:Quinkana
4195:Quinkana
4168:Quinkana
4160:Quinkana
4149:Quinkana
4144:Quinkana
4112:Quinkana
4108:Quinkana
4095:and the
4081:Quinkana
4045:Quinkana
4016:Quinkana
3984:Quinkana
3957:Quinkana
3925:Quinkana
3915:Quinkana
3879:Quinkana
3871:Quinkana
3866:Quinkana
3846:Quinkana
3842:Quinkana
3821:Quinkana
3814:Quinkana
3790:Quinkana
3762:Quinkana
3753:Quinkana
3745:Quinkana
3733:Quinkana
3725:Quinkana
3717:Quinkana
3712:Quinkana
3699:Quinkana
3697:. Among
3695:Quinkana
3690:Quinkana
3686:Quinkana
3678:Quinkana
3668:Quinkana
3568:Quinkana
3125:Quinkana
3116:Quinkana
2394:Quinkana
1923:between
1921:Quinkana
1905:Quinkana
1889:Quinkana
1857:Quinkana
1853:Quinkana
1846:Quinkana
1842:Quinkana
1837:Quinkana
1821:Cenozoic
1813:Quinkana
1793:Quinkana
1785:Quinkana
1725:Quinkana
1707:Quinkana
1665:Quinkana
1637:Quinkana
1609:Quinkana
1521:Quinkana
1517:Quinkana
1503:Quinkana
1499:Quinkana
1468:Quinkana
1433:Quinkana
1429:Quinkana
1389:Quinkana
1354:Quinkana
1350:Quinkana
1346:Quinkana
1329:Quinkana
1321:Quinkana
1304:Quinkana
1300:Quinkana
1277:Quinkana
1265:lacrimal
1257:Quinkana
1253:Quinkana
1229:Quinkana
1225:Quinkana
1175:and the
1156:Quinkana
1145:Quinkana
1120:Quinkana
1116:Quinkana
1112:Quinkana
1072:Yarraden
1068:Quinkana
1051:Quinkana
1035:Quinkana
934:Quinkana
880:(c) and
866:Quinkana
842:Quinkans
830:Quinkana
825:Quinkana
788:Quinkana
760:Quinkana
752:Quinkana
707:Quinkana
703:Quinkana
694:Quinkana
690:ontogeny
682:Quinkana
655:Quinkana
547:Quinkana
535:Quinkana
527:Quinkana
510:Quinkana
505:Quinkana
492:Quinkana
487:Quinkana
483:Quinkana
479:Quinkana
475:Quinkana
466:Quinkana
451:Quinkana
446:Quinkana
442:Quinkana
421:Quinkana
411:Quinkana
360:Quinkana
290:Species
256:Quinkana
190:Reptilia
180:Chordata
176:Phylum:
170:Animalia
156:Domain:
36:Quinkana
7937:6150068
7924:8439650
7857:6150067
7844:8637839
7777:4132165
7751:4822171
7671:4822172
7604:1017983
7591:4822170
6869:Kinyang
6836:Kinyang
5777:Kambara
5594:Class:
5459:Bibcode
5311:Bibcode
5238:Bibcode
5198:6030529
5024:5494174
4951:Bibcode
4910:7231803
4881:Bibcode
4493:Bibcode
4485:Science
4329:Bibcode
4266:8428266
4093:wombats
4024:, both
3990:in the
3959:, with
3806:Kambara
3802:ischium
3777:Kambara
3772:Kambara
3767:Kambara
2209:Alcoota
1891:within
1871:), and
1777:Sebecus
1768:Sebecus
1743:genera
1189:Miocene
1187:to the
1096:Alcoota
965:โ than
856:Species
365:extinct
248:Genus:
222:Order:
186:Class:
7950:266022
7870:265695
7790:287376
7697:383305
6573:Caiman
5830:Others
5493:
5485:
5477:
5329:
5280:
5205:
5195:
5135:
5110:
5031:
5021:
4969:
4917:
4907:
4899:
4577:
4567:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4425:
4349:
4273:
4263:
4191:humans
3729:et al.
1877:fossil
1809:Willis
1805:Molnar
1765:genus
1755:, and
1470:tooth.
1140:et al.
1009:babarr
971:timara
363:is an
7759:IRMNG
7679:IRMNG
7617:38457
7599:IRMNG
5820:Volia
5725:Basal
5610:Clade
5601:Clade
5516:(PDF)
5491:S2CID
5483:JSTOR
5327:S2CID
5236:(5).
5001:PeerJ
4967:S2CID
4525:S2CID
4347:S2CID
4242:PeerJ
4173:Sahul
3798:ilium
2320:Volia
1586:Both
1221:nares
1129:near
876:(b),
872:(a),
368:genus
233:Clade
210:Clade
197:Clade
7919:GBIF
7839:GBIF
7746:GBIF
7666:GBIF
7586:GBIF
6893:Voay
5755:Baru
5670:see
5643:see
5475:ISSN
5278:ISBN
5203:PMID
5133:ISBN
5108:ISSN
5029:PMID
4915:PMID
4897:ISSN
4575:OCLC
4565:ISBN
4517:PMID
4509:ISSN
4423:ISSN
4271:PMID
4140:Baru
4134:and
4124:Baru
4069:and
4028:and
3977:Baru
3961:Baru
3800:and
3786:hips
3784:and
2206:Baru
1937:Baru
1935:and
1913:Baru
1911:and
1899:and
1835:and
1715:Baru
1619:Size
1590:and
1531:and
1512:Baru
1486:and
1420:and
1395:and
1375:and
1360:and
1267:and
1263:The
1219:The
1003:and
898:The
814:and
770:and
565:and
436:and
403:and
308:type
59:Pre๊
7906:EoL
7826:EoL
7733:EoL
7653:EoL
7573:EoL
5524:123
5467:doi
5428:doi
5375:doi
5371:103
5319:doi
5246:doi
5193:PMC
5183:doi
5179:285
5100:doi
5056:doi
5019:PMC
5009:doi
4959:doi
4905:PMC
4889:doi
4745:116
4501:doi
4489:197
4413:doi
4337:doi
4261:PMC
4251:doi
4151:.
4097:emu
3979:.
1831:of
1223:of
1106:of
733:NTM
669:in
468:โs
460:or
370:of
7969::
7947::
7934::
7921::
7908::
7893::
7867::
7854::
7841::
7828::
7813::
7787::
7774::
7761::
7748::
7735::
7720::
7694::
7681::
7668::
7655::
7640::
7614::
7601::
7588::
7575::
7560::
7545::
5612::
5603::
5522:.
5518:.
5503:^
5489:.
5481:.
5473:.
5465:.
5455:37
5453:.
5449:.
5422:.
5403:.
5399:.
5387:^
5369:.
5365:.
5325:.
5317:.
5307:36
5305:.
5292:^
5258:^
5244:.
5232:.
5215:^
5201:.
5191:.
5177:.
5171:.
5106:.
5096:50
5094:.
5090:.
5068:^
5052:25
5050:.
5027:.
5017:.
5003:.
4999:.
4979:^
4965:.
4957:.
4947:24
4945:.
4939:.
4927:^
4913:.
4903:.
4895:.
4887:.
4877:11
4875:.
4871:.
4853:^
4845:52
4843:.
4837:.
4803:^
4795:41
4793:.
4789:.
4753:^
4743:.
4739:.
4689:^
4681:11
4679:.
4675:.
4613:^
4603:.
4599:.
4587:^
4573:.
4559:.
4537:^
4523:.
4515:.
4507:.
4499:.
4487:.
4483:.
4463:^
4455:19
4453:.
4449:.
4435:^
4421:.
4409:33
4407:.
4403:.
4359:^
4345:.
4335:.
4325:47
4323:.
4319:.
4283:^
4269:.
4259:.
4245:.
4239:.
4225:^
4091:,
4063:,
4053:,
4040:.
1939:.
1931:,
1807:,
1749:,
1571:.
1424:.
1216:.
1045:,
852:.
820:.
808:,
776:QM
762:,
715:.
569:.
235::
212::
199::
109:Pg
53:Ma
48:,
44:-
7457:?
7449:?
7441:?
7433:?
7425:?
7417:?
7409:?
7358:?
7322:?
7314:?
7292:?
7270:?
7223:?
7215:?
7207:?
7199:?
7176:?
7168:?
7153:?
7145:?
7076:?
7026:?
6888:?
6880:?
6872:?
6864:?
6839:?
6790:?
6782:?
6748:?
6740:?
6725:?
6717:?
6695:?
6534:?
6519:?
6441:?
6419:?
6404:?
6297:?
6289:?
6281:?
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6250:?
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6210:?
6202:?
6194:?
6186:?
6090:?
6075:?
6053:?
5922:?
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5750:?
5557:e
5550:t
5543:v
5497:.
5469::
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5434:.
5430::
5424:8
5405:9
5381:.
5377::
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5321::
5313::
5286:.
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5248::
5240::
5234:9
5209:.
5185::
5141:.
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5062:.
5058::
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5005:5
4973:.
4961::
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4921:.
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4883::
4605:3
4581:.
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4429:.
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4339::
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4247:9
3831:-
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2981:โ
2961:โ
2934:โ
2907:โ
2880:โ
2808:โ
2788:โ
2761:โ
2734:โ
2707:โ
2680:โ
2646:โ
2610:โ
2576:โ
2539:โ
2398:โ
2378:โ
2351:โ
2324:โ
2288:โ
2268:โ
2211:โ
2190:โ
2163:โ
2127:โ
2107:โ
2066:โ
2030:โ
2010:โ
1976:โ
1875:(
1717:.
1061:.
977:.
754:.
731:(
341:โ
328:โ
315:โ
310:)
298:โ
275:โ
252:โ
239:โ
114:N
104:K
99:J
94:T
89:P
84:C
79:D
74:S
69:O
64:๊
20:)
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