1367:
470:
489:. In anticipation of the filling of the reservoir, excavations and restoration works were carried out at numerous sites in the region, including Qal'at Ja'bar. Although the location of Qal'at Ja'bar on a prominent hilltop ensured that it would not be flooded, the eventual lake level would turn the castle into an island. It was therefore surrounded by a protective glacis, and it was connected to the mainland by a causeway. These works were carried out between 1965 and 1974 by the Architectural Service of the DGAM, the Directorate General of the Dam and
94:
457:. The upper parts of the castle are built from baked bricks. The entrance to the inner parts of the castle consists of a gatehouse and a winding ramp cut out of the rock. Inside the castle are the remains of a vaulted hall, as well as minaret that was probably built by Nur ad-Din, and that is the highest part of the castle. The brickwork that is currently visible is mainly the result of extensive restoration works by the Syrian
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101:
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besieged the castle, but he was murdered there by one of his own slaves. In 1168, Qal'at Ja'bar passed into the hands of Zengi's son Nur ad-Din, who undertook major construction works at the castle. Most of what can be seen today dates to this period. The castle was heavily damaged during the
452:
Qal'at Ja'bar measures 370 by 170 metres (1,210 ft × 560 ft). The castle consists of a stone-built wall with 35 bastions around a rock core, and is partially surrounded by a dry moat. The layout of the castle is very reminiscent of the much better preserved
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Valley, is now an island in Lake Assad that can only be reached by an artificial causeway. Although the hilltop on which the castle sits was possibly already fortified in the 7th century, the current structures are primarily the work of
270:, who rebuilt the castle from 1168 onwards. Since 1965, several excavations have been carried out in and around the castle, as well as restoration works of the walls and towers. The castle was a Turkish exclave between 1921 and 1973.
78:
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It is not exactly known when the hilltop of Qal'at Ja'bar was first fortified. The site was already known as "Dawsar" in pre-Islamic times and was located along a route connecting
441:
1413:
835:
311:. He was killed there in 1071/72. It developed a reputation for being a haven for Bedouin highwaymen from the two tribes. In 1086 it was conquered by the Seljuks under
436:
in Syria. The castle grounds were suspected to have been subsequently repurposed by ISIL as a training ground, with tunnels and weapons depots built into the site.
497: 4 million . The restoration focused primarily on the eastern walls and towers. In addition, parts of the western ramparts were restored, as well as the
458:
420:
SDF fighters examine Qal'at Ja'bar following their capture of the castle in
January 2017. ISIL had built tunnels and weapons depots into the castle grounds.
1151:
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was on a campaign in the area. At an unspecified point afterward it came into the possession of a certain Ja'bar ibn Sabiq, a member of the tribe of
376:
near Qal'at Ja'bar, and was buried near the castle. However, it is probable that this story resulted from a confusion between
Suleyman Shah, and
783:
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of 1921, the area was accepted as
Turkish territory and Turkish soldiers were allowed to guard the tomb after Syria's establishment as a
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Alia, which was intended to house a museum for the finds of the excavations at the castle. To facilitate the restoration, a small
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643:(2010). "Zangī, Abu 'l-Muzaffar 'Imād al-Dīn b. Ḳasīm al- Dawla Aḳsunḳur b. Il - Turghān". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.;
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and eventual independence. In 1973, in response to the rising water level of the newly created Lake Assad, the reputed
384:. It is however not certain whether the actual tomb, known as Mezār-i Türk, related to either of these two rulers. The
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Salim's descendants held the castle almost continuously until the late 12th century, except for a brief occupation by
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580:. Oriental Explorations and Studies. Vol. 3. New York: American Geographical Society. pp. 94–95.
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327:. The castle may have been built by the Numayr, but more likely its construction occurred under Salim.
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were moved to a new location north of Qal'at Ja'bar and the castle itself became Syrian territory.
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Bounni, Adnan; Lundquist, J. M. (1977). "Campaign and exhibition from the
Euphrates in Syria".
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Muslim
Military Architecture in Greater Syria: From the Coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period
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1044:. British Academy Monographs in Archaeology. Vol. 11. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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commenced, as a result of which the area upstream would eventually be flooded by the dam's
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Qal'at Ja'bar pottery: a study of a Syrian fortified site of the late 11th-14th centuries
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872:"Le sauvatage des vestiges de la zone de submersion du barrage de Tabqa sur l'Euphrate"
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was established at the castle. Finds from the castle are now on display in the
1066:. Bibliothèque archéologique et historique. Vol. 17. Paris: P. Geuthner.
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Sourdel, D. (2010). "ḎJabar or Ḳalat ḎJabar". In
Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.;
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613:"The Citadel of Raqqa and Fortifications in the Middle Euphrates Area"
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784:"US-backed Kurdish Forces Capture Historic Castle From IS Near Raqqa"
732:"US-backed Kurdish Forces Capture Historic Castle From IS Near Raqqa"
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758:"SDF FIGHTERS LIBERATE HISTORIC 850-YEAR-OLD CASTLE FROM ISIS"
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Zaqzuq, A.R. (1985). "Fouilles de la citadelle de Ja'bar".
911:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 495–496.
836:"Kurdish-Arab forces seize strategic Syria citadel from IS"
261:. Its site, formerly a prominent hill-top overlooking the
343:. Restoration works were carried out in the 14th century.
67:
Qal'at Ja'bar from the north, surrounded by the waters of
811:"US-backed Forces in Syria Target Strategic IS-held Dam"
969:
The Annual of the
American Schools of Oriental Research
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View of the castle in 1939, before construction of the
440:captured the site on 6 January 2017 as part of its
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392:had the tomb reconstructed. By article 9 of the
295:Qal'at Dawsar was mentioned in 1040/41 when the
578:The Middle Euphrates. A topographical itinerary
459:Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums
1409:Buildings and structures in Raqqa Governorate
1145:
842:. Yahoo! News. 6 January 2017. Archived from
444:, seizing it after killing 22 ISIL fighters.
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941:(2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. pp.
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647:; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
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1064:La Syrie antique et médiévale illustrée
678:Monuments of Syria. An historical guide
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649:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
552:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
760:. NRT. 6 January 2017. Archived from
477:and flooding of the surrounding land.
7:
707:"Franco-Turkish agreement of Ankara"
430:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
82:One of the bastions of Qal'at Ja'bar
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909:The Crusades: Islamic perspectives
16:Castle in Raqqa Governorate, Syria
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681:. London: I.B. Tauris. pp.
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809:Sirwan Kajjo (6 January 2017).
619:. Leiden: Brill. p. 132.
1:
481:In 1968, construction of the
380:, the founder of the Seljuk
372:), reputedly drowned in the
41:Qal'at Dawsar (ancient name)
1040:Tonghini, Cristina (1998).
432:captured the castle in its
1435:
615:. In Kennedy, Hugh (ed.).
611:Heidemann, Stefan (2006).
465:Restoration and excavation
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507:National Museum of Aleppo
341:Mongol invasions of Syria
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651:. Leiden: Brill Online.
554:. Leiden: Brill Online.
523:List of islands of Syria
438:Syrian Democratic Forces
315:, who granted it to the
601:, p. 132, note 37.
182:Partially restored ruin
1312:Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
1307:Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
478:
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378:Sulayman bin Kutalmish
291:11th century and later
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1187:Al-Sheikh Deeb Castle
870:Bahnassi, A. (1978).
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402:tomb of Suleyman Shah
360:, the grandfather of
353:Tomb of Suleyman Shah
347:Tomb of Suleyman Shah
301:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
140:35.8975°N 38.480833°E
1116:35.8969°N 38.48101°E
1094:at Wikimedia Commons
249:on the left bank of
1232:Citadel of Damascus
1222:Krak des Chevaliers
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846:on 14 December 2017
840:Agnce France-Presse
404:and the associated
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1197:Bani Qahtan Castle
938:Amurath to Amurath
675:Burns, R. (1999).
479:
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334:in 1102. In 1146,
299:governor of Syria
145:35.8975; 38.480833
1386:
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1357:Citadel of Tartus
1347:Qalaat al-Shaghur
1227:Citadel of Aleppo
1121:35.8969; 38.48101
1090:Media related to
885:. ICOMOS: 57–70.
790:. 10 January 2017
738:. 10 January 2017
455:citadel of Aleppo
321:Citadel of Aleppo
319:commander of the
279:Before the castle
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1242:Hama Castle
1119: /
712:(in French)
424:During the
305:Banu Numayr
143: /
119:Coordinates
1393:Categories
1172:Abu Qubays
1107:38°28′52″E
1104:35°53′49″N
933:Bell, G.L.
879:Monumentum
794:25 January
742:23 January
529:References
503:brickworks
366:progenitor
268:Nur ad-Din
251:Lake Assad
131:38°28′51″E
128:35°53′51″N
69:Lake Assad
1404:Euphrates
1377:Also See:
1072:610530151
1016:0039-7946
981:0066-0035
951:481634750
891:0027-0776
850:7 January
820:7 January
768:7 January
657:624382576
574:Musil, A.
560:624382576
487:reservoir
483:Tabqa Dam
475:Tabqa Dam
374:Euphrates
332:Crusaders
263:Euphrates
235:قلعة جعبر
217:Materials
179:Condition
31:قلعة جعبر
1327:Al-Rahba
1062:(1931).
935:(1924).
907:(1999).
576:(1927).
517:See also
461:(DGAM).
390:Hamid II
1342:Shmemis
1337:Shaizar
1257:Khawabi
1024:4198474
989:3768538
975:: 1–7.
683:180–181
586:1458654
406:exclave
388:sultan
386:Ottoman
368:of the
362:Osman I
317:Uqaylid
297:Fatimid
274:History
245:) is a
239:Turkish
197: (
1267:Margat
1070:
1048:
1022:
1014:
987:
979:
949:
915:
889:
689:
655:
623:
584:
558:
499:donjon
491:UNESCO
325:Aleppo
247:castle
231:Arabic
159:Castle
1020:JSTOR
1004:Syria
985:JSTOR
945:–51.
875:(PDF)
710:(PDF)
336:Zengi
285:Raqqa
259:Syria
192:Built
54:Syria
1068:OCLC
1046:ISBN
1012:ISSN
977:ISSN
947:OCLC
913:ISBN
887:ISSN
852:2017
822:2017
796:2017
770:2017
744:2017
718:2009
687:ISBN
653:OCLC
621:ISBN
582:OCLC
556:OCLC
509:and
199:1168
195:1168
156:Type
307:or
253:in
174:Yes
1395::
1018:.
1008:62
983:.
973:44
971:.
959:^
943:48
883:17
877:.
860:^
838:.
813:.
786:.
734:.
685:.
665:^
536:^
513:.
495:LS
428:,
257:,
241::
237:,
233::
52:,
1153:e
1146:t
1139:v
1074:.
1054:.
1026:.
991:.
953:.
921:.
893:.
854:.
824:.
798:.
772:.
746:.
720:.
695:.
659:.
629:.
588:.
562:.
364:(
229:(
201:)
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