216:
The book goes on to note that "Some of the definitions, however, appear to confuse audibility or signal strength with readability, which may be impaired even when signals are strong, by atmospherics, interference, a noisy receiver, etc.", and that because of this
Amateurs supplemented the QSA system
146:
listed in the 1912 International
Radiotelegraph Convention Regulations, and was later adopted by other radio services, especially amateur radio. The QSA code was mandated by the Madrid Convention (Appendix 10, General Regulations) sometime prior to 1936, and specified the following reporting format,
535:
FM 24-6 further states, "Readability and signal strength reports indicate the desired method of transmission and should be used in that sense. Readability and signal strength reports are not exchanged unless "3" or less, lack of any report being assumed to indicate satisfactory communications."
54:
The current definition of the QSA and QRK codes are officially defined in ITU Radio
Regulations 1990, Appendix 13: Miscellaneous Abbreviations and Signals to Be Used in Radiotelegraphy Communications Except in the Maritime Mobile Service, and are also described identically in ACP131(F),:
613:
The 1943–1945 Combined
Communications Board Publications, including CCBP 3-2: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure, describe a slightly newer radiotelephony version of the radiotelegraph procedure described in the U.S. Army Radio Operator's Manual, FM
224:
The U.S. Navy's
Communications Instructions of 1929 prescribed a different set of codes for the response: However, for joint Army-Navy operations, the K signal was replaced with the S signal, with exactly the same definitions.
221:, and notes that the R-S-T report format, because it is three digits long, cannot be confused with either of the earlier systems. The book does not clarify the method for requesting an R-S-T report instead of a QSA report.
618:(a) A station is understood to have good readability unless otherwise notified. Strength of signals and readability will not be exchanged unless one station cannot clearly hear another station.
621:(b) The response to "How do you hear me?" will be a short concise report of actual reception such as "Weak but readable," "Strong but distorted," "Loud and clear," "Strength Four," etc.
625:
At least in CCBP 3–2, no additional detail is given about what the range of the numeric scale is, or the complete list of strength and readability code words are.
217:
reports with a readability scale, called the R-System, which used a scale of 1 to 9. The book describes the QSA- and R-systems immediately after describing the
653:
46:, was published in the ITU Radio Regulations, Geneva, 1959, but is longer and unwieldy for use in the fast pace of Morse code communications.
687:
700:
539:
The report example given below uses military call signs and the obsolete Q Code of QJS for readability instead of the current QRK:
734:
721:
338:
An expanded QRK code was first defined to go along with the earlier QSA code in the ITU Radio
Regulations Cairo, 1938.
637:
856:
462:
The 1945 U.S. Army Radio
Operator's Manual, FM 24-6 defines the radiotelegraph signal report format as follows:
689:
Radiotelegraph & Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords, and
Abbreviations for the Summerland Radio Club DE VK2JWA
807:. Vol. Part IV: PROCEDURE AND EXAMPLES. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1929.
706:
799:
780:
696:
38:
are interrelated and complementary signal reporting codes for use in wireless telegraphy (
788:. Vol. Part II: RADIO. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1929.
741:
850:
658:
642:
218:
138:
The QSK code is one of the earliest signal reporting formats and is a part of the
142:
used for commercial radiotelegraph communication, appearing as one of the twelve
17:
761:
648:
43:
39:
824:. Field Manual. Fort Monroe, VA: Army Field Printing Plant, CAS. FM24-6.
153:
Radiotelegraph & Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords, and
Abbreviations
819:
143:
139:
839:. Washington, D. C.: Combined Communications Board. pp. 1, 2.
769:. Newington, CT: American Radio Relay League. 1936. p. 364.
735:"ACP 131(F) - Communications Instructions Operating Signals"
108:
The intelligibility of your signals (or those of...) is...
105:
What is the intelligibility of my signals (or those of...)?
733:
27:
Morse code operating signal for signal quality reports
78:
The strength of your signals (or those of...) is...
75:
What is the strength of my signals (or those of...)?
837:CCBP 3-2: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure
695:. Lismore, NSW: Southern Cross University Press.
261:Fair—readable at slow speed, send code twice.
284:1929 U.S. Navy strength of signals responses
253:Poor but readable—send each character twice.
8:
835:Myers, G. B.; Charles, B. P. (1945-02-14).
458:FM 24-6 Radiotelegraph signal report format
147:as found in the 1936 edition of the ARRL's
377:Fairly good, readable but with difficulty
194:Fairly good, readable but with difficulty
541:
464:
398:
340:
282:
227:
157:
57:
673:
654:Signal strength and readability report
818:United States War Department (1945).
229:1929 U.S. Navy readability responses
7:
756:
754:
681:
679:
677:
661:(for wired telephone circuits only)
609:CCB signal strength and readability
443:Readable with almost no difficulty
25:
427:Occasional words distinguishable
269:Good—readable at moderate speed.
405:Response from receiving station
347:Response from receiving station
289:Response from receiving station
234:Response from receiving station
164:Response from receiving station
361:Hardly perceptible, unreadable
178:Hardly perceptible, unreadable
393:Very good, perfectly readable
210:Very good, perfectly readable
1:
634:Other signal reporting codes
504:Readable but with difficulty
763:The Radio Amateur's Handbook
369:Weak, readable now and then
186:Weak, readable now and then
149:The Radio Amateur's Handbook
638:Plain language radio checks
402:Request from first station
355:QSA (replaced earlier QJS)
344:Request from first station
172:QRK (replaced earlier QJS)
161:Request from first station
873:
801:Communication Instructions
782:Communication Instructions
300:Very weak—hardly audible.
435:Readable with difficulty
412:
354:
171:
67:Answer, Advice, or Order
686:Alcorn, John W. (1997).
645:(for Amateur radio only)
821:Radio Operator's Manual
42:). An enhanced format,
623:
599:MB6 V S7P QJS 3 QSA 3
493:Readable now and then
134:Historical development
747:on September 6, 2012.
616:
485:Scarcely perceptible
82:scarcely perceptible
526:Perfectly readable
451:Perfectly readable
324:Moderately strong.
285:
230:
587:S7P V MB6 INT QJS
556:3MY V MB6 QJS 3 K
283:
228:
857:Operating signals
606:
605:
533:
532:
455:
454:
397:
396:
336:
335:
316:Medium strength.
308:Moderately weak.
281:
280:
277:Easily readable.
214:
213:
131:
130:
16:(Redirected from
864:
841:
840:
832:
826:
825:
815:
809:
808:
806:
796:
790:
789:
787:
777:
771:
770:
768:
758:
749:
748:
746:
740:. Archived from
739:
730:
724:
720:
718:
717:
712:on March 3, 2019
711:
705:. Archived from
694:
683:
602:
590:
579:
576:3MY V MB6 QJS 4
567:
542:
474:Signal Strength
465:
399:
341:
286:
231:
158:
58:
21:
18:QSA and QRK code
872:
871:
867:
866:
865:
863:
862:
861:
847:
846:
845:
844:
834:
833:
829:
817:
816:
812:
804:
798:
797:
793:
785:
779:
778:
774:
766:
760:
759:
752:
744:
737:
732:
731:
727:
715:
713:
709:
703:
692:
685:
684:
675:
670:
631:
620:
619:
611:
600:
588:
577:
565:
460:
385:Good, readable
202:Good, readable
136:
127:
97:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
870:
868:
860:
859:
849:
848:
843:
842:
827:
810:
791:
772:
750:
725:
701:
672:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
663:
662:
656:
651:
646:
640:
630:
627:
610:
607:
604:
603:
597:
593:
592:
585:
581:
580:
574:
570:
569:
562:
558:
557:
554:
550:
549:
546:
531:
530:
527:
524:
520:
519:
516:
513:
509:
508:
505:
502:
498:
497:
494:
491:
487:
486:
483:
480:
476:
475:
472:
469:
459:
456:
453:
452:
449:
445:
444:
441:
437:
436:
433:
429:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
410:
409:
406:
403:
395:
394:
391:
387:
386:
383:
379:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
345:
334:
333:
330:
326:
325:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:
290:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
259:
255:
254:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
235:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
162:
135:
132:
129:
128:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
98:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
62:
51:
50:Current format
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
869:
858:
855:
854:
852:
838:
831:
828:
823:
822:
814:
811:
803:
802:
795:
792:
784:
783:
776:
773:
765:
764:
757:
755:
751:
743:
736:
729:
726:
723:
708:
704:
702:9781863844246
698:
691:
690:
682:
680:
678:
674:
667:
660:
659:Circuit Merit
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
633:
632:
628:
626:
622:
615:
608:
598:
595:
594:
586:
583:
582:
575:
572:
571:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
551:
548:Transmission
547:
544:
543:
540:
537:
528:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
511:
510:
506:
503:
500:
499:
495:
492:
489:
488:
484:
481:
478:
477:
473:
470:
467:
466:
463:
457:
450:
447:
446:
442:
439:
438:
434:
431:
430:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
404:
401:
400:
392:
389:
388:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
372:
368:
365:
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
342:
339:
331:
328:
327:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
311:
307:
304:
303:
299:
296:
295:
291:
288:
287:
276:
273:
272:
268:
265:
264:
260:
257:
256:
252:
249:
248:
244:
241:
240:
236:
233:
232:
226:
222:
220:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
154:
150:
145:
141:
133:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
60:
59:
56:
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
836:
830:
820:
813:
800:
794:
781:
775:
762:
742:the original
728:
714:. Retrieved
707:the original
688:
643:R-S-T system
624:
617:
612:
538:
534:
507:Fairly good
471:Readability
461:
337:
223:
219:R-S-T system
215:
152:
148:
137:
53:
35:
31:
29:
482:Unreadable
419:Unreadable
245:Unreadable
88:fairly good
716:2018-05-08
668:References
649:SINPO code
564:MB6 V 3MY
529:Very good
44:SINPO code
40:Morse code
515:Readable
124:excellent
94:very good
851:Category
629:See also
408:Meaning
350:Meaning
332:Strong.
292:Meaning
237:Meaning
167:Meaning
64:Question
36:QRK code
32:QSA code
722:Alt URL
545:Station
468:Report
144:Q Codes
699:
591:QSA K
568:QJS K
140:Q code
61:Signal
805:(PDF)
786:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
745:(PDF)
738:(PDF)
710:(PDF)
693:(PDF)
614:24-6:
518:Good
496:Weak
390:QSA5
382:QSA4
374:QSA3
366:QSA2
358:QSA1
207:QSA5
199:QSA4
191:QSA3
183:QSA2
175:QSA1
697:ISBN
413:QRK
151:and
121:good
118:fair
115:poor
91:good
85:weak
34:and
30:The
596:S7P
589:INT
584:MB6
573:MB6
566:INT
561:3MY
553:MB6
448:R5
440:R4
432:R3
424:R2
416:R1
329:K5
321:K4
313:K3
305:K2
297:K1
274:R5
266:R4
258:R3
250:R2
242:R1
112:bad
102:QRK
72:QSA
853::
753:^
676:^
601:AR
578:AR
523:5
512:4
501:3
490:2
479:1
155:.
719:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.